Houston Memorial Cho Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Colleyville | 1 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Devin Hernandez |
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| Colleyville | 4 | Plano East HN | Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Colleyville | 4 | Plano East HN | Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Colleyville | 4 | Plano East HN | Rodrigo Paramo |
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| Colleyville | 5 | Tommy Yu |
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| Colleyville | 5 | Tommy Yu |
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| Emory | 4 | Immaculate heart AW | Derek Ying |
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| Emory | 6 | Archit Kumar | Jenn Melin |
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| Emory | 1 | Rajat Reddy | David Herrera |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Strake Jesuit KS | Tajaih |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Westview JO | KASSIE COLN |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | Durham SA | Bernard |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Christopher Columbus PC | Connor Self |
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| Grapevine | 9 | asdfas | asf |
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| Grapevine | 4 | Joey Antonelli | Truman Le |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Presentation NR | David Yi |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Ali Ahmad | Javier Navarrete |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Harun | Austin Broussard |
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| Harvard | 1 | Brett Fortier | Stuckert |
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| Harvard | 3 | Ramsay DF | Ava Zinman |
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| Harvard | 5 | Millburn ST | David Herrera |
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| Harvard Round Robin | 4 | Philimon | Sam Anderson, Arnav Burudgunte |
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| Harvard Round Robin | 5 | Heritage SS | James Stuckert, Angela Zhong |
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| Lexington | 3 | LHP WH | Curtis Chang |
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| Lexington | 6 | Rajat Reddy | Jim Gray |
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| Lexington | Octas | Honor AP | panel |
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| Lexington | 2 | Ailsa Sun | Derek Ying |
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| Loyola | 1 | asdf | asdf |
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| Loyola | 2 | Peninsula SM | Aashir Sanjrani, |
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| Loyola | 4 | Peninsula RM | Neville tom |
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| Loyola | 6 | Acton-Boxborough BH | Brett Cryan |
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| Loyola | Triples | Strake Jesuit EP | Panel |
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| Patterson | 1 | Jack Miller | Alexa Glendinning |
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| Patterson | 3 | Luke Madden | Hudson Lawson |
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| Patterson | Quarters | Stockdale RP | Panel |
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| Patterson | 6 | Cabot AC | Christian Jones |
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| Patterson | Semis | Isidore Newman EE | Panel |
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| Strake | 1 | Dulles VN | Joey Georges |
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| Strake | 4 | Kyren Khairah | Isaac Chao |
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| Strake | 5 | Aarush Tripathi | ALLISON ALDRIDGE |
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| Strake | Octas | Dulles NJ | Panel |
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| Strake | Semis | Pranav Kaginele | Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel |
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| TFA | 2 | Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Jacob Koshak |
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| TFA | 3 | Klein Collins High School LARSON CRANK | Rodrigo Paramo |
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| UT | 1 | Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Ben Erdmann |
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| UT | 3 | Michael Stuckert | Nevin |
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| UT | Doubles | Adam Mimou | panel |
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| UT | 5 | Anderson Hendrix | Truman Le |
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| asd | 9 | asdf | asd |
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| asd | 9 | asdf | asd |
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| f | Quarters | f | f |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Colleyville | 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez 1AC - Condo affs 8 affs |
| Colleyville | 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo 1AC - South Korea |
| Colleyville | 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo 1AC - South Korea |
| Colleyville | 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo 1AC - South Korea |
| Colleyville | 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: 1AC - Race War |
| Colleyville | 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: 1AC - Race War |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - China |
| Emory | 6 | Opponent: Archit Kumar | Judge: Jenn Melin 1AC - Kant |
| Emory | 1 | Opponent: Rajat Reddy | Judge: David Herrera 1AC - Intuitionism TT |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih 1AC - US Courts |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Westview JO | Judge: KASSIE COLN 1AC - Trad |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard 1AC - India |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1AC - Lay Rawls AC |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le 1AC - Zoom Bad |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: David Yi 1AC - Decolonizing IP |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete 1AC - Insulin |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Harun | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC - Kroker |
| Harvard | 1 | Opponent: Brett Fortier | Judge: Stuckert 1AC - exploration |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Ramsay DF | Judge: Ava Zinman 1AC - Stock |
| Harvard | 5 | Opponent: Millburn ST | Judge: David Herrera 1AC - Kant tournament names and judge names |
| Harvard Round Robin | 4 | Opponent: Philimon | Judge: Sam Anderson, Arnav Burudgunte 1AC - Gillespie |
| Harvard Round Robin | 5 | Opponent: Heritage SS | Judge: James Stuckert, Angela Zhong 1AC AFC or ARC Kant AC |
| Lexington | 3 | Opponent: LHP WH | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC - Moten |
| Lexington | 6 | Opponent: Rajat Reddy | Judge: Jim Gray LAY |
| Lexington | Octas | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: panel 1AC - starlink |
| Lexington | 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - Deleuze |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Aashir Sanjrani, 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Neville tom 1AC - vaccine imperialism |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC - Cannabis |
| Loyola | Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit EP | Judge: Panel 1AC - Kant |
| Patterson | 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning 1AC - Dysfluency |
| Patterson | 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1AC - Covid Waiver |
| Patterson | Quarters | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Panel 1AC - COVID and WTO |
| Patterson | 6 | Opponent: Cabot AC | Judge: Christian Jones 1AC - CovidGender inequailty AC |
| Patterson | Semis | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Panel 1AC - Hauntology |
| Strake | 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1AC - Kant |
| Strake | 4 | Opponent: Kyren Khairah | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC - Moon Treaty |
| Strake | 5 | Opponent: Aarush Tripathi | Judge: ALLISON ALDRIDGE 1AC - Kant |
| Strake | Octas | Opponent: Dulles NJ | Judge: Panel 1AC - Prag |
| Strake | Semis | Opponent: Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel 1AC - PTD |
| TFA | 2 | Opponent: Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Judge: Jacob Koshak 1AC - national civic education fund |
| TFA | 3 | Opponent: Klein Collins High School LARSON CRANK | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo 1AC - Habermas |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 1AC - Anarcho Syndicate |
| UT | 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin 1AC - CIL |
| UT | Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel 1AC - Unions |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le 1AC - US aff |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - READ ME CITES UPDATE GRAPEVINETournament: Grapevine | Round: 9 | Opponent: asdfas | Judge: asf | 9/11/21 |
0 - READ ME IMPORTANT CITESTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: asdf | Judge: asdf | 9/4/21 |
0 - contactTournament: f | Round: Quarters | Opponent: f | Judge: f Hi, I'm Sebastian. | 9/4/21 |
1 - G - New Affs AbleistTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1NC – OFF – new af badInterpretation: Debaters must disclose affirmative frameworks, advocacy texts, thirty minutes before round if they haven't read the affirmative beforeViolation:Standards:Stable Clash- Not disclosing incentivizes surprise tactics and poorly refined positions that rely on artificial and vague negative engagement to win debates. Their interpretation discourages third- and fourth-line testing by limiting the amount of time we have to prepare and forcing us to enter the debate with zero idea of what the affirmative is. Negatives are forced to rely on generics instead of smart contextual strategies destroying nuanced argumentation.Surprises are ableist- limited coping skills makes responding to new affirmatives contribute to stress and anxiety disorders that disproportionately affect populations with intellectual disabilityMiller 2008 (Michael L., Ph.D., university of Wyoming, "Teaching Relaxation Skills to Adults with Intellectual Disability and Generalized Anxiety Disorder" pg. 2) Fairness – it's a prereq to judge evaluationEducation – it's the only portable impactAccessibility – psychic violence is a prereq to being in debateCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn't set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseNeg theory is drop the debater – a) Prep skew – infinite prep means they frontline every shell enough to be efficient at DA and skew substance enough b) 1AR Flex –you moot 6 min of my offense and restart on unpredictable layers while kicking the args.No rvi~a~ Baiting—they'll bait the theory debate and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse since they'll get away with unacceptable practices~b~ 1AR all-outs—they'll collapse entirely to theory which crowds out substance and kills education.~c~ Chilling effect—people will be scared to read theory since they can lose off of it, so no one will check abuse.~d~ Norm—I shouldn't be forced to keep advocating for a bad norm if I realize it's bad in the middle of the round.~E~ Illogical—doesn't make sense to win just for being fair.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology and 1st and last speech 3~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.1NC theory first - 1~ Abuse was self-inflicted- They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ Norming- We have more speeches to norm over whether it's a good idea since the shell was read earlier. | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Case vs DysfluencyTournament: Patterson | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning 2.Vote neg on presumptionPresumption - there is no relationship between voting aff and their advocacy or solvency – ontology means its cruel optimistic to think voting aff does anything.1~ They have zero solvency – they said in cross-ex that it's a material embodiment which they haven't doneA~ They aren't radical - they still follow debate trends like spreadingB~ Competitive incentives distort it - They read kant in other roundsC~ They read disclosure and then don't disclose to disabled debaters2~ it is agency denying to say you don't get to deserve this space. Disabled debaters who see it as home away from physical/social location and denying people that space is inherently violent3~ Even if you're right about how debate works - reactionary pushback from Larpers mean that losing ballots on T go home - heg good instead of frameworkA~ Losing rounds doesn't have to do with truth-valueB~ They still hire coaches and try to improve —4~ Being unfair doesn't destroy debate – it just sustains the hiearchry – ask yourself whether disabled debaters could ever engage with this affCaseOV—flag this on the ontology debate—it responds to their Mollow evidence.This is based on psychoanalytic premises we'll respond to them and also THEY HAVEN'T WARRANTED why psychoanalysis is true but anyways:Psychoanalysis triggers infinite regress: no brightline for when we stop analyzing because there's infinite things within the mind we don't know of.Culpability: factors outside of people's control i.e. emotions and mind and drives things we can't control so it's also impossible to solve for and the aff can't actually guide action which makes it useless.Now go to the warrants behind the first and second order drives:This misunderstands the way that policy or rules work they are meant to exclude the badness that people identify i.e. you obviously would not want rapists or murderers on the street. Some rules or universal understandings are necessary to check back against this which means no impact.This card misunderstands again: the law does not construct "humans" or what that should look like it just provides a guide to action. Anything that can't do that literally allows for anything which is horrendous.St. Pierre.This is a DA to your performance because it indicates that by becoming a public act of expression, the 1AC forces you to tie your success to your identity—we argue through Deleuze that you should be free of that.Affective labor means that disability is fluid and contingent—if your actions and existence in the space are shaped by your labor and relations with others there is always the possibility for change.PityLibidinal warrants are unverifiable because psychoanalysts have not done psychoanalyses of people who are reacting to disabled people.There's no reason this drive structures an ontological condition for the disabled body—the fact that we react in a certain way does not mean we have complete control over the disabled body.Empirically denied: lots of people react to disability with acceptance and an understanding that disabled bodies should be free to act as they want—they rely on an empirical claim but lack the empirical warrant.FuturismThis relies on the idea that disabled bodies are ontologically structured by able normative bodies which we disprove.Presumes the disabled body isn't capable of contributing to society which is reductionist and wrong.Optimism is only bad if ontology is true—if we win progress is possible because the subject is fluid then optimism is a useful pedagogical strategy because it provides contingent gains.IdentityThe solution to internalized ableism is to work against exclusion in society because that's the institution which reinforces that violence.Disabled bodies don't have to assume another identity if their identity is compatible with societal structures.Sentimentality DA — Affective investment in the maintenance of sentimental public spheres lubricates the wheels of liberalism, mobilizing fantasies of collective desires that undergird neoliberal regimes of governanceBerlant 8 ~Lauren Berlant, Professor of English at the University of Chicago, Introduction of THE FEMALE COMPLAINT: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture, Duke University Press: Durham and London, 2008~ | 10/9/21 |
1 - G - Case vs GillespieTournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Philimon | Judge: Sam Anderson, Arnav Burudgunte Underview1NC – AT: Surrender to BlacknessSurrender must be forced through collective political power – anything else is a liberal reinvestment of hope in white ethical redemptionBlack authors 1NC – AT: SpikesAT: Affirm even if negateBegs the question of the case. AT: Skeptical non-blackAT A: What black folk say != blackness itself Brady and Murrilio is about mindset and relatinoships NOT the ballotAT: ReparationsTurn – ballot trivializes extent of black suffering and creates the idea of the 'good' black person who engaged in debate vs. 'bad' black person AT: InspirationProves hope good which double turns substance AT: Black History MonthAT A: "Black history" as a concept is a double turn with the case ====Yes 2nr I-meets – all defensive arguments are nibs and alt is always lose to 1ar theory ==== ON1NC –- PresumptionPresumption - there is no relationship between voting aff and their advocacy or solvency - ontology means its cruel optimistic to think voting aff does anything.1NC - - FalsifiabilityFalsifiability should be a filter for the entirety of the ontology debate - their theory is untestable and should be considered presumptively false OR its only value rest in enabling an understanding of the world and the subsequent actions as a result of that understandingThey can only verify ontology with examples meaning that one example should disprove their thesis1NC - - Materiality Comes FirstMateriality precedes ontology - even if they win ontology is true, materiality filters how ontology operate in real world - they agree that AntiBlackness can get worst so reducing harm is still an intrinsic good1NC – A2:Warren (State incrementalism bad)Governance is inevitable and turns caseRenaux 19 ~Valarie, 5/29/19, Philosophy. Writing on Marxism, eliminativism in philosophy of mind and metaethics, suffering(-focused ethics), and philosophical pessimism, "Marxism and the State", https://medium.com/@valarierenaux/marxism-and-the-state-eeb6ceca4515 GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Warren is in the context of US legislation and reformism – doesn't rise to the level of blanket state bad1NC – Debate GoodDebate is Good for Racial LiberationLBS 18 Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle 2018 "History" https://www.lbsbaltimore.com/about-us/history/ Elmer Brady definitely agrees w/ us – he's an executive member at LBS AND he likes state actionBrady 12 2012. Nicholas. "Louder Than the Dark: Toward an Acoustics of Suffering", http://www.thefeministwire.com/2012/10/louder-than-the-dark-towards-an-acoustics-of-suffering/. ~Edited for Ableist Language~. 1NC - AT - OntologyOntology is Wrong – we'll answer every warrant:1~ Libidinal Economy is wrong.Hook 21—Associate Professor of Psychology at Duquesne University (Derek, "Pilfered pleasure: on racism as "the theft of enjoyment"," Lacan and Race: Racism, Identity, and Psychoanalytic Theory, Chapter 2, pg 36-39, dml) 2~ No Semiotics WarrantBlack Author 3~ Communicative Ontology is wrong.King-Watts 15, Eric. "Critical cosmopolitanism, antagonism, and social suffering." Quarterly Journal of Speech 101.1 (2015): 271-279. (B.A. and M.A., University of Cincinnati. PhD., Northwestern University)Elmer And 4~ No Social Death AND it doesn't justify Afro-Pessimism – Patterson agrees w/ us.Patterson 18 Orlando Patterson March 2018 "The Kerner Report on race, 50 years on" https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/03/harvard-professor-reflects-on-the-kerner-report-50-years-on/ (author of Slavery and Social Death (1982) John Cowles Professor of Sociology at Harvard University)Re-cut by Elmer 5~ No Natal AlienationTaylor 13, Terrell Anderson. Optimism and Pessimism in Twentieth Century African American Literature. Diss. Georgetown University, 2013. Elmer 1NC – AT: Pre-emptsThey'll say we dropped an ontology claim – this answers all of them.Materiality – Don't let theory be the enemy of material improvements – the end of the world is the telos of our politics but keeping people alive in the interim is key to thatFrank B. Wilderson 16, it's Wilderson, "'The Inside-Outside of Civil Society': An Interview with Frank B. Wilderson, III", https://www.academia.edu/26032053/_The_Inside-Outside_of_Civil_Society_An_Interview_with_Frank_B._Wilderson_III The aff does nothing – isn't that the whole point of their theory?Ford and Brown 21 ~Derek R. Ford (assistant professor of education studies at DePauw University, where he teaches and researches at the nexus of pedagogy and political movements. He's written six books, the latest of which is Marxism, Pedagogy, and the General Intellect: Beyond the Knowledge Economy (2021). He's also the lead editor of Liberation School's "Reading Capital with Comrades " podcast series) and Nino Brown (public school educator and labor activist in Boston. He is also an organizer with the ANSWER coalition, the Jericho Movement and the Boston Liberation Center. He's a member of the Liberation School Collective and is an editor of the forthcoming book on Marxist pedagogy, Revolutionary Education: Theory and Practice for Socialist Organizers (2021). "Teaching politically and the problem of Afropessimism". Monthly Review. Oct 05, 2021. Accessed 11/29/21. https://mronline.org/2021/10/05/teaching-politically-and-the-problem-of-afropessimism/ Xu + Elmer~ | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Contact Info TheoryTournament: TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Judge: Jacob Koshak 1NC – OFFInterpretation: Debaters must, on the page with their name and the school they attend, disclose their contact informationViolation: They didn't
