Immaculate Heart Rees Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Damus | 2 | Marlborough ZG | Sam Larson |
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| Damus | 3 | Marlborough VA | Rebecca Steiner |
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| Damus | Octas | Harker AA | panel |
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| Damus | 6 | Harker NA | Anish Ramireddy |
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| Damus | Quarters | Harker RM | Panel |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Sam Barlow EL | Claudia Ribera |
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| Greenhill | 1 | West HS SLC OW | Varad Agarwala |
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| Greenhill | 3 | Southlake Carrol SD | Samantha McLoughlin |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Bellarmine AK | Kartikeya Kotamraju |
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| Loyola | 4 | Marlborough ML | Lucas Hunter |
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| Loyola | 5 | Peninsula BD | Tej Gedela |
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| Loyola | 2 | Princeton Independent JG | Jonah Gentleman |
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| Meadows | 1 | Martin Luther King JO | Sam Larson |
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| Meadows | 4 | Solebury LN | Taisei Summerhays |
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| Meadows | 6 | Northern Valley HS Independent JS | Jacob Smith |
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| Nano Nagle | 2 | Marlborough HH | Gordon Krauss |
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| Nano Nagle | 4 | BASIS Independent Silicon Valley Independent SK | Quentin Clark |
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| Nano Nagle | 6 | Harker DV | Lukas Krause |
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| St Marks | 2 | Westwood AG | Elijah Smith |
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| St Marks | 4 | Westwood AR | Emmiee Malyugina |
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| St Marks | 5 | Dulles NJ | Vishan Chaudhary |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Damus | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough ZG | Judge: Sam Larson 1ac - Labor AC |
| Damus | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Rebecca Steiner 1ac - Labor |
| Damus | Octas | Opponent: Harker AA | Judge: panel 1ac - labor |
| Damus | 6 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Anish Ramireddy 1ac - Labor |
| Damus | Quarters | Opponent: Harker RM | Judge: Panel 1ac - Labor v2 |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Sam Barlow EL | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1ac - labor |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: West HS SLC OW | Judge: Varad Agarwala 1ac - CRISPR |
| Greenhill | 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin 1ac - CRISPR |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Bellarmine AK | Judge: Kartikeya Kotamraju 1ac - Crispr v3 |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Marlborough ML | Judge: Lucas Hunter 1ac - Crispr |
| Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Peninsula BD | Judge: Tej Gedela 1ac - CRISPR |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Princeton Independent JG | Judge: Jonah Gentleman 1ac - Crispr |
| Meadows | 1 | Opponent: Martin Luther King JO | Judge: Sam Larson 1ac - Crispr v5 |
| Meadows | 4 | Opponent: Solebury LN | Judge: Taisei Summerhays 1ac - Malaria |
| Meadows | 6 | Opponent: Northern Valley HS Independent JS | Judge: Jacob Smith 1ac - Malaria v2 |
| Nano Nagle | 2 | Opponent: Marlborough HH | Judge: Gordon Krauss 1ac - crispr |
| Nano Nagle | 4 | Opponent: BASIS Independent Silicon Valley Independent SK | Judge: Quentin Clark 1ac - crispr |
| Nano Nagle | 6 | Opponent: Harker DV | Judge: Lukas Krause 1ac - crispr |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Elijah Smith 1ac - crispr |
| St Marks | 4 | Opponent: Westwood AR | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1ac - crispr |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Dulles NJ | Judge: Vishan Chaudhary 1ac - crispr |
| x | 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x x |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: x | Round: 1 | Opponent: x | Judge: x email: rrees2023@ihs.immaculateheart.org (preferred) Please note that my cites don't always work but I have everything opensourced navigation | 9/20/21 |
ND - Labor ACTournament: Damus | Round: 2 | Opponent: Marlborough ZG | Judge: Sam Larson Labor ACACPlanPlan: The United States should recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Advantage 1 — WorkforceAdvantage one is the workforceLabor unrest is increasing and there is momentum to strike, but current laws leave workers powerless.Semuels 10/8 ~(Alana, Journalist and currently senior economics correspondent at TIME magazine, previously The Atlantic, The Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe.) "U.S. Workers Are Realizing It’s the Perfect Time to Go on Strike," TIME, 10/8/21. https://time.com/6105109/workers-strike-unemployment/~~ RR AND she finally feels respected. But she makes $13 less an hour. Strikes are key to revitalizing labor unions.Bahn 19 ~(Kate, the director of labor market policy and interim chief economist at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth) "The once and future role of strikes in ensuring U.S. worker power" Washington Center for Equitable Growth, 8/29/19. https://equitablegrowth.org/the-once-and-future-role-of-strikes-in-ensuring-u-s-worker-power/~~ RR AND efforts when the labor market lacks competition that would increase worker bargaining power. Labor shortages now are because of low wages— unions reverse that by allowing for bargaining.Lopezlira and Jacobs 9/3 ~(Enrique, is the director of the Low-Wage Work program at the UC Berkeley Labor Center. He is a labor economist, directing and conducting research on how policies affect working families, with a particular focus on how these policies impact racial and gender equity. Doctorate in Economics from Howard University) (Ken, the chair of the University of California, Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education, where he has been a labor specialist since 2002.) "Don’t Mistake the Disappointing Jobs Numbers for a Labor Shortage," Barron’s, 9/3/21. https://www.barrons.com/articles/dont-mistake-the-disappointing-jobs-numbers-for-a-labor-shortage-51630698151~~ RR AND majority of workers continue depends on the decisions we make as a society. Industrial workforce shortages are happening now— Covid and inability to compete.Scull and Stone 8/28 ~(John, an associate in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. His practice focuses on representing employers in workplace law matters, including preventive advice and counseling.) (James, a principal of the Cleveland, Ohio, office of Jackson Lewis P.C. From the opening of the office in 2006 until early 2020, Jim served as office managing principal in Cleveland. At that time, he stepped down to focus on his busy practice and increased task force activities within practice groups and serving as co-leader of the firm’s Manufacturing industry group.) "Manufacturing Labor Shortage: Cultivating Skilled Labor By Engaging Local Communities," JDSupra, 8/28/21. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/manufacturing-labor-shortage-1463687/~~ RR AND old, and older workers are retiring faster than they are being replaced. A strong industrial workforce is key to US military primacyBloomberg Editorial Board 4/7 ~(Members of the editorial board will write and edit in other capacities within Bloomberg Opinion. Because our columnists have always spoken for themselves, they will continue as before — though columnists will still refrain from endorsing candidates, a policy we have had in place since we started in 2011.) "America’s Depleted Industrial Base Is a National Security Crisis," Bloomberg, 4/7/21. