Immaculate Heart Rees Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Damus | 1 | Harker DA | Claudia Ribera |
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| Damus | 5 | Marlborough JH | Asher Towner |
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| Damus | 4 | Harker SS | Tarun Ratnasabapathy |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Bronx Science NK | Andrew Qin |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Harker DV | Gordon Krauss |
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| Greenhill | 2 | Strake Jesuit KS | Matt Moorhead |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Holy Cross ND | Ishan Rereddy |
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| Greenhill | 5 | Southlake Carrol AS | Claudia Ribera |
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| Loyola | 3 | Memorial BD | Pheonix Pittman |
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| Loyola | 6 | Sequoia AS | Ronak Ahuja |
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| Loyola | 1 | OA Independent DM | Gordon Krauss |
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| Meadows | 2 | Yerba Buena KN | Conner Lindquist |
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| Meadows | 3 | Marlborough MJ | Joel Lemuel |
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| Meadows | 5 | Salado HF | Diana Alvarez |
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| Nano Nagle | 1 | Ayala AM | Parth Misra |
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| Nano Nagle | 3 | Dwight Englewood EK | Nick Fleming |
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| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Prospect ST | Panel |
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| Nano Nagle | 5 | Solebury LN | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| St Marks | 1 | Harker DS | Colton Gilbert |
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| St Marks | 3 | Marlborough TZ | Leah Villanueva |
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| St Marks | Doubles | Marlborough WR | Panel |
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| St Marks | 6 | Harker SS | Chris Castillo |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Damus | 1 | Opponent: Harker DA | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1ac - Democracy AC |
| Damus | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Asher Towner 1ac - Prison AC |
| Damus | 4 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Tarun Ratnasabapathy 1ac - Democracy |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Andrew Qin 1ac - alienation |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1ac - EU |
| Greenhill | 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Matt Moorhead 1ac - Kant w util advantages |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1ac - Necropolitics |
| Greenhill | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1ac - Cannabis |
| Loyola | 3 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Pheonix Pittman 1ac - Prag uv |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ronak Ahuja 1ac - Cannabis |
| Loyola | 1 | Opponent: OA Independent DM | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1ac - Vaccines |
| Meadows | 2 | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Conner Lindquist 1ac - Racialized Medicines |
| Meadows | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1ac - MSF ac |
| Meadows | 5 | Opponent: Salado HF | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1ac - Covid waivers |
| Nano Nagle | 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Parth Misra 1ac - evergreening |
| Nano Nagle | 3 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood EK | Judge: Nick Fleming 1ac - Tripps novel pandemic ac |
| Nano Nagle | Doubles | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Panel 1ac - virtue ethics |
| Nano Nagle | 5 | Opponent: Solebury LN | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 1ac - evergreening |
| St Marks | 1 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Colton Gilbert 1ac - eu |
| St Marks | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough TZ | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1ac - whole res |
| St Marks | Doubles | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Panel 1ac - covid |
| St Marks | 6 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Chris Castillo 1ac - eu |
| x | 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x x |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x email: rrees2023@ihs.immaculateheart.org (preferred) Please note that my cites don't always work but I have everything opensourced navigation | 9/20/21 |
1 - UtilTournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Pheonix Pittman 1ncThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 9/5/21 |
1 - Util v2Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Panel 1NCThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/10/21 |
1 - Util v3Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: Yerba Buena KN | Judge: Conner Lindquist 1NCThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing—we’ll concede util its just a matter of what impacts should come first.Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/30/21 |
1 - Util v4Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1NCThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing—The standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/30/21 |
1 - Util v5Tournament: Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC – OFFThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingMoral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 11/7/21 |
ND - CP - SCR 69 CPTournament: Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC-OffCP: The United states shoul implement the SCR-69 for all states.CLI 20 ~(CLI, California Legislative information),"SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION" , https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill'id=201920200SCR69, Introduced by Senator Bradford August 14, 2019, AMENDED IN SENATE JANUARY 23, 2020~ SS AND associated primarily with poverty, employment, housing, and family differences; and Solves the aff but avoids the case turns. | 11/7/21 |