Prefer1~ Inclusion – Novices would have a way to contact you about your positions and learn from them and debaters would tell you before round about triggering positions that you've read before, accessibility formatting. Independent voter because inclusion is a gateway issue for debate to occur in the first place2~ Prep Skew- Pre-round disclosure can't happen if you don't have a preferable means of contact because I would never know the aff.3~ Round effiency – allow you to set up the effiency which saves time. Delayed rounds skew prep and scheduling which results in sleep loss which is crucial to health. Comes first since you need to be healthy to debate, decrease immunity and turns engagement. | 3/10/22 |
1 - G - Deliberation Bad KTournament: Strake | Round: Octas | Opponent: Dulles NJ | Judge: Panel 1NC – OFFTheir method is violent – Drop the debater for deterrence====Pragmatism color-ignorance limits its explanatory power.==== Settlerism DA – The embrace of fluid deliberation and cultural exchange effaces the fixity of indigenous communities and their connection to land – that leaves Natives open to appropriation.Grande 2K (Sandy, Associate Prof of Education and Chair of Education Department @ Connecticut U, American Indian Geographies of Identity and Power: At the Crossroads of IndÃgena and Mestizaje, Harvard Educational Review, Winter 2000, 70.4, pg 467)mm | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Dissolution PIKTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
1 - G - Dont read moenTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brett Fortier | Judge: Stuckert
Reading blum solves | 2/20/22 |
1 - G - Epistemological disablement KTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Communicative spaces are structured to exclude disabled bodies- speech has come to constitute the boundary of Humanism, to which disability forms the constitutive negative as a disruption of such networks. Thus the rob is to disrupt communicative humanism.St. Pierre 15 ~Bracketed for crip to disabled. Joshua St. Pierre (BA in humanities from Briercrest College, Master of Arts in philosophy from the University of Alberta). "Cripping Communication: Speech, Disability, and Exclusion in Liberal Humanist and Posthumanist Discourse." Communication Theory. Vol 25, Issue 3. Pages 330-348. 3/31/15. Accessed 8/29/20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/comt.12054 Xu~ Kant basis his logic on ableist thought by believing able-bodied constructions of "reason" to be the defining factor of dignityCampbell '3 The Kantian notion of epistemological certainty projects ontological stigmas against what they perceive as disabled. The notion of self knowledge is negated by the disability drive. Instead, adopt epistemological disablement, which posits disability as constitutive to the subject.Mollow 15~Anna Mollow(Ph.D. in 2015 from the University of California, Berkeley, Andrew Vincent White and Florence Wales White Scholar, UC Dissertation-Year Fellow, coeditor of Sex and Disability and the co-editor of DSM-CRIP). "The Disability Drive." University of California at Berkeley. Spring 2015. Accessed 4/30/20. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Mollow_berkeley_0028E_15181.pdf Xu~ | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Epistemological disablement K v2Tournament: Strake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aarush Tripathi | Judge: ALLISON ALDRIDGE The alternative is unwavering pessimism – only a refusal of the world can disrupt the current notion of optimism –Selck~Michael L Selck(B.S., Southern Illinois University – Carbondale). "Crip Pessimism: The Language of Dis/ability and the Culture that Isn't." Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Jan 2016. Accessed 3/16/20. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1845andcontext=gs_rp Recut Houston Memorial DX~ Their notion of epistemological certainty projects ontological stigmas against what they perceive as disabled. The notion of self knowledge is negated by the disability drive. Thus the role of the ballot is to adopt epistemological disablement, which posits disability as constitutive to the subject.Mollow 15~Anna Mollow(Ph.D. in 2015 from the University of California, Berkeley, Andrew Vincent White and Florence Wales White Scholar, UC Dissertation-Year Fellow, coeditor of Sex and Disability and the co-editor of DSM-CRIP). "The Disability Drive." University of California at Berkeley. Spring 2015. Accessed 4/30/20. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Mollow_berkeley_0028E_15181.pdf Houston Memorial DX~ The role of the ballot precludes your standard1. The standard speaks to offense leveraged under a normative framework and thus a normative conception of reality. No one consistently abides by normative ethics because we all have subjectivity. The Role of the ballot on the other hand, speak to the judge's obligation as an individual in the round and thus preclude examination of normativity.2. Pessimism is an epistemic prerequisite to engagement in any other framing – we need to deconstruct the reality of our world first in order to understand it. Ontology precedes ethics as it frames the way we view other subjects3. Outweighs on magnitude – we've won an epistemology claim that proves that disabled people are excluded from all decisions calculus which means any other rob leads to erasure we can't come back fromReps come first –
| 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Epistemological disablement K v3Tournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Archit Kumar | Judge: Jenn Melin Communicative spaces are structured to exclude disabled bodies- speech has come to constitute the boundary of Humanism, to which disability forms the constitutive negative as a disruption of such networks. Informational assemblages are inaccessible to disabled bodies which form the instability that threatens the humanist circle.St. Pierre 15 ~Bracketed for crip to disabled. Joshua St. Pierre (BA in humanities from Briercrest College, Master of Arts in philosophy from the University of Alberta). "Cripping Communication: Speech, Disability, and Exclusion in Liberal Humanist and Posthumanist Discourse." Communication Theory. Vol 25, Issue 3. Pages 330-348. 3/31/15. Accessed 8/29/20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/comt.12054 Xu~ The 1AC is a form of loco parentis – their action of governing the actions of other nations creates a distinction between ourselves as "full and smart subjects" versus the other "irrational and crazy nations" who will engage in bad actions. This sustains the divide between a "child" and a "adult" – this developmental logic supercharges ableist oppression by validating the "inferior" "superior" divide,Mills and Lefrançois 18 ~China Mills( The University of Sheffield, School of Education, Faculty Member) and Brenda A. Lefrançois(Professor @ School of Social Work for Memorial University of Newfoundland). "Child As Metaphor: Colonialism, Psy-Governance, and Epistemicide." The Journal of New Paradigm Research. Volume 74, 2018 - Issue 7-8: Transdisciplinary Child and Youth Studies. Pages 503-524. 17 Dec 2018. Accessed 3/18/20. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02604027.2018.1485438 Recut Xu from BL~ Societal reform based on liberal humanism cannot address the narcissistic threat of disability. Thus the alternative is to endorse abjection – a radical inscription of "VULNERABILITY" onto the enlightenment analytic of the subject as "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity."Dohmen 3 ~Josh Dohmen (Professor of Philosophy at the University of West Georgia). "Disability as Abject: Kristeva, Disability, and Resistance." Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy. Pages 762-778. 7/7/16. Accessed 8/30/20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hypa.12266 Houston Memorial SC~ Their notion of epistemological certainty projects ontological stigmas against what they perceive as disabled. The notion of self knowledge is negated by the disability drive. Thus the role of the ballot is to adopt epistemological disablement, which posits disability as constitutive to the subject.Mollow 15~Anna Mollow(Ph.D. in 2015 from the University of California, Berkeley, Andrew Vincent White and Florence Wales White Scholar, UC Dissertation-Year Fellow, coeditor of Sex and Disability and the co-editor of DSM-CRIP). "The Disability Drive." University of California at Berkeley. Spring 2015. Accessed 4/30/20. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Mollow_berkeley_0028E_15181.pdf Houston Memorial DX~ The role of the ballot precludes your standard1. The standard speaks to offense leveraged under a normative framework and thus a normative conception of reality. No one consistently abides by normative ethics because we all have subjectivity. The Role of the ballot on the other hand, speak to the judge's obligation as an individual in the round and thus preclude examination of normativity.2. Pessimism is an epistemic prerequisite to engagement in any other framing – we need to deconstruct the reality of our world first in order to understand it. Ontology precedes ethics as it frames the way we view other subjects3. Outweighs on magnitude – we've won an epistemology claim that proves that disabled people are excluded from all decisions calculus which means any other rob leads to erasure we can't come back from====Reps come first – ==== ====1. It frames the way we approach topics and it shapes the way we interpret them, so it precedes reality – we wouldn't have invaded Iraq if we didn't think that Al Qaeda was based there. Discourse constitutes subjectivity as it frames how they approach the world==== ====2. Proximity – it's the only thing that happens in round, so in-round discourse is the only real takeaway we have from a debate round. Holding debaters accountable for their reps is key to accessibility which comes first because otherwise debaters leave if they feel like the space is violent. That also means they can't sever out of their speech act.==== | 1/29/22 |
1 - G - ExtinctionTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel The best estimate is there are 210 million current alien civilizationsLichfield 16 – Gideon Lichfield, Editor-in-Chief of MIT Technology Review, Senior Editor at Quartz, Fellow at the Data and Society Research Institute, MSc in the Philosophy of Science from the London School of Economics and Political Science, BSc in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Bristol, Former Adjunct Professor in the Global Journalism Program at New York University, "There Have Probably Been Trillions Of Alien Civilizations, And Yet We May Still Never See One", Quartz, 6-11, https://qz.com/704687/there-have-probably-been-trillions-of-alien-civilizations-and-yet-we-may-still-never-see-one/ Universe destruction outweighs human extinction—-earth is insignificant.Hughes 18 ~Dr. Nick Hughes, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University College Dublin, PhD in Philosophy from University of St Andrews and University of Olso, and Dr. Guy Kahane, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, D. Phil. in Philosophy from Oxford University, "Our Cosmic Insignificance", 7-6, http://www.unariunwisdom.com/our-cosmic-insignificance/~~ Alien lives should be valued as equal to humans—-anything else is arbitrary and a logic of devaluation that is at the root of violencePacker 7 – Joe Packer, then MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, now PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63 Extinction ends human-caused suffering and death of non-human animals—-this outweighs any value to humanity—-AND we access it even if the process is slow, because societal breakdown ends this suffering in the short termMay 18 – Dr. Todd May, Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, PhD in Philosophy from Penn State University, MA in Psychology from Duquesne University, "Would Human Extinction Be a Tragedy?", The New York Times, 12-17, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/opinion/human-extinction-climate-change.html Humans will inevitably go to space if we don't go extinctBaumann 17 – Tobias Baumann, PhD Student in Computer Science at University College London, Master's Degree in Mathematics and Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and Physics from Ulm University, Former Quantitative Trader at Jane Street Capital, "S-Risks: An Introduction", 8-15, http://s-risks.org/intro/ That exports astronomical wild animal suffering throughout the Universe—-outweighsBruers 18 – Stijn Bruers, Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences at Ghent University, PhD in Physics and PhD in Moral Philosophy, "My Cause Prioritization", 2-15, https://stijnbruers.wordpress.com/2018/02/15/my-cause-prioritization/ Cosmogenesis is inevitableMerali 17 – Dr. Zeeya Merali, PhD in Cosmology from Brown University, Master's in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge, Freelance Journalist and Author Whose Work Has Appeared in Scientific American, Nature, New Scientist, and Discover, and on the BBC, "Scientists Want to Create a Universe in a Lab, And They Actually Could", Futurism, 10-20, https://futurism.com/scientists-may-create-universe-actually-could That causes infinite sufferingTomasik 17 – Brian Tomasik, Researcher, Cofounder and Advisor at the Foundational Research Institute, BS in Computer Science from Swarthmore College, Former Research Assistant at the University of Pennsylvania, Former Software Development Engineer II at Microsoft, "Lab Universes: Creating Infinite Suffering", Essays on Reducing Suffering, 6-16, https://reducing-suffering.org/lab-universes-creating-infinite-suffering/ | 12/5/21 |
1 - G - Falsifiability NCTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1~ Nothing is verifiable under a standard of falsifiability.Nickles, Thomas. (Philosopher @ University of Nevada, Reno) "Falsifiability." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. 2005. , https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/35320/mod_resource/content/1/Falsifiability2028Introduction29.pdf /AHS PB Presumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren't resolved e) winning the nc proves since otherwise we'd be blindly deceived when skeptical f) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote neg g) permissibility can't affirm since then anything would be ok which would justify racism – we should be safe and do nothing. | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Guerilla Warfare SpecTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
1 - G - Heaven NC v1Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brett Fortier | Judge: Stuckert I'm Straight-turning Util – heaven exists and is the most desirable outcome under every relevant metric. It hijacks all their 1 risk calculus because heaven would offer infinite utility, hedonic value, and zero suffering.McCall ND Next, their epistemological framework of a posteriori knowledge gives maximum leeway to our account of the afterlife.1~ Pascals Wager – the existence of heaven is impossible to disprove but even a risk that we could get there would be worth staking everything on because it would be infinitely better than future attainable on Earth. Answering this negates because it creates a reverse pascals wager where we can never be sure that our decisions our ethical because of uncertainty that we could make a mistaken about consequences that are magnitudes larger.2~ Death Paradox – we have no access to accounts about the experience of Death because at the point it's too late. The next best thing is Near Death Experiences or (NDE). Mass accounts of NDE's support an empiricist account that is excluded because of cognitive bias and elitism.Letizia 17 3~ Reflective Equilibrium – conceptions of the afterlife have persisted for thousands of years through multiple religions and is even more persistently persuasive than utilitarianism. That turns aggregates and averages since the belief in the afterlife is a consensus for agreement.4~ Heaven solves the explanatory gap – current scientific understanding cannot provide a comprehensive theory of death. Reject 1ar recontextualization that jettisons their epistemological framework in favor of Hail Mary appeals to prior intuitions and deontological constraintsCait 18 5~ Thinking through heaven is the most utilitarian way to approach the world and deters in-round violence resultant from threats of imminent and inevitable mass extinction.Roberts 19 1NC AT: MoenPleasure its good but its absence isn't bad—you have no offense under util.Benatar 97 bracketed for language Benatar, David (Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa). "Why It is Better Never to Come Into Existence." American Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 34, Number 3, July 1997. Robust Scientific analysis concludes that death would be a pleasure bomb comparable to powerful hallucinogens even if trips to heaven are illusoryMartone 19 Extinction doesn't destroy future generations – humans didn't originally exist and evolved instead out of microorganisms which proves live can always exist by generating spontaneously.Death causes euphoria through a last hurrah– brain studies.Stromberg 13 ~Joseph Stromberg (Internal Medicine resident UNC-Chappell Hill via BUMedicine. Former science writer at Smithsonian). "A Last-Second Surge of Brain Activity Could Explain Near-Death Experiences". Smithsonian. August 12, 2013. Accessed 12/18/21. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-last-second-surge-of-brain-activity-could-explain-near-death-experiences-28726479/ Xu~ | 2/20/22 |
