Lake Highland Agrawal Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Bronx | Doubles | Syosset LG | Panel |
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| Bronx | 1 | Albuquerque AK | Frenkel, Nathan |
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| Bronx | 4 | Unionville AS | Tanguturi, Nikita |
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| Bronx | 5 | George Washington EC | White, Darius |
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| Contact | 1 | NA | NA |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Westwood VL | Coln, Kassie |
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| Glenbrooks | 4 | Neg Acton-Boxborough SP | Wu, Jalyn |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | Homestead SL | Bukowsky, Holden |
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| Harvard | 1 | BASIS Independent Silicon | He, Eric |
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| Harvard | 3 | Fremont AK | Weiler, Reed |
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| Harvard | 5 | Livingston RB | Palmer, Jacob |
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| Princeton | 1 | Thomas Jefferson HSST AP | StPeter, Joshua |
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| Princeton | 4 | Hunter AI | Wrone, David |
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| Princeton | 5 | Stuyvesant LC | Zhou, Michael |
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| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Proof DR | Thorburn, Drew |
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| Yale | 3 | Durham BG | Lee, Andrew |
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| Yale | 1 | Lexington VM | Rao, Anand |
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| Yale | 5 | Sysosset LG | Lakshman, Rohit |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Bronx | Doubles | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Panel 1ac - data exclusivity |
| Bronx | 1 | Opponent: Albuquerque AK | Judge: Frenkel, Nathan 1ac - kant |
| Bronx | 4 | Opponent: Unionville AS | Judge: Tanguturi, Nikita 1ac - semiocap |
| Bronx | 5 | Opponent: George Washington EC | Judge: White, Darius 1ac - data exclusivity |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Westwood VL | Judge: Coln, Kassie 1ac - microwork |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | Opponent: Neg Acton-Boxborough SP | Judge: Wu, Jalyn 1ac - agonism |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden 1ac - agonism |
| Harvard | 1 | Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon | Judge: He, Eric 1ac - FALC |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Fremont AK | Judge: Weiler, Reed 1ac - hegel |
| Harvard | 5 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Palmer, Jacob 1ac - FALC |
| Princeton | 1 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson HSST AP | Judge: StPeter, Joshua 1ac - microwork |
| Princeton | 4 | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Wrone, David 1ac - Petit |
| Princeton | 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant LC | Judge: Zhou, Michael 1ac - microwork |
| Tournament of Champions | 1 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Thorburn, Drew 1ac - NFTs |
| Yale | 3 | Opponent: Durham BG | Judge: Lee, Andrew 1ac - Kant |
| Yale | 1 | Opponent: Lexington VM | Judge: Rao, Anand 1ac - data exclusivity |
| Yale | 5 | Opponent: Sysosset LG | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit 1ac - kant |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: Contact | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 2/19/22 |
1 - Theory - CondoTournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Fremont AK | Judge: Weiler, Reed Interp and violation: advocacies must not be conditional – theirs isVote aff to rectify a massive skew - ~a~ they force the 1ar to debate themselves, e.g. they can read a cp that solves heg and a heg impact turn on case means inevitably the 1ar has to contradict themselves - that allows the 2nr to always win b/c they cherry pick one of them ~b~ double bind - if i overcover the advocacies they just kick out of all my offense i make i.e turns/perms, which kills the time crunched 1ar, and if i undercover it they go for it. That also link turns education, we don't get any if they always win due to heavily under contested arguments. | 2/19/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury CommunismTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon | Judge: He, Eric Harvard r11acPart 1 – The Future of CapitalismSpace and asteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which scarcity and capitalist exploitation no longer exists, but capitalists manually create scarcity through rationing by claiming space to keep their power – BASTANI 19Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 16Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only FALC can solve international crises through utilizing space's abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 2Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 3,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative's horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS UVTheoryI don't take a stance on theory but if its coherent:1~ 1AR Theory Paradigm –Grant me it or else the neg can be infinitely abusiveCompeting interps because reasonability incentivizes defensive dumps to overwhelm the short 2arDrop the debater because the 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceNo RVIs or else 6 minutes in the 2n on theory makes the 2ar impossibleAnd 1AR theory outweighs –A~ I can't win on the neg shell and my shell in the 3-minute 2ar.B~ Epistemic indict – if the 1n was abusive I couldn't respond it, so you can't evaluate their args.2~ Aff RVIs –A~ The 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceB~ Reciprocity – The neg has access to T and theory, so we need an RVI and theory to compensate for your unique avenue to the ballot3~ Presumption and permissibility affirm because affirming is harder – that's the only implicationA~ 4 minute 1ar needs to answer 7 and hedge against 6 minute collapseB~ neg is reactionary and thus gets to tailorC~ empirics – there's a rigorous methodology and large sample size – Shah 1-29,~Sachin Shah "A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of the Transition to Online Tournaments in Lincoln-Douglas Debate by Sachin Shah." January 29, 2021, http://nsdupdate.com/2021/a-statistical-analysis-of-the-impact-of-the-transition-to-online-tournaments-in-lincoln-douglas-debate-by-sachin-shah/~~ If we are tied on the flow I did the better debating to overcome the skew.4~ Reasonability with a brightline of structural abuse on neg interps –A~ time crunched 1ar means generating offense is super hardB~ err aff else I always lose to bidirectional interps like specC~ substantive abuse is an intrinsic part of debate used to get ahead, only structural abuse creates actual skews | 2/18/22 |
