1AC- Covid meds aff w inequality contention WTO cred and US-China war 1NC- Innovation DA Covid CP WHO CP Case 1AR- Case contention 1 WHO CP CCP Theory Covid CP DA 2NR- WHO CP Theory Case 2AR- Case CP Theory
1AC- SV aff 1NC- Innovation DA Consult WHO Framing Case 1AR- Case Framing CP DA F 2NR- CP Framing Case 2AR- Case Framing CP
Meadows
4
Opponent: MT | Judge: Alex Baez
1AC- Covid inequality adv WTO cred adv US-China war adv 1NC- Innovation DA Consult WHO Distribution CP Case 1AR- Case Consult Distrib CP DA 2NR- Consult Case 2AR- Case Consult
Meadows
4
Opponent: MT | Judge: Alex Baez
1AC- Covid inequality adv WTO cred adv US-China War adv 1NC- Innovation DA Consult WHO Distribution CP Case 1AR- Case Distribution Consult DA 2NR- Consult Case 2AR- Case Consult
Nano Nagle
1
Opponent: KZ | Judge: Lukas Krause
1AC- Human rights AC 1NC- WHO CP Innovation DA Case 1AR- Case CP DA 2NR- CP Case 2AR- Case CP
Nano Nagle
3
Opponent: DV | Judge: Patrick Fox
1AC- inequalitycovid AC 1NC- T-meds WHO CP Innovation DA Case 1AR- Case T CP DA 2NR- T 2AR- T
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Cites
Entry
Date
Contact info
Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Hi I'm Ava! Feel free to reach out for disclosure or anything else you need. Email: awegmann2024@ihs.immaculateheart.org Phone: (213)-604-0522 she/her
9/19/21
SepOct - CP- Consult WHO
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: KK | Judge: Anish Ramireddy 1NC v. Dougherty Valley KK
WHO says yes WHO 06 (World Health Organization, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health) “Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights,” Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health, 2006 JL
AND
Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacy Gostin et al 15 (Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) “The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization,” Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015 JL
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WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperation Murtugudde 20 (Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) “Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever,” Science, 4/19/2020 JL
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WHO diplomacy solves great power conflict Murphy 20 (Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) “The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization,” War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020 JL
9/19/21
SepOct - CP- Consult WHO - Covid meds
Tournament: Heart of Texas | Round: 1 | Opponent: MT | Judge: Elijah Smith 1NC – Off CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections for medicines. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.
WHO says yes Kimball 5/7 (Spencer, news editor with CNBC.com) “WHO chief urges world to follow U.S. lead and support waiving Covid vaccine patent protections,” CNBC, 5/7/2021 JL
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Hoen 03 (Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003 JL However, subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly have strengthened the WHO’s mandate in
AND
access to drugs, local manufacturing capacity, and the development of new drugs
Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacy Gostin et al 15 (Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015 JL Members want the WHO to exert leadership, harmonize disparate activities, and set priorities
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Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable.
WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperation Murtugudde 20 (Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020 JL WHO continues to play an indispensable role during the current COVID-19 outbreak itself
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and trade restrictions. WHO coordinates and helps build capacity to implement IHR.
Extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events have been responsible for the greatest death tolls on humanity.
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, and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2
WHO diplomacy solves great power conflict Murphy 20 (Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020 JL The World Health Organization is critical to stopping disease outbreaks and strengthening public health systems
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international anti-pandemic infrastructure without the World Health Organization at the center.