1 - G - Hidden Aprioris badTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interpretation: if debaters read a prioris, they must be explicitly numbered, labeled as their own off, or there must be a line break between an a priori and the arguments before and after it. To clarify, you can't hide them.Violation: there are hidden a prioris in _Strat skew – makes it impossible to find and answer the a prioris – they all function as no risk issues that become nibs for me since I can't turn them – dropping one means I automatically lose the round which incentivizes reading more of them which kills clash and debatability.It's also exclusionary because people who can't flow as well or process info as fast blips get skewed out of the round. When you hide it in a block of text, that makes it harder to read and easier to concede – outweighs since it makes debate inaccessible to people who have a hard time reading huge blocks of text since they lose every round to shitty and unfair arguments, drives people out of the activity | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - IFD NCTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Next, util relies on intentions to be coherent – Negate – they say states don’t have intentions which triggers permissibility as it makes util incoherent. | 12/5/21 |
1 - G - Maoism KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Their politics of acceptance is the latest neoliberal resilience strategy - The attempt to skew the line between the enemy and the people is not radical and instead is a Bourgeois ideology that fails to resolve the contradictions in capitalism and let's abusers cut and runStruggle Sessions 18 ~Unsigned Article, 9/6/28, "Popular Justice", Struggle Sessions, https://struggle-sessions.com/2018/09/06/popular-justice/ GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Red Charity DA – the 1AC's Mutual Aid politics are rooted in trade-union consciousness that is fundamentally reformist in nature, despite its radical veneer – they ideologically distinguish themselves from liberal charities while serving the same material purpose – only Partybuilding can create revolutionKavga 18 (Kavga – editor at struggle-sessions. "All About that Base? No struggle?" struggle-sessions, 9-5-2018, https://struggle-sessions.com/2018/09/05/all-about-that-base-no-struggle/, DOA: 7-8-2020, jzn) Capitalism generates endless slow violence, environmental destruction, and extinctionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff's Mutual Aid project and invest in the People's War against Racial Capitalism - Our form of study builds the Party based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles to catalyze a mass base against racial capitalismWilliams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Maoism KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Their politics of acceptance is the latest neoliberal resilience strategy - The attempt to skew the line between the enemy and the people is not radical and instead is a Bourgeois ideology that fails to resolve the contradictions in capitalism and let's abusers cut and runStruggle Sessions 18 ~Unsigned Article, 9/6/28, "Popular Justice", Struggle Sessions, https://struggle-sessions.com/2018/09/06/popular-justice/ GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Red Charity DA – the 1AC's Mutual Aid politics are rooted in trade-union consciousness that is fundamentally reformist in nature, despite its radical veneer – they ideologically distinguish themselves from liberal charities while serving the same material purpose – only Partybuilding can create revolutionKavga 18 (Kavga – editor at struggle-sessions. "All About that Base? No struggle?" struggle-sessions, 9-5-2018, https://struggle-sessions.com/2018/09/05/all-about-that-base-no-struggle/, DOA: 7-8-2020, jzn) Capitalism generates endless slow violence, environmental destruction, and extinctionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff's Mutual Aid project and invest in the People's War against Racial Capitalism - Our form of study builds the Party based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles to catalyze a mass base against racial capitalismWilliams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Maoism K v2Tournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Philimon | Judge: Sam Anderson, Arnav Burudgunte Attempting to stage a semiotic break through "hostage taking" and "symbolic extinction" through "symbolic terrorism" is a form of semiotic recapitulation that mystifies materialism. Violence is not an amalgamation of signs but is instead about flesh and bone – their project fuels capitalist pedagogy.McLaren 10 ~Peter, UC-Los Angeles and Nathalia E. Jaramillo, Purdue University, "Not Neo-Marxist, Not Post-Marxist, Not Marxian, Not Autonomist Marxism: Reflections on a Revolutionary (Marxist) Critical Pedagogy" Cultural Studies = Critical Methodologies 2010 10: 251~ The will to secure civil society against the crises of financialization is parasitic on black exploitation and death in the form of racial capitalismMelamed 15 Jodi Melamed is assistant professor of English and Africana Studies at Marquette University. She is the author of Represent and Destroy: Rational- izing Violence in the New Racial Capitalism (Minnesota, 2011). Racial Capitalism University of Minnesota Press Critical Ethnic Studies , Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring 2015), pp. 76-85 DOA:3/23/19 WAKE SHC Racial Capitalism produces fascism, endless war and environmental destruction – state is keyBlack author The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a material analysis toward revolution - Our form of study builds the Party based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles to catalyze a mass base against capitalism and white supremacyBlack author | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Must have Camera OnTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
1 - G - Must read a robTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interpretation: The affirmative debater must articulate a distinct ROB in the form of a delineated text in the first affirmative speech.B. Violation: They don'tC. Standards:1. Strat Skew – Absent a text in the 1AC, they can read multiple pieces of offense under different ROBs and then read a new one in the 1AR that moots 7 minutes of case and allows them to auto-win with specific offense. Reading a new 1ar rob is a voter for shiftiness o/ws since it creates an irreversible skew for the negative that can't be changed.CX checks fails- A~ Not flowed B~ skews 6 min of prep during the aff C~ They can proactively lie and there's no way to check D~ debaters can be intentionally shady.This spec shell isn't regressive- it literally determines what the affirmatives framing mechanism is | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - New Affs BadTournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: LHP WH | Judge: Curtis Chang Interpretation: Debaters must disclose affirmative frameworks, advocacy texts, and advantage areas thirty minutes before round if they haven't read the affirmative beforeViolation: They didn't tell us the fwk or advantage area —
Standards:1~ Clash- Not disclosing incentivizes surprise tactics and poorly refined positions that rely on artificial and vague negative engagement to win debates. Their interpretation discourages third- and fourth-line testing by limiting the amount of time we have to prepare and forcing us to enter the debate with zero idea of what the affirmative is. Negatives are forced to rely on generics instead of smart contextual strategies destroying nuanced argumentation.2~ Shiftiness- Not knowing enough about the affirmative coming into round incentivizes 1ar shiftiness about what the aff is and what their framework/advocacy entails. That means even if we could read generics or find prep, they'd just find ways to recontextualize their obscure advocacy in the 1ar.I don't even think this is a new aff – not sending the speech doc is an independent voter cuz it violates open source which is not reciprocal and skews pre-round prep1) Procedural fairness is the ONLY thing your ballot can resolve – redistributing wins towards them doesn't remedy the structural oppression they mention which means you as the judge should aim for a procedurally balanced playing field2) Fairness constitutive of debate – constitutive rules OW because they are functionally the same as rules such as speech times and should be treated with the same respect3) Irreversibility – education can be gained in other portions of the debate, read articles out of round, go to camp, but fairness disadvantages are permanent4) Presumption that all arguments is evaluated first proves that fairness must come first5) Any theory of oppression proves the authority of fairness – unequal opportunity and arbitrary discrimination is bad in the RW and proves fairness is a side-constraint to deliberation6) Fairness is a precondition to solvency to the aff because there needs to be equal deliberation – means the theory shell comes lexically priorCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn't set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseNeg theory is drop the debater – a) Prep skew – infinite prep means they frontline every shell enough to be efficient at DA and skew substance enough b) 1AR Flex –you moot 6 min of my offense and restart on unpredictable layers while kicking the args.No rvi~a~ Baiting—they'll bait the theory debate and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse since they'll get away with unacceptable practices~b~ 1AR all-outs—they'll collapse entirely to theory which crowds out substance and kills education.~c~ Chilling effect—people will be scared to read theory since they can lose off of it, so no one will check abuse.~d~ Norm—I shouldn't be forced to keep advocating for a bad norm if I realize it's bad in the middle of the round.~E~ Illogical—doesn't make sense to win just for being fair.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology and 1st and last speech 3~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.1NC theory first - 1~ Abuse was self-inflicted- They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ Norming- We have more speeches to norm over whether it's a good idea since the shell was read earlier. | 1/15/22 |
1 - G - Permiss affirms and spec plan combo shell TTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
1 - G - Race War PIKTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Text - We affirm the 1AC absent the phrase 'race war.'The concept of "race war" has a racist pedigree – assumes equal force is being used by both sides which mystifies anti-blackness – endorse militancy as an endurance strategy without this discursive formationStoehr 12 John Stoehr's writing has appeared in American Prospect, Reuters, the Guardian, Dissent, the New York Daily News and The Forward. He is a frequent contributor to the New Statesman and a columnist for the Mint Press News. 'Race war': A trick of political rhetoric https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/04/201241264514867938.html Frame subtraction is best—-absent a stable plan, treat the entire 1AC as negative offense. We can correct and refine frames throughout the debate—-key to nuance and detailed clash. | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Race War PIKTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Text - We affirm the 1AC absent the phrase 'race war.'The concept of "race war" has a racist pedigree – assumes equal force is being used by both sides which mystifies anti-blackness – endorse militancy as an endurance strategy without this discursive formationStoehr 12 John Stoehr's writing has appeared in American Prospect, Reuters, the Guardian, Dissent, the New York Daily News and The Forward. He is a frequent contributor to the New Statesman and a columnist for the Mint Press News. 'Race war': A trick of political rhetoric https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/04/201241264514867938.html Frame subtraction is best—-absent a stable plan, treat the entire 1AC as negative offense. We can correct and refine frames throughout the debate—-key to nuance and detailed clash. | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Redaction PIKTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Text - Vote Neg to redact the 1AC - the CP does the aff but doesn't say it.Solves the Aff – 1~ Disclosing militant strategies leads to militant crackdowns and the fracturing of undercommon collectivity and 2~ Ruptures Semiotics because it's non-communicative – the Aff feeds the system by speaking within spaces like Debate. | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Redaction PIKTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Text - Vote Neg to redact the 1AC - the CP does the aff but doesn't say it.Solves the Aff – 1~ Disclosing militant strategies leads to militant crackdowns and the fracturing of undercommon collectivity and 2~ Ruptures Semiotics because it's non-communicative – the Aff feeds the system by speaking within spaces like Debate. | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Stealing the affTournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: LHP WH | Judge: Curtis Chang We stole your aff – come and get itMoten and Harney 04. Fred Moten and Stefano Harney, The University and the Undercommons, SEVEN THESES Social Text 79, Vol. 22, No. 2, Summer 2004. Copyright © 2004 by Duke University Press First 3 last 3 doesn't work for this one "To the university I'll steal, and there I'l l steal," t o borrow from Pistol at the end of Henry V, as he would surely borrow from us. This is the only possible relationship to the American university today. This may be true of universities everywhere. It may have to be true of the university in general. But certainly, this much is true in the United States: it cannot be denied that the university is a place of refuge, and it cannot be accepted that the university is a place of enlightenment. In the face of these conditions one can only sneak into the university and steal what one can. To abuse its hospitality, to spite its mission, to join its refugee colony, its gypsy encampment, to be in but not of—this is the path of the subversive intellectual in the modern university. Worry about the university. This is the injunction today in the United States, one with a long history. Call for its restoration like Harold Bloom or Stanley Fish or Gerald Graff. Call for its reform like Derek Bok or Bill Readings or Cary Nelson. Call out to it as it calls to you. But for the subversive intellectual, all of this goes on upstairs, in polite company, among the rational men. After all, the subversive intellectual came under false pretenses, with bad documents, out of love. Her labor is as necessary as it is unwelcome. The university needs what she bears but cannot bear what she brings. And on top of all that, she disappears. She disappears into the underground, the downlow lowdown maroon community of the university, into the Undercommons of Enlightenment, where the work gets done, where the work gets subverted, where the revolution is still black, still strong. What is that work and what is its social capacity for both reproducing the university and producing fugitivity? If one were to say teaching, one would be performing the work of the university. Teaching is merely a profession and an operation of what Jacques Derrida calls the onto-/auto-encyclopedic circle of the Universitas. But it is useful to invoke this operation to glimpse the hole in the fence where labor enters, to glimpse its hiring hall, its night quarters. The university needs teaching labor, despite itself, or as itself, self-identical with and thereby erased by it. It is not teaching then that holds this social capacity, but something that produces the not visible other side of teaching, a thinking through the skin of teaching toward a collective orientation to the knowledge object as future project, and a commitment to what we want to call the prophetic organization. But it is teaching that brings us in. Before there are grants, research, conferences, books, and journals there is the experience of being taught and of teaching. Before the research post with no teaching, before the graduate students to mark the exams, before the string of sabbaticals, before the permanent reduction in teaching load, the appointment to run the Center, the consignment of pedagogy to a discipline called education, before the course designed to be a new book, teaching happened. The moment of teaching for food is therefore often mistakenly taken to be a stage, as if eventually, one should not teach for food. If the stage persists, there is a social pathology in the university. But if the teaching is successfully passed on, the stage is surpassed, and teaching is consigned to those who are known to remain in the stage, the sociopathological labor of the university. Kant interestingly calls such a stage "self-incurred minority." He tries to contrast it with having the "determination and courage to use one's intelligence without being guided by another." "Have the courage to use your own intelligence." But what would it mean if teaching or rather what we might call "the beyond of teaching" is precisely what one is asked to get beyond, to stop taking sustenance? And what of those minorities who refuse, the tribe of moles who will not come back from beyond2 (that which is beyond "the beyond of teaching"), as if they will not be subjects, as if they want to think as objects, as minority? Certainly, the perfect subjects of communication, those successfully beyond teaching, will see them as waste. But their collective labor will always call into question who truly is taking the orders of the Enlightenment. The waste lives for those moments 102 Moten/Harneybeyond2 teaching when you give away the unexpected beautiful phrase— unexpected, no one has asked, beautiful, it will never come back. Is being the biopower of the Enlightenment truly better than this? Perhaps the biopower of the Enlightenment know this, or perhaps it is just reacting to the objecthood of this labor as it must. But even as it depends on these moles, these refugees, they will call them uncollegial, impractical, naive, unprofessional. And one may be given one last chance to be pragmatic—why steal when one can have it all, they will ask. But if one hides from this interpellation, neither agrees nor disagrees but goes with hands full into the underground of the university, into the Undercommons—this will be regarded as theft, as a criminal act. And it is at the same time, the only possible act. In that Undercommons of the university one can see that it is not a matter of teaching versus research or even the beyond of teaching versus the individualization of research. To enter this space is to inhabit the ruptural and enraptured disclosure of the commons that fugitive enlightenment enacts, the criminal, matricidal, queer, in the cistern, on the stroll of the stolen life, the life stolen by enlightenment and stolen back, where the commons give refuge, where the refuge gives commons. What the beyond2 of teaching is really about is not finishing oneself, not passing, not completing; it's about allowing subjectivity to be unlawfully overcome by others, a radical passion and passivity such that one becomes unfit for subjection, because one does not possess the kind of agency that can hold the regulatory forces of subjecthood, and one cannot initiate the auto-interpellative torque that biopower subjection requires and rewards. It is not so much the teaching as it is the prophecy in the organization of the act of teaching. | 1/15/22 |