JF22 - AC - Fully Automated Luxury Communism v2Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Livingston RB | Judge: Palmer, Jacob Part 1 – The Future of CapitalismSpace and asteroid mining opens up the possibility of a utopian world of luxury in which scarcity and capitalist exploitation no longer exists, but capitalists manually create scarcity through rationing by claiming space to keep their power – BASTANI 19Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Thus, I affirm the resolution, resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. The aff fiats enforcement of the Outer Space Treaty through the mechanism of the Madrid Protocol, making space socialized and orienting us under a unified horizon towards space communism, Bastani 2,Bastani, A. (2019). ~British journalist and writer. He co-founded the left-wing media organisation Novara Media in 2011, and has hosted and co-hosted many of its podcasts and videos, Bastani has also written for The Guardian, London Review of Books, openDemocracy and Vice, and is known for his Twitter activity., t the Royal Holloway, University of London, Bastani completed a PhD.~ Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. We are on the brink of a post-scarcity world for the rich, where they will no longer need us for their luxuries. If dictated by the capitalist regime through private appropriation, a post-scarcity world would mean the extermination of the working-class, FRASE 16Frase, P. (2016). Four futures: Life after capitalism. Verso books LHP HL + LHP AB Part 2 – Apocalypse NowTechnology and infinite supply will either save the collective or kill it. Only once we escape cap can we solve international crises through utilizing space's abundant resources to support the Earth, not destroy it, BASTANI 3Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization of capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 With the abundance of outer space and new technologies, it is possible achieve a new communism characterized by international luxury. Only a communist, populous politics that deviates from traditional capitalist usage of technology and resources can solve capitalism while ensuring green living. BASTANI 4,Bastani, A. (2019). Fully automated luxury communism. Verso Books. Part 3 – Luxury PopulismAnti-capitalism must learn to compete with capitalism in the realm of desire, taking existing capitalist structures like the state and repurposing them to create Marxist possibility. Thus, we must transform our libidinal desires and direction of thought against capitalism – the aff does this through a unified horizon towards FALC – Heron:Heron, Kai. "Journal of the Marxist Literary Group." Mediations, https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/still-a-world. LHP PS The role of the ballot is fidelity to the truth – unified dedication to a shared horizon is liberatory – the affirmative's horizon is FALC, Dean 19:Dean, Jodi. Comrade: An essay on political belonging. Verso, 2019. LHP BT + LHP PS And, space optimism is key to resisting capitalism – it goes against dominant capitalist narratives and enables a unified social movement against capitalism, Levin 21,Annie Levin, 16 Aug 2021, https://christiansocialism.com/space-travel-capitalism-communism-fully-automated-luxury-dsa/ LHP AB TheoryI don't take a stance on theory but if its coherent:1~ 1AR Theory Paradigm –Grant me it or else the neg can be infinitely abusiveCompeting interps because reasonability incentivizes defensive dumps to overwhelm the short 2arDrop the debater because the 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceNo RVIs or else 6 minutes in the 2n on theory makes the 2ar impossible | 2/19/22 |
JF22 - AC - HegelTournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Fremont AK | Judge: Weiler, Reed Harvard r31ac philFWEthics must not only explain what a good action is but why agents ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself – even if life is abstractly good I can question why I as a human have an obligation to commit myself to this goodness. This means ethics must be derived from what is constitutive of a subject, so they can't choose to reject it, and that is practical reason – Ferrero 09,Ferrero, Luca. "Constitutivism and the Inescapability of Agency," 2009. LHPYA However, human beings as subjects are rational but also sensible. While rationality decides, sensibility provides the choices between which rationality can choose from, making it intrinsic to agency as well – Gobsch 14Wolfram Gobsch, The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love to Overcome It, 2014, LHP AM RECUT LHP YA This means subjectivity is not simply one or the other, but rather the duality between sensibility and rationality. Furthermore, agency can only be properly exercised collectively.As agents we apply our rationality to what our sensibility can access to generate our particular conception of the moral law. But sensibility is obviously limited and each person experiences the world differently. This means each individual's commitment to the true moral law demands mutual recognition of other agents and their unconditional worth. We must build our understanding of the moral law through combining our particular understandings of it. Gobsch 2:Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community," 2014 LHP AV RECUT LHPYA Thus, the standard is consistency with the mutual recognition through the ethical comunity. Prefer it,1~ The common conception of 'natural rights' is wrong – natural laws are causal and say nothing about freedom or rights. The simple potential to do something is not the same as the established and protected right or freedom to do it. Instead, rights are only created through the production of a legal, ethical community – Schroeder 05:Schroeder, Jeanne L. "Unnatural rights: Hegel and intellectual property." U. Miami L. Rev. 60 (2005): 453. 2~ The ethical community is also key to developing self-respect and allowing for claims to human rights, and it demands participation from its people – Buchwalter,Buchwalter, Andrew. "Hegel, Human Rights, and Political Membership." 3~ Only the ethical community enables us to overcome any evil, without it no method or theory can exist because humans take advantage of their situation and refuse to adhere to it Gobsch 3:Wolfram Gobsch, "The Idea of an Ethical Community," 2014 LHP AV ContentionHegel affirms –1~ Making claims to things in space which are external to the scope of the ethical community falls prey to the absolute injustice of the state of nature protected against by the community making it definitionally unjust – also unilateral appropriation even within the state is unjust.Stilz (Anna Stilz, Anna Stilz is Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the University Center for Human Values. Her research focuses on questions of political membership, authority and political obligation, nationalism and self-determination, rights to land and territory, and collective agency. , 2009, accessed on 12-18-2021, Muse.jhu, "Project MUSE - Liberal Loyalty", https://muse.jhu.edu/book/30179)//phs st 2~ The current status of the ethical community entails that space is publicly owned making private appropriation unjust – even if civil disobedience is good we must hold to our current conceptions of justice while the community undergoes change – Tronchetti 07:Tronchetti, Fabio. "The Non-Appropriation Principle under Attack: Using Article II of the Outer Space Treaty in its Defence." International Institute of Space Law 50 (2007): 10. LHP PS UVNormative TTThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don't articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories while retaining topic ed. That outweighs on constitutivism – LD debate is uniquely a values debate which means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussion3~ Collapses – A~ any framing presupposes a motivation to vote one way or another which means all framings concede the validity of normativity B~ Ethics comes prior to logical truth, Peirce 02:CS Peirce, "CP 2.198" 1902, https://colorysemiotica.