AC - COVID NC - Cap K 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Bronx
2
Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: Passa Pungchai
AC - Structural Violence NC - Cap K 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Grapevine
1
Opponent: William P Clements AK | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo
AC - stock NC - set col k 1ar - all 2nr - all 2ar - all
Grapevine
4
Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Andrew Torrez
AC - fem aff NC - Cap K 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Harvard
3
Opponent: Rock Hill HS | Judge: Vandan Patel
AC - Indo Pak War 1NCNR - Set Col k 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Harvard
2
Opponent: American Heritage SS | Judge: Saianurag Karavadi
AC - t-fwk aff 1NC - dean on case 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Tradition
2
Opponent: NSU JA | Judge: Isaiah Salgado
AC - stock aff 1NC - Cap K 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
Tradition
3
Opponent: Coral Glades OS | Judge: Isaac Chao
AC - Climate Change Coercion Inequality NC - Cap k turns on case 1AR - all 2NR - all 2AR - all
info
1
Opponent: info | Judge: info
info
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
JF - K - Dean
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: American Heritage SS | Judge: Saianurag Karavadi
Forms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in undercommon communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change – Dean 13:
"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM An emphasis on the drive dimension of melancholia, on Freud's attention to the way
AND
as they capture us in activities that feel productive, important, radical.
The alternative is the politics of the comrade – one that is oriented toward a shared communist horizon – only our methodology can fight capitalism, anything else allows it to take over co-opting any movement – Dean 19:
Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS The term comrade indexes a political relation, a set of expectations for action toward
AND
in, welcoming the new comrade into relations irreducible to their broader setting.
The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory, Dean 19:
Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS The idea that comrades are those who belong to the same side of a political
AND
that comrade relations produce. It concentrates comradeship even as comradeship exceeds it.
Case
Dump
Prefer our Role of the Ballot:
1~ A focus on discourse is an abandonment of real change – we must use a materialist focus to solve oppression Cloud ‘1:
(Dana L. Cloud, Associate Professor, Communication Studies UT Austin, "The Affirmative Masquerade," American Communication Journal, Volume 4, Issue 3, Spring 2001, http://www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol4/iss3/special/cloud.htm)==== At the very least, however, it is clear that poststructuralist discourse theories have left behind some of historical materialism’s most valuable conceptual tools for any theoretical and critical practice that aims at informing practical, oppositional political activity on behalf of historically exploited and oppressed groups. As Nancy Hartsock (1983, 1999) and many others have argued (see Ebert 1996; Stabile, 1997; Triece, 2000; Wood, 1999), we need to retain concepts such as standpoint epistemology (wherein truth standards are not absolute or universal but arise from the scholar’s alignment with the perspectives of particular classes and groups) and fundamental, class-based interests (as opposed to understanding class as just another discursively-produced identity). We need extra-discursive reality checks on ideological mystification and economic contextualization of discursive phenomena. Most importantly, critical scholars bear the obligation to explain the origins and causes of exploitation and oppression in order better to inform the fight against them. In poststructuralist discourse theory, the "retreat from class" (Wood, 1999) expresses an unwarranted pessimism about what can be accomplished in late capitalism with regard to understanding and transforming system and structure at the level of the economy and the state. It substitutes meager cultural freedoms for macro-level social transformation even as millions of people around the world feel the global reach of capitalism more deeply than ever before. At the core of the issue is a debate across the humanities and social sciences with regard to whether we live in a "new economy," an allegedly postmodern, information-driven historical moment in which, it is argued, organized mass movements are no longer effective in making material demands of system and structure (Melucci, 1996). In suggesting that global capitalism has so innovated its strategies that there is no alternative to its discipline, arguments proclaiming "a new economy" risk inaccuracy, pessimism, and conservatism (see Cloud, in press). While a thoroughgoing summary is beyond the scope of this essay, there is a great deal of evidence against claims that capitalism has entered a new phase of extraordinary innovation, reach, and scope (see Hirst and Thompson, 1999). Furthermore, both class polarization (see Mishel, Bernstein, and Schmitt, 2001) and the ideological and management strategies that contain class antagonism (see Cloud, 1998; Parker and Slaughter, 1994) still resemble their pre-postmodern counterparts. A recent report of the Economic Policy Institute concludes that in the 1990s, inequality between rich and poor in the U.S. (as well as around the world) continued to grow, in a context of rising worker productivity, a longer work week for most ordinary Americans, and continued high poverty rates. Even as the real wage of the median CEO rose nearly 63 percent from 1989, to 1999, more than one in four U.S. workers lives at or below the poverty level. Among these workers, women are disproportionately represented, as are Black and Latino workers. (Notably, unionized workers earn nearly thirty percent more, on average, than non-unionized workers.) Meanwhile, Disney workers sewing t-shirts and other merchandise in Haiti earn 28 cents an hour. Disney CEO Michael Eisner made nearly six hundred million dollars in 1999—451,000 