1 - G - T ActualizationTournament: Patterson | Round: Semis | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Panel T – HauntologyInterpretation and Violation- the aff needs to defend a concrete action that results in their method, they don't mandate a concrete action but only defends a hauntological investigation of the Hospital System.B. This Procedural is a Voter1. Aff Conditionality- by not defending concrete action, the aff can clarify or change their method, allowing them to shift at will, which kills clash and cost benefit analysis2. Predictable Limits- the aff explodes limits by introducing an infinite amount of methods and because there has been no discussion of their method in relation to the topic, kills research skills and education3. Predictable Ground- the aff's vague method allows them to spike out of any DA and K links by claiming they are not that method, a concrete action is key, kills clash and competition4. their method divorces us from Topic Education – nitty gritty debates on details of medicine and health policy informs and educates debaters and enables critical analysis which solves their offense. Form over Content doesn't take it out since we don't restrict Form, just the substantive burden of the Aff.Galea 18, Sandro. Healthier: Fifty thoughts on the foundations of population health. Oxford University Press, 2017. (Professor of Public Health at Boston University)Elmer 5. concrete actions are key, methods shouldn't come first – they are a means to an end. Treating method as an exclusive endpoint legitimizes the very thing they are critiquingFearon and Wendt, Professor of Poli Sci at Stanford and Professor of IR at Ohio State,2002 TVA – read a pharma bad aff that reduces IPPs that prop up higher income countries and predatory corporations – pairing their analysis with material solutions solves their impacts but creates a better model of debate.Prefer Competing Interpretations – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom. This means reject Aff Impact Turns predicated on their theory since we weren't able to adequately prepare for it.Drop the Debater – DTA decks norming and force late breaking 1ar restarts that favor the aff with a 7-6 time skew.====Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat. At worst let neg choose their actor/method off passing the resolution and stick them with WTO==== | 11/17/21 |
1 - G - T EmbodimentTournament: Patterson | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning Interpretation – the aff must defend an embodied defense of the resolution .Lanning 14 (Eric Lanning Eric Lanning was a debater at the University of Houston and former National Debate Tournament Champion. January 22, 2014, "What is Access?", access debate, http://accessdebate.com/2014/01/22/what-is-access/ The website is now no longer working, but you can access an archive of the website through this link: https://web.archive.org/web/20151215072330/http://accessdebate.com/2014/01/22/what-is-access/ Brackets already in the article) CX and the absence of a plan prove there's no I-meet.Words and Phrases 64 (Words and Phrases; 1964; Permanent Edition) 4 types of IP.Rumore 5/17 ~Martha M. Rumore (pharmacist-attorney in Frier Levitt's Life Sciences Department). "Why every medical practice should care about intellectual property". Medical Economics. May 17, 2021. Accessed 8/7/21. https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/why-every-medical-practice-should-care-about-intellectual-property Xu~ First is fairness – radically re-contextualizing the resolution lets them defend any method tangentially related to the topic, which erases neg ground via perms and renders research burdens untenable by eviscerating predictable limits. Procedural questions come first – debate is a game and it makes no sense to skew a competitive activity as it requires effective negation which incentivizes argument refinement, but skewed burdens deck pedagogical engagement.SSD solvesDTD – 1AR restarts force late-developing debates that favor the aff since they get a 7-6 time skew and ensure surface-level clash.T isn't violent –A~ I don't have the power to impose a norm – only to convince you my side is better. T doesn't ban you from the activity – the whole point is that norms should be contestable – I just say make a better arg next time.B~ Exclusion is inevitable – every role of the ballot excludes some arguments and even saying T bad excludes it – that means we should delineate ground along reciprocal lines, not abandon division altogether.No impact turns or RVIs – A~ Substance – if T's bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position. B~ Dead end – strategy guides debates so they'll desire that people read T to beat them on the impact turn – that proves their strategy is reactive and can't solve since they rely on the structures they critique.Competing interp – offense defense paradigm is the best method for evaluation since you can compare benefits under both interps easier. | 10/9/21 |
1 - G - T frameworkTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: 1NC – OFFOur Interpretation is the affirmative should instrumentally defend the resolution – hold the line, CX and the 1AC prove there's no I-meet – anything new in the 1AR is either extra-T since it includes the non-topical parts of the Aff or effects-T since it's a future result of the advocacy which both link to our offense."Resolved" means to enact by law.Words and Phrases '64 Voter for limits and ground - justifies infinite unpredictable aff advantage ground which overstretches research burdens while spiking core genericsFairness - manipulating the balance of prep structurally favor's the aff - people come to debate for different reasons but pursuit of the ballot is the only unifying characteristicClash - unpredictability destroys research accessibility and nuanced refinement - empathy and value clarification are key to fight dogma and create better advocates - turns case because precluding testing means the aff should be considered presumptively falseAny dissad's to the TVA are neg ground - it's :The appropriation of outerspace by private entities is unjustThat's Cho 21No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote negative for deterrence - at worst agree with the aff and vote neg because we shouldn't be burdened to debate it | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - T frameworkTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: 1NC – OFFOur Interpretation is the affirmative should instrumentally defend the resolution – hold the line, CX and the 1AC prove there's no I-meet – anything new in the 1AR is either extra-T since it includes the non-topical parts of the Aff or effects-T since it's a future result of the advocacy which both link to our offense."Resolved" means to enact by law.Words and Phrases '64 Voter for limits and ground - justifies infinite unpredictable aff advantage ground which overstretches research burdens while spiking core genericsFairness - manipulating the balance of prep structurally favor's the aff - people come to debate for different reasons but pursuit of the ballot is the only unifying characteristicClash - unpredictability destroys research accessibility and nuanced refinement - empathy and value clarification are key to fight dogma and create better advocates - turns case because precluding testing means the aff should be considered presumptively falseAny dissad's to the TVA are neg ground - it's :The appropriation of outerspace by private entities is unjustThat's Cho 21No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote negative for deterrence - at worst agree with the aff and vote neg because we shouldn't be burdened to debate it | 2/17/22 |
1 - G - Tech Check vStrakeTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interp: Debaters must show-up to the tech-check(NSDA, National Speech and Debate Association) Online Speech and Debate Competition Tips No Date https://drive.google.com/uc?export=downloadandid=15gZxwk_e7FdlEAiRU0yrqOUQDbExZ-4h DOA 9/18/21 Cho Violation: They didn't show up screenshots in doc
1~ Tech issues – testing tech pre-round is key to functional debates like audio quality and sound settings. O/Ws A~ Sequencing – controls the internal link to other standards B~ Reversibility – you could get disqualified for being late.2~ Prep Skew – I had to spend 10 minutes checking my tech while they could be prepping which irreparably skews the burdens in their favor. O/Ws on structural abuse since it's the only verifiable impact.3~ Delay – Late tech-checks and preventable tech issues delay RFDs and future pairings 2 impacts – (A) Scope – delaying the tournament skews flight 2 neg debaters, big prep-squads (B) Late rounds cause sleep-deficits which is bad for your health and skews your ability to effectively clash and engage.Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Tech Checks EmoryTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying Interp: Debaters must show-up to the tech-check(NSDA, National Speech and Debate Association) Online Speech and Debate Competition Tips No Date https://drive.google.com/uc?export=downloadandid=15gZxwk_e7FdlEAiRU0yrqOUQDbExZ-4h DOA 9/18/21 Cho Violation: They were late, screenshots in doc1~ Tech issues – testing tech pre-round is key to functional debates like audio quality and sound settings. O/Ws A~ Sequencing – controls the internal link to other standards B~ Reversibility – you could get disqualified for being late.2~ Prep Skew – I had to spend 15 minutes checking my tech while they could be prepping which irreparably skews the burdens in their favor. O/Ws on structural abuse since it's the only verifiable impact.3~ Delay – Late tech-checks and preventable tech issues delay RFDs and future pairings 2 impacts – (A) Scope – delaying the tournament skews flight 2 neg debaters, big prep-squads (B) Late rounds cause sleep-deficits which is bad for your health and skews your ability to effectively clash and engage.Tech-check is at 6:30 eastern – that's emory rules
they weren't here at 6:33 Eastern
And they disobeyed tabroom – that's an independent voter EXTEMPNot specifying the actor/states of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC stratFairness – it's a prereq to judge evaluationEducation – it's the only portable impactAccessibility – psychic violence is a prereq to being in debateCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn't set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseNeg theory is drop the debater – a) Prep skew – infinite prep means they frontline every shell enough to be efficient at DA and skew substance enough b) 1AR Flex –you moot 6 min of my offense and restart on unpredictable layers while kicking the args.No rvi~a~ Baiting—they'll bait the theory debate and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse since they'll get away with unacceptable practices~b~ 1AR all-outs—they'll collapse entirely to theory which crowds out substance and kills education.~c~ Chilling effect—people will be scared to read theory since they can lose off of it, so no one will check abuse.~d~ Norm—I shouldn't be forced to keep advocating for a bad norm if I realize it's bad in the middle of the round.~E~ Illogical—doesn't make sense to win just for being fair.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology and 1st and last speech 3~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.1NC theory first - 1~ Abuse was self-inflicted- They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ Norming- We have more speeches to norm over whether it's a good idea since the shell was read earlier.DTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up blippy 20 second shells in the 2AR but I have to split my time and can't preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge interventionNo new 1ar theory paradigm issues- A~ New 1ar paradigms moot any 1NC theoretical offense B~ introducing them in the aff allows for them to be more rigorously tested | 1/29/22 |
1 - G - Truth TestingTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete "Affirm" means "assert as valid" and "negate" means "deny the … truth of." The rules of debate can't be changed from the inside.Schapiro Shapiro, Tamar (Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University). "Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory." Volume 35, Number 1, March 2001. 1~ Ought is "used to express duty or moral obligation"- That's Dictionary.com . Prefer our definitionA~ Framers intent- people who wrote the rez wanted debates to be normative obligations B~ Common Usage – Our definition is the first on the list and most commonly used in the debate community.Thus, the role of the ballot is truth-testing. Prefer—~1~ Education – Framework debates incentivize phil research. Outweighs since phil ed is (a) the reason why schools fund LD debate specifically, (b) most accessible to small schools that can't keep up with util prep, and (c) key to good policymaking which impact turns their offense.~2~ Every statement implicitly asserts its own truth. Any other ROB appeals to mine which collapses.~3~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn't change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.~4~ ROBs that aren't phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem. | 9/19/21 |
1 - G - Truth Testing v2Tournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement –A~ anything else moots 7 minutes of the NC – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that their theory of power is better than another before you adopt it.B~ The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true so it's constitutive and jurisdictional. I denied the truth of the resolution by disagreeing with the aff which means I've met my burden.C~ it's the most logical since you don't say vote for the player who shoots the most 3 points, the better player wins since debate is a game with rules given by how there's a winner and loser. Answers collapse to truth testing since they require truth value i.e. truth testing is false requires proving that it is true that truth testing is false. Inclusion is a fallacy of origin because just because something is a prerequisite doesn't make it more importantD~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn't change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.E~ ROBs that aren't phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem.F~ Other ROBs open the door for personal lives of debaters to factor into decisions and compare who is more oppressed which causes violence in a space where some people go to escape | 2/8/22 |
1 - G - Util FWTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1.The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –1~ Naturalism – Only material realities are epistemically accessiblePapineau '07 Pleasure is an intrinsic good—solves regress.Moen '16 – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang Outweighs –A~ Other FWs rely on long questionable claims that make them less likely. Only util is epistemically accessible. 2~ States must use util – they seek practical benefits for constituents and aren't unified agents so they don't have intentions. No calc indicts since states use util successfully all the time and they just prove util's hard to use not impossible.3~ Death outweighs – agents can't act ethically if they fear bodily harm – turns NCs4~ Extinction comes first under any framing – future value, magnitude, risk parityPummer 15 Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015 AT, recut BWSEK 5~ Consequentialism true –A~ No intent-foresight distinction – when I foresee something it enters into my intention | 9/10/21 |
1 - SO - China Rise DATournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self China is using a lack of alternate COVID vaccines to engage in aggressive vaccine diplomacy and expand influence – the Plan's increase of access to perceptively more efficacious vaccines devastates those efforts.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 That solves the Case – China has the vaccine production capacity to vaccinate the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer | 9/10/21 |