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/peirce-collectedpapers.pdf LHP AV Theory1~ 1AR Theory Paradigm –Grant me it or else the neg can be infinitely abusiveCompeting interps because reasonability incentivizes defensive dumps to overwhelm the short 2arDrop the debater because the 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceNo RVIs or else 6 minutes in the 2n on theory makes the 2ar impossibleAnd 1AR theory outweighs –A~ I can't win on the neg shell and my shell in the 3-minute 2ar.B~ Epistemic indict – if the 1n was abusive I couldn't respond it, so you can't evaluate their args.2~ Fairness first –A~ testing – if an argument is abusive I can't engage properly so you can't evaluate the truth claimsB~ proximity – the ballot can't alter subjectivity or grant education but voting actually solves fairness impactsC~ the ballot says vote for the better debater not the better cheater which is a metaconstraint3~ Aff RVIs –A~ The 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceB~ Reciprocity – The neg has access to T and theory, so we need an RVI and theory to compensate for your unique avenue to the ballot4~ Presumption and permissibility affirm because affirming is harder – that's the only implicationA~ 4 minute 1ar needs to answer 7 and hedge against 6 minute collapseB~ neg is reactionary and thus gets to tailor | 2/19/22 |
ND21 - AC - AgonismTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Neg Acton-Boxborough SP | Judge: Wu, Jalyn Glenbrooks r41ACFrameworkThe meta-ethic is moral pluralism – ethics can't be defined universally rather conflicting ethical viewpoints have equal ethical worth – prefer:First, ethics are based in language - It creates out ability to think and makes us agents – life outside language is deterministic and without morality - Pettit 09:Phillip Pettit. Made With Words, Hobbes on Language, Mind, and Politics. 2009. http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt7rp73.3 LHPYA Language is structurally negative and doesn't refer to reality – if I say I saw an oak tree you know I didn't see a car or person but you can't visualize what I did see – since our rationality is based in language truth is created by individuals rather than extrinsically found but that creates infinite violence over meaning creation - Parrish:Derrida`s Economy of Violence in Hobbes` Social Contract, Richard Parrish However, the world doesn't simply exist in irresolvable plurality. Pluralism creates constitutive competition over power within society. Only agonistic pluralism is capable of recognizing this and maintaining politics and ethics without arbitrarily granting power to certain groups by prioritizing their viewpoints. That means recognizing the Other's right to their own ideas without labeling them an enemy to destroy – Mouffe 2k:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") LHP YA
Thus, the standard is consistency with agonistic pluralism.Impact Calc:A~ There are 3 ways states can orient themselves with the us/them distinction: First, universality, in which they falsely deny the distinction's existence, second, antagonism, in which you try to destroy the other, and third, agonism in which you accept the others' difference. Since the resolution is a question of how states should interact, the only way to deny my framework is to prove either antagonism or false universality is better than agonism.B~ Agonism posits the conditions for truth construction – that means it functions as a metaethical constraint on other ethics and they aren't competitive with our principle.Prefer the standard:1~ Actor specificity – the resolution is a question of what an ideal state ought to do - the state necessitates the paradox of exclusion — the necessary determination of who belongs to the state requires the exclusion of who doesn't while including everyone makes exercising rights impossible - Mouffe 2:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") 2~ K Solvency –A~ Only a state that accepts opposing views can ever be open to radical revision – other systems insist on their own foundation and can't accommodate changing views that make them exclusionary or illegitimate. Controls the internal link to other evaluative mechanisms: agonism makes it possible to implement them AND be receptive of the demands of justice to comeB~ Controls the internal link to all K alts and radical politics – the ability to speak out and fight for particular reforms is guaranteed by the agonistic mindset – alternatives shut down the collective ability to communicate to others to advance that agenda.C~ Mobilization requires pragmatic demands - Mouffe 16:Shahid, Waleed. "America in Populist Times: An Interview With Chantal Mouffe." The Nation, 15 Dec. 2016, www.thenation.com/article/archive/america-in-populist-times-an-interview-with-chantal-mouffe/. LHPYA 3~ Rule-following – there's no correct interpretation of a rule, so only agonism is legitimate – it opens up spaces for diverse interpretations, Mouffe 4:Chantal Mouffe, ~Chantal Mouffe (French: ~muf~; born 17 June 1943)~1~ is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.~2~ She is best known for her contribution to the development—jointly with Ernesto Laclau, with whom she co-authored Hegemony and Socialist Strategy—of the so-called Essex School of discourse analysis,~3~~4~ a type of post-Marxist political inquiry drawing on Gramsci, post-structuralism and theories of identity, and redefining Leftist politics in terms of radical democracy. Her highest cited publication is Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.~5~ She is also the author of influential works on agonistic political theory, including Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically and The Democratic Paradox.~ 2000, "The Democratic Paradox" LHP AV 4~ Performativity – debate assumes that difference exists, which is specifically true for switch side debate, and debate must protect the right to disagree without being targeted for your difference to ensure safety. That is a constitutive necessity of discourse spaces that outweighs on a pre and post fiat layer.A~ it is specific to the judge's obligation in the debate space, not just educational spaceB~ switch side debate could not exist without agonism, making it a pre-requisite to being in debate in the first placeOffensePlan: Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except for police workers. I'm willing to clarify to meet neg interps in cross – Nolan 20:Nolan , Hamilton. "It's Time to Kick Police Unions out of the Labor Movement. They Aren't Allies | Hamilton Nolan." The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 13 June 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/13/police-unions-afl-cio-labor-movement?ref=hvper.com. LHP PS Recognizing the right to strike allows workers to engage in a form of violence, but one that can remain in the control of the state, and not escalate out of control of the law. Crepon and Bez 19:Crépon, Marc, and Micol Bez. "The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence"." Critical Times 2.2 (2019): 252-260.