10/16/21
SepOct - CP- Consult WHO - TRIPS
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: DV | Judge: Patrick Fox WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPS Hoen 03 (Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) “TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond,” Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003 JL
AND
Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacy Gostin et al 15 (Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) “The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization,” Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015 JL
AND
WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperation Murtugudde 20 (Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) “Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever,” Science, 4/19/2020 JL
AND
WHO diplomacy solves great power conflict Murphy 20 (Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) “The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization,” War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020 JL
10/9/21
SepOct- DA - Innovation DA
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: CL | Judge: Lukas Krause 1NC – Off Biotech industry strong now. Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI As the pandemic spread across the globe in early 2020, biotech leaders were initially
AND
IP protections are key to innovation – recouping startup costs and high risk of failure Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) "The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation," Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL The essential rationale for patent protection for biopharmaceuticals is that long-term benefits in
AND
IP enables critical information sharing Simon 6/25 (Brenda, professor at California Western School of Law, research interests focus on how technological developments affect intellectual property and information law, former teaching fellow for the Law, Science and Technology LL.M. Program at Stanford Law School, and a research fellow in the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences, JD from UC Berkeley School of Law) "Patents, Information, and Innovation," Brooklyn Law Review, 6/25/2020 JL Patents play numerous roles in encouraging the exchange of information during the investment-seeking
AND
Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror. Marjanovic and Feijao 20 (Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI As key actors in the healthcare innovation landscape, pharmaceutical and life sciences companies have
9/19/21
SepOct- DA - Innovation DA
Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 1 | Opponent: KZ | Judge: Lukas Krause 1NC – Off Biotech industry strong now. Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI As the pandemic spread across the globe in early 2020, biotech leaders were initially
AND
IP protections are key to innovation – recouping startup costs and high risk of failure Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) "The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation," Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL The essential rationale for patent protection for biopharmaceuticals is that long-term benefits in
AND
IP enables critical information sharing Simon 6/25 (Brenda, professor at California Western School of Law, research interests focus on how technological developments affect intellectual property and information law, former teaching fellow for the Law, Science and Technology LL.M. Program at Stanford Law School, and a research fellow in the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences, JD from UC Berkeley School of Law) "Patents, Information, and Innovation," Brooklyn Law Review, 6/25/2020 JL Patents play numerous roles in encouraging the exchange of information during the investment-seeking
AND
Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror. Marjanovic and Feijao 20 (Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI As key actors in the healthcare innovation landscape, pharmaceutical and life sciences companies have
10/9/21
SepOct- DA - Innovation DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: RM | Judge: Rafael Sanchez 1NC – Off Biotech industry strong now. Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI As the pandemic spread across the globe in early 2020, biotech leaders were initially
AND
IP protections are key to innovation – recouping startup costs and high risk of failure Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) "The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation," Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL The essential rationale for patent protection for biopharmaceuticals is that long-term benefits in
AND
IP enables critical information sharing Simon 6/25 (Brenda, professor at California Western School of Law, research interests focus on how technological developments affect intellectual property and information law, former teaching fellow for the Law, Science and Technology LL.M. Program at Stanford Law School, and a research fellow in the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences, JD from UC Berkeley School of Law) "Patents, Information, and Innovation," Brooklyn Law Review, 6/25/2020 JL Patents play numerous roles in encouraging the exchange of information during the investment-seeking
AND
Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror. Marjanovic and Feijao 20 (Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI As key actors in the healthcare innovation landscape, pharmaceutical and life sciences companies have
10/31/21
SepOct- DA - Innovation DA mRNA
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: ED | Judge: Ben Cortez 1NC-Off Biotech industry strong now Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), “What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?“, McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide TDI
AND
Lack of IP protection makes medical innovation prohibitively risky and expensive Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) “The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation,” Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL
AND
MRNA solves a litany of diseases, but continued innovation is key Gupta 5/7 (Swati, vice president and head of emerging infectious diseases and scientific strategy at IAVI, a nonprofit scientific research organization that develops vaccines and antibodies for HIV, tuberculosis, emerging infectious diseases (including COVID-19) and neglected diseases, PhD and MPH from Yale University) “The Application and Future Potential of mRNA Vaccines,” Yale School of Public Health, 5/7/2021 JL
AND
Disease causes extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028
AND
Disease causes extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028
9/19/21
SepOct- DA - Innovation DA- mRNA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: MT | Judge: Alex Baez 1NC-Off Biotech industry strong now Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), “What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?“, McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide TDI
AND
Lack of IP protection makes medical innovation prohibitively risky and expensive Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) “The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation,” Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL
AND
MRNA solves a litany of diseases, but continued innovation is key Gupta 5/7 (Swati, vice president and head of emerging infectious diseases and scientific strategy at IAVI, a nonprofit scientific research organization that develops vaccines and antibodies for HIV, tuberculosis, emerging infectious diseases (including COVID-19) and neglected diseases, PhD and MPH from Yale University) “The Application and Future Potential of mRNA Vaccines,” Yale School of Public Health, 5/7/2021 JL
AND
Disease causes extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028
AND
Disease causes extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028
10/31/21
SepOct- T - Nebel Meds
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: ED | Judge: Ben Cortez 1NC-Off Interpretation: medicines is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines. Nebel 19 Jake Nebel Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM Both distinctions are important. Generic resolutions can’t be affirmed by specifying particular instances.