2 - SO - Alief CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Cap K vs DecolonizationTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: David Yi 1.1NC – KThey don't create a space of resistance – they instead carve out a pseudo-radical space in an activity that remains funded by white elites and sustained through labor exploitation. Capitalism thrives on exactly this sort of politics – the simulation of agency allows people to pretend there's an outside to the system. It's that rush of agency that allows us to simulate the reclamation of the subject.Bluhdorn '7 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, "Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change," Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) The analytic of settler colonialism collapses the complexities of racial capitalism down to a settler/indigenous binary – that creates ineffective resistance by fracturing solidarity.Bhandar and Ziadah '16 ====Capitalism's drive to accumulate compels environmental catastrophe and nuclear warfare —- we should mobilize our intellectual energies accordingly ==== ====Negate to affirm the right of indigenous Mexicans to overthrow the hegemonic government of Mexico. Solves the aff building a multi-ethnic, working class movement that doesn't "perform" their radicalism—they live it.==== Alternatively, the Chiapas issue can be examined as a positive approach for indigenous populations. The EZLN created a national and international awareness of the indigenous peoples' situation in Chiapas. This rebellion generated a general consciousness among Mexico's entire population in accepting its status as a multicultural and multiethnic nation and in recognising the existence of rich indigenous cultures and traditions within its territory. Finally, according to Xochitl Leyva, a contributor of The Journal of Peasant Studies, the Chiapas issue generated a united indigenous ideology, which refers to an "internal reaffirmation of cultural self-esteem (pride in existing selfhood)." Arguably, as a consequence of this revolt, indigenous peoples learned that by uniting among themselves and by fighting together common causes, their voice would become stronger within negotiations with the Mexican Government. The Zapatista rebellion played a significant role in the expansion of indigenous rights and recognition in Mexico. As a consequence of the insurgency, together with its international implications – such as the loss of confidence of foreign investors – the Mexican Government was obligated to make constitutional reforms that granted indigenous peoples local political autonomy and greater political participation at a national level. Indigenous peoples not only gained from this rebellion the expansion of political rights, but also guaranteed greater preservation of traditions, languages and ways of living. The Mexican Government has failed to reduce poverty levels and improve the quality of life standards in Chiapas: violence, social inequality and human rights violations to indigenous peoples still remain. However, as a consequence of the Zapatista revolt, the government has made efforts to overcome these problems by creat~ed~ ing Federal agencies specialised in indigenous issues. The creation of the CDI can be seen as an example of these efforts. Regardless of the shortcomings of these government agencies, their creation is a big step towards accelerating the development of indigenous communities. Mexico is a multicultural and multiethnic country. The EZLN movement played a fundamental role in representing the interests of these indigenous peoples by achieving protection of the rich Mexican indigenous heritage within the constitution. The Zapatista struggle was effective as indigenous communities were given greater autonomy, challenging their previous subordinate position as seen by the Mexican Government. The Zapatistas had a positive impact on the expansion of indigenous rights and recognition in Mexico. It can serve as an example of how indigenous solidarity can put an end to indigenous exclusion and oppression. Although the Mexican Government has been unsuccessful in granting a better quality of life to those indigenous peoples in Chiapas, the EZLN was effective in displaying (nationally and internationally) the alarming situation that indigenous peoples are living in Mexico.1NC – ROBThe Role of the Ballot is to unconditionally resist economic systems of exclusion — theirs is more arbitrary, but our interpretation solves because systems of exclusion are more broadFrame their role of debate to structures of domination – their framework cedes to insert which forces Indigenous populations to solipsistic retreat, which we'll impact turn on the link debate | 9/18/21 |
2 - SO - Case vs Christopher Columbus PCTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1NC – COVID DefenseThe Plan can't solve COVID -1~ Lack of key suppliesTepper 21 James Tepper, 4/10 ~James Tepper, (James M. Tepper is an American neuroscientist currently a Board of Governors Professor of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience and Distinguished Professor at Rutgers University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.)~. "Global Covid vaccine rollout threatened by shortage of vital components." Guardian, 4-1-2021, Accessed 8-8-2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/10/global-covid-vaccine-rollout-threatened-by-shortage-of-vital-components duongie 2~ Hurts InnovationValue Ingenuity 20 ~Value Ingenuity, (The Value Ingenuity project is telling the story of innovation, its roots, its impact, its social and moral imperatives, and the public policy prescriptions that will assure a continued upward trajectory for the generations to follow. Our objective is to advance globally a shared purpose of mutual investment in sustainable innovation.)~. "WTO IP Waiver Would Undermine Covid Innovation." 10-2-2020, Accessed 8-5-2021. https://www.valueingenuity.com/2021/05/18/wto-ip-waiver-would-undermine-covid-innovation/ duongie Turns the Aff – Delta Variant proves current vaccines aren't enough – we need new innovations.Guarino 8-18 Ben Guarino 8-18-2021 "Vaccines show declining effectiveness against infection overall but strong protection against hospitalization amid delta variant" https://archive.is/pvuzL~~#selection-747.0-750.0 (Education: University of Pennsylvania, BSE in bioengineering; New York University, MA in journalism)Elmer 3~ Skill Disparities and Trade Secrets – Moderna proves IP isn't the root cause.Silverman 3-15 Rachel Silverman 3-15-2021 "Waiving vaccine patents won't help inoculate poorer nations" https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/03/15/vaccine-coronavirus-patents-waive-global-equity/ (Rachel Silverman is a policy fellow at the Center for Global Development)Duong | 9/10/21 |
2 - SO - Case vs Zoom BadTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le CaseO/V1~ Presumption - there is no relationship between voting aff and their advocacy or solvency – if online learning makes life impossible and techno capitalism is inevitable then self-reflection doesn't solve anything and instead creates the same kind of "toy" activism games about fighting technocap that they say are bad which is cruel optimism.2~ Next – They also read both policy and K affs during online debate which proves that they think that both policy and activist discussions over zoom is good OR they link into their own impacts which is a terminal solvency deficit and a reason to reject their method.3~ And we've done practice rounds on zoom before which proves they voluntarily use zoom and it isn't forcedThey also can't stop reliance on technologyA~ other ed-techB~ People keep using zoomMirrlees and Alvi1~ Specificity loses them the debate – NSDA campus is a free technology that's run by a non-profit body and isn't the same "ed-Tech" giants that they say are evil.2~ We've already had debates about the ethicality of virtual communication over massive Facebook threads before online-TOC. Independent silencing DA for ignoring the protests of Black Debaters and co-opting their scholarship.Reed1~ Their method of violent discourse and frustration as solvency is toxic and uselessA~ People with anxiety, trauma or unique coping mechanisms causes psychological violence and makes debate unsafe.B~ There is no causal warrant behind losing a round, getting mad and changing your mindset. Turn – People who get mad about losing just double down by drilling more or complaining about the judge screw.Empirically proven – you lost on TFW to Adam last week but you still read zoom bad2~ Online debates are good under gamer theoryA~ We escape institutions and institutions by playing games with strategy, silly tricks friv theory and facetious impact turns.B~ Institutions are cracking down on critical race theory within education – NSDA campus debates are good because they prevent spectators and minimize the risk of surveillance. Means no UQ for their turns because education about activist theory doesn't exist anywhere else.Disability Turn1~ Being unfair vs people with learning disability guts their solvencyA~ No self-reflection since I already view myself as disadvantaged.B~ pathologizes psychic attachments for people who use debate to cope stress like me debating even though I'm immunocompromised and have covid and literally can't leave my room.2~ Virtual debates good ====A~ exposure==== B~ Accommodation technologyC~ Campus SizeTech DisadvantageVirtual reduces our carbon footprint by over 90Trappes et al. 20 ("The Online Alternative: Sustainability, Justice, and Conferencing in Philosophy." Rose Trappes of Bielefeld University, Daniel Cohnitz of Utrecht University, Viorel Pâslaru of University of Dayton, T. J. Perkins of University of Utah and Ali Teymoori of Helmut Schmidt University for European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 16 No. 2, November 2020. https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanakandid_clanak_jezik=361108) JET + BMC The economic consequences of pandemic response would prevent many debaters from attending tournaments – online resolves this and increases access from baselineTrappes et al. 20 ("The Online Alternative: Sustainability, Justice, and Conferencing in Philosophy." Rose Trappes of Bielefeld University, Daniel Cohnitz of Utrecht University, Viorel Pâslaru of University of Dayton, T. J. Perkins of University of Utah and Ali Teymoori of Helmut Schmidt University for European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 16 No. 2, November 2020. https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanakandid_clanak_jezik=361108) JET + BMC Extinction is the only coherent and egalitarian framework – prefer itKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) Virtual conferencing raises research quality – turns the affSarabipour 20 ("Research Culture: Virtual conferences raise standards for accessibility and interactions." By Sarvenaz Sarabipour of the Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, November 4, 2020. https://elifesciences.org/articles/62668) ~all figures omitted~ JET Independently, the new paradigm leads to acceleration of innovationSarabipour 20 ("Research Culture: Virtual conferences raise standards for accessibility and interactions." By Sarvenaz Sarabipour of the Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, November 4, 2020. https://elifesciences.org/articles/62668) ~all figures omitted~ JET That solves covid – conferences have allowed scientists to group up easier and share research – Zoom has and will result in less time on Zoom – turns the aff. | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Climate Patents DATournament: Patterson | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Panel Climate Patents and Innovation high now and solving Warming but COVID waiver sets a dangerous precedent for appropriations - the mere threat is sufficient is enough to kill investment.Brand 5-26, Melissa. "Trips Ip Waiver Could Establish Dangerous Precedent for Climate Change and Other Biotech Sectors." IPWatchdog.com | Patents and Patent Law, 26 May 2021, www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/26/trips-ip-waiver-establish-dangerous-precedent-climate-change-biotech-sectors/id=133964/. sid Private sector innovation is key to solve climate change – short term politicking and priority shifts means government can't solve alone.Henry 17, Simon. "Climate Change Cannot Be Solved by Governments Alone. How Can the Private Sector Help?" World Economic Forum, 21 Nov. 2017, www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/governments-alone-cannot-halt-climate-change-what-can-private-sector-do/. Programme Director, International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA) sid ~Turns War~ Warming causes WarKlare 15 Michael Klare 11-5-2015 "The water wars are coming: Civilization will never survive climate calamity" https://www.salon.com/2015/11/05/the_water_wars_are_coming_civilization_will_never_survive_climate_calamity/ (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and defense correspondent for The Nation)Elmer | 10/10/21 |
2 - SO - Grapevine CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le CP: Debaters ought to attend Grapevine In Person – perms incoherent since Joey chose to stay homeSolve their offense cuz no zoom fatigue.They'll say still uses tech but that's non-unique since debate always uses techTheir forwarding of the resolution and zoom solely to evidence its violent qualities is an affective investment in the violent norms of debate that they've critiqued—-this ev is oddly specific.Lundberg 12 – Dr. Christian Lundberg, Co-Director of the University Program in Cultural Studies and Professor of Rhetoric at the University of North Carolina, PhD in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, MA in Divinity from Emory University, BA from the University of Redlands, Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric, p. 174-177 | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Infrastructure DATournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii Attacks on Pharmaceutical Profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats' Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer Big Insulin aggressively lobbies Congress – immediate blowback from price-control policies.Lucas and Hancock 18 ~ELIZABETH LUCAS (Data Editor at Kaiser Health News, specializes in data analysis and reporting for the KHN enterprise team. She came from Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE), where she spent four years training and supporting data journalists around the world as the NICAR Data Library director. Previously she worked as a data reporter on health and the environment for the Center for Public Integrity. She has a master's degree from the Missouri School of Journalism) AND JAY HANCOCK (Senior correspondent, Kaiser Health News). "How High Drug Prices and Big Lobbying Budgets Go Together for Big Pharma". Fortune. April 26, 2018. Accessed 9/16/21. https://fortune.com/2018/04/26/drug-prices-diabetes-lobbying/ Xu~ Pharma backlash independently turns Case.Huetteman 19 Emmarie Huetteman 2-26-2019 "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash" https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/ (former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University's Medill School)Elmer Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer Warming entrenches Global North-South Inequality.LA Times 19 9-15-2019 "Editorial: Wealthy Countries are Responsible for Climate Change, but it's the poor who will suffer most" https://archive.is/aVCFf~~#selection-1989.1-2016.0 Elmer | 9/19/21 |
2 - SO - Set Col KTournament: Patterson | Round: 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1NC – Kritik====Genocidal settlement is a structure, not an event meaning ontological logic of elimination is an everyday manifestation that defines settler identity.==== That results in land exploitation and ecocide – specifically manifests in knowledge institutions making forefronting Settler Colonialism a prior question.Paperson 17 la paperson or K. Wayne Yang, June 2017, "A Third University is Possible" (an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego)Elmer Expansion of medical access is a form of settler colonial biomedical onslaught – humanitarian promotions of health proliferate genocidal assimilation.Klausen 13, Jimmy Casas. "Reservations on hospitality: contact and vulnerability in Kant and indigenous action." Hospitality and World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2013. 197-221. (Associate Professor in the Instituto de Relações Internacionais at the PontifÃcia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro)Elmer Biomedicine itself is invested in colonial exploitation through testing done on indigenous communities to biopiracy and stealing indigenous knowledge.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer Vote negative to endorse a cartography of refusalDay 15 Iyko, Associate Professor of English. Chair, Critical Social Thought. "Being or Nothingness: Indigeneity, Antiblackness, and Settler Colonial Critique." Source: Critical Ethnic Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 2015), pp. 102-121 Elmer Reject Reformism or Plan Focus - Challenging the 1AC's colonialist framework of interpretation is a prior question to whether or not the Aff is a good ideaDeloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder The Affrelegates indigenous possibility to reservation, accelerating death-making – only an orientation of refusal as generative can solve. This the ROTB is to reject systems of settler colonialism.King 17, Tiffany Lethabo. "Humans involved: Lurking in the lines of posthumanist flight." Critical Ethnic Studies 3.1 (2017): 162-185. (Assistant Professor of Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State)GZ but re-cut by Elmer | 10/9/21 |
2 - SO - T FrameworkTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le Voter for limits and ground - justifies infinite unpredictable aff advantage ground which overstretches research burdens while spiking core generics Fairness - manipulating the balance of prep structurally favor’s the aff - people come to debate for different reasons but pursuit of the ballot is the only unifying characteristic Clash - unpredictability destroys research accessibility and nuanced refinement - empathy and value clarification are key to fight dogma and create better advocates - turns case because precluding testing means the aff should be considered presumptively false Any dissad’s to the TVA are neg ground - it’s: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. No Impact Turn’s - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solve Vote negative for deterrence - at worst agree with the aff and vote neg because I shouldn’t be burdened to debate it Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - T ReduceTournament: Patterson | Round: 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1.1~ Interpretation - Reduce means permanent reduction – it's distinct from "waive" or "suspend."Reynolds 59 (Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) 2~ Violation – the plan waives intellectual property protections temporarily, which is an indefinite suspension. That's 1AC ~WTO Communication~.Waiver is temporary.Green 5/6 ~Andrew Green (Devex Contributing Reporter based in Berlin, his coverage focuses primarily on health and human rights and he has previously worked as Voice of America's South Sudan bureau chief and the Center for Public Integrity's web editor). "US backs waiver for intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines". Devex. 06 May 2021. Accessed 7/31/2021. https://www.devex.com/news/us-backs-waiver-for-intellectual-property-rights-for-covid-19-vaccines-99847 Xu~ 1AC Kang evidence says "Waiver" and "suspend rules"1AC HRW also says "Waiver" and "Waiving certain IP rules"~Pre-empting the We Meet~ – Plan Text in a Vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis for determining Topicality should be if the implementation of the Plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the directional meaning of the Topic's intent – anything else allows the 1AR to re-contextualize what the Plan says forcing the 1NC to predict infinite 1AR spin since they're not tied to their evidence.3~ Vote neg for limits and neg ground – re-instatement under any infinite number of conditions doubles aff ground – every plan becomes either temporary or permanent – you cherry-pick the best criteria and I must prep every aff while they avoid core topic discussions like reduction-based DAs which decks generics like Pharma Innovation and Bio-Tech.4~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive. | 10/9/21 |