ND - Econ DA v1Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Andrew Qin 1NC - OffEcon is back on track but risk of collapseThe World Bank 6/8 ~(The World Bank, The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.), "The Global Economy: on Track for Strong but Uneven Growth as COVID-19 Still Weighs", The World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/08/the-global-economy-on-track-for-strong-but-uneven-growth-as-covid-19-still-weighs, JUNE 8, 2021~ SS AND policy response provided it is temporary and inflation expectations remain well-anchored. The plan kills the economy and stifles growthEpstein 20 ~(Richard A. Epstein, Peter and Kirsten Bedford Senior Fellow),"The Decline Of Unions Is Good News.", Hoover Institution https://www.hoover.org/research/decline-unions-good-news, January 27, 2020~ SS AND more than shrink overall wealth by directing social resources to less productive ends. Economic decline causes global nuclear warTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? | 11/20/21 |
ND - K - Cap KTournament: Damus | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker DA | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1NCDemocracy is a form of bourgeois politics designed to suppress the proletariat – it upholds the illusion that the exploited have a say in how they are ruledICC 15 ~(The ICC was founded in January 1975 by different political groups which had arisen in the wake of the historic revival of the working class at the end of the 1960s that uses Marxism as effective weapon of the proletarian struggle for emancipation while at the same time reaffirming the communist political positions which have been settled once and for all by the experience of the workers' movement.) "Proletarian politics against bourgeois electoralism" International Communist Current, 3/15~ BC AND the revolutionary overthrow of the bourgeois state. Amos 5/3/15 Unions give the illusion that workers have a say in fighting capitalism— but really strikes are a proponent of wage labor and the employer-employee relationship.Eidlin 20 ~(Barry Eidlin, assistant professor of sociology at McGill University and a former head steward for UAW Local 2865.), "Why Unions Are Good — But Not Good Enough", JACOBIN, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/01/marxism-trade-unions-socialism-revolutionary-organizing, 01.06.2020~ SS AND worker organization, whether called unions or something else, has been essential. Capitalism is unsustainable and causes extinction – resource scarcity, environmental degradation, warTrainer ’16 (Ted; 5/10/16; Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, leading proponent of de-growth and sustainability issues; Resilience; "Sustainability – The Simpler Way perspective"; http://www.resilience.org/articles/General/2016/07'July/Sustainability20The20Simpler20Way20Perspective.pdf; DOA: 7/15/17) AND small fraction of our present rich world levels, with no economic growth. The alternative is to reorient political organizing away from the electoral system – only the alt provides the invisibility needed to construct alternative imaginariesAraujo et al 17 ~(Erin, of the Memorial University of Newfoundland) Ferretti (Federico Ferretti, of the University College Dublin) Ince (Anthony, of Cardiff University) Mullenite (Joshua, Florida International University) Pickerill (Jenny, of the University of Sheffield) Rollo (Toby, of the University of British Columbia) White (Richard, Sheffield Hallam University) "Beyond Electoralism: Reflections on anarchy, populism, and the crisis of electoral politics" ACME, 12/20/2017~ BC AND , and if we are slowly but surely building new alliances of solidarity. | 11/6/21 |
ND - T - Nebel GovtTournament: Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC - OffInterpretation: the affirmative may not spec a government1~ The letter "A" is an indefinite article that modifies "just government" – the resolution must be proven true in all instances, not one particular instanceCCC ND Capital Community College ~a nonprofit 501 c-3 organization that supports scholarships, faculty development, and curriculum innovation~, "Articles, Determiners, and Quantifiers", http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners.htm~~#articles AG AND the former (see beagle sentence) refers to all members of that class 2~ Government is an indefinite singular– the aff may not defend a specific set of governmentsNebel 20 ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh.~ "Indefinite Singular Generics in Debate" Victory Briefs, 19 Sept 2020. no url AG AND This suggests that "a democracy" in the resolution is not existential. It applies to government:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that China ought to have the unconditional right to strike does not entail that those governments ought to have the unconditional right to strike.Adverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a recognition is universal and permanentViolation – they only defend the United StatesVote neg:Semantics outweigh:T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came hereJurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolutionIt’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend itStandards:Limits – there are 195 affs accounting for hundreds of governments— unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICs.Banerjee 4/12 ~(Vasabjit Banerjee, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Mississippi State University),"How many states and provinces are in the world?" , The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/how-many-states-and-provinces-are-in-the-world-157847, April 12, 2021~ SS AND Zambia has provinces, and Japan has prefectures – among many other names. Ground – spec guts core generics like the econ DA which rely on all governments having the unconditional right to strike because individual governments don’t have an impact on the global economy as a whole – also means there is no universal DA to spec affsTVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rezParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startComes before 1AR theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topicalCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationNo RVIs – fairness and education are a priori burdens – and encourages baiting – outweighs because if T is frivolous, they can beat it quicklyFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 11/7/21 |