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-04-07/america-s-depleted-industrial-base-is-a-national-security-crisis~~ RR AND national security, but also for the preservation of peace around the world. US primacy prevents great-power conflict — multipolar revisionism fragments the global order and causes nuclear warBrands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 6: Darkening Horizon; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) AND with an eye to preserving and perhaps even selectively advancing its remarkable achievements. Retrenchment causes nationalism, war, and protectionism – optimists falsely assume current cooperative trends will continue without the US security guaranteeMatthew Fay 17, Director of Defense and Foreign Policy Studies @ The Niskanen Center, 11/16/17, "America Unrestrained?: Engagement, Retrenchment, and Libertarian Foreign Policy," https://niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/America-Unrestrained.pdf AND might choose to obtain a nuclear arsenal once responsible for their own security. Pursuit is inevitableWright 20 ~(Thomas, director of the Center on the United States and Europe and a senior fellow in the Project on International Order and Strategy at the Brookings Institution, former lecturer at the University of Chicago's Harris School for Public Policy, PhD from Georgetown University and M.Phil. from Cambridge University) "The Folly of Retrenchment: Why America Can’t Withdraw From the World," Foreign Affairs, 4/2020~ JL AND the risk of miscalculation by Washington, its allies, or its rivals. ====Heg is sustainable – America has strong bones==== AND but he does think that it will long remain the world’s leading power. Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? Advantage 2 — DemocracyAdvantage two is democracyThe US is instigating a global democratic crisis – any lapse in US policy spills overWerner 7/9 ~(Jake, a Postdoctoral Global China Research Fellow at the Boston University Global Development Policy Center.) "Does America Really Support Democracy—or Just Other Rich Democracies?" Foreign Affairs, 7/9/2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2021-07-09/does-america-really-support-democracy-or-just-other-rich~~ BC AND that characterizes the global economy, which is often the more consequential division. A right to strike solves 3 warrants—Worker strikes withhold labor from wealthy elites to make way for new progressive legislature.Pope 18 ~(James Gray, a distinguished professor of law at Rutgers Law School and serves on the executive council of the Rutgers Council of AAUP/AFT Chapters, AFL-CIO.) "Labor’s right to strike is essential," PSC Cuny, September 2018. https://www.psc-cuny.org/clarion/september-2018/laborE28099s-right-strike-essential~~ RR AND clear the way for progressive legislation just as they did in the 1930s. Strikes are key political tools— they incentivize being active in political institutions and transform conditions.Reddy 1/6 ~(Diana S., a Doctoral Fellow at the Law, Economics, and Politics Center at UC Berkeley Law, and a PhD candidate in UCB's Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program.) ""There Is No Such Thing as an Illegal Strike": Reconceptualizing the Strike in Law and Political Economy," The Yale Law Journal, 1/6/21. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-illegal-strike-reconceptualizing-the-strike-in-law-and-political-economy~~ RR AND part of engaging a broad swath of the public in reconceptualizing political economy. Strikes are key to take decisive action if democracy is threatened.Madeloni 20 ~(Barbara, is the education coordinator at Labor Notes and a former president of the Massachusetts Teachers Association.) "Unions Are Beginning to Talk About Staving Off a Possible Coup," LaborNotes, 10/15/20. https://labornotes.org/2020/10/unions-are-beginning-talk-about-staving-possible-coup~~ RR AND should be prepared to take decisive action if our democratic traditions are threatened." Democracies are key to solve climate change— US democratic leadership is key.Fiorino 9/22 ~(Daniel J, is the Director of the Center for Environmental Policy at American University in Washington DC. He his author of Can Democracy Handle Climate Change? (Polity, 2018). ) "Democracy is suited to tackle climate change," Democracy Without Borders, 9/22/21. https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/20869/democracy-is-suited-to-tackle-climate-change/~~ RR AND on the shelf and revive when a crisis passes, if it does. Warming causes extinction – any reduction should be prioritized above every other impactRamanathan et al. 17 ~Veerabhadran Ramanathan is Victor Alderson Professor of Applied Ocean Sciences and director of the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, Dr. William Collins is an internationally recognized expert in climate modeling and climate change science. He is the Director of the Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division (CESD) for the Earth and Environmental Sciences Area (EESA) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Prof. Dr Mark Lawrence, Ph.D. is scientific director at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam, Örjan Gustafsson is a Professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Analytic Chemistry at Stockholm University, Shichang Kang is Professor, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, and Molina, M.J., Zaelke, D., Borgford-Parnell, N., Xu, Y., Alex, K., Auffhammer, M., Bledsoe, P., Croes, B., Forman, F., Haines, A., Harnish, R., Jacobson, M.Z., Lawrence, M., Leloup, D., Lenton, T., Morehouse, T., Munk, W., Picolotti, R., Prather, K., Raga, G., Rignot, E., Shindell, D., Singh, A.K., Steiner, A., Thiemens, M., Titley, D.W., Tucker, M.E., Tripathi, S., and Victor, D., authors come from the following 9 countries - US, Switzerland, Sweden, UK, China, Germany, Australia, Mexico, India, "Well Under 2 Degrees Celsius: Fast Action Policies to Protect People and the Planet from Extreme Climate Change," Report of the Committee to Prevent Extreme Climate Change, September 2017, http://www.igsd.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Well-Under-2-Degrees-Celsius-Report-2017.pdf~~ TDI AND more warming acting as a force multiplier (Schuur et al., 2015). FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 11/6/21 |
ND - Labor AC v2Tournament: Damus | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harker NA | Judge: Anish Ramireddy AND she finally feels respected. But she makes $13 less an hour. Strikes are key to revitalizing labor unions. AND efforts when the labor market lacks competition that would increase worker bargaining power. Labor shortages now are because of low wages— unions reverse that by allowing for bargaining. AND majority of workers continue depends on the decisions we make as a society. Industrial workforce shortages are happening now— Covid and inability to compete. AND old, and older workers are retiring faster than they are being replaced. A strong industrial workforce is key to US military primacy AND national security, but also for the preservation of peace around the world. US primacy prevents great-power conflict — multipolar revisionism fragments the global order and causes nuclear war AND with an eye to preserving and perhaps even selectively advancing its remarkable achievements. Retrenchment causes nationalism, war, and protectionism – optimists falsely assume current cooperative trends will continue without the US security guarantee AND might choose to obtain a nuclear arsenal once responsible for their own security. Pursuit is inevitable AND the risk of miscalculation by Washington, its allies, or its rivals. Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate change While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? Advantage 2 — Democracy AND that characterizes the global economy, which is often the more consequential division. A right to strike solves 3 warrants— AND clear the way for progressive legislation just as they did in the 1930s. Strikes are key political tools— they incentivize being active in political institutions and transform conditions. AND part of engaging a broad swath of the public in reconceptualizing political economy. Strikes are key to take decisive action if democracy is threatened. AND should be prepared to take decisive action if our democratic traditions are threatened." Democracies are key to solve climate change— US democratic leadership is key. AND on the shelf and revive when a crisis passes, if it does. Warming causes extinction – any reduction should be prioritized above every other impact AND more warming acting as a force multiplier (Schuur et al., 2015). Framing AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable. AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 11/8/21 |