That links to my framework – objectivity is impossible so procedures for agonism have to be institutionalized, Mouffe 6:Chantal Mouffe, ~Chantal Mouffe (French: ~muf~; born 17 June 1943)~1~ is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.~2~ She is best known for her contribution to the development—jointly with Ernesto Laclau, with whom she co-authored Hegemony and Socialist Strategy—of the so-called Essex School of discourse analysis,~3~~4~ a type of post-Marxist political inquiry drawing on Gramsci, post-structuralism and theories of identity, and redefining Leftist politics in terms of radical democracy. Her highest cited publication is Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.~5~ She is also the author of influential works on agonistic political theory, including Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically and The Democratic Paradox.~ 2000, "The Democratic Paradox" LHP AV ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don't articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate wshich means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.Underview1~ 1ar theory paradigm –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ competing interps – 1ar interps aren't bidirectional and reasonability incentivizes brute force defensive dumps | 11/21/21 |
ND21 - AC - Agonism v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Bukowsky, Holden Glenbrooks r61ACFrameworkThe meta-ethic is moral pluralism – ethics can't be defined universally rather conflicting ethical viewpoints have equal ethical worth – prefer:First, ethics are based in language - It creates out ability to think and makes us agents – life outside language is deterministic and without morality - Pettit 09:Phillip Pettit. Made With Words, Hobbes on Language, Mind, and Politics. 2009. http://www.jstor.com/stable/j.ctt7rp73.3 LHPYA Language is structurally negative and doesn't refer to reality – if I say I saw an oak tree you know I didn't see a car or person but you can't visualize what I did see – since our rationality is based in language truth is created by individuals rather than extrinsically found but that creates infinite violence over meaning creation - Parrish:Derrida`s Economy of Violence in Hobbes` Social Contract, Richard Parrish However, the world doesn't simply exist in irresolvable plurality. Pluralism creates constitutive competition over power within society. Only agonistic pluralism is capable of recognizing this and maintaining politics and ethics without arbitrarily granting power to certain groups by prioritizing their viewpoints. That means recognizing the Other's right to their own ideas without labeling them an enemy to destroy – Mouffe 2k:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") LHP YA
Thus, the standard is consistency with agonistic pluralism.Impact Calc:A~ There are 3 ways states can orient themselves with the us/them distinction: First, universality, in which they falsely deny the distinction's existence, second, antagonism, in which you try to destroy the other, and third, agonism in which you accept the others' difference. Since the resolution is a question of how states should interact, the only way to deny my framework is to prove either antagonism or false universality is better than agonism.B~ Agonism posits the conditions for truth construction – that means it functions as a metaethical constraint on other ethics and they aren't competitive with our principle.Prefer the standard:1~ Actor specificity – the resolution is a question of what an ideal state ought to do - the state necessitates the paradox of exclusion — the necessary determination of who belongs to the state requires the exclusion of who doesn't while including everyone makes exercising rights impossible - Mouffe 2:(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox") 2~ K Solvency –A~ Only a state that accepts opposing views can ever be open to radical revision – other systems insist on their own foundation and can't accommodate changing views that make them exclusionary or illegitimate. Controls the internal link to other evaluative mechanisms: agonism makes it possible to implement them AND be receptive of the demands of justice to comeB~ Controls the internal link to all K alts and radical politics – the ability to speak out and fight for particular reforms is guaranteed by the agonistic mindset – alternatives shut down the collective ability to communicate to others to advance that agenda.C~ Mobilization requires pragmatic demands - Mouffe 16:Shahid, Waleed. "America in Populist Times: An Interview With Chantal Mouffe." The Nation, 15 Dec. 2016, www.thenation.com/article/archive/america-in-populist-times-an-interview-with-chantal-mouffe/. LHPYA 3~ Performativity – debate assumes that difference exists, which is specifically true for switch side debate, and debate must protect the right to disagree without being targeted for your difference to ensure safety. That is a constitutive necessity of discourse spaces that outweighs on a pre and post fiat layer.A~ it is specific to the judge's obligation in the debate space, not just educational spaceB~ switch side debate could not exist without agonism, making it a pre-requisite to being in debate in the first placeOffensePlan: Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except for police workers. I'm willing to clarify to meet neg interps in cross – Nolan 20:Nolan , Hamilton. "It's Time to Kick Police Unions out of the Labor Movement. They Aren't Allies | Hamilton Nolan." The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 13 June 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/13/police-unions-afl-cio-labor-movement?ref=hvper.com. LHP PS Recognizing the right to strike allows workers to engage in a form of violence, but one that can remain in the control of the state, and not escalate out of control of the law. Crepon and Bez 19:Crépon, Marc, and Micol Bez. "The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence"." Critical Times 2.2 (2019): 252-260.