ND - T - T WorkersTournament: Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: Asher Towner 1NC-OffInterpretation: A worker is an employee that works under a contract for employment.Quest n.d. ~(Quest, based in Leicestershire, but covering the whole of the UK, is a specialist and training solutions, delivering bespoke professional services with resounding results. With over two decades of experience, Quest make it their responsibility to fully understand your specific needs before personalising a tailored solution to ensure that your HR, Health and Safety and training solution complements your business plan and achieves your goals.) "Employees and Workers: The Difference Between a Worker and an Employee" Quest. N.d.~ AW AND Services and such workers are often referred to as non-employee workers. Violation: Prisoners don’t have employment contracts—they’re working as a form of punishment.Zatz 13 ~(Noah, Professor of Law at UCLA) "Employment Without Contract? Prison Laborers as Statutory Employees" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Law and Society Association 2013-12-16~ AT AND of constituting and bounding "the market" as a distinct social field. Standards:1~ Limits— Allowing Affs about workers without contracts justifies the slavery, child labor, human trafficking, and indentured servants AC — incentives reading any aff about forced labor that negs don’t have prep on— a~ incentivizes running to the margins in order to cut fringe affs— that destroys iterative content mastery which is key to education. B~ explodes the negs prep burden to prep for hundreds amounts of affs due to different circumstances that result in forced labor.There are hundreds of affs under their interp— they allow for any instance of forced labor in any of these countries— means that they explode limits.ILO No Date ~(International Labor Organization, The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member States , to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.) "Statistics on forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking," ILO, No Date, https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/policy-areas/statistics/lang—en/index.htm~ RR AND and estimation methodologies which could be used to develop surveys in the future. 2~ Ground— all the neg can say against the aff is exploitation good— their interp skirts links to the Workforce DA, Business Confidence DA, Cap K because the workers Affs under their interp are about do not participate in the formal economy. We even lose access to the Kant and Contracts NC which all assume an injury to legally recognized contracts.3~ TVA solves— read as an advantage to a US specific aff.Cross apply Paradigm issues from above. | 11/7/21 |
SO - CP - AdvantageTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ronak Ahuja 1ncCounter plan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought tolimit prescription opioids by implementing prescription drug monitoring programs and prescriber limitsreduce the flow of illicit opioids by communicating with law enforcement, public health professionals and first responders about distribution patternsPromote treatment by increasing funding for medication assisted treatment and needle exchange programsYoung and Durak 19 ~(Christine, former fellow) (Abigail, Former Center Coordinator) https://www.brookings.edu/policy2020/votervital/how-do-we-tackle-the-opioid-crisis/~~ RR AND opioid use disorder to treatment services when they are ready to seek treatment. | 9/5/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHOTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: OA Independent DM | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1NCCP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections for medicines. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yes – it supports increasing the availability of generics and limiting TRIPSHoen 03 ~(Ellen T., researcher at the University Medical Centre at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands who has been listed as one of the 50 most influential people in intellectual property by the journal Managing Intellectual Property, PhD from the University of Groningen) "TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond," Chicago Journal of International Law, 2003~ JL AND access to drugs, local manufacturing capacity, and the development of new drugs Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WTO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL AND Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable. WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL AND and trade restrictions. WHO coordinates and helps build capacity to implement IHR. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 9/20/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHO v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1NCCP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections for cannabis. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yesWHO 06 ~(World Health Organization, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health) "Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights," Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health, 2006~ JL AND or suppression of competition and, in some cases higher prices for patients. Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL AND Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable. WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL AND and trade restrictions. WHO coordinates and helps build capacity to implement IHR. WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL AND international anti-pandemic infrastructure without the World Health Organization at the center. | 9/19/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHO v3Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Parth Misra 1NCCP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing intellectual property protections by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection s. Member nations will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yesWHO 06 ~(World Health Organization, specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health) "Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights," Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, and Public Health, 2006~ JL AND or suppression of competition and, in some cases higher prices for patients. Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL AND Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable. WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL AND and trade restrictions. WHO coordinates and helps build capacity to implement IHR. WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL AND international anti-pandemic infrastructure without the World Health Organization at the center. | 10/8/21 |