SO - CRISPR AC v2Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: West HS SLC OW | Judge: Varad Agarwala Genomic Medicines ACACAdvantage 1 – InnovationAdvantage 1 is innovation:A huge influx of patents is coming – most recent data and trends from this yearMischel 4/27 ~(Fiona Mischel, Editor-in-Chief of SynBioBeta. She frequently covers sustainability, CRISPR research, food and agriculture technology, and biotech for space travel) "Who Owns CRISPR in 2021? It’s Even More Complicated Than You Think" SynBioBeta, 4/27/2021. https://synbiobeta.com/who-owns-crispr-in-2021-its-even-more-complicated-than-you-think/~~ BC AND future, we cannot leave the fundamental promise of science in the dust. Makes development of genomic medicine impossible – 3 warrants:Patent disputes are imminent — new entities and foreign governments getting involved ensures conflictStramiello 18 ~(Michael, PhD, an intellectual property litigation associate in Washington, DC. His practice focuses on the life sciences industry) "CRISPR: The New Frontier of Biotechnology Innovation" American Bar Association, Jan/Feb 2018. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/intellectual'property'law/publications/landslide/2017-18/january-february/crispr-new-frontier-biotechnology-innovation-digital-feature/~~ BC AND China, patents are subject to invalidation proceedings after they are issued."25 IP disputes foreclose research collaboration between universities, which has historically enabled critical scientific breakthroughsSherkow 17 ~(Jacob, Professor of Law at the College of Law and Affiliate of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois, where his research focuses on the legal and ethical implications of advanced biotechnologies, especially as related to intellectual property. He is a leading expert on IP protection for genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR. He is the author of over 60 articles published in both scientific journals and traditional law reviews, including Science, Nature, the Yale Law Journal, and the Stanford Law Review. Since 2018, Sherkow has also been a Permanent Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law ("CeBIL") at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law) "Patent protection for CRISPR: an ELSI review" Journal of Law and the Biosciences 12/7/2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5965580/~~ BC AND hope that the CRISPR patent dispute teaches others that such myopia isn’t warranted. Patent disputes create fears of litigation that deter genome research and investmentReader 10/10 ~(Ruth, writer for Fast Company, covers the intersection of health and technology) "2 women won the Nobel for CRISPR, but the battle for its patent rages on" Fast Company, 10/10/2020 https://www.fastcompany.com/90561762/nobel-prize-jennifer-doudna-emmanuelle-charpentier-crispr-patent-lawsuit~~ BC AND million and signed a deal with pharmaceutical company Biogen to implement its technology. Uncertainty about licensing ensures technology is not distributed or developed - smaller firms don’t know where they need to seek approval fromSterlin 20 ~(Ian, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, Executive Editor of the Michigan Technology Law Review) "The CRISPR War Drags On: How the Fight to Patent CRISPR-Cas9 Creates Uncertainty in the Biotechnology Sphere," Michigan Technology Law Review, 3/2020~ JL AND order to make researchers feel secure in developing further technological innovations using CRISPR-. CRISPR solves disease, but continued innovation is keyThorne 20 ~(Lucy, PhD, received a BSc. in Biochemistry from University of Leeds and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from University of Liverpool in the UK. She is currently working as a freelance consultant in Cambridge, UK writing CRISPR-related content for Biocompare.) "CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing: A New Weapon against Infectious Disease" Biocompare, 1/14/2020. https://www.biocompare.com/Editorial-Articles/559757-CRISPR-Cas-Gene-Editing-A-New-Weapon-against-Infectious-Disease/~~ BC AND clinic and help combat the growing specter of antimicrobial resistance and infectious disease. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 Advantage 2 – WTO credibilityAdvantage 2 is WTO cred:New EU trade restrictions on genome editing contradicts WTO agreements which makes future disputes inevitableMenz et al. 20 ~(Dr. Jochen Menz, of Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants) Modrzejewski (Dominik PhD, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Hartung (Frank, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Wilhelm (Ralf, Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Sprink (Thorben, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) "Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment" Front Plant Sci, 10/9/2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581933/~~ BC AND agricultural activities. Without any changes in European legislation the issue stays unresolved. EU-WTO conflict causes WTO collapse – it’s the glue that holds the organization together in an international arena characterized by US and China trade disputesHorton and Hopewell 8/3 ~(Ben, Communications Manager; Project Lead, Common Futures Conversations) (Dr Kristen, Associate Professor, and Canada Research Chair in Global Policy, University of British Columbia) "Lessons from Trump’s assault on the World Trade Organization", Chatham House 8/3/2021 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/08/lessons-trumps-assault-world-trade-organization~~ BC AND could unravel, throwing us back into economic chaos and potentially political disorder. Economic decline causes global nuclear warTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Independently, protectionism causes great power competition and militarized regionalism.Lake 18. ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/~~ TDI AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPlan: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce IP protections for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.Harmonized approaches to CRISPR solve misapplication – answers any impact turnWachowicz 19 ~(Jessica, a third-year student at the University of Washington School of Law whose primary area of study is emerging technologies and the legal issues associated therewith.) "The Patentability of Gene Editing Technologies such as CRISPR and the Harmonization of Laws Relating to Germline Editing, " Intellectual Property Breif, 2019 https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol10/iss1/2/~~ RR AND that promote progress in this area while maintaining consistency with concepts of morality. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 9/18/21 |
SO - CRISPR AC v3Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin Genomic Medicines ACACAdvantage 1 – InnovationAdvantage 1 is innovation:A huge influx of patents is coming – most recent data and trends from this yearMischel 4/27 ~(Fiona Mischel, Editor-in-Chief of SynBioBeta. She frequently covers sustainability, CRISPR research, food and agriculture technology, and biotech for space travel) "Who Owns CRISPR in 2021? It’s Even More Complicated Than You Think" SynBioBeta, 4/27/2021. https://synbiobeta.com/who-owns-crispr-in-2021-its-even-more-complicated-than-you-think/~~ BC AND future, we cannot leave the fundamental promise of science in the dust. Makes development of genomic medicine impossible – 3 warrants:Patent disputes are imminent — new entities and foreign governments getting involved ensures conflictStramiello 18 ~(Michael, PhD, an intellectual property litigation associate in Washington, DC. His practice focuses on the life sciences industry) "CRISPR: The New Frontier of Biotechnology Innovation" American Bar Association, Jan/Feb 2018. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/intellectual'property'law/publications/landslide/2017-18/january-february/crispr-new-frontier-biotechnology-innovation-digital-feature/~~ BC AND China, patents are subject to invalidation proceedings after they are issued."25 IP disputes foreclose research collaboration between universities, which has historically enabled critical scientific breakthroughsSherkow 17 ~(Jacob, Professor of Law at the College of Law and Affiliate of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois, where his research focuses on the legal and ethical implications of advanced biotechnologies, especially as related to intellectual property. He is a leading expert on IP protection for genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR. He is the author of over 60 articles published in both scientific journals and traditional law reviews, including Science, Nature, the Yale Law Journal, and the Stanford Law Review. Since 2018, Sherkow has also been a Permanent Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law ("CeBIL") at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law) "Patent protection for CRISPR: an ELSI review" Journal of Law and the Biosciences 12/7/2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5965580/~~ BC AND hope that the CRISPR patent dispute teaches others that such myopia isn’t warranted. Patent disputes create fears of litigation that deter genome research and investmentReader 10/10 ~(Ruth, writer for Fast Company, covers the intersection of health and technology) "2 women won the Nobel for CRISPR, but the battle for its patent rages on" Fast Company, 10/10/2020 https://www.fastcompany.com/90561762/nobel-prize-jennifer-doudna-emmanuelle-charpentier-crispr-patent-lawsuit~~ BC AND million and signed a deal with pharmaceutical company Biogen to implement its technology. Uncertainty about licensing ensures technology is not distributed or developed - smaller firms don’t know where they need to seek approval fromSterlin 20 ~(Ian, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, Executive Editor of the Michigan Technology Law Review) "The CRISPR War Drags On: How the Fight to Patent CRISPR-Cas9 Creates Uncertainty in the Biotechnology Sphere," Michigan Technology Law Review, 3/2020~ JL AND order to make researchers feel secure in developing further technological innovations using CRISPR-. CRISPR solves disease, but continued innovation is keyThorne 20 ~(Lucy, PhD, received a BSc. in Biochemistry from University of Leeds and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from University of Liverpool in the UK. She is currently working as a freelance consultant in Cambridge, UK writing CRISPR-related content for Biocompare.) "CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing: A New Weapon against Infectious Disease" Biocompare, 1/14/2020. https://www.biocompare.com/Editorial-Articles/559757-CRISPR-Cas-Gene-Editing-A-New-Weapon-against-Infectious-Disease/~~ BC AND clinic and help combat the growing specter of antimicrobial resistance and infectious disease. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 Harmonized approaches to CRISPR solve misapplication – answers any impact turnWachowicz 19 ~(Jessica, a third-year student at the University of Washington School of Law whose primary area of study is emerging technologies and the legal issues associated therewith.) "The Patentability of Gene Editing Technologies such as CRISPR and the Harmonization of Laws Relating to Germline Editing, " Intellectual Property Breif, 2019 https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol10/iss1/2/~~ RR AND that promote progress in this area while maintaining consistency with concepts of morality. Advantage 2 – WTO credibilityAdvantage 2 is WTO cred:New EU trade restrictions on CRISPR contradicts WTO agreements which makes future disputes inevitableMenz et al. 20 ~(Dr. Jochen Menz, of Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants) Modrzejewski (Dominik PhD, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Hartung (Frank, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Wilhelm (Ralf, Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Sprink (Thorben, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) "Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment" Front Plant Sci, 10/9/2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581933/~~ BC AND agricultural activities. Without any changes in European legislation the issue stays unresolved. EU-WTO conflict causes WTO collapse – it’s the glue that holds the organization together in an international arena characterized by US and China trade disputesHorton and Hopewell 8/3 ~(Ben, Communications Manager; Project Lead, Common Futures Conversations) (Dr Kristen, Associate Professor, and Canada Research Chair in Global Policy, University of British Columbia) "Lessons from Trump’s assault on the World Trade Organization", Chatham House 8/3/2021 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/08/lessons-trumps-assault-world-trade-organization~~ BC AND could unravel, throwing us back into economic chaos and potentially political disorder. Economic decline causes global nuclear warTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Independently, protectionism causes great power competition and militarized regionalism.Lake 18. ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/~~ TDI AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPlan: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce IP protections for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.CRISPR is segemnt of DNA that uses proteins to modify other strands of DNALexico ND ~(Lexico dictionary) https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/crispr~~ BC AND DNA and its associated protein to edit the base pairs of a gene. And it is a drug that treats diseases and cures illnessesSfera 2/24 ~(Dan, entrepreneur. Clinical Trials) "CRISPR Therapeutics creates gene-based medicines", Real Dan Sfera, 2/24/2021. https://therealdansfera.medium.com/crispr-therapeutics-creates-gene-based-medicines-25a66c674998~~ BC AND , while Vertex obtained the rights to market the treatments to be developed. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 9/18/21 |
SO - CRISPR AC v4Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westwood AG | Judge: Elijah Smith Genomic Medicines ACACAdvantage 1 – InnovationAdvantage 1 is innovation:A huge influx of patents is coming – most recent data and trends from this yearMischel 4/27 ~(Fiona Mischel, Editor-in-Chief of SynBioBeta. She frequently covers sustainability, CRISPR research, food and agriculture technology, and biotech for space travel) "Who Owns CRISPR in 2021? It’s Even More Complicated Than You Think" SynBioBeta, 4/27/2021. https://synbiobeta.com/who-owns-crispr-in-2021-its-even-more-complicated-than-you-think/~~ BC AND future, we cannot leave the fundamental promise of science in the dust. Makes development of genomic medicine impossible – 3 warrants:Patent disputes are imminent — new entities and foreign governments getting involved ensures conflictStramiello 18 ~(Michael, PhD, an intellectual property litigation associate in Washington, DC. His practice focuses on the life sciences industry) "CRISPR: The New Frontier of Biotechnology Innovation" American Bar Association, Jan/Feb 2018. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/intellectual'property'law/publications/landslide/2017-18/january-february/crispr-new-frontier-biotechnology-innovation-digital-feature/~~ BC AND China, patents are subject to invalidation proceedings after they are issued."25 IP disputes foreclose research collaboration between universities, which has historically enabled critical scientific breakthroughsSherkow 17 ~(Jacob, Professor of Law at the College of Law and Affiliate of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois, where his research focuses on the legal and ethical implications of advanced biotechnologies, especially as related to intellectual property. He is a leading expert on IP protection for genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR. He is the author of over 60 articles published in both scientific journals and traditional law reviews, including Science, Nature, the Yale Law Journal, and the Stanford Law Review. Since 2018, Sherkow has also been a Permanent Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law ("CeBIL") at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law) "Patent protection for CRISPR: an ELSI review" Journal of Law and the Biosciences 12/7/2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5965580/~~ BC AND hope that the CRISPR patent dispute teaches others that such myopia isn’t warranted. Patent disputes create fears of litigation that deter genome research and investmentReader 10/10 ~(Ruth, writer for Fast Company, covers the intersection of health and technology) "2 women won the Nobel for CRISPR, but the battle for its patent rages on" Fast Company, 10/10/2020 https://www.fastcompany.com/90561762/nobel-prize-jennifer-doudna-emmanuelle-charpentier-crispr-patent-lawsuit~~ BC AND million and signed a deal with pharmaceutical company Biogen to implement its technology. Uncertainty about licensing ensures technology is not distributed or developed - smaller firms don’t know where they need to seek approval fromSterlin 20 ~(Ian, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, Executive Editor of the Michigan Technology Law Review) "The CRISPR War Drags On: How the Fight to Patent CRISPR-Cas9 Creates Uncertainty in the Biotechnology Sphere," Michigan Technology Law Review, 3/2020~ JL AND order to make researchers feel secure in developing further technological innovations using CRISPR-. CRISPR