That links to my framework – objectivity is impossible so procedures for agonism have to be institutionalized, Mouffe 6:Chantal Mouffe, ~Chantal Mouffe (French: ~muf~; born 17 June 1943)~1~ is a Belgian political theorist, formerly teaching at University of Westminster.~2~ She is best known for her contribution to the development—jointly with Ernesto Laclau, with whom she co-authored Hegemony and Socialist Strategy—of the so-called Essex School of discourse analysis,~3~~4~ a type of post-Marxist political inquiry drawing on Gramsci, post-structuralism and theories of identity, and redefining Leftist politics in terms of radical democracy. Her highest cited publication is Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics.~5~ She is also the author of influential works on agonistic political theory, including Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically and The Democratic Paradox.~ 2000, "The Democratic Paradox" LHP AV MethodForms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in undercommon communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change – Dean 13:"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM ROBThe role of the ballot is to evaluate the truth or falsity of the resolution through a normatively justified framework via fair, safe, and educational arguments. no tricks, yes phil and yes theory. Prefer it –1~ Reciprocity – normative frameworks provide a reciprocal burden of justifying an obligation with the ability to turn them – other frameworks are arbitrarily impact exclusive and don't articulate a 1-1 burden2~ Philosophy – only our role of the ballot incentivizes nuanced discussions over the interactions of different ethical theories. That comes first –A~ constitutivism – LD debate is a values debate wshich means the intrinsic purpose of the activity is philosophical discussionB~ hijacks any voter – the question of why those are good relies on philosophical justification, ie constitutivism or something.Underview1~ 1ar theory paradigm –A~ the aff gets it – otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ drop the debater because the 1ar is too short to win theory and substanceC~ no RVIs – the 2nr has enough time and the 2ar needs strategic flexibilityD~ competing interps – 1ar interps aren't bidirectional and reasonability incentivizes brute force defensive dumps | 11/21/21 |
ND21 - AC - MicroworkTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood VL | Judge: Coln, Kassie Glenbrooks r2Part 1 – The Capitalist InfosphereCapitalism has evolved. In the infosphere, workers are no longer hired, but bought as packets of time, disconnected from any collectivity and without labor relations. No longer people, they are machines to the capitalist system. Only through an existential continuity of the comrade is solvency possible, Berardi 11:Franco Berardi, "After The Future," 2011 Only the collective can control the subjectivity and power necessary to have existential continuity and solve cap. This is contrary to capitalist logic, which suppresses the crowd in favor of individualism. Dean 16:Jodl Dean, "Crowds and Party" 2016 LHP AV Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 Part 2 – MicroworkMicrowork preys on the marginalized – individuals label data and do scattered freelance tasks key to the existence of the wealthy tech companies responsible for their displacement under a brutal capitalist system – Jones 21,Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Micro and platform workers striking would crush big tech's power over the masses – however, companies, aided by current national structures, stifle any opportunity for this, Jones 2:Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Platform and micro-work functions to evade legal protections by situating workers in a third zone of sub-employment as neither workers nor non-workers. All future labor rights including striking depend on the firm classification of micro-work as work.Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of platform and micro-workers to strike. This is the only way to firmly assert their status as workers rather than fragmented surplus populations, raising their class consciousness along with providing tools for resistance Leterme and AnneDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB CONTINUESDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB Part 3 – The ComradeThe relationship of the comrade – one oriented toward a better future – provides the means necessary for organization to solve capitalism and create any coherent resistance movements, Dean 19:JODI DEAN, January 18, 2019, "Capitalism is the End of the World" https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world LHP AV Thus, the role of the ballot is promoting the politics of the comrade – a new relation towards an emancipatory future. This is a pre-fiat methodological resistance strategy that applies to debate. | 11/20/21 |
ND21 - AC - Microwork v2Tournament: Princeton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Thomas Jefferson HSST AP | Judge: StPeter, Joshua Princeton r1Part 1 – The Capitalist InfosphereCapitalism has evolved. In the infosphere, workers are no longer hired, but bought as packets of time, disconnected from any collectivity and without labor relations. No longer people, they are machines to the capitalist system. Only through an existential continuity of the comrade is solvency possible, Berardi 11:Franco Berardi, "After The Future," 2011 ~philosopher~ LHP AB Only the collective can control the subjectivity and power necessary to have existential continuity and solve cap. This is contrary to capitalist logic, which suppresses the crowd in favor of individualism. Dean 16:Jodl Dean, "Crowds and Party" 2016 LHP AV Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 Part 2 – MicroworkMicrowork preys on the marginalized – individuals label data and do scattered freelance tasks key to the existence of the wealthy tech companies responsible for their displacement under a brutal capitalist system – Jones 21,Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Micro and platform workers striking would crush big tech's power over the masses – however, companies, aided by current national structures, stifle any opportunity for this, Jones 2Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Platform and micro-work functions to evade legal protections by situating workers in a third zone of sub-employment as neither workers nor non-workers. All future labor rights including striking depend on the firm classification of micro-work as work.Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of platform and micro-workers to strike. This is the only way to firmly assert their status as workers rather than fragmented surplus populations, raising their class consciousness along with providing tools for resistance Leterme and AnneDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB CONTINUESDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB Part 3 – The ComradeThe relationship of the comrade – one oriented toward a better future – provides the means necessary for organization to solve capitalism and create any coherent resistance movements, Dean 19:JODI DEAN, January 18, 2019, "Capitalism is the End of the World" https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world LHP AV Thus, the role of the ballot is promoting the politics of the comrade – a new relation towards an emancipatory future. This is a pre-fiat methodological resistance strategy that applies to debate.Independently:~1~ Forms of fragmented politics completely cedes the political to capitalism. Engagement in under common communication is too individualized and resists collective and concrete change. This constitutes enjoyment of melancholic pleasures of being distanced and accommodated to the real world, and as a result remains stuck in parasitic oppression without change. Dean 13:"Communist Desire", Jodi Dean, , 2013, LHP AM | 12/3/21 |