SO - CP - Consult WHO v4Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Chris Castillo 1NC – GenericCP: The EU should enter into a prior and binding consultation with the World Health Organization over reducing trade secret protections for medicines by requiring that plaintiffs prove that the acquisition, use, and disclosure of the trade secret did not pertain to revealing misconduct, wrongdoing, or illegal activity, or to protecting the general public interest. The EU will support the proposal and adopt the results of consultation.WHO says yesMoorthy et al 15 ~(Vasee S., malaria vaccine focal point for the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Secretariat for two WHO malaria vaccine advisory committees, PhD in malaria immunology from the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford) "Rationale for WHO's New Position Calling for Prompt Reporting and Public Disclosure of Interventional Clinical Trial Results," PLOS Medicine, 4/14/2015~ JL AND trials is a scientific, ethical, and moral responsibility" ~2~. Consultation displays strong leadership, authority, and cohesion among member states which are key to WHO legitimacyGostin et al 15 ~(Lawrence O., Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at Georgetown University, Faculty Director of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights, JD from Duke University) "The Normative Authority of the World Health Organization," Georgetown University Law Center, 5/2/2015~ JL AND Organization generously, grant it authority and flexibility, and hold it accountable. WHO is critical to disease prevention – it is the only international institution that can disperse information, standardize global public health, and facilitate public-private cooperationMurtugudde 20 ~(Raghu, professor of atmospheric and oceanic science at the University of Maryland, PhD in mechanical engineering from Columbia University) "Why We Need the World Health Organization Now More Than Ever," Science, 4/19/2020~ JL AND and trade restrictions. WHO coordinates and helps build capacity to implement IHR. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 WHO diplomacy solves great power conflictMurphy 20 ~(Chris, U.S. senator from Connecticut serving on the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee) "The Answer is to Empower, Not Attack, the World Health Organization," War on the Rocks, 4/21/2020~ JL AND international anti-pandemic infrastructure without the World Health Organization at the center. | 10/24/21 |
SO - CP - Distribution CPTournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Panel 1NC – OffCP Text: the United States should-invest $25 billion into 25 production lines dedicated solely to COVID-19 vaccines to boost global vaccine production managed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority.-distribute 8 billion doses of COVID vaccines using an equitable distribution framework prioritizing developing countries in the Global South.The CP solves the entirety of the case and does it faster.Stankiewicz 21 Mike Stankiewicz 5-6-2021"Opinion: For just $25 billion, the U.S. could jump-start a project to quickly vaccinate the entire world against COVID" https://www.marketwatch.com/story/for-just-25-billion-the-u-s-could-jump-start-a-project-to-quickly-vaccinate-the-entire-world-against-covid-11614898552 (a press officer in Public Citizen's communication's department, where he focuses on legislative policy and health-orientated advocacy) AND , it is also not in our own economic interest to do so. | 10/18/21 |
SO - CP - Distribution v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1NC – OffCP Text: the United States should significantly increase the production and distribution of medicines outlined in the affs msf 17 card. The United States should prioritize developing countries in the Global South.The CP solves the entirety of the case and does it faster—Covid provesStankiewicz 21 Mike Stankiewicz 5-6-2021"Opinion: For just $25 billion, the U.S. could jump-start a project to quickly vaccinate the entire world against COVID" https://www.marketwatch.com/story/for-just-25-billion-the-u-s-could-jump-start-a-project-to-quickly-vaccinate-the-entire-world-against-covid-11614898552 (a press officer in Public Citizen's communication's department, where he focuses on legislative policy and health-orientated advocacy) AND , it is also not in our own economic interest to do so. | 10/30/21 |
SO - CP - EU CPTournament: Meadows | Round: 5 | Opponent: Salado HF | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1NCCP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should adopt the European Union’s proposal to:Ensure that COVID-19 vaccines, treatments and their components can cross borders freelyEncourage producers to expand their production, while ensuring that those countries most in need of vaccines receive them at an affordable priceFacilitate the use of compulsory licensing within the WTO's existing Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsSolves vaccine access but avoids innovationBrachmann 6/8 ~(Steve, contributor to IPWatchdog.com, Research on Point, and Main Street Host writing about technology and innovation) "EU Offers Alternative to COVID-19 IP Waiver That Supports Innovation and Addresses Supply Chain Problems," IP Watchdog, 6/8/2021~ JL AND continue to appear across the world, and needless human death will continue. | 10/31/21 |