2 - SO - Universal Agreements NCTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete ~1~ We can't access the perspective of others, so there's no shared basis for understanding the nature of agency. How I make decisions may be different from you.~2~ Our understanding of the world is constrained by biases, sensory flaws, and limited knowledge. Even if we agreed on morals, we would disagree on how to apply morals to a situation.~3~ Hijacks Medina – perspectives aren't accessible thenThis necessitates consistency with majority rule – nothing else grounds political legitimacy.Kelsen '55 Kelsen, Hans (Hans Kelsen was a dope Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher). "Foundations of Democracy." Ethics, Volume 66, Number 1, Oct. 1955, pg. 38-39, https://www.u-cursos.cl/derecho/2011/1/D121B0310B/1/material_docente/bajar?id_material=359324**. MBPZ *Modified for G-lang The standard is consistency with universal agreementPrefer—First, democratic decision-making maximizes the probability of moral truth which precludes individual reflection.Nino '91 Nino, Carlos S. (Carlos Nino was a Professor of Law at the University of Buenos Aires and a regular visiting Professor at the Yale Law School; He was a moral, legal, and political philosopher and holds a Ph.D. in law from Oxford University). "The Epistemological Moral Relevance of Democracy." Ratio Juris, Volume 4, Number 1, March 1991, pg. 36-51. http://www.stafforini.com/nino/Nino20-20The20epistemological20moral20relevance20of20democracy.pdf**. MBPZ Second, descriptivism is true – social conventions define linguistic meaning of words like "ought."Palmer '71 Palmer, Robert F. (Robert Palmer is Emeritus Professor of Linguistic Science at the University of Reading). "Grammar." Penguin Books, New York, N.Y., U.S.A., 2nd edition, pg. 15-16. MBPZ Third, Striving toward omni perspectival knowledge is the only way to be consistent with our moral judgments – Hudgens 07,~Jennifer L. Hudgens "Perspectives on Perspectivism: Nietzsche and His Commentators" Georgia State University Philosophy Theses Department of Philosophy 8-3-2007~ LHP NK and SS Fourth, morality must be capable of giving people reasons to act. Otherwise, people could conclude there is no reason for them to accept standards. Morality would just be a hypothetical imperative, which can't produce an obligation. Polls give each person a way to express their interests and are the best way to justify beliefs because they aggregate preferences. Merely justifying why an ethical theory is "true" does not matter if a person would never bind themselves to it.NegateMost of this was extempted 1~ If ethical calculations are impossible then vote negative on permissibility and presumption because they haven't proven the resolution true.2~ The 1AC has failed to prove that extemp3~ Mainstream – means that if the aff is popular you should vote neg – that was CX | 9/19/21 |
3 - ND - Air Traffic StrikesTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Low Air Traffic Strikes now due to lack of Right to Strike – the plan reverses penalties.Youn 19 Soo Youn 1-22-2019 "Why TSA and FAA workers can't just go on strike to end the shutdown" https://abcnews.go.com/US/tsa-faa-workers-strike-end-shutdown/story?id=60540070 (Freelance Journalist)Elmer Trade is rebounding now.Wood 9-16 Laura Wood 9-16-2021 "Global Terminal Tractor Market (2021 to 2026) - Advancements in Terminal Tractors Presents Opportunities" https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/09/16/2298189/28124/en/Global-Terminal-Tractor-Market-2021-to-2026-Advancements-in-Terminal-Tractors-Presents-Opportunities.html (Senior Press Manager at Research and Markets)Elmer Strong Airline Industry key to global trade and the economy – strikes obliterate these benefits.PWC 16, Pricewaterhouse Coopers. "Economic impact of air traffic control strikes in Europe." (2016). (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP)Elmer Collapse of Trade causes Hotspot Escalation – goes Nuclear.Kampf 20 David Kampf 6-16-2020 "How COVID-19 Could Increase the Risk of War" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28843/how-covid-19-could-increase-the-risk-of-war (Senior PhD Fellow at the Center for Strategic Studies at The Fletcher School)Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Cap K vs Anarcho SyndicateTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 2.Strikes have no effect – tech, replacement workers, public influence, employer costs, etc. Independently, only public workers solve strike ineffectiveness, not workers – all worker strikes do is anger the publicWaldersee 17 ~Victoria Waldersee; former Co-Director and Commissioning Editor for Economy; 9-7-2017; "We asked economists whether strikes really work"; Our Economy; https://www.ecnmy.org/engage/we-asked-economists-whether-strikes-really-work/; 11-20-2021~ Miller Illegal strike activity in the status quo solves the affirmative – the aff regulates squo strikes and prevents effective strikesOlivier 10/28 ~Indigo Olivier is a Brooklyn-based freelance journalist covering politics, labor, and higher education. "Striketober: America's workers are rising up", https://conversationalist.org/2021/10/28/striketober-americas-workers-are-rising-up/, published 10-28-21, accessed 11-4-21~ mk Re-Cut Miller Legally recognizing the right to strike renders it ineffective by de-radicalizing movements, decks solvency and turns case.White 18 (, A., 2018. Its Own Dubious Battle: The Impossible Defense of an Effective Right to Strike. ~online~ Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. Available at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles/1261/ ~Accessed 7 November 2021~ Ahmed White is the Nicholas Rosenbaum Professor of Law. Before arriving at the University of Colorado, he was a visitor at Northwestern University in 1999. He has also taught at Villanova Law School. Earlier in his career, Professor White's research focused heavily on the fate of rule of law norms and the rule of law concept in capitalist society, and on the role of criminal law and punishment as mechanisms of social control of the working class. More recently, Professor White's scholarship has taken a more definite historical turn. Much of his work concerns the history of law and labor relations from the early Twentieth Century through the New Deal period, as well as the viability of a functional system of labor rights in liberal society. The subjects of many of his articles over the last decade or so, these themes are central to his recent, acclaimed book, The Last Great Strike: Little Steel, the CIO, and the Struggle for Labor Rights in New Deal America (Oakland: University of California, 2016). They also feature in his second book, tentatively titled The Romance and the Suffering: Law, Violence, and the Tragic Fate of Radical Industrial Unionism in Twentieth Century America, which will be published by the University of California Press in 2021.)-rahulpenu The alternative and ROB are to organize against Racial Capitalism. Interp – evaluate the aff as a scholarly artefact. Fiat is illusory – voting aff doesn't pass the plan but we posture debate for material analysis and base building.Williams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ Ecological Leninism –Malm 20 ~Andreas Malm is associate senior lecturer in human ecology at Lund University. He is author of Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming and Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century. September 2020, "Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century", Verso Books GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Governance is good and inevitable – anarcho syndicate failsRenaux 19 ~Valarie, 5/29/19, Philosophy. Writing on Marxism, eliminativism in philosophy of mind and metaethics, suffering(-focused ethics), and philosophical pessimism, "Marxism and the State", https://medium.com/@valarierenaux/marxism-and-the-state-eeb6ceca4515 GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Case vs Soft Power UnionsTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Soft PowerAlt Causes to Soft Power Decline – Labor isn't key – 1AC Brand re-cutting1AC Brand 21 ~Brand finance reports on a wide array of domestic and global news stories; news topics include politics/government, business, technology, religion, sports/entertainment, science/nature, and health/lifestyle. "The decline of US soft power? Last year's ranking leader, America plummets down the Global Soft Power Index." May 2, 2021. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-decline-of-us-soft-power-last-years-ranking-leader-america-plummets-down-the-global-soft-power-index-301238970.html~~ US violations of International Labor Standards are inevitable and multiple Alt Causes other than the Right to Strike.Rosenberg 20 Eli Rosenberg 10-7-2020 "U.S. accused of violating international labor laws, forced-labor protections in new complaint" https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/10/08/international-complaint-worker-protections/ (University of California at Los Angeles, BA in American literature and Latin American studies)Elmer Soft Power "Liberal Order" fails and doesn't solve Democracy or War.Dr. Paul Staniland 18, Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago, 7/29/18, "Misreading the 'Liberal Order:' Why We Need New Thinking in American Foreign Policy;" Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/misreading-liberal-order-why-we-need-new-thinking-american-foreign-policy Multilateralism fails—diverging interests and a lack of faith guarantee cooperation is at best superficialHeribert Dieter 14, Senior Associate at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Visiting Professor for International Political Economy at Zeppelin University, Doctorate in Political Science and Economics, Free University of Berlin, 1/31/14, The G-20 and the Dilemma of Asymmetric Sovereignty – Why Multilateralism Is Failing in Crisis Prevention, International Relations and Security Network, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?lng=enandid=176145 1AC Kromah is about "Hard Power Hegemony?" NOT Soft Power Influence – they don't have a Causal Internal Link – don't give it to themHeg is ineffectiveFettweis 17 – Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University (Christopher, "Unipolarity, Hegemony, and the New Peace," Security Studies, 26:3, 423-451, 5-8-2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1306394)//Elmer Primacy is more unstable – our evidence is comparative.Christopher Preble 16, vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute. PhD in History from Temple University. With William Ruger. 2016. "The Problem With Primacy." In "Our Foreign Policy Choices, Rethinking America's Global Role" https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=741072022102024090075118113101083026016056000029024069069123111076082080009064093108016120111006027011049007074022115108007102123042042011081092085100005025006088070001052041101115092080116097001012108114029011071004086091092118120095090091004096029029andEXT=pdf UnionsThis China Innovation scenario is nonsense – yes, the Plan might make the US ahead of China but you don't reverse causally REMOVE China's Bio-terror capabilities.Unions decrease Innovation.Bradley 17, Daniel, Incheol Kim, and Xuan Tian. "Do unions affect innovation?." Management Science 63.7 (2017): 2251-2271. (Department of Finance, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida)Elmer Prefer over 1AC Shin – the line about "no detrimental effect" is a cherry-picked European study – 1NC Bradley is about the US while Shin isa bout Germany and the UK.AT Kuo – 1~ The internal link is not US winning the Tech Race – its China getting access to US genomic data sets – nothing in the Status Quo does that and the Plan definitely doesn't prevent it and 2~ The I/L is about "malicious actors" NOT China forcefully using itChina Tech is Peaceful.Allen 19 (, G., 2019. Understanding China's AI Strategy. ~online~ Cnas.org. Available at: https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/understanding-chinas-ai-strategy ~Accessed 6 September 2021~. Gregory C. Allen is a former Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) Technology and National Security Program. Mr. Allen focuses on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence, cybersecurity, robotics, space, and national security. His writing and analysis has appeared in the New York Times, The Washington Post, The Economist, Nature, CNN, Foreign Policy, WIRED, and Vox. His report, "Artificial Intelligence and National Security," a study conducted on behalf of the U.S. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), was published through the Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.)-rahulpenu No Bioweapons ImpactFilippa Lentzos 17. Senior research fellow jointly appointed in the Departments of War Studies and of Global Health and Social Medicine at King's College London. 07-03-17. "Ignore Bill Gates: Where bioweapons focus really belongs." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. http://thebulletin.org/ignore-bill-gates-where-bioweapons-focus-really-belongs10876 Democracy is Bad:1~ Warming - Democracy destroys the environment – extinction – try or die for authoritarianismDaniel, Poli Sci @ University of Leeds, 12 2~ Democracy causes great power nuclear war – backsliding solvesMuller, director of the Peace Research Institute in Frankfurt, professor of International Relations at Goethe University, 15 Democracy doesn't solve war—-it increases hostility.Ghatak et al. 17—Sam Ghatak is a Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Tennessee Knoxville; Aaron Gold is a PhD Student in Political Science at UT Knoxville; Brandon C. Prins is a Professor and Director of Graduate Studies of Political Science at UT Knoxville ~"External threat and the limits of democratic pacifism," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 141-159, Emory Libraries~ Pursuit of democracy now uniqely causes nuclear war with China, Russia, and Iran.Miller 17 (Benjamin; 4/27/17; Professor of International Relations at the School of Political Sciences, The University of Haifa; The International Security Studies Forum; "Policy Series: Will Trumpism increase the Danger of War in the International System?: IR Theory and the Illiberal Turn in World Politics"; https://issforum.org/roundtables/policy/1-5ag-war; DOA: 12/6/17) No DPT –1~ Democratization doesn't lead to peace.Stephen M. Walt, 2017 (professor at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government), June 2, 2017. Retrieved Apr. 14, 2019 from https://bigthink.com/design-for-good/why-promoting-human-rights-may-not-be-the-way-to-a-better-world 2~ DPT either empirically disproven or not statistically significantRosato 11, Sebastian. "On the democratic peace." Chapters (2011). (Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame)Elmer 3~ Autocratic Peace Theory is true – reject your cognitive bias to think otherwiseGartzke and Wesiger 13, Erik, and Alex Weisiger. "Permanent friends? Dynamic difference and the democratic peace." International Studies Quarterly 57.1 (2013): 171-185. (Professor at UPenn in Political Science)Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Court Packing DATournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin The Court is stimulating massive backlash over partisanship BUT sweeping Liberal reforms pacify opposition.Dr. Bruce Peabody 20, Professor of American Politics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, PhD in Government from the University of Texas at Austin, "How the Supreme Court can maintain its legitimacy amid intensifying partisanship", The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/how-the-supreme-court-can-maintain-its-legitimacy-amid-intensifying-partisanship-148126 That prevents Democratic court packing.D. Benjamin Barros 20, Dean and Professor of Law at the University of Toledo School of Law, "How the Democrats can pack the court and de-escalate at the same time", The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/judiciary/520190-how-the-democrats-can-pack-the-court-and-de-escalate-at-the-same-time Court packing prevents extinction from environmental tipping points like warming—-AND independently solves: CJR, democracy collapse and reproductive rights.Jay Willis 20, J.D. from Harvard Law School, B.A. in Social Welfare from the University of California, Berkeley, Senior Contributor, The Appeal at The Justice Collaborative, "Expanding the Supreme Court is Not Radical", The Appeal, https://theappeal.org/expand-the-supreme-court/ | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Critical Cartography KTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Space is not static but political – the affirmative's advocacy presupposes the demarcations that make the imperialist encroachment from one nation onto another possible. Borders are not just a part of war, but preconditions for war. This makes the K try or die for the AFF's impacts.Neocleous '03 Focus on achieving "human rights" reinforces racism due to the narrative of the redeemers redeeming themselves by protecting the inferior people. This view causes the movement to fail as the people who need help are alienated and otherized to a position of non-human – makes solvency impossible.Mutua 01' Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. and Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. The alternative is to engage in a crtitical cartography – use the ballot to recognize mapping as a partisan product of power relationsCrampton and Krygier '06 | 12/5/21 |
3 - ND - Hobbes NCTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih Hedonism collapses to moral egoism – even if pleasure is intrinsically good and motivating, it doesn't follow that other subjects pleasure is also intrinsically good1~ Non-sequitur – saying that x is good for me doesn't entail that x is good for everybody.2~ Solipsism – we can't verify if other humans also are experiential subjects or are just fleshy objects.3~ Disagreements – even if pleasure is good, humans always disagree with what is pleasurable, empirically proven by impact-calc in util debates.Moral egoism means relativism which they can't solve1~ Schmagency – even if we know what is ethical, there's no reason that we are bound to ethical behavior.2~ Application – even if we agree on what is ethical, we'll still disagree on what the best way on how to maximize ethical outcomes.The solution is the sovereign – we must surrender moral judgement.Williams Williams, Michael C. (Professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Ottawa). "Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration." International Organization, Volume 50, Number 2, pgs. 218-220. Spring 1996. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2704077**. Cho recut from PZ Outweighs util1~ Solves skepA~ Relativism – the sovereign can arbitrate their truths as objective which secures moral certaintyB~ Linguistic – obligations are always up to interpretation which means we can never follow them, like how the bible or constitution are heavily debated on. Surrendering judgement solves by declaring the sovereign's interpretation as objectively true.2~ Solves state of nature – infinite violence occurs over attempts to be the creator of meaning, the sovereign solves by eliminating all disagreementsThat outweighs:A~ Abduction – even if util is true and motivating, they can't explain why we don't follow it. Answering this negates – If we were actually motivated by utilitarian obligations then the squo would be the best state of affairs.B~ hijacks lexical pre-req – even if util is true we can't ever use it because we fear for our bodily security.NegateA sovereign can't be obligated to recognize anything because they are the ones who choose what to recognize. My offense o/ws on specificity because only our fw answers the question of what a just government is. Their definition of government can't solve skep which proves it isn't capable of being just. | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - Just Gov NCTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Presumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren't resolved e) winning the nc proves since otherwise we'd be blindly deceived when skeptical f) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote neg g) permissibility can't affirm since then anything would be ok which would justify racism – we should be safe and do nothing.just means morally upright.Google No Date ~"just". Google. No Date. Accessed 10/1/21. https://www.google.com/search?q=just+definitionandrlz=1C1CHBF_enUS877US877andoq=just+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l3.2304j0j7andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Xu~ Aff doesn't have inherency so vote on presumption. A just government would already do the plan if the plan is the most moral thing to do which means that under util their aff just defends the squo. Double-bind either just governments exist and act morally in the squo or the squo isn't moral so just governments don't exist which means the aff is impossible | 12/5/21 |