ND21 - AC - Microwork v3Tournament: Princeton | Round: 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant LC | Judge: Zhou, Michael Princeton r5Part 1 – The Capitalist InfosphereCapitalism has evolved. In the infosphere, workers are no longer hired, but bought as packets of time, disconnected from any collectivity and without labor relations. No longer people, they are machines to the capitalist system. Only through an existential continuity of the comrade is solvency possible, Berardi 11:Franco Berardi, "After The Future," 2011 ~philosopher~ LHP AB Only the collective can control the subjectivity and power necessary to have existential continuity and solve cap. This is contrary to capitalist logic, which suppresses the crowd in favor of individualism. Dean 16:Jodl Dean, "Crowds and Party" 2016 LHP AV Capitalism is a death cult and the apocalypse is already happening. Without an unshakable commitment to the total and complete rejection of the fetishization capitalist value, we will all die like the dinosaurs, Allinson 21Allinson, J. (2021). The tragedy of the worker: towards the proletarocene. Verso Books. pg 8-17 Part 2 – MicroworkMicrowork preys on the marginalized – individuals label data and do scattered freelance tasks key to the existence of the wealthy tech companies responsible for their displacement under a brutal capitalist system – Jones 21,Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Micro and platform workers striking would crush big tech's power over the masses – however, companies, aided by current national structures, stifle any opportunity for this, Jones 2Jones, Phil. (Phil Jones is a researcher for the think tank Autonomy. He regularly writes for publications such as the London Review of Books, the Guardian, the New Statesman and Novara Media). Work Without the Worker: Labour in the Age of Platform Capitalism. Verso Books, 2021. LHP AB Platform and micro-work functions to evade legal protections by situating workers in a third zone of sub-employment as neither workers nor non-workers. All future labor rights including striking depend on the firm classification of micro-work as work.Thus, the plan: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of platform and micro-workers to strike. This is the only way to firmly assert their status as workers rather than fragmented surplus populations, raising their class consciousness along with providing tools for resistance Leterme and AnneDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB CONTINUESDufresne, Anne, and Cédric Leterme. "App Workers United." The Left in the European Parliament, European Parliamentary Group, Jan. 2021, https://mirador-multinationales.be/IMG/pdf/study_empl_version_finale_en.pdf. LHP AB Part 3 – The ComradeThe relationship of the comrade – one oriented toward a better future – provides the means necessary for organization to solve capitalism and create any coherent resistance movements, Dean 19:JODI DEAN, January 18, 2019, "Capitalism is the End of the World" https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/end-of-world LHP AV Thus, the role of the ballot is promoting the politics of the comrade – a new relation towards an emancipatory future. This is a pre-fiat methodological resistance strategy that applies to debate.Independently:~1~ Successful revolutions have never asked for a complete clean break—the only way to make radical change is through a process of finding a target and building a movement. – Malm 21:Malm, Andreas. "We Must Nationalise Total." Versobooks.com, 2021, https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/5168-we-must-nationalise-total. | 12/4/21 |
ND21 - AC - PetitTournament: Princeton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Wrone, David Princeton r4FrameworkI affirm the Resolution resolved: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike.For clarification in the round, I offer the following definitions.Unconditional Right is defined by Reverso dictionary as "the agent doing or giving does not require anything to be done by others"Strike is defined by Merriam-Webster as "a period of time when workers stop work in order to force an employer to agree to their demands" Just Government is defined by JJ Richardson as "Just laws that protect people from unjust harm from others"I value morality as the word ought in the resolution implies a moral obligation.First, freedom is the primary moral good – when someone decides to do anything, they presume what they do is good. This requires that they treat the freedom which grants them the ability to do that thing as good as well. Gewirth writes,~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ Next, there are two models of freedom—the non-interference model and the non-domination model. The non-interference model holds that a person's freedom is violated if they are actually interfered with, while the non-domination model holds that a person's freedom is violated if someone has the capacity to arbitrarily interfere in their life. Thus, my value criterion is consistency with freedom as non-domination, defined as establishing institutional constraints that eliminate the capacity for arbitrary interference. Prefer it for 2 major pieces of evidence:1~ The non-interference model is an insufficient understanding of freedom which cannot grasp many important issues such as why slavery is bad even if a slave master is kind, and it also cannot explain why it is okay to interfere on someone's freedom if it is agreed on before-hand, such as me agreeing to the rules of this very tournament allowing you to stop me from speaking past my time limit. Pettit writes:Philip Pettit, "Legitimacy and Justice in Republican Perspective" Current Legal Problems, 2012 RE Recut LHP AV 2~ Prefer it to resist oppression – domination as a condition takes away a person's status as human – categorical dehumanization is created by communal recognition of domination, which makes it our primary ethical obligation to prevent oppression and therefore domination. Pettit 4:PETTIT, PHILIP. "THE DOMINATION COMPLAINT." Nomos, vol. 46, 2005, pp. 87–117. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24220143. Accessed 19 Aug. 2020. The primary reason why the complaint about being dominated is of the first significance is that domination almost invariably undermines a person's capacity to enjoy respect in this sense. Where one person dominates another, it is almost bound to be a matter of common awareness among the people involved, and among other relevant parties, that this domination exists. The question as to whether someone is dominated by another is one that will interest all those involved, after all, and the answer to that question will be obvious in most cases from the sorts of resources they control relative to that other. Thus we may expect most people to recognize domination when they see it, and this in turn being obvious, to recognize that others will recognize it too, thereby giving rise to the usual hierarchy of common awareness; each will believe that the person is dominated, each will believe that each believes this, and so on.21 Once it is recognized as a matter of common awareness that someone is dominated, however, then that person will no longer be able to enjoy the basic respect that we think personhood entitles him to. He will no longer have the sort of voice that can be reliably forthright, or can be expected to be forthright. He will always be under suspicion of playing to the audience of the powerful and never having anything worthwhile to say in his own right. Dominated subjects of this kind may not be ignored or dismissed outright: they may be treated magnanimously to the trap pings of respect. But they will not command respect; they will receive it only in the manner of supplicants. They may be treated as if they had the status of persons, so we might put it, but they will not really have that status. Being a person is inseparable from earning and receiving respect as of right—as of effective, not just formal right—and in their case there will be no question of earning or receiving as of right. What they receive, they will receive only as a gift—only by grace of the powerful. This line of thought is a familiar and recurrent one in republican thought. It is worth mentioning in connection with it that Kant, the great philosopher of respect and personhood, seems to have shaped many of his ideas on that subject in his reflections on Rousseau's Social Contract, itself a book that belongs at least among the apocrypha of the republican tradition. The point is emphasized by J. B. Schneewind, who quotes Kant as saying: "It is not all one under what title I get something. What properly belongs to me must not be accorded to me merely as something I ask for."22 Schneewind comments: "If nothing is properly mine except what someone graciously gives me, I am forever dependent on how the donor feels toward me. My independence as an autonomous being is threatened. Only if I can claim the others have to give me what is mine by right can this be avoided."23 Given the connection between enjoying respect as a person and not being subject to domination, there is every reason to treat the complaint of being dominated as extremely significant. What more serious complaint could there be than one that draws attention to a relationship in virtue of which one's very standing as a person who can command the attention and respect of others is put in jeopardy? This is no mere trifle to do with having one's nose put out of joint, or one's feathers ruffled. It is a complaint of the first moment. Let some people be dominated and to that extent they will be put out of any community that involves those who dominate. They may aspire to community with such others and their presence may even be tolerated among those others. But they will always cut somewhat sorry or comic figures, and will always invite only condescension or contempt. They will have no more standing, in a somewhat archaic image, than dogs that cower at their masters' feet or snuggle that up their mistress's skirt.