times the wage of the workers under his employ (Roesch, 1999). According to United Nations and World Bank sources, several trans-national corporations have assets larger than several countries combined. Sub-Saharan Africa and the Russian Federation have seen sharp economic decline, while assets of the world’s top three billionaires exceed the GNP of all of the least-developed countries and their combined population of 600 million people (Shawki and D’Amato, 2000, pp. 7-8). In this context of a real (and clearly bipolar) class divide in late capitalist society, the postmodern party is a masquerade ball, in which theories claiming to offer ways toward emancipation and progressive critical practice in fact encourage scholars and/as activists to abandon any commitment to crafting oppositional political blocs with instrumental and perhaps revolutionary potential. Instead, on their arguments, we must recognize agency as an illusion of humanism and settle for playing with our identities in a mood of irony, excess, and profound skepticism. Marx and Engels’ critique of the Young Hegelians applies equally well to the postmodern discursive turn: "They are only fighting against ‘phrases.’ They forget, however, that to these phrases they themselves are only opposing other phrases, and that they are in no way combating the real existing world when they are merely combating the phrases of this world" (1976/1932, p. 41). Of course, the study of "phrases" is important to the project of materialist critique in the field of rhetoric. The point, though, is to explain the connections between phrases on the one hand and economic interests and systems of oppression and exploitation on the other. Marxist ideology critique, understands that classes, motivated by class interest, produce rhetorics wittingly and unwittingly, successfully and unsuccessfully. Those rhetorics are strategically adapted to context and audience. Yet Marxist theory is not naïve in its understanding of intention or individual agency. Challenging individualist humanism, Marxist ideology critics regard people as "products of circumstances" (and changed people as products of changed circumstances; Marx, 1972b/1888, p. 144). Within this understanding, Marxist ideology critics can describe and evaluate cultural discourses such as that of racism or sexism as strategic and complex expressions of both their moment in history and of their class basis. Further, this mode of critique seeks to explain both why and how social reality is fundamentally, systematically oppressive and exploitative, exploring not only the surface of discourses but also their often-complex and multi-vocal motivations and consequences. As Burke (1969/1950) notes, Marxism is both a method of rhetorical criticism and a rhetorical formation itself (pp. 109-110). There is no pretense of neutrality or assumption of transcendent position for the critic. Teresa Ebert (1996) summarizes the purpose of materialist ideology critique: Materialist critique is a mode of knowing that inquires into what is not said, into the silences and the suppressed or missing, in order to uncover the concealed operations of power and the socio-economic relations connecting the myriad details and representations of our lives. It shows that apparently disconnected zones of culture are in fact materially linked through the highly differentiated, mediated, and dispersed operation of a systematic logic of exploitation. In sum, materialist critique disrupts ‘what is’ to explain how social differences—specifically gender, race, sexuality, and class—have been systematically produced and continue to operate within regimes of exploitation, so that we can change them. It is the means for producing transformative knowledges. (p. 7)
2~ Fetishization of chaos and meaningless impairs systemic analysis, dooming us to political silence and co-option by capital - Harvey ’90:
(David Harvey, Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY) and critically acclaimed Marxist scholar, The Condition of Postmodernity, An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, pages 116-121) I also conclude that there is much more continuity than difference between the broad history
AND
production continue to operate as invariant shaping forces in historical-geographical development.
3~ Mimicry is a link in to the K – they abstract away from material solutions and stray away – the thesis of the aff is that we can just magically overcome capitalism by "radically mimicking" practices of debate – that does absolutely nothing and distracts comrades from the end goal and sits in oppression without real change
4~ TURN – They say they form good liberation strategies, but feminist movements like ME TOO etc and movements against sexual harrasments – need material change – we can’t redefine what it means absent women being in the work place in the first place, only our alternative structures politics in a way to do so
5~ The 1AC’s fatalism toward political change reflects an investment in failure rooted in a negative conception of identity. The horizon of this reactive politics is revenge, inflicting harm with no meaningful blueprint for collective liberation.
Bhambra 10 G¬¬¬¬¬¬urminder Bhambra, professor at the University of Warwick, her research addresses how, within sociological understandings of modernity, the experiences and claims of non-European 'others' have been rendered invisible to the dominant narratives and analytical frameworks of sociology. Her current research project is on the possibilities for historical sociology in a postcolonial world. She is editor of the new monograph series, Theory for a Global Age, published by Bloomsbury Academic. Victoria Margree, School of Humanities at University of Brighton, she lectures in literature, cultural studies and critical theory, with research specialisms in Late-Victorian and Edwardian literature and culture. Her work is informed by literary theory, psychoanalysis, feminism and postcolonial studies. "Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’" Economic and Political Weekly. April 10, 2010. IB 2 The Reification of Identity We wish to turn now to a related problem within
AND
to the identity being foreclosed through its attention to past-based grievances.