SO - CP - Remdesivir PICTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood EK | Judge: Nick Fleming 1NC – CPCP: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for medicines except Remdesivir.Remdesivir patents are key to profits that enable continued production and future innovationMossoff 20 ~(Adam, Professor of Law at Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University, teaches a wide range of courses at the law school, including property, patent law, trade secrets, trademark law, remedies, and internet law, Visiting Intellectual Property Fellow at the Heritage Foundation, JD from the University of Chicago Law School) "US Should Not Confiscate Gilead's Remdesivir Patent," Law360, 8/21/2020~ JL AND cures for diseases like Alzheimer's and ultimately for pandemics like COVID-19. Remdesivir substantially reduces COVID mortality – turns caseAntrim 7/27 ~(Aislinn, assistant editor at Pharmacy Times, BA in journalism from the University of North Carolina) "Remdesivir Associated With Reduction in Mortality Rate in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19," Pharmacy Times, 7/27/2021~ JL AND 29, although this reduction was not statistically significant in the other groups. | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - FisheriesTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 5 | Opponent: Solebury LN | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 1NCWTO is near consensus on fisheries subsidies – success will require continued focus, flexibility, and cooperation among membersWTO 7/15 ~(World Trade Organization) "WTO members edge closer to fisheries subsidies agreement," News and Events, 7/15/2021~ JL AND no marine fisheries left to subsidise — or artisanal fishing communities to support." IP disputes fragment WTO unity and trade off with subsidies negotiationPatnaik 3/12 ~(Priti, journalist in Geneva, Switzerland, master’s in Development Studies from The Graduate Institute in Geneva and a master’s in Business and Economic Reporting from New York University) "Could Vaccine Nationalism Spur Disputes At The WTO?" Geneva Health Files, 3/12/2021~ JL AND will ultimately harm the legitimacy of the trading system," the person added. Overfishing causes SCS war – WTO agreement solvesCohen and Floyd 1/27 ~(Sam, J.D. student at Harvard Law School, BA in history from Yale University, surface warfare officer in the U.S. Navy, and Steve, joint J.D./LL.M. in national security law at Georgetown University Law Center, lieutenant commander in U.S. Naval Intelligence) "Water Wars Special: How IUU Fishing Increases the Risk of Conflict, Lawfare, 1/27/2021~ JL AND problems and create a binding legal framework through which members could seek relief. SCS conflict draws in the US and goes nuclear – extinctionCarter 20 (John Carter has been an economics and finance journalist for more than 40 years. Prior to joining the South China Morning Post, he worked for Market News International for more than 33 years, first as Washington Bureau Chief, then as European Managing Editor in Frankfurt, Germany and finally as Asian Managing Editor working out of Beijing, Global Impact newsletter: escalating conflict in the South China Sea, https://www.scmp.com/economy/article/3102323/global-impact-newsletter-escalating-conflict-south-china-sea) AND two of the world’s largest militaries will de-escalate any time soon. | 10/14/21 |
SO - DA - Fisheries v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Colton Gilbert 1NC – ShellWTO is near consensus on fisheries subsidies – success will require continued focus, flexibility, and cooperation among membersWTO 7/15 ~(World Trade Organization) "WTO members edge closer to fisheries subsidies agreement," News and Events, 7/15/2021~ JL AND no marine fisheries left to subsidise — or artisanal fishing communities to support." IP disputes fragment WTO unity and trade off with subsidies negotiationPatnaik 3/12 ~(Priti, journalist in Geneva, Switzerland, master’s in Development Studies from The Graduate Institute in Geneva and a master’s in Business and Economic Reporting from New York University) "Could Vaccine Nationalism Spur Disputes At The WTO?" Geneva Health Files, 3/12/2021~ JL AND will ultimately harm the legitimacy of the trading system," the person added. Overfishing collapses biodiversityDUJS 12 ~(Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, official open access science journal of Dartmouth College, publishing original scientific research, multidisciplinary review articles, and science news) "The Threats of Overfishing: Consequences at the Commercial Level," 3/11/2012~ JL AND , the extent of this damage has only recently been recognized (15). Continued biodiversity loss causes extinctionCarrington 18 ~(Damian, the Guardian's Environment editor) "Humanity has wiped out 60 of a animal populations since 1970, report finds," The Guardian, 10/29/18~ TDI AND no longer ignore the impact of current unsustainable production models and wasteful lifestyles." | 10/16/21 |
SO - DA - InnovationTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Parth Misra 1NCBiotech industry strong now.Cancherini et al. 4/30 ~(Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. Secondary patents are key to innovation – recouping development costs and new applications of existing medicinesRichards et al 20 ~(Kevin T., Associate Solicitor at the US Patent and Trademark Office, former legislative attorney at CRS, JD from UVA School of Law) "Drug Pricing and Pharmaceutical Patenting Practices," Congressional Research Service, 2/11/2020~ JL AND the brand's fixed costs for research, development, and clinical testing.168 Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 10/8/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v2Tournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood EK | Judge: Nick Fleming 1NC – DABiotech industry strong nowCancherini et al. 4/30 ~(Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI AND access to capital and leaves it with more scope to concentrate on science. Lack of IP protection makes medical innovation prohibitively risky and expensiveGrabowski et al 15 ~(Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) "The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation," Health Affairs, 2/2015~ JL AND protection plays a key role in funding and partnership opportunities for such firms. MRNA solves a litany of diseases, but continued innovation is keyGupta 5/7 ~(Swati, vice president and head of emerging infectious diseases and scientific strategy at IAVI, a nonprofit scientific research organization that develops vaccines and antibodies for HIV, tuberculosis, emerging infectious diseases (including COVID-19) and neglected diseases, PhD and MPH from Yale University) "The Application and Future Potential of mRNA Vaccines," Yale School of Public Health, 5/7/2021~ JL AND , but more likely to be a reality in the very near future. | 10/9/21 |