3 - ND - Racial Capitalism KTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westview JO | Judge: KASSIE COLN The utilization of strikes is a reformist smokescreen that reinforces capitalist labor-relations.IP 16 ~Note – the website cntrl c+v is weird so there might be a misspelled word (like "down" to "clown") or a misplaced comma or period. I'm not sure how to fix it but please let me know if you do! Internationalist Perspective (left-communist publication defending Marxism as a living theory and critiquing left-communist theory). "Trade unions: pillars of capitalism - Internationalist Perspective". LibCom. 1/5/16. Accessed 11/12/21. https://libcom.org/library/trade-unions-pillars-capitalism-internationalist-perspective Recut Xu from Majeed~ The will to secure civil society against the crises of financialization is parasitic on black exploitation and death - Racial capitalism requires predatory lending, financial states of exception, automated processing, extraction, confinement, and gratuitous violenceWang 18 ~Jackie, PhD African-American Studies @ Harvard, "Carceral Capitalism" p. 63-85ak47~ Resource competition and wealth extraction under Racial Capitalism produces fascism, endless war and environmental destructionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a material analysis based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles. Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that objectWilliams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - Racial Capitalism K vIndiaTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard The utilization of strikes is a reformist smokescreen that reinforces capitalist labor-relations.IP 16 ~Note – the website cntrl c+v is really weird so there might be a misspelled word (like "down" to "clown") or a misplaced comma or period. I'm not sure how to fix it but please let me know if you do! Internationalist Perspective (left-communist publication defending Marxism as a living theory and critiquing left-communist theory). "Trade unions: pillars of capitalism - Internationalist Perspective". LibCom. 1/5/16. Accessed 11/12/21. https://libcom.org/library/trade-unions-pillars-capitalism-internationalist-perspective Recut Xu from Majeed~ The will to secure civil society against the crises of financialization is parasitic on black exploitation and death - Racial capitalism requires predatory lending, financial states of exception, automated processing, extraction, confinement, and gratuitous violenceWang 18 ~Jackie, PhD African-American Studies @ Harvard, "Carceral Capitalism" p. 63-85ak47~ Resource competition and wealth extraction under Racial Capitalism produces fascism, endless war and environmental destructionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a material analysis based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles.Williams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ Red innovation and central planning solve everythingNieto and Mateo 20 ~Maxi Nieto is a PhD is sociology from the University of Elche and writer for Ciber Comunismo and Juan Pablo Mateo is a visiting scholar in the department of Economics at The New School, New York and economics professor at the University of Valladolid (Spain). January 2020, "Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets", Science and Society, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338327276_Dynamic_Efficiency_in_a_Planned_Economy_Innovation_and_Entrepreneurship_Without_Markets gbs jacobs and majeed~ Ecological Leninism solves warmingMalm 20 ~Andreas Malm is associate senior lecturer in human ecology at Lund University. He is author of Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming and Corona, Climate, Chronjavascript:void(null);ic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century. September 2020, "Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century", Verso Books GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Cap causes conflict over limited resources and funds war chest which increases the expected value of engagementRobinson '17 (William; is professor of sociology, global studies and Latin American studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara; April 19th; "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive"; https://truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/; accessed 3/25/19; MSCOTT) | 11/21/21 |
3 - ND - Sua SponteTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih The aff is sua sponte – it makes a decision in absence of arguments presented before the court – that crushes court legitimacyMilani and Smith 02 (Adam and Michael, both are Assistant Professors, Mercer University School of Law, "Playing God: A Critical Look at Sua Sponte Decisions by Appellate Courts," 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, Winter, lexis) Court legitimacy is key to effectively combat terrorismShapiro 3 (Jeremy, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Brookings institute - Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe, Project on International Order and Strategy, 3-1-2003, "French Lessons: The Importance of the Judicial System in Fighting Terrorism", The Brookings Institute, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/french-lessons-the-importance-of-the-judicial-system-in-fighting-terrorism/) Nuclear terrorism causes extinctionHellman 8 (Martin, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, "Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence" SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf) | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - T ATournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard Interpretation—the aff may not specify a just governmentA is an generic indefinite singular. Cohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf Rules readings are always generalized – specific instances are not consistent. lCohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf** That outweighs—only our evidence speaks to how indefinite singulars are interpreted in the context of normative statements like the resolution. This means throw out aff counter-interpretations that are purely descriptiveViolation—they specified IndiaVote neg:1~ Precision –any deviation justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.2~ Limits—specifying a just government offers huge explosion in the topic since they get permutations of more than 50 just governments in the world depending on their definition of just government. Neg positions like the Economy DA, Advantage CPs, etc. are jettisoned when the aff specifies a country that we don't have specific ev to.3~ TVA solves – read the aff as advantage – most authors advocate for a change in a strike writ largeTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare forNo RVIs—it's your burden to be topical. Anything else chills real abuseT before 1ar Theory – norms – we only have a couple months to set t norms but can debate about condo, pics, etc. all we want every topic which ow/s | 11/21/21 |
3 - ND - T UnconditionalTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 1.1~ Interpretation: The affirmative must defend an unconditional right to strike. This means that the Affirmative must defend that anyone regardless of job or occupation has a fundamental right to strike.Merriam Webster ND, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional sid 2~ Violation – They only grant the Right to Strike to ~mass workers against capitlism~. That by definition is a condition since they condition the right to strike on a particular occupation.Jensen '18 (Eric; co-director of the Stanford Rule of Law Program, in collaboration with USAID, The Asia Foundation, and Stanford Law School; April 2018; "Introduction to the Laws of Timor-Leste"; Stanford Law School; https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Timor-Leste-Constitutional-Rights.pdf; Accessed: 10-30-2021; AU) 3~ Standards –a~ Limits – there are endless conditions the aff can place on the right to strike – i.e based on occupation, national holidays, location of strike, etc. That makes the topic untenable since the Aff can just infinitely specify any condition or permutation of conditions which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible.b~ Neg Ground – specifying scenarios lets affs spike out of core, reduction-based disads like Bizcon and Small Businesses. Links are already non-existent on this topic – letting affs impose restrictions on RTS makes it even narrower.4~ TVA – establish a right to strike and read Teacher Unions as an Advantage.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive. | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Transit Strikes DATournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Transportation Strikes are low now due to Federal Strike Bans.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Transit Strikes cause mass damage that far outweighs any benefits – specifically causes high Air Pollution by causing shifts to Personal Traffic.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Stable Mass Transit solves Transport Emissions which cause Warming.Thanks Sam for Finding Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Transit Strikes PICTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih Plan text: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional worker's right to strike except for Essential Workers.Essential Workers includes Public Transportation.Weiss 2k, Marley S. "The right to strike in essential services under United States labor law." (2000). (Professor of Law, University of Maryland School of Law.)Elmer CP solves the Aff – CIL is a conditioned RTS that excludes Essential Workers – the CP aligns the US w/ all of ILO mandate – here's 1AC Brudney.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ sid Transportation Strikes are low now due to Federal Strike Bans.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Transit Strikes cause mass damage that far outweighs any benefits – specifically causes high Air Pollution by causing shifts to Personal Traffic.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Stable Mass Transit solves Transport Emissions which cause Warming.Thanks Sam for Finding Warming causes Extinction – crossapp their extinction evWe get one condo pic vs an aff that specs the US – definding one government forces debates to the margins and Neg should be able to try and see what sticks. Aff spec means they get to choose exactly what they defend so they should be able to justify every single thing that the aff does. | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND Congress CPTournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin The United States Congress should recognize an unconditional worker's Right to Strike by passing the Protecting the Right to Organize Act. The United States Congress should cite International Labor Accords as the justification for it's decision.CP citing International Law solves Opino Juris – all it needs to do is cite the Law as a justification.====Solves the Aff – Congress has authority.==== The issue with RTS isn't legality – it's legislative loopholes, which only Congress can amend – Circumvention turn to the Aff.Reddy '21 (Diana; contributor to The Yale Law Journal; 1-6-2021; "'There Is no Such Thing as an Illegal Strike': Reconceptualizing the Strike in Law and Political Economy"; The Yale Law Journal; https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-illegal-strike-reconceptualizing-the-strike-in-law-and-political-economy; Accessed: 10-30-2021; AU) | 12/4/21 |
4 - G - Advocacy SpecTournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: LHP WH | Judge: Curtis Chang Interpretation: The aff must explicitly specify a comprehensive advocacy text in the 1AC where they clarify how their offense links back to the role of the ballot, is it post-fiat offense or pre-fiat offense and a clear explanation of the advocacy's actor, action and objectViolation: They didn'tStandards:1. Engagement – Knowing their advocacy is a prerequisite to making meaningful arguments, so its impossible to engage the aff. Our interp ensures that I read something relevant to your method, and knowing pre-fiat or post-fiat offense gives us a standard for what is relevant. This is true of kritikal affs since there is no norm on what "symbolic terrorism" is in the same way there is for what counts as a plan. Few impacts:a) Education – When two ships pass in the night we don't learn anything - This also guts novice inclusion because now they can never learn arguments in round.b) Link turns the aff – Your impacts are premised on engaging with issues of oppression, but no one will take seriously a position that can't be clashed withc) Strategy Skew – You can recontextualize your advocacy to make up reasons why my links and offense don't link in the 1ARFraming: You can't use the aff to exclude my shell. My shell simply constrains how you read your advocacy. My method is your advocacy with specification, so if I'm winning comparative offense, the shell outweighs even if method debates in general preclude theory. | 1/15/22 |
4 - G - Disabled Debaters get extra Prep TimeTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Astropolitics KTournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ramsay DF | Judge: Ava Zinman 1NC – OFFOuter space isn't value neutral but has always been a question of militarization – debates between civilian and military use are two sides of the same coin that affectively polices society, culminating in total war.Craven 19 ~Brackets Original. Matt Craven (Professor of International Law, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom). "'Other Spaces': Constructing the Legal Architecture of a Cold War Commons and the Scientific-Technical Imaginary of Outer Space". European Journal of International Law, Volume 30, Issue 2, May 2019, Pages 547–572, Accessed 1/12/22. https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/30/2/547/5536739 Xu~ The 1AC is a misdiagnosis of debris – wargames and coverups whitewashes militarism's recreation of debris.Reno 20 ~Joshua O. Reno (Associate Professor of Anthropology at Binghamton University). February 2020. Accessed 1/15/22. "Military Waste: The Unexpected Consequences of Permanent War Readiness". UC Press. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520316027/military-waste Xu~ The 1AC's use of international law in regulating outer space whitewashes the fundamental asymmetries of IR – 1AC Leon claims of "superior authority, a State, entitled to attribute and enforce them" proves it greenlights Great Power domination, while "Withdrawal of a single state " and "it must be accepted as such by the major space faring states" is homogenization.Havercroft and Duvall 09 ~Jonathan Havercroft (Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Southampton) and Raymond Duvall (Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change/MacArthur Interdisciplinary Program on Global Change, Sustainability, and Justice at the University of Minnesota). "Critical astropolitics The geopolitics of space control and the transformation of state sovereignty". Securing Outer Space. 2009. Accessed 1/26/2022. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203882023-8/critical-astropolitics-geopolitics-space-control-transformation-state-sovereignty-jonathan-havercroft-raymond-duvall Xu~ The impact is unending war and environmental catastrophe.Craven 19 ~Matt Craven (Professor of International Law, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom). "'Other Spaces': Constructing the Legal Architecture of a Cold War Commons and the Scientific-Technical Imaginary of Outer Space". European Journal of International Law, Volume 30, Issue 2, May 2019, Pages 547–572, Accessed 1/12/22. https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/30/2/547/5536739 Xu~ The alternative is Worldism – the refusal of international relations and specialization as dictated by militarism in favor of epistemological interventions into the exercise of Space as a carceral apparatus.Agathangelou and Ling 09 Anna M. Agathangelou is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Political Science and Women's Studies at York University, Canada and co-director of the Global Change Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus, L.H.M. Ling is an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program in Inter- national Affairs at The New School, New York, USA., Transforming World Politics: From empire to multiple worlds, The New International Relations Series, 2009. Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that object - we should be able to negate the aff in its totality by testing their justifications because those are the reasons they staked out to vote aff.1~ Whitewashing – militaristic discourse is a self-fulfilling prophecy, which proves reps are necessary and absent critique their epistemology should be assumed incorrect.2~ Spillover – voting aff doesn't pass the plan but the scholastic endeavors in are deployed in debate impact our subjectivity. | 2/20/22 |