| 12/4/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data ExclusivityTournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington VM | Judge: Rao, Anand | 9/18/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data Exclusivity v2Tournament: Bronx | Round: 5 | Opponent: George Washington EC | Judge: White, Darius | 11/21/21 |
SO21 - AC - Data Exclusivity v3Tournament: Bronx | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Syosset LG | Judge: Panel Bronx dubs1acPlan====Plan Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce data exclusivity intellectual property protections for medicines through TRIPs – Diependaele 17 ==== Medicine PricesData exclusivity massively raises medicine prices.====Statistically proven – multiple models agree that impacts are significant and consistent, range of empirical examples as well – Palmedo 21==== Impacts:1~ They directly push people into povertyHoban 10 Rose Hoban 9-13-2010 "High Cost of Medicine Pushes More People into Poverty" https://www.voanews.com/science-health/high-cost-medicine-pushes-more-people-poverty (spent more than six years as the health reporter for North Carolina Public Radio – WUNC, where she covered health care, state health policy, science and research with a focus on public health issues. She left to start North Carolina Health News after watching many of her professional peers leave or be laid off of their jobs, leaving NC with few people to cover this complicated and important topic. ALSO cites Laurens Niens who is a Health Researcher at Erasmus University Rotterdam)Elmer 2~ High drug prices force patients to go underground for drugs.Bryant 11 Clifton Bryant 2011 "The Routledge Handbook of Deviant Behaviour" (former professor of sociology at VA Tech)Elmer Recut LHP AB ====Counterfeit drugs kill millions –==== InsulinData Exclusivity skyrockets insulin prices – Palmedo 21
The graph shows how insulin prices have hugely increased in a short span b/c of data exclusivity – will further increase with more exclusivity.Insulin price gouging makes an essential medicine unaffordable – that causes diabetics to skip/ration doses, skimp on necessities, or die trying.Barker 20 ~Erin M Barker, Executive Editor at the Campbell Law Review with a JD, 2020, "When Market Forces Fail: The Case for Federal Regulation of Insulin Prices," Campbell Law Review, https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/camplr42andi=331~~/Kankee Reducing IP protection for insulin increases innovation – it stops redundant research and competitionEmily 20 ~Emily Hanson, JD Candidate at the University of Georgia School of Law, 2020, "Economic Burdens of Life: Trade Secrecy and the Insulin Pricing Crisis in the United States," Journal of Intellectual Property Law, https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1457andcontext=jipl~~/Kankee FrameworkPain and pleasure are intrinsically valuable – to justify beyond that runs into moral incoherence. Moen 16,Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being. It's hedonistic act util.MethodThe role of the ballot should be a critical pedagogy of hope centering around formulating concrete alternatives to existing conditions. AmslerAmsler, Sarah S. 2007 "Pedagogy against "dis-utopia": From conscientization to the education of desire." Activists must learn to speak the language of TRIPS to avoid big ideas sliding back into the status quo – Halbert 05:Halbert, Debora. "Globalization (2005)." Globalized Resistance to Intellectual Property, 2005, globalization.icaap.org/content/v5.2/halbert.html. LHP PS Successful revolutions have never asked for a complete clean break—the only way to make radical change is through a process of finding a target and building a movement. – Malm 21:Malm, Andreas. "We Must Nationalise Total." Versobooks.com, 2021, https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/5168-we-must-nationalise-total. | 10/17/21 |
SO21 - AC - KantTournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Durham BG | Judge: Lee, Andrew Yale r31acfwThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can't equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that's what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch_andrew_1992_Immanuel_Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical oneOffensePlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual's actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified while a lack of scarcity makes them unnecessary,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch_andrew_1992_Immanuel_Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 UVEvaluate intent not consequences –1~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Induction is circular since it is only justified because it worked in the past, which is just induction. That means attempts to predict consequences have no justification, and only the rational decisions behind actions can be evaluated.3~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murderer – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takeTheory1~ 1AR Theory Paradigm –Grant me it or else the neg can be infinitely abusiveCompeting interps because reasonability incentivizes defensive dumps to overwhelm the short 2arDrop the debater because the 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceNo RVIs or else 6 minutes in the 2n on theory makes the 2ar impossibleAnd 1AR theory outweighs –A~ I can't win on the neg shell and my shell in the 3-minute 2ar.B~ Epistemic indict – if the 1n was abusive I couldn't respond it, so you can't evaluate their args.2~ Fairness first –A~ testing – if an argument is abusive I can't engage properly so you can't evaluate the truth claimsB~ proximity – the ballot can't alter subjectivity or grant education but voting actually solves fairness impactsC~ the ballot says vote for the better debater not the better cheater which is a metaconstraintMethodAny resistance to systemic injustice must be based on a comprehensive normative theory which determines what the best response to specific injustices are – 4 warrants – Laurence,Laurence, Ben. "The Priority of Ideal Theory." PDF File. LHPYA 1arFollow-on innovation killed, also raises prices. Gurgala 20,Gurgula, Olga. "Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies–Should Competition Law Intervene?." IIC-International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 51.9 (2020): 1062-1085. LHP YA | 9/18/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v2Tournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sysosset LG | Judge: Lakshman, Rohit Yale r51acfwThe meta-ethic is practical reason.A~ Bindingness – Any obligation must not only tell us what is good, but why we ought to be good or else agents can reject the value of goodness itself. That means ethics must start with what is constitutive of agents since it traces obligations to features that are intrinsic to being an agent – as an agent you must follow certain rules. Only practical agency is constitutive since agents can use rationality to decide against other values but the act of deciding to reject practical agency engages in it.B~ Action theory – every moral analysis requires an action to evaluate, but actions are