solves disease, but continued innovation is keyThorne 20 ~(Lucy, PhD, received a BSc. in Biochemistry from University of Leeds and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from University of Liverpool in the UK. She is currently working as a freelance consultant in Cambridge, UK writing CRISPR-related content for Biocompare.) "CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing: A New Weapon against Infectious Disease" Biocompare, 1/14/2020. https://www.biocompare.com/Editorial-Articles/559757-CRISPR-Cas-Gene-Editing-A-New-Weapon-against-Infectious-Disease/~~ BC AND clinic and help combat the growing specter of antimicrobial resistance and infectious disease. Disease causes extinction — climate change and genomic mutation irreversibly alter ecosystem equilibrium which leads to the emergence of new pathogensSupriya 4/19 ~(Lakshmi Ph.D., worked as part of the RandD group in diverse industries starting with semiconductor packaging at Intel, Arizona, where she developed a new elastomeric thermal solution, which has now been commercialized and is used in the core i3 and i5 processors. From there she went on to work at two startups, one managing the microfluidics chip manufacturing lab at a biotechnology company and the other developing polymer formulations for oil extraction from oil sands. She also worked at Saint Gobain North America, developing various material solutions for photovoltaics and processing techniques and new applications for fluoropolymers. Most recently, she managed the Indian RandD team of Enthone (now part of MacDermid) developing electroplating technologies for precious metals. She has been a freelance science journalist and science writer since 2016 and has written for publications such as The Wire, Science, and New Scientist.) "Humans versus viruses - Can we avoid extinction in near future?" News Medical, 4/19/2021. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210419/Humans-versus-viruses-Can-we-avoid-extinction-in-near-future.aspx~~ BC AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. Harmonized approaches to CRISPR solve misapplication – answers any impact turnWachowicz 19 ~(Jessica, a third-year student at the University of Washington School of Law whose primary area of study is emerging technologies and the legal issues associated therewith.) "The Patentability of Gene Editing Technologies such as CRISPR and the Harmonization of Laws Relating to Germline Editing, " Intellectual Property Breif, 2019 https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol10/iss1/2/~~ RR AND that promote progress in this area while maintaining consistency with concepts of morality. Advantage 2 – WTO credibilityAdvantage 2 is WTO cred:New EU trade restrictions on CRISPR contradicts WTO agreements which makes future disputes inevitableMenz et al. 20 ~(Dr. Jochen Menz, of Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants) Modrzejewski (Dominik PhD, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Hartung (Frank, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Wilhelm (Ralf, Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Sprink (Thorben, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) "Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment" Front Plant Sci, 10/9/2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581933/~~ BC AND agricultural activities. Without any changes in European legislation the issue stays unresolved. EU-WTO conflict causes WTO collapse – it’s the glue that holds the organization together in an international arena characterized by US and China trade disputesHorton and Hopewell 8/3 ~(Ben, Communications Manager; Project Lead, Common Futures Conversations) (Dr Kristen, Associate Professor, and Canada Research Chair in Global Policy, University of British Columbia) "Lessons from Trump’s assault on the World Trade Organization", Chatham House 8/3/2021 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/08/lessons-trumps-assault-world-trade-organization~~ BC AND could unravel, throwing us back into economic chaos and potentially political disorder. Economic decline causes global nuclear warTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Independently, protectionism causes great power competition and militarized regionalism.Lake 18. ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/~~ TDI AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPlan: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce IP protections for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats.CRISPR is segemnt of DNA that uses proteins to modify other strands of DNALexico ND ~(Lexico dictionary) https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/crispr~~ BC AND DNA and its associated protein to edit the base pairs of a gene. And it is a drug that treats diseases and cures illnessesSfera 2/24 ~(Dan, entrepreneur. Clinical Trials) "CRISPR Therapeutics creates gene-based medicines", Real Dan Sfera, 2/24/2021. https://therealdansfera.medium.com/crispr-therapeutics-creates-gene-based-medicines-25a66c674998~~ BC AND , while Vertex obtained the rights to market the treatments to be developed. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/16/21 |
SO - CRISPR AC v5Tournament: St Marks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood AR | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina AND future, we cannot leave the fundamental promise of science in the dust. Makes development of genomic medicine impossible – 3 warrants: AND China, patents are subject to invalidation proceedings after they are issued."25 IP disputes foreclose research collaboration between universities, which has historically enabled critical scientific breakthroughs AND hope that the CRISPR patent dispute teaches others that such myopia isn’t warranted. Patent disputes create fears of litigation that deter genome research and investment AND million and signed a deal with pharmaceutical company Biogen to implement its technology. Uncertainty about licensing ensures technology is not distributed or developed - smaller firms don’t know where they need to seek approval from AND order to make researchers feel secure in developing further technological innovations using CRISPR-. CRISPR solves disease, but continued innovation is key AND clinic and help combat the growing specter of antimicrobial resistance and infectious disease. Disease causes extinction — climate change and genomic mutation irreversibly alter ecosystem equilibrium which leads to the emergence of new pathogens AND the consequences may be and the next pandemic could lead us to extinction. Harmonized approaches to CRISPR solve misapplication – answers any impact turn AND that promote progress in this area while maintaining consistency with concepts of morality. Advantage 2 – WTO credibility AND agricultural activities. Without any changes in European legislation the issue stays unresolved. EU-WTO conflict causes WTO collapse – it’s the glue that holds the organization together in an international arena characterized by US and China trade disputes AND could unravel, throwing us back into economic chaos and potentially political disorder. Economic decline causes global nuclear war AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Independently, protectionism causes great power competition and militarized regionalism. AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate change While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? Solvency AND DNA and its associated protein to edit the base pairs of a gene. And it is a drug that treats diseases and cures illnesses AND , while Vertex obtained the rights to market the treatments to be developed. Framing AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable. AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/17/21 |