2/21/22
JF - K - Set Col
Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Rock Hill HS | Judge: Vandan Patel
The aff trades globalist capitalist exploitation for mercantilist capitalist exploitation-Don’t be fooled by their claims to "anti-capitalism"—. Private entities don’t need to appropriate themselves if they can rely on the colonial state to do it for them; the aff only dooms us to replicate the logic of the railroad, where the colonial state appropriated indigenous lands to hand them over for financialization as a way to reinfore whiteness.
The Interstellar Railroad, or Speculation and Shareholder Whiteness in the Space Economy Réka Patrícia Gál April 14, 2021 Indeed, Musk has carefully positioned his company as a space transportation company, and
AND
, and whiteness in interstellar space, and speculate towards a better future?
There is no difference between public and private space – the state promotes and sanctions the private sector. Not only does the aff do nothing, it legitimates the fiction that the actions of a coopted settler-colonial state are in fact for the people, while the state continues to make the private sector do its dirty work on command. Klinger,
Klinger, J. M. (2018). Rare earth frontiers: From terrestrial subsoils to Lunar Landscapes. Cornell University Press. On November 24, 2015, US president Barack Obama signed the Spurring Private Aerospace
AND
the end of the Cold War (United States House of Representatives 1998).
The evocation of common heritage of "mankind" always excludes those who are the constitutive excluded—mechanisms like the Moon treaty purport to be for the good of common humanity, but they in fact just reinforce the nation-state’s ability to make sovereign decisions over space. Cornum 18,
Cornum, Lou. "Event Horizon." Real Life Mag, 12 Mar. 2018, https://reallifemag.com/event-horizon/. The word pioneer, usually attached to innovation, is never too far from people
AND
givens, the most persistent and damning of them being contact as conquest.
Settler colonialism is an ongoing structure, not an event. The erasing of Native history, life and culture are ongoing devastating impacts that outweigh the affirmative. The affirmative actively participates in the settler colonial project of erasure—-anything that does not start from the question of settler colonialism removes indigeneity from history. Settlerism is an everyday process shaped by affective investments in institutions that claim jurisdiction over native land. Legal and political action is inextricably dependent on the elimination of the native.
Barker12
—MA U of Victoria, BASc McMaster University ~Adam J., "(Re-)Ordering the New World: Settler Colonialism, Space, and Identity" Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Leicester 224-234, December 2012~ Dynamics of Erasure It is important to begin by investigating the erasure of Indigenous presence
AND
to differentiate between genocidal acts based on arbitrary distinctions, splitting colonial hairs.
State space exploration destroys the hope for indigenous and afro futurism, subsuming space with ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬settlerism. Thus, the alternative is to make space for indigenous and afro futurism. Reject all instances of settler moves to innocence. Cornum 15.
Cornum, L., and Cornum, L. (2017, April 18). The space ndn's star map. The New Inquiry. Retrieved February 19, 2022, from https://thenewinquiry.com/the-space-ndns-star-map/ For indigenous futurism, technology is inextricable from the social. Human societies are part
AND
the space NDN reveals the myriad ways of relating to land beyond property.
The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater with who best resists imperialism.
Colonialism functions in education through rhetorical imperialism, decolonial framing and discourse is key.
Grande, Sandy 2015: Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought, Tenth Anniversary Edition . United States of America. Rowman and Littlefield Publisher Inc. (pp 55-56). Sandy Grande is associate professor and Chair of the Education Department at Connecticut College. Her research interfaces critical Indigenous theories with the concerns of education. In addition to Red Pedagogy: Native American Social and Political Thought. (HTE) However the question of sovereignty is resolved politically, there will be significant implications on
AND
it is and as it should be" (Alfred 1999, 132).
On case
Space junk is already orbitting us, and the aff can never solve the root cause – at best, they only reduce new debris. – but the only way to guarantee debris crashes don’t happen is to actually remove the debris instead of just marginally stopping how much new debris gets created (bucket example can be used in 2n). According to Rhimbassen, private appropriation is key to active debris removal, also known as ADR, the only real, long-term solution to debris,
Maria Lucas-Rhimbassen*, Cristiana Santos*, George Antony Long, Lucien Rapp* 2019, "Conceptual model for a profitable return on investment from space debris as abiotic space resource" https://chaire-sirius.eu/documents/c798f8-eucass-fp0602-1906190421.pdf Indeed, new technological initiatives evolving around ADR confirm the possibility of recycling space debris
AND
difficult, which may deter OOS efforts and ADR initiatives such as recyclers.