infinitely divisible into smaller meaningless movements. The act of stealing can be reduced to going to a house, entering, grabbing things, and leaving, all of which are distinct actions without moral value. Only the practical decision to steal ties these actions together to give them any moral value.That justifies universalizability.A~ The principle of equality is true since anything else assigns moral value to contingent factors like identity and justifies racism, and the principle of non-contradiction is true since 2+2 can't equal 4 for me and not for you meaning ethical statements true for one must be true for all.B~ Is ought gap – experience only tells us what is since that's what we perceive, not what ought to be. But it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory. Applying reason to a priori truth results in universal obligations.This requires a system of property – mere empirical possession is insufficient and contrary to freedom, Hogdson 10:Louis Philippe Hogdson, 2010, "Kant on Property Rights and the State" http://www.yorku.ca/lhodgson/kant-on-property-rights-and.pdf LHP AV However, we are rational and impulsive – this nonideal situation requires a state with coercive authority that secures equal outer freedom and property, Koch 92:*bracketed for gendered language* Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch_andrew_1992_Immanuel_Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 Thus, the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms. Prefer additionally,1~ An intrinsic feature to any action is the acceptance of the goodness of universal freedom, Gewirth 84 bracketed for grammar and gendered language~Alan Gewirth, () "The Ontological Basis of Natural Law: A Critique and an Alternative" American Journal Of Jurisprudence: Vol. 29: Iss. 1 Article 5, 1984, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ajj/vol29/iss1/5/, DOA:9-10-2018 WWBW Recut LHP AV~ 2~ Agency requires deliberation to choose what actions to take which creates a practical identity identical for every agent. It is the only form of ontology that can account for every individual, making it the only identity that can create obligations.Christine M. Korsgaard, 1992 Impacts: A~ Since obligations arise from a universal identity, they must be the same for all, B~ hijacks any role of the judge since judging is an identity contained within the practical oneOffensePlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to eliminate patent protections for life-saving medicines. Rizvi 20:Husna Rizvi, "WHAT IF…DRUG PATENTS WERE SCRAPPED?" 24 June 2020, https://newint.org/features/2020/06/11/what-if-drug-patents-were-scrapped LHP AV DOA: 9/17/21 Vote aff –1~ IP rights violate an individual's actual right to property and the grounds on which they are justified while a lack of scarcity makes them unnecessary,Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP 2~ Right of necessity – nations can legitimately break patents in order to produce life-saving medicines, Bierson 21:Marshall Bierson, ~Marshall is currently completing his PhD in Philosophy at Florida State University. His primarily studies the intersection of ethics and the nature of persons. Outside of Academia, Marshall also directs curricular design for high school debate camps with the Victory Briefs Institute.~ "Intellectual Property and the Right of Necessity" August 18, 2021, https://www.prindlepost.org/2021/08/intellectual-property-and-the-right-of-necessity/ LHP AV DOA:9/14/21 The right of necessity is a logical constraint on the coercive powers of the state – even if not ethical, reducing IP for life saving medicines is not in the jurisdiction of legal punishment – that would undermine the very foundation of the omnilateral will, Koch 92:Koch, Andrew M. "Immanuel Kant, The Right of Necessity, and the Liberal Foundation of Social Welfare" Southeastern Political Review, 20: 2 (Fall 1992) 295-314. https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/koch_andrew_1992_Immanuel_Kant.pdf LHP AV DOA: 9/14/21 UVEvaluate intent not consequences –1~ Actors can only be culpable for their rational decision, not the outcomes. Anything else means actors have no control over the morality of decisions meaning it is impossible for them to be obligated to act.2~ Induction is circular since it is only justified because it worked in the past, which is just induction. That means attempts to predict consequences have no justification, and only the rational decisions behind actions can be evaluated.3~ Consequences are infinite – I could save someone that turns out to be a mass murderer – unpredictability means they are not a stable basis for ethics which freezes action since agents never know what action to takeTheory1~ 1AR Theory Paradigm –Grant me it or else the neg can be infinitely abusiveCompeting interps because reasonability incentivizes defensive dumps to overwhelm the short 2arDrop the debater because the 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceNo RVIs or else 6 minutes in the 2n on theory makes the 2ar impossibleAnd 1AR theory outweighs –A~ I can't win on the neg shell and my shell in the 3-minute 2ar.B~ Epistemic indict – if the 1n was abusive I couldn't respond it, so you can't evaluate their args.2~ Fairness first –A~ testing – if an argument is abusive I can't engage properly so you can't evaluate the truth claimsB~ proximity – the ballot can't alter subjectivity or grant education but voting actually solves fairness impactsC~ the ballot says vote for the better debater not the better cheater which is a metaconstraint3~ Aff RVIs –A~ The 2ar is too short to win theory and substanceB~ Reciprocity – The neg has access to T and theory, so we need an RVI and theory to compensate for your unique avenue to the ballot4~ Affirming is harderA~ 4 minute 1ar needs to answer 7 and hedge against 6 minute collapseB~ neg is reactionary and thus gets to tailorC~ empirics – there's a rigorous methodology and large sample size – Shah 2-13:Sachin Shah, ~LHP Debater, Attended TOC 2018 and TOC 2019, Broke at TOC 2019, 5 on AP Stats, Computer Science Major, Experience with side bias stats~ February 13, 2020, "A Statistical Analysis of Side-Bias on the 2020 January-February Lincoln Douglas Debate Topic by Sachin Shah" http://nsdupdate.com/2020/a-statistical-analysis-of-side-bias-on-the-2020-january-february-lincoln-douglas-debate-topic-by-sachin-shah/?fbclid=IwAR2P0AZqQtSiwMZlCpia-Fy1zFOdHn6JrGtcYgGulqeimd-V0a1xbaIMYYs LHP AV That means presumption and permissibility affirm – If we are tied on the flow I did the better debating to overcome the skew – it's the only implication.5~ presumption and permissibility substantively affirmA~ a reduction is not a positive action but protection is, no obligation means we can't enforce protections so we have to reduce themB~ we wouldn't be able to take any actions like drinking water or going to sleep if it negated | 9/18/21 |
SO21 - AC - Kant v3Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Albuquerque AK | Judge: Frenkel, Nathan | 11/21/21 |
SO21 - AC - SemiocapTournament: Bronx | Round: 4 | Opponent: Unionville AS | Judge: Tanguturi, Nikita | 11/21/21 |
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