SO - Genomic Medicines ACTournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Princeton Independent JG | Judge: Jonah Gentleman Genomic Medicines ACACAdvantage 1 – InnovationAdvantage 1 is innovation:A huge influx of patents is coming – most recent data and trends from this yearMischel 4/27 ~(Fiona Mischel, Editor-in-Chief of SynBioBeta. She frequently covers sustainability, CRISPR research, food and agriculture technology, and biotech for space travel) "Who Owns CRISPR in 2021? It’s Even More Complicated Than You Think" SynBioBeta, 4/27/2021. https://synbiobeta.com/who-owns-crispr-in-2021-its-even-more-complicated-than-you-think/~~ BC AND future, we cannot leave the fundamental promise of science in the dust. Makes development of genomic medicine impossible – 3 warrants:Patent disputes are imminent — new entities and foreign governments getting involved ensures conflictStramiello 18 ~(Michael, PhD, an intellectual property litigation associate in Washington, DC. His practice focuses on the life sciences industry) "CRISPR: The New Frontier of Biotechnology Innovation" American Bar Association, Jan/Feb 2018. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/intellectual'property'law/publications/landslide/2017-18/january-february/crispr-new-frontier-biotechnology-innovation-digital-feature/~~ BC AND China, patents are subject to invalidation proceedings after they are issued."25 IP disputes foreclose research collaboration between universities, which has historically enabled critical scientific breakthroughsSherkow 17 ~(Jacob, Professor of Law at the College of Law and Affiliate of the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology at the University of Illinois, where his research focuses on the legal and ethical implications of advanced biotechnologies, especially as related to intellectual property. He is a leading expert on IP protection for genome-editing technologies, including CRISPR. He is the author of over 60 articles published in both scientific journals and traditional law reviews, including Science, Nature, the Yale Law Journal, and the Stanford Law Review. Since 2018, Sherkow has also been a Permanent Visiting Professor at the Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law ("CeBIL") at the University of Copenhagen Faculty of Law) "Patent protection for CRISPR: an ELSI review" Journal of Law and the Biosciences 12/7/2017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5965580/~~ BC AND hope that the CRISPR patent dispute teaches others that such myopia isn’t warranted. Patent disputes create fears of litigation that deter genome research and investmentReader 10/10 ~(Ruth, writer for Fast Company, covers the intersection of health and technology) "2 women won the Nobel for CRISPR, but the battle for its patent rages on" Fast Company, 10/10/2020 https://www.fastcompany.com/90561762/nobel-prize-jennifer-doudna-emmanuelle-charpentier-crispr-patent-lawsuit~~ BC AND million and signed a deal with pharmaceutical company Biogen to implement its technology. Uncertainty about licensing ensures technology is not distributed or developed - smaller firms don’t know where they need to seek approval fromSterlin 20 ~(Ian, JD from the University of Michigan Law School, Executive Editor of the Michigan Technology Law Review) "The CRISPR War Drags On: How the Fight to Patent CRISPR-Cas9 Creates Uncertainty in the Biotechnology Sphere," Michigan Technology Law Review, 3/2020~ JL AND order to make researchers feel secure in developing further technological innovations using CRISPR-. CRISPR solves disease, but continued innovation is keyThorne 20 ~(Lucy, PhD, received a BSc. in Biochemistry from University of Leeds and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from University of Liverpool in the UK. She is currently working as a freelance consultant in Cambridge, UK writing CRISPR-related content for Biocompare.) "CRISPR-Cas Gene Editing: A New Weapon against Infectious Disease" Biocompare, 1/14/2020. https://www.biocompare.com/Editorial-Articles/559757-CRISPR-Cas-Gene-Editing-A-New-Weapon-against-Infectious-Disease/~~ BC AND clinic and help combat the growing specter of antimicrobial resistance and infectious disease. Extinction – defense is wrongPiers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity", Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2 Advantage 2 – WTO credibilityAdvantage 2 is WTO cred:New EU trade restrictions on genome editing contradicts WTO agreements which makes future disputes inevitableMenz et al. 20 ~(Dr. Jochen Menz, of Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants) Modrzejewski (Dominik PhD, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Hartung (Frank, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Wilhelm (Ralf, Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) Sprink (Thorben, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology) "Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment" Front Plant Sci, 10/9/2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7581933/~~ BC AND agricultural activities. Without any changes in European legislation the issue stays unresolved. EU-WTO conflict causes WTO collapse – it’s the glue that holds the organization together in an international arena characterized by US and China trade disputesHorton and Hopewell 8/3 ~(Ben, Communications Manager; Project Lead, Common Futures Conversations) (Dr Kristen, Associate Professor, and Canada Research Chair in Global Policy, University of British Columbia) "Lessons from Trump’s assault on the World Trade Organization", Chatham House 8/3/2021 https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/08/lessons-trumps-assault-world-trade-organization~~ BC AND could unravel, throwing us back into economic chaos and potentially political disorder. Economic decline causes global nuclear warTønnesson 15 ~(Stein, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University) "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311, 2015~ SJDI AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Independently, protectionism causes great power competition and militarized regionalism.Lake 18. ~(David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States," April 30, 2018. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3171196/~~ TDI AND politics and grand strategy,14 and systemic theories of international relations.15 Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPlan: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce IP protections on genomic medicines.Harmonized approaches to CRISPR solve misapplication – answers any impact turnWachowicz 19 ~(Jessica, a third-year student at the University of Washington School of Law whose primary area of study is emerging technologies and the legal issues associated therewith.) "The Patentability of Gene Editing Technologies such as CRISPR and the Harmonization of Laws Relating to Germline Editing, " Intellectual Property Breif, 2019 https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/ipbrief/vol10/iss1/2/~~ RR AND that promote progress in this area while maintaining consistency with concepts of morality. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 9/6/21 |
SO - Malaria ACTournament: Meadows | Round: 4 | Opponent: Solebury LN | Judge: Taisei Summerhays Malaria AC1ACAdvantage 1New vaccines have the potential to solve malaria, but will be patentedHackett 4/17 ~(Don, serves as the publisher for the Precision Vax information network. Don first entered the news industry in 1967, when he began selling the Philadelphia Bulletin after grade school in Ardmore, PA. His focus on vaccines began with the completion of the Human Genome project in 2003, which forecasted scientific breakthroughs and the future delivery a personalized medicine and vaccines. More recently, Donald has been publishing digital health information for patients and healthcare providers. Since 1996, Don has helped launch digital companies such as Physician Computer Network, drKoop.com, 1-800-Doctors, myDNA, Mirixa, Digital Pharmacist, and Precision Vax. Donald has served on the advisory boards of the FDA Vaccine Advisory Task Force, CDC Vaccine Information Project, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Texas eHealth Alliance, CMS Pharmacist eCare Plan, CDC's Immunization Information System, and was a founding member of the HIPAA work-group in 1995.) "Yale Researchers Patent Next-Gen Malaria Vaccine Candidate" Precision Vaccinations, 4/17/2021. https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/yale-researchers-patent-next-gen-malaria-vaccine-candidate~~ BC AND travelers speak with a travel vaccine specialist one-month before traveling abroad. IP prevents vaccine success:Non-industry patents allow companies to over charge for malaria vaccines - that kills RandD and vaccine purchasingÅrdal and Røttingen 14 ~(Christine, Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Section for Global Health, Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway) (John-Arne, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America) "An Open Source Business Model for Malaria" PLoS ONE, 2/6/2015. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117150~~ BC AND similar benefits can be achieved with first-mover status on WHO prequalification. "Patent thickets" delay the delivery of vaccines and prevent companies from experimenting with different antigen combinations which is necessary to develop the optimal vaccineShotwell 07 ~(Sandra, Managing Partner, Alta Biomedical Group) "Patent Consolidation and Equitable Access: PATH’s Malaria Vaccines" Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices, 2007. http://www.iphandbook.org/handbook/ch17/p21/~~ BC AND themselves. Assessing the availability of access to key patents becomes a priority. IPP prevents vaccine market development - that’s key to the development of affordable generics and boosting global vaccine supplyAars et al. 6/16 ~(Ole Kristian, Spark Street Advisors, New York) Clark (Michael, Spark Street Advisors, New York) Schwalbe (Nina, Spark Street Advisors, New York. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, ZA, South Africa orresponding author at: Heilbrunn School of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health) "Increasing efficiency in vaccine Production: A primer for change" Elsevier, 6/16/2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136221000218~~#! ~ AND potentially, support DCMVN manufacturers with skills like legal expertise and negotiation strategy. Malaria kills 2.7 million annually – climate change increases cases by 80 millionBuck and Finnigan 8/11 ~(Emily, Madigan Army Medical Center) (Nancy, Campbell University) "Malaria" StatPearls, 8/11/2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551711/~~ BC AND is postulated to increase malaria incidence by 50 to 80 million.~1~ Independently, malaria prolongs and encourages civil warBagozzi 16 ~(Benjamin, Department of Political Science, University of Minnesota) "On Malaria and the Duration of Civil War" Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24755897.pdf?refreqid=excelsior3Aec750bfda9401e7eb1568fe006fea131~~ BC AND the very resources that past scholarship suggests will allow them to resist total defeat African civil wars escalate – they ensure US, Russia, and China draw inHicks et al. 3/4 ~(Marcus, a retired Air Force Major General who served as Commander of U.S. Special Operations Command, Africa, from 2017 to 2019. He previously was Chief of Staff at the U.S. Special Operations Command and a career AC-130 pilot.) Atwell (Kyle, an active-duty U.S. Army Officer, a Ph.D. student at the School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, and a cohost of the Irregular Warfare Podcast.) Collini (Dan, an active-duty U.S. Army Officer and a Joint Chiefs of Staff Fellow.) "Great-Power Competition Is Coming to Africa" Foreign Affairs, 3/4/2021. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/2021-03-04/great-power-competition-coming-africa~~ BC AND the political, economic, and developmental groundwork for future stability and prosperity. Increased Chinese and Russian influence in Africa kills US primacy – they don’t have control now, but military conflict lets them assert dominance in the regionTurse 19 ~(Nick, contributing writer for The Intercept, reporting on national security and foreign policy. He is the author, most recently, of "Next Time They’ll Come to Count the Dead: War and Survival in South Sudan," as well as "Tomorrow's Battlefield: U.S. Proxy Wars and Secret Ops in Africa," and "Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam." He has written for the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, The Nation, and Village Voice, among other publications. He has received a Ridenhour Prize for Investigative Reporting, a James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Turse is a fellow at The Nation Institute and the managing editor of TomDispatch.com.) "U.S. GENERALS WORRY ABOUT RISING RUSSIAN AND CHINESE INFLUENCE IN AFRICA, DOCUMENTS SHOW" The Intercept, 8/13/2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/08/13/russia-china-military-africa/~~ BC AND to threaten U.S. freedom of maneuver in and around Africa." US primacy prevents great-power conflict — multipolar revisionism fragments the global order and causes nuclear warBrands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 6: Darkening Horizon; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) AND with an eye to preserving and perhaps even selectively advancing its remarkable achievements. Retrenchment causes nationalism, war, and protectionism – optimists falsely assume current cooperative trends will continue without the US security guaranteeMatthew Fay 17, Director of Defense and Foreign Policy Studies @ The Niskanen Center, 11/16/17, "America Unrestrained?: Engagement, Retrenchment, and Libertarian Foreign Policy," https://niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/America-Unrestrained.pdf AND might choose to obtain a nuclear arsenal once responsible for their own security. Pursuit is inevitableWright 20 ~(Thomas, director of the Center on the United States and Europe and a senior fellow in the Project on International Order and Strategy at the Brookings Institution, former lecturer at the University of Chicago's Harris School for Public Policy, PhD from Georgetown University and M.Phil. from Cambridge University) "The Folly of Retrenchment: Why America Can’t Withdraw From the World," Foreign Affairs, 4/2020~ JL AND the risk of miscalculation by Washington, its allies, or its rivals. ====Heg is sustainable – America has strong bones==== AND but he does think that it will long remain the world’s leading power. Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPLAN: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for anti-malarial medicines.Todd 19 ~(Matthew, Professor of Drug Discovery, Pharma and Biochemistry at the UCL School of Pharmacy. He founded and currently leads the Open Source Malaria (OSM) and Open Source Mycetoma (MycetOS) consortia and is a founder of a broader Open Source Pharma movement. He is on the Editorial Boards of PLoS One, ChemistryOpen and Nature Scientific Reports.) "Open Source Malaria" Global Innovation Exchange, 5/24/2019. https://www.globalinnovationexchange.org/innovation/open-source-malaria~~ BC AND the structure of how we research and develop medicines will be irreversibly changed. It ends the outbreak and overcome past challenges in combating the illnessWillman 4/29 ~(Marnie, Virology, University of Manitoba Bannatyne and National Microbiology Laboratory) "Researchers create an effective RNA vaccine for malaria" MassiveSci, 4/29/2021. https://massivesci.com/articles/malaria-mrna-vaccine-covid-biotech-patents/~~ BC AND us see the end of the most significant global outbreak in recent history. Only the vaccine can eradicate the diseasePiper 4/28 ~(Kelsey is a Staff Writer for Vox's new vertical with a focus on the global poor, animal welfare, and risks affecting a stable future for our world. She previously worked as the head of the writing team at Triplebyte, and ran Stanford Effective Altruism during college.) "The new malaria vaccine is a total game changer" Vox, 4/28/2021. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22399386/malaria-vaccine-r21mm-public-health-global-child-mortality~~ BC AND doses, and that provoke a strong and enduring immune response. 1AR – FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/31/21 |
SO - Malaria AC v2Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Northern Valley HS Independent JS | Judge: Jacob Smith Malaria AC1ACAdvantage 1New vaccines have the potential to solve malaria, but will be patentedHackett 4/17 ~(Don, serves as the publisher for the Precision Vax information network. Don first entered the news industry in 1967, when he began selling the Philadelphia Bulletin after grade school in Ardmore, PA. His focus on vaccines began with the completion of the Human Genome project in 2003, which forecasted scientific breakthroughs and the future delivery a personalized medicine and vaccines. More recently, Donald has been publishing digital health information for patients and healthcare providers. Since 1996, Don has helped launch digital companies such as Physician Computer Network, drKoop.com, 1-800-Doctors, myDNA, Mirixa, Digital Pharmacist, and Precision Vax. Donald has served on the advisory boards of the FDA Vaccine Advisory Task Force, CDC Vaccine Information Project, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Texas eHealth Alliance, CMS Pharmacist eCare Plan, CDC's Immunization Information System, and was a founding member of the HIPAA work-group in 1995.) "Yale Researchers Patent Next-Gen Malaria Vaccine Candidate" Precision Vaccinations, 4/17/2021. https://www.precisionvaccinations.com/yale-researchers-patent-next-gen-malaria-vaccine-candidate~~ BC AND travelers speak with a travel vaccine specialist one-month before traveling abroad. IP prevents vaccine success:Non-industry patents allow companies to over charge for malaria vaccines - that kills RandD and vaccine purchasingÅrdal and Røttingen 14 ~(Christine, Department of International Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Section for Global Health, Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway) (John-Arne, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute for Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America) "An Open Source Business Model for Malaria" PLoS ONE, 2/6/2015. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117150~~ BC AND similar benefits can be achieved with first-mover status on WHO prequalification. "Patent thickets" delay the delivery of vaccines and prevent companies from experimenting with different antigen combinations which is necessary to develop the optimal vaccineShotwell 07 ~(Sandra, Managing Partner, Alta Biomedical Group) "Patent Consolidation and Equitable Access: PATH’s Malaria Vaccines" Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation: A Handbook of Best Practices, 2007. http://www.iphandbook.org/handbook/ch17/p21/~~ BC AND themselves. Assessing the availability of access to key patents becomes a priority. IPP prevents vaccine market development - that’s key to the development of affordable generics and boosting global vaccine supplyAars et al. 6/16 ~(Ole Kristian, Spark Street Advisors, New York) Clark (Michael, Spark Street Advisors, New York) Schwalbe (Nina, Spark Street Advisors, New York. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, ZA, South Africa orresponding author at: Heilbrunn School of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health) "Increasing efficiency in vaccine Production: A primer for change" Elsevier, 6/16/2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136221000218~~#! ~ AND potentially, support DCMVN manufacturers with skills like legal expertise and negotiation strategy. Malaria kills 2.7 million annually – climate change increases cases by 80 millionBuck and Finnigan 8/11 ~(Emily, Madigan Army Medical Center) (Nancy, Campbell University) "Malaria" StatPearls, 8/11/2021. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551711/~~ BC AND is postulated to increase malaria incidence by 50 to 80 million.~1~ China uses public health crisis as a means to expand soft power in the region, enhance its access to natural resources, and be owed political favors by African countries.Lin et al. 18 ~(Shuang, researcher affiliated with the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University) "China’s health assistance to Africa: opportunism or altruism?" Globalization and Health, 2016. Last updated 10/1/2018. https://globalizationandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12992-016-0217-1~~#change-history~~ BC AND could undermine its incentives and efficacy for greater international health engagement ~6~. Increased Chinese and Russian influence in Africa kills US primacy – they don’t have control now, but military conflict lets them assert dominance in the regionTurse 19 ~(Nick, contributing writer for The Intercept, reporting on national security and foreign policy. He is the author, most recently, of "Next Time They’ll Come to Count the Dead: War and Survival in South Sudan," as well as "Tomorrow's Battlefield: U.S. Proxy Wars and Secret Ops in Africa," and "Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam." He has written for the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle, The Nation, and Village Voice, among other publications. He has received a Ridenhour Prize for Investigative Reporting, a James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Turse is a fellow at The Nation Institute and the managing editor of TomDispatch.com.) "U.S. GENERALS WORRY ABOUT RISING RUSSIAN AND CHINESE INFLUENCE IN AFRICA, DOCUMENTS SHOW" The Intercept, 8/13/2019. https://theintercept.com/2019/08/13/russia-china-military-africa/~~ BC AND to threaten U.S. freedom of maneuver in and around Africa." US primacy prevents great-power conflict — multipolar revisionism fragments the global order and causes nuclear warBrands and Edel, 19 — Hal Brands; PhD, Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. Charles Edel; PhD, Senior Fellow and Visiting Scholar at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. ("The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order;" Ch. 6: Darkening Horizon; Published by Yale University Press; GrRv) AND with an eye to preserving and perhaps even selectively advancing its remarkable achievements. Retrenchment causes nationalism, war, and protectionism – optimists falsely assume current cooperative trends will continue without the US security guaranteeMatthew Fay 17, Director of Defense and Foreign Policy Studies @ The Niskanen Center, 11/16/17, "America Unrestrained?: Engagement, Retrenchment, and Libertarian Foreign Policy," https://niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/America-Unrestrained.pdf AND might choose to obtain a nuclear arsenal once responsible for their own security. Pursuit is inevitableWright 20 ~(Thomas, director of the Center on the United States and Europe and a senior fellow in the Project on International Order and Strategy at the Brookings Institution, former lecturer at the University of Chicago's Harris School for Public Policy, PhD from Georgetown University and M.Phil. from Cambridge University) "The Folly of Retrenchment: Why America Can’t Withdraw From the World," Foreign Affairs, 4/2020~ JL AND the risk of miscalculation by Washington, its allies, or its rivals. ====Heg is sustainable – America has strong bones==== AND but he does think that it will long remain the world’s leading power. Nuclear war causes extinction – famine and climate changeStarr 15 ~(Steven, Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program and a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility) "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction," Federation of American Scientists, 10/14/2015~ DD While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result AND few remaining survivors be able to survive in a radioactive, toxic environment? SolvencyPLAN: Member nations of the World Trade Organization should reduce intellectual property protections for anti-malarial medicines.Todd 19 ~(Matthew, Professor of Drug Discovery, Pharma and Biochemistry at the UCL School of Pharmacy. He founded and currently leads the Open Source Malaria (OSM) and Open Source Mycetoma (MycetOS) consortia and is a founder of a broader Open Source Pharma movement. He is on the Editorial Boards of PLoS One, ChemistryOpen and Nature Scientific Reports.) "Open Source Malaria" Global Innovation Exchange, 5/24/2019. https://www.globalinnovationexchange.org/innovation/open-source-malaria~~ BC AND the structure of how we research and develop medicines will be irreversibly changed. It ends the outbreak and overcome past challenges in combating the illnessWillman 4/29 ~(Marnie, Virology, University of Manitoba Bannatyne and National Microbiology Laboratory) "Researchers create an effective RNA vaccine for malaria" MassiveSci, 4/29/2021. https://massivesci.com/articles/malaria-mrna-vaccine-covid-biotech-patents/~~ BC AND us see the end of the most significant global outbreak in recent history. Only the vaccine can eradicate the diseasePiper 4/28 ~(Kelsey is a Staff Writer for Vox's new vertical with a focus on the global poor, animal welfare, and risks affecting a stable future for our world. She previously worked as the head of the writing team at Triplebyte, and ran Stanford Effective Altruism during college.) "The new malaria vaccine is a total game changer" Vox, 4/28/2021. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22399386/malaria-vaccine-r21mm-public-health-global-child-mortality~~ BC AND doses, and that provoke a strong and enduring immune response. 1AR – FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingFirst, pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. People consistently regard pleasure and pain as good reasons for action, despite the fact that pleasure doesn’t seem to be instrumentally valuable for anything.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. Moreover, only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable. All other values can be explained with reference to pleasure; Occam’s razor requires us to treat these as instrumentally valuable.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI AND why do they tend to point toward pleasure and away from pain?27 Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. | 10/31/21 |
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