SO - DA - Innovation v3Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough TZ | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1NC – ShellBiotech industry strong now.Cancherini et al. 4/30 ~(Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), "What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?", McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide~~ TDI AND as multi-omics tailored diets) to a multitude of health applications. IP protections are key to innovation – recouping startup costs and high risk of failureGrabowski et al 15 ~(Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) "The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation," Health Affairs, 2/2015~ JL AND protection plays a key role in funding and partnership opportunities for such firms. Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror.Marjanovic and Feijao 20 ~(Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon.) "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ TDI AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 | 10/16/21 |
SO - K - Cap KTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: OA Independent DM | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1NCThe Aff’s portrayal of a world with reduced IP protections as an "information commons" where medical inequality is solved by deregulation perpetuates the neoliberal myth of a perfect market | 9/20/21 |
SO - K - Cap K v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1NC – offIdentity politics is the ideology of the bourgeoisie that is used to justify its own economic and political privilege and contribute to the reproduction of capitalism.Das 20 ~(Raju, Professor, Department of Geography, York University. He teaches radical political economy, international development, state-society relations, and social struggles. He is on the editorial board of Science and Society (New York) and is also a member of its manuscript collective. He is also a member of the editorial board of Class, Race and Corporate Power, and a member of the editorial advisory board of Dialectical Anthropology.) "Identity Politics: A Marxist View" Class, Race and Corporate Power, 2020~ BC AND its own economic and political privilege and contribute to the reproduction of capitalism. Capitalism is responsible for the birth of racism –WASP 15 ~(Workers and Socialist Party in South Africa affiliated to International Socialist Alternative. WASP fights to replace capitalism with a democratic socialist system that will use the wealth of society to meet the needs of its people instead of the needs of shareholders and big-business.) "Class and Race: Marxism, Racism and the Class Struggle" Workers and Socialist Party, 10/5/2015~ BC AND between opportunism and the general and vital interests of the working class movement." Neoliberal exploitation causes extinction.Clark 18 (Brett, associate professor of sociology and sustainability studies at the University of Utah; Stefano B. Longo, Assistant Professor specializing in Environmental Sociology at NC State; "Land–Sea Ecological Rifts", Land–Sea Ecological Rifts, https://monthlyreview.org/2018/07/01/land-sea-ecological-rifts/) AND the contradictions of capital are central to contemporary land-sea ecological rifts. The alternative is a rejection of identity politics and an affirmation of structural socialist reforms – only through participation within the state allows the proletariat fight against the capitalist class.Day 18 ~(Meagan, a staff writer at Jacobin magazine. Her articles have also appeared in The New York Times, The Guardian, Vox, n+1, The Baffler, In These Times, Mother Jones, and elsewhere. She is the co-author with Micah Uetricht of Bigger than Bernie: How We Go From the Sanders Campaign to Democratic Socialism and the author of Maximum Sunlight) "Why Socialists Should Fight for Structural Reforms" Democratic Socialists of America, fall 2018~ BC AND we’ve blocked off our best avenue for making a revolution in our lifetimes. | 9/19/21 |
SO - K - Cap K v3Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1NCThe Aff’s portrayal of a world with reduced IP protections as an "information commons" where medical inequality is solved by deregulation perpetuates the neoliberal myth of a perfect market | 9/19/21 |
SO - T - MedicinesTournament: Loyola | Round: 6 | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: Ronak Ahuja 1nc1ncInterpretation: Medicine is a drug used in preventionLexico ND ~(Lexico dictionary) https://www.lexico.com/definition/medicine~~ BC To be a medicine a substance must meet FDA standardsFDA no date https://www.fda.gov/industry/regulated-products/human-drugs AND Drug application Cannabis isn’t a medicine – they are conflating having medicinal properties with medicinesCDC ND ~(Center for the Disease Control and Prevention) "Is marijuana medicine?" https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html~~ BC AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. Cannabis isn’t a medicine –Madras 16 ~(Bertha, Madras is a professor of psychobiology in the Department of Psychiatry and the chair of the Division of Neurochemistry at Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; she served as associate director for public education in the division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School.) "Opinion: 5 reasons marijuana is not medicine" The Washington Post, 4/29/2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/04/29/5-reasons-marijuana-is-not-medicine/~~ BC AND to rigorous, objective clinical trials nor was it widely available for scrutiny. Prefer -limits— expanding the topic to herbs with medicinal properties explode the topic to include unpredictable affs like chamomile, ginger, or garlic affs– makes neg prep impossible because the resolution is the only stasis point for preround prep.Medicinal herbs include –URMC ND ~(University of Rochester Medical Center) "A Guide to Common Medicinal Herbs" Health Encyclopedia, no date. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1andcontentid=1169~~ BC AND any medicinal herb, always talk with your healthcare provider before taking it. ground— defending non-medicines means that we lose links to core topic generics like econ or innovation DA - forces the neg to read Ks or CPs that are non-specific to the topic that destroys any clash about the topic.Paradigm issues –Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 9/5/21 |