AND
-value meaning and standard expectations about what LD resolutions tend to mean.
It applies to medicines: Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce IPP for one medicine does not entail that those nations ought to reduce IPP for all medicines Adverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is universal and permanent Vote neg: Semantics outweigh: T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came here Jurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolution It’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend it Limits – there are countless affs accounting for thousands of medicines – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICs There are over 20,000 affs FDA 11/18 (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Service) "Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance," 11/18/2020 JL There are over 20,000 prescription drug products approved for marketing. FDA
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drug products. There are about 300 FDA-licensed biologics products.
Ground – spec guts core generics like innovation that rely on reducing IP for all medicines because individual medicines don’t affect the pharmaceutical industry broadly – also means there is no universal DA to spec affs TVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rez Paradigm issues: Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start Competing interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation Fairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debater Education is a voter – why schools fund debate
9/19/21
SeptOct-CP-Consult WHO
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: CL | Judge: Lukas Krause 1NC – Off CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections for medicines. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation. WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPS Hoen 03 (Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003 JL However, subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly have strengthened the WHO’s mandate in
AND
Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacy Gostin et al 15 (Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015 JL Members want the WHO to exert leadership, harmonize disparate activities, and set priorities
AND
WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperation Murtugudde 20 (Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020 JL WHO continues to play an indispensable role during the current COVID-19 outbreak itself
AND
Extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events have been responsible for the greatest death tolls on humanity.
AND
WHO diplomacy solves great power conflict Murphy 20 (Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020 JL The World Health Organization is critical to stopping disease outbreaks and strengthening public health systems
9/19/21
SeptOct-CP-Consult WHO
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: RM | Judge: Rafael Sanchez 1NC – Off CP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections for medicines. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation. WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPS Hoen 03 (Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003 JL However, subsequent resolutions of the World Health Assembly have strengthened the WHO’s mandate in
AND
Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacy Gostin et al 15 (Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015 JL Members want the WHO to exert leadership, harmonize disparate activities, and set priorities
AND
WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperation Murtugudde 20 (Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020 JL WHO continues to play an indispensable role during the current COVID-19 outbreak itself
AND
Extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events have been responsible for the greatest death tolls on humanity.
AND
WHO diplomacy solves great power conflict Murphy 20 (Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020 JL The World Health Organization is critical to stopping disease outbreaks and strengthening public health systems
10/31/21
SeptOct-FW-Util
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: CL | Judge: Lukas Krause 1NC-Framing The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing First, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything. Moen 16 Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281 SJDI
AND
Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable. Moen 16 Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo “An Argument for Hedonism” Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281 SJDI
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Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. Bostrom 12 Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy (2012)
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Reducing the risk of extinction is always priority number one. Bostrom 12 Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford., Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. Forthcoming book (Global Policy). MP. http://www.existenti...org/concept.pdf