The recognition of collective vulnerability through the deployment of collective extinction cannot be used to justify the furtherance of colonialist practices without reinforcing the position of indigenity as non-life.
fruits, also means patience and signifies endurance as a natural and human virtue
2/20/22
SO21 - Set Col K
Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: William P Clements AK | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo Biopiracy is a problem that continues to steal and use indigenous knowledge for commercial benefit. McGonigle 16 McGonigle, Ian(PhD Candidate in Anthropology and Middle East Studies at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard University.) "Patenting nature or protecting culture? Ethnopharmacology and indigenous intellectual property rights" Journal of Law and the Biosciences, 6 February 2016. https://academic.oup.com/jlb/article/3/1/217/1751287 LHP NP In the 1990s, activists responded to the work of corporations negotiating trade contracts for access to the biological resources of developing countries using the term ‘biopiracy’ to describe the illegitimately deemed, and sometimes illegal, resource extraction that such companies engaged in. Since the 1990s, commercial drug development from natural products has subsided significantly. Today most ethnopharmacology research is conducted within academic institutions. For practicing ethnopharmacologists, sufficient modifications of a plant substance or traditional therapy for legal proprietorship are rather simple. This may be as little as an alteration to the chemical structure of the active compound of a medicine, a small inventive step, or the use of a semisynthetic chemical analog, a slightly modified version of the original compound. Perhaps, the most notable example of this kind of proprietorial move occurred in the case of the indigenous peasant farmers of rural Mexico (Oaxaca), who cultivated barbasco yams and sold them for use in the burgeoning Mexican pharmaceutical industry. The barbasco yam (Dioscorea Mexicana), also simply called the Mexican yam, produces the steroid compound diosgenin, which is a precursor for the synthesis of the female sex hormone, progesterone. These yams were instrumental in the development of the female contraceptive pill during the 1970s and 1980s. Peasants’ expert ecological know-how became publicly recognized through their central role in the bioscience development of Mexico, but in the 1990s, developments in synthetic chemistry made the wild yams redundant as a source, cutting out the peasants from the commercial networks and eliminating their role in the industry altogether. In this case, the drug product that the indigenous peasant farmers helped to produce ultimately led to their exclusion from downstream benefits. Rather than affording protection to indigenous knowledge and contribution, the law allows companies to cut off any rights of the bearers of the indigenous knowledge that initially made the development possible. The current international regime favors the interests of commercial parties that can develop a synthetic alternative. Protection of indigenous pharmacology is needed now, we cannot allow the threat of our current IPR system to continue the cycle of robbing indigenous knowledge. Ezeanya13 Ezeanya, Chika A.. "Contending Issues of Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Indigenous Knowledge of Pharmacology in Africa South of the Sahara." The Journal of Pan-African Studies 6 (2013): 24-43.LHP MS There is need for an appropriate global intellectual property system to protect against the misappropriation of Africa’s traditional knowledge by the West. Oguamanam (2004) argues that the present international system of IPR protection, especially the patent regime, benefits the ‘western scientific or biomedical model,’ and could be considered a threat to the continued existence and development of traditional medicine in Africa. The holistic approach of indigenous medical heritage is in stark contrast with conventional biomedical and intellectual property regimes. Therefore, the yardsticks of the western scientific knowledge when used in protecting indigenous medical knowledge would result in what Oguamanam calls, "an alien standard of validation based on a narrow epistemic genre- western science" (Oguamanam 2006, 34). There is an urgent need for the adoption of culturally oriented and sensitive approach toward the protection of African indigenous pharmacology.
Exploitation of indigenous knowledge reproduces settler logic or elimination. Ezeanya5
Ezeanya, Chika A.. "Contending Issues of Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Indigenous Knowledge of Pharmacology in Africa South of the Sahara." The Journal of Pan-African Studies 6 (2013): 24-43.LHP MS Indigenous knowledge is the variant of knowledge that is generated, and which resides within
AND
EASA, irrespective of what the results of our debate here might be.
The standard and role of the ballot is to center indigenous knowledge, creating indigenous empowerment while simultaneously intervening in colonizing structures. Wilson04
Wilson, Angela Cavender. "Introduction: Indigenous Knowledge Recovery Is Indigenous Empowerment." The American Indian Quarterly, vol. 28, no. 3, 2004, pp. 359–372., doi:10.1353/aiq.2004.0111. LHP MS Indigenous knowledge recovery is an anticolonial project.' It is a project that gains
AND
these ways may resolve some of the global crises facing all populations today.
On case
Innovation is back up – COVID and empirics prove – The Economist 20
"Drug Innovation Is Back in Fashion." The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, 23 May 2020, www.economist.com/leaders/2020/05/23/drug-innovation-is-back-in-fashion. LHP The pandemic has reminded the world of the industry’s strengths—its capacity to innovate
AND
6 year on year. Now medical innovation is back in fashion.
9/11/21
info
Tournament: info | Round: 1 | Opponent: info | Judge: info hey! cites not working, so just check os!