SO - T - Medicines v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1NC – T MedicineCannabis isn’t a medicine – they are conflating having medicinal properties with medicinesCDC ND ~(Center for the Disease Control and Prevention) "Is marijuana medicine?" https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html~~ BC AND way to know what kind and how much of a chemical you’re getting. Cannabis isn’t a medicine –Madras 16 ~(Bertha, Madras is a professor of psychobiology in the Department of Psychiatry and the chair of the Division of Neurochemistry at Harvard Medical School, Harvard University; she served as associate director for public education in the division on Addictions at Harvard Medical School.) "Opinion: 5 reasons marijuana is not medicine" The Washington Post, 4/29/2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/04/29/5-reasons-marijuana-is-not-medicine/~~ BC AND to rigorous, objective clinical trials nor was it widely available for scrutiny. Prefer -limits— expanding the topic to herbs with medicinal properties explode the topic to include unpredictable affs like chamomile, ginger, or garlic affs– makes neg prep impossible because the resolution is the only stasis point for preround prep.Medicinal herbs include –URMC ND ~(University of Rochester Medical Center) "A Guide to Common Medicinal Herbs" Health Encyclopedia, no date. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1andcontentid=1169~~ BC AND any medicinal herb, always talk with your healthcare provider before taking it. ground— defending non-medicines means that we lose links to core topic generics like econ or innovation DA - forces the neg to read Ks or CPs that are non-specific to the topic that destroys any clash about the topic.Paradigm issues –Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 9/19/21 |
SO - T - Nebel IPTournament: Nano Nagle | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Parth Misra 1NCInterpretation: intellectual property protections is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce a subset of intellectual property protections for medicines.Nebel 19 Jake Nebel ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.~ , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM AND -value meaning and standard expectations about what LD resolutions tend to mean. It applies to IP protections:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce one type of IPP does not entail that those nations ought to reduce all kinds of IPPAdverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is universal and permanentVote neg:Semantics outweigh:T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came hereJurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolutionOnly stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend itLimits – there are countless affs accounting for every kind of intellectual property protections, like tertiary patents, provisional patents, and design patents – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICsGround – spec guts core generics like innovation that rely on reducing all kinds of IP for all medicines because individual types of IP don’t substantially affect the pharmaceutical industry – also means there is no universal DA to spec affsTVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rezParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startComes before 1AR theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topicalNo RVIs – fairness and education are a priori burdens – and encourages baiting – outweighs because if T is frivolous, they can beat it quicklyFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 10/8/21 |
SO - T - Nebel MedicinesTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: OA Independent DM | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1nc Round 11NCInterpretation: medicines is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce intellectual property protections for a subset of medicines.Nebel 19 Jake Nebel ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.~ , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM AND -value meaning and standard expectations about what LD resolutions tend to mean. It applies to medicines:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce IPP for one medicine does not entail that those nations ought to reduce IPP for all medicinesAdverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a reduction is universal and permanentVote neg:Semantics outweigh:T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came hereJurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolutionIt’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend itLimits – there are countless affs accounting for thousands of medicines – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICsThere are over 20,000 affsFDA 11/18 ~(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Service) "Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance," 11/18/2020~ JL AND drug products. Ground – spec guts core generics like innovation that rely on reducing IP for all medicines because individual medicines don’t affect the pharmaceutical industry broadly – also means there is no universal DA to spec affsTVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rezParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startComes before 1AR theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topicalCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationNo RVIs – fairness and education are a priori burdens – and encourages baiting – outweighs because if T is frivolous, they can beat it quicklyFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 9/20/21 |
SO - T - Nebel Member NationsTournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Colton Gilbert 1NC – TInterpretation: member nations of the World Trade Organization is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of member nations ought to reduce IP protections for medicines.Nebel 19 Jake Nebel ~Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.~ , 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/ SM AND -value meaning and standard expectations about what LD resolutions tend to mean. It applies to member nations:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying "US ought to reduce IPP for medicines" doesn’t entail that all nations ought toAdverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaningVote neg:Semantics outweigh:Topicality is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden, they agreed to debate the topic when they came to the tournamentJurisdiction – you can’t vote aff if they haven’t affirmed the resolutionIt’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement, and there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend itLimits – there are countless affs accounting for any permutation of 164 member nations that are home to vastly different pharmaceutical industries and illnesses – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn’t justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICsGround – spec guts core generics like WTO bad and the health multilateralism DA that rely on all nations reducing IP and shifts away from the core topic lit of WTO patent waivers – also means there is no universal DA to spec affsTVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rez | 10/16/21 |
SO - T - WTOTournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker DS | Judge: Colton Gilbert 1NC – TInterpretation: topical affs must fiat an action through the World Trade OrganizationMember nations of the WTO make policies as a wholeWTO ND ~(World Trade Organization) "What is the WTO?" https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/whatis'e.htm~~ BC AND , the WTO is a member-driven, consensus-based organization. Nation and government are synonymousMerriam Webster ND ~"nation" Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation~~ BC AND a nation of vast size with a small population— Mary K. Hammond Collective nouns are singular – this means "member nations" refers to a singular entityMLA 3/8 ~"Should I use a singular or plural verb with a collective noun?" MLA Style Center, 3/8/2021~ JL AND (The team collectively paints the mural, so the verb is singular.) Violation – they don’t – EU member states are distinct from WTO member nationsPreferPrecision – even if all EU member states are in the WTO that doesn’t mean all WTO member nations are in the EU – prefer our interp – we have evidence from the WTO that explains what coordinated action looks like andLimits and ground – explodes the topic to include affs about any country reducing IP – only our interp ensures link magnitude by ensuring it is an international reduction for IPP for medicine which is key to generics like the innovation DA which requires reducing IP across the board, WTO bad, negotiations and politics DAs, circumvention – stretches pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precluding rigorous testing – theory and medicine spec affs solve PICsTVA – spec a medicineTopic ed – WTO patent waivers are the topic – their aff is just domestic policy passed in ~~state~~ – proven by their second advantage – none of their internal links are about medical trade secrets which proves their interpretation is a cheap way of getting a relations impact about any two countries – justifies the US-Mexico or China-Japan aff. Outweighs – prep is determined by the lit and we only have 2 months to debate the topicParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 10/16/21 |
SO - T - WTO v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Chris Castillo 1NC – TInterpretation: topical affs must fiat an action through the World Trade OrganizationMember nations of the WTO make policies as a wholeWTO ND ~(World Trade Organization) "What is the WTO?" https://www.wto.org/english/thewto'e/whatis'e/whatis'e.htm~~ BC AND , the WTO is a member-driven, consensus-based organization. Collective nouns are singular – this means "member nations" refers to a singular entityMLA 3/8 ~"Should I use a singular or plural verb with a collective noun?" MLA Style Center, 3/8/2021~ JL AND (The team collectively paints the mural, so the verb is singular.) "The" indicates all member states.Merriam-Webster ~Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/the, ~Lex AKu Violation – they don’t – EU member states are distinct from WTO member nationsPreferPrecision – even if all EU member states are in the WTO that doesn’t mean all WTO member nations are in the EU – prefer our interp – we have evidence from the WTO that explains what coordinated action looks like andLimits and ground – explodes the topic to include affs about any country reducing IP – only our interp ensures link magnitude by ensuring it is an international reduction for IPP for medicine which is key to generics like the innovation DA which requires reducing IP across the board, WTO bad, negotiations and politics DAs, circumvention – stretches pre-tournament neg prep too thin and precluding rigorous testing – theory and medicine spec affs solve PICsTVA – spec a medicineTopic ed – WTO patent waivers are the topic – their aff is just domestic policy passed in EU– none of their internal links are about medical trade secrets which proves their interpretation is a cheap way of getting a relations impact about any two countries – justifies the US-Mexico or China-Japan aff. Outweighs – prep is determined by the lit and we only have 2 months to debate the topicParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startCompeting interps – reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentationFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 10/24/21 |
SO - Theory - New Affs BadTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Holy Cross ND | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1NCInterpretation: Debaters must disclose new affirmatives on the wiki 30 minutes before they are read in round.Violation: You didn’t I’ll insert a screenshot here:
Net benefits -1 - Testing: There are hundreds of potential aff positions, disclosure of the aff directs pre-round prep which ensures the debate is about the substance of the position as opposed to generics, which is key to nuanced clash and in depth debate. Their interpretation forces the negative to read frivolous theory or kritiks with overly broad points of disagreement with the aff.2 - New does not mean better: Your interp encourages debaters to try to win rounds with surprise strategies as opposed to well researched positions, which kills predictability and iterative content mastery.Vote on fairness because it is axiomatically necessary to determine the better debater over the better cheaterVote on education because it is the reason why schools fund debateUse competing interps:Reasonability is arbitrary which invites judge intervention or random unjustified thresholds.Competing interpretations deters future abuse by creating consistent norms that debaters can be held to in the future.Drop the debater:Deters future abuse the greatest incentive in debate is competitive success so debaters won’t read positions if they can’t win on them. | 9/19/21 |
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