4 - JF - Black Buddhism vs ChinaTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying Their demand for durable fiat is a form of white delusion that represents an active misapprehension of reality — there is an epistemic imperative to dismantle this anti-black social practice.McRae '19 ~Emily; May 13; Associate Professor of Buddhism at the University of New Mexico; Buddhism and Whiteness: Critical Reflections, Philosophy of Race, "Chapter 1," p. 44-45~ Just like debate, international relations is complicit in an white supremacist rationalism that pathologizes the lived realities of black folx as an insufficient critical prospective — only the alt's intentional incorporation of race into policy debates enshrines the empathy AND connectedness necessary to challenge the mundane white supremacy preserved through their practice of denial.Gordon and Harper-Shipman '20 ~Lewis and T.D.; 2020; Professor of Philosophy at UCONN-Storr; Assistant Professor of Africana Studies at Davidson College; The Routledge Handbook to Rethinking Ethics in International Relations, "Race and Ethics in International Relations," p. 75-77~ LINKS EXTEMPTED but something about how banning China from doing space because it would stop US HEG is racist IR and Heg is racist Unethical delusions are an existential threat.Loy '18 ~David; April 21st; Former professor of Ethics, Religion, and Society at Xavier University; Mountain Cloud, "Are Humans Special? Part 3 by David Loy," https://www.mountaincloud.org/are-humans-special-part-3-by-david-loy-2/~~ The alternative is to submit to Black Buddhist meditation — in the face of a case about banning Chinese Space program, we only offer silence.Vesely-Flad '19 ~Rima; May 13; Ph.D. Director of Peace and Justice Studies at Warren Wilson College; Buddhism and Whiteness: Critical Reflections, Philosophy of Race, "Chapter 5," p. 85-86~ | 1/29/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs ChinaTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying Russo-China AdvantageChina-Russia coop solves nuclear warArtyom Lukin 20 ~{Artyom Lukin is Deputy Director for Research at the School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University. He is also Associate Professor at the Department of International Relations. 6-13-2020. "The Russia–China entente and its future." https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-020-00251-7~~}JM Space weapon deployment doesn't cause an arms race or increase chance of warLopez 12 ~LAURA DELGADO LO´ PEZ, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Arlington, Virginia. Astropolitics. "Predicting an Arms Race in Space: Problematic Assumptions for Space Arms Control." https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14777622.2012.647391~~ Vote Neg on Zero I/L – ASAT's aren't private actor space appropriation – this means the Plan can't solve anything.a~ Outer Space means above the atmosphere.Howell 17 Elizabeth Howell 6-7-2017 "What is Space?" https://www.space.com/24870-what-is-space.html (Ph.D., is a contributing writer for Space.com since 2012. As a proud Trekkie and Canadian, she tackles topics like spaceflight, diversity, science fiction, astronomy and gaming to help others explore the universe. Elizabeth's on-site reporting includes two human spaceflight launches from Kazakhstan, and embedded reporting from a simulated Mars mission in Utah. She holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, and a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University.)Elmer China's ASAT's are located on the ground.Erwin 20 Sandra Erwin 9-1-2020 "Pentagon report: China amassing arsenal of anti-satellite weapons" https://spacenews.com/pentagon-report-china-amassing-arsenal-of-anti-satellite-weapons/ (Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA's National Defense Magazine and Pentagon correspondent for Real Clear Defense.)Elmer b~ Private entity are non-governmental.Dunk 11 Von Der Dunk, Frans G. "1. The Origins Of Authorisation: Article VI Of The Outer Space Treaty And International Space Law." National Space Legislation in Europe. Brill Nijhoff, 2011. 3-28. (University of Nebraska)Elmer China's ASATs are operated by the Strategic Support Force – proven by 1AC Chow and Kelley. | 1/29/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs DeleuzeTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying ONP/P NegatePresumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren't resolvedHijack – DeterminismDeleuze triggers determinism. If I win this it proves the subject has no capcity for fluidity, and even if they do, it is a form of static fluidity that prevents true becoming, which denies their framework.If the subject is PURELY affect then the subject has no control over their reactions or actions since the way they relate to the world is entirely influenced by the physical substance of affect that makes up the world which means they have no capacity to be fluid.That Negates – Determinism denies the moral value of prohibitions and obligations, if all actions are already locked in then trying to make subjects morally culpable for them is meaningless as it is already predetermined the subject would do that. This negates the prescriptive value of ought statements making the aff incoherent.Hijack – PanpsychismDeleuze triggers panpsychism – If everything in the world is made of affect, and affect is what generates ethical obligations to allow for fluidity, then we have obligations to allow every instance of the world to be fluid, since there is nothing that makes a chair distinct from a human insofar as they are made of the same substantive affect that generates their relationality. If the is false, so is your framework since the world isn't made of affect and there are stable properties to every instance of the world.Panpsychism creates a paradox of obligations – we either accept every obligation that exists to every object and therefor never take an action since we would inevitably violate a fluid property which turns the ac or we reject every obligation premised on the concept of a affect which means we reject the obligation of the 1ac.No degrees of wrongness – how do you compare affects FWAT: Top Level AnalyticsMemory unifies the subject – You can still identify with past selves, even if you're not the exact same; eg I know I'm still Sebastian even if I've changed somewhat. They haven't identified why core parts of the subject have changed AT: RobinsonInfinitely regressive – whenever autonomous social mvts go to scale they become statist and then stratify groups – turns their offense. Autonegates b/c ethics can never be fulfilled so we can never have complete obligations AT: SmithTurn – not all deterritorization is good. For ex we should be able to say rape bad w/o deterritorizing it. AT: MassumiTurn – Positions that are too radical cause violent backlash from the state and crack down on the most vulnerable bodies first. Means their framework is inaccessible which o/w ContentionT/L – Space appropriation is not the same as settler colonialism – nobody live on mars. That's BETTER because we don't steal it from other people 1~ Appropriation of property is key to expression of subjectivityKanning 12 ~Michael A. Kanning (Graduate School at University of South Florida). "A Philosophical Analysis of Intellectual Property: In Defense of Instrumentalism". A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Philosophy College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida. January 2012. Accessed 8/22/21. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=5290andcontext=etd Xu~ 2~ Privater ownership is key to protect the free market assemblage and resist statist terrortorialization – even if the squo isn't perfect, the alternative is microfacism.Zeidman and Gupta 16 ~Bob Zeidman (one of the leading experts on intellectual property, particularly as it relates to software. He is the president and founder of Zeidman Consulting, a premier contract research and development firm in Silicon Valley that focuses on engineering consulting to law firms about intellectual property disputes) and Eashan Gupta (Investment Banking Analyst at William Blair). "Why Libertarians Should Support a Strong Patent System". IP Watchdog. January 5, 2016. Accessed 9/3/21. https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2016/01/05/why-libertarians-should-support-a-strong-patent-system/id=64438/ Xu~ 4~ To say you want to reduce appropriation, you must say that you want appropriation to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes an moral attempt inherently unjust2~ Creating a coherent definition of what an properties are is inherently violent because it flattens different pieces of technology into a static norm, which means that defining things is impossible and takes out the aff.5~ Aff gets coopted – it's passed through the state which is a double turn under their FW and causes the cooption they critique6~ Fluid subjectivity requires us to not be staticized to a specific territory which means that private appropriation is good expand our assemblages | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs KantTournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Archit Kumar | Judge: Jenn Melin 1NC – Ideal theory goodAbstraction fails—theory can diagnose a problem, but can't tell us how to address injustices.Mills '09 Group Holstrom and Shelby is about combining ideal theory with non-ideal theory and is in the context of rawls – it doesn't support kant because kant rejects experience and material resistance because of the is-ought gapIf they go for "our framework takes out impacts to the K" then it proves our thesis and means their underview flips neg1NC – FWKActorspec is wrong – no government in the rezhiearchy 1NC – Contentionfreedom AT: Leonspace mining isn't appropriation – its not permanent and OST consensus.Hofmann and Bergamasco 19 ~Mahulena Hofmann (SES Chair in Space, SatCom and Media Law at the University of Luxembourg) and Federico Bergamasco (PhD Researcher in aviation, telecommunication and space law University of Luxembourg). "Space resources activities from the perspective of sustainability: legal aspects". Global Sustainability. 9 December 2019. Accessed 12/18/21. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/DF153F4A77970AC9E12444EC2B001F8A/S2059479819000279a.pdf/div-class-title-space-resources-activities-from-the-perspective-of-sustainability-legal-aspects-div.pdf Xu~ AT: WestphalThis isn't offense, it doesn't say that private entities are unjust just that there is no government to control them in space. At worst, proves the link to the K because their categorical imperitative requires an infinte deferral to the parent child dialectic and TURNS autonomyAT: EjikIlaw is non-unvierslaislabe because not everybody signed onto itAT: BryanAppropriation means permanent control over a region of space – that doesn't stop explorationTrapp 13, Timothy Justin. "Taking up Space by Any Other Means: Coming to Terms with Nonappropriation Article of the Outer Space Treaty." U. Ill. L. Rev. (2013): 1681. (JD Candidate at UIUC Law School)Re-cut by Elmer LINK TO THE K – their scholarship codifies difference through the lense of super or inferior intelligence | 1/29/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs Kant v2Tournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Heritage SS | Judge: James Stuckert, Angela Zhong 1NC – AT: UnderviewReasonability on 1AR shells – 1AR theory is very aff-biased because the 2AR gets to line-by-line every 2NR standard with new answers that never get responded toRVIs on 1AR theory – 1AR being able to spend 20 seconds on a shell and still win forces the 2N to allocate at least 2:30 on the shell which means RVIs check back time skewDTA on 1AR shells - They can blow up blippy 20 second shells in the 2AR but I have to split my time and can't preempt 2AR spin which necessitates judge interventionNo new 1ar theory paradigm issues- A~ New 1ar paradigms moot any 1NC theoretical offense B~ introducing them in the aff allows for them to be more rigorously testedFairness isn't a voter since the ballot is determined off inequitiesPermissibility is irrelevant on this topic since there is no action to be obligated toPresumption negates –A~ If we deny the truth of the aff then you negate – textualityB~ resolved in the resolution denotes certainty which means if they aren't determined and uncertain then you can't affirm1NC – Contention1~ Unjust means unfair.U.S. Supreme Court 97 ~Brackets Original. 521 U.S. 591 (1997) AMCHEM PRODUCTS, INC., et al. v. WINDSOR ET AL. No. 96-270. United States Supreme Court. Argued February 18, 1997. Decided June 25, 1997. Accessed 1/11/21. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=10149606034909104692andq=definition+of+unjust+as+unfairandhl=enandas_sdt=6,44 Xu~ ====That negates – unfairness is impossible because everybody is a priori equal.==== ====2~ For them to win that appropriation is unjust they have to win that its actually a bad or coercive enterprise – their evidence just says that its impossible to adjudicate morality in space – that's a neg argument for ethical permissibility and justifies "you do you" ==== 3~ Kant says that ethical contingencies are irrelevant and only intrinsic injustice can be objectively bad – all of their stiltz ev says that this isn't possible without an omnilateral will. We will concede that an omnilateral will doesn't exist in space but that negates because it means nothing can be unjust in outer spaceBindingness – Externalism fails since it begs the question of how we gain knowledge of a priori truths. Their fwk isn't binding – 4 warrants1~ TailoringA~ Every single maxim is tailoring since its specified to specific agents and actions like "appropriation by entities."B~ Superman doesn't have to respect other peoples maxims since nobody can stop him which prevents contradiction in conception – empirically proven by dictators that abuse their constituents without resistance.2~ Rule following paradoxA~ we will always be uncertain whether we have correctly discovered truthB~ we will always be uncertain whether we have correctly understand and act on truth====3~ Meno's – in order to discover something, it must not be known, but in order to know to discover something, it must already be known – this makes the quest for knowledge incomprehensible and thus impossible ==== 4~ Cross-app neurosience5~ Schmagency – no inherent reason why we act as practical reasonersA~ Moral error – we can forget, miscalculate or willfully ignore our logical reasoning processesB~ We didn't choose to be alive which proves our supposed agency was not optional which means we constitutively aren't agents. How do we know we are practical reasoners in then first place – it took humans thousands of years for kant to write his book.1NC: FW LBLTop level – they have failed to justify a robust epistemology claim that explains how they are able to solve all the flaws with experiential knowledge. If it is true that our experiences are flawed and biased, what is different about our logical reasoning processes. This answer is no-where to be found in the 1AC and we'll end this debate in the 1nLBL1~ Induction fails is a lot scarier than you think2~ Cartesian skepticism – we could be controlled by a kant monster that influences all of our thoughts into thinking that the aff is true which can't be resolved by transcendentalism because we don't have agency over our thoughts3~ Sequencing – you had to read about kant before you understood the theory which proves that our access to morality is controlled by empiricism1~ 10. ==== 2~ 12. ==== | 2/20/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs Race warTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Vote Negative on Presumption – multiple warrants:1~ Their forms of sociality through the "Echo" that they embrace are ongoing – black forms of collectivity within debate like LBS, forms of spiritual endurance, etc. which proves there is no unique benefit to voting Aff2~ Jay, Abhived already read it in LD and Nae Edwards, NoBro and Coppell did it for years before-hand – the Race War hasn't ended nor have they worked the code against the code of Logistics – proves the Ballot isn't key to their offense and only a risk of commodification3~ The 1AC's method of Endurance means they cannot leverage all of the Race War as offense, only the process of individual survivalPresumption is a sequencing question to any other part of this debate – Tommy ~not abhived~ does not get the ballot for simply saying the Race War exists and identifies sociality in the Status Quo – they have to prove their affective orientation is successful in overcoming violent structuresAT Beller –1~ Doesn't mention race once – it says the "linguistic commons" have been infiltrated by commodity exchange – a~ can't let them generalize Debate to a "race war", b~ means you can't escape it – you participate in this debate, you pay entry fees, hire coaches and judges, etc., and c~ proves Cap is the Root Cause.2~ They will go for this as "Debate Bad" – that's untrue – Debate is Good for Racial Liberation.LBS 18 Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle 2018 "History" https://www.lbsbaltimore.com/about-us/history/ Elmer On Logistics theoryGovernance is inevitable and turns caseRenaux 19 ~Valarie, 5/29/19, Philosophy. Writing on Marxism, eliminativism in philosophy of mind and metaethics, suffering(-focused ethics), and philosophical pessimism, "Marxism and the State", https://medium.com/@valarierenaux/marxism-and-the-state-eeb6ceca4515 GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Falsifiability should be a filter for the entirety of the logistics debate - their theory is untestable and should be considered presumptively false OR its only value rest in enabling an understanding of the world and the subsequent actions as a result of that understandingMateriality precedes logistics - even if they win logistics is true, materiality filters how those ontological depictions operate in real world - they agree that anti-black violence can get worst so reducing harm is still an intrinsic good | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs Race warTournament: Colleyville | Round: 5 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Vote Negative on Presumption – multiple warrants:1~ Their forms of sociality through the "Echo" that they embrace are ongoing – black forms of collectivity within debate like LBS, forms of spiritual endurance, etc. which proves there is no unique benefit to voting Aff2~ Jay, Abhived already read it in LD and Nae Edwards, NoBro and Coppell did it for years before-hand – the Race War hasn't ended nor have they worked the code against the code of Logistics – proves the Ballot isn't key to their offense and only a risk of commodification3~ The 1AC's method of Endurance means they cannot leverage all of the Race War as offense, only the process of individual survivalPresumption is a sequencing question to any other part of this debate – Tommy ~not abhived~ does not get the ballot for simply saying the Race War exists and identifies sociality in the Status Quo – they have to prove their affective orientation is successful in overcoming violent structuresAT Beller –1~ Doesn't mention race once – it says the "linguistic commons" have been infiltrated by commodity exchange – a~ can't let them generalize Debate to a "race war", b~ means you can't escape it – you participate in this debate, you pay entry fees, hire coaches and judges, etc., and c~ proves Cap is the Root Cause.2~ They will go for this as "Debate Bad" – that's untrue – Debate is Good for Racial Liberation.LBS 18 Leaders of a Beautiful Struggle 2018 "History" https://www.lbsbaltimore.com/about-us/history/ Elmer On Logistics theoryGovernance is inevitable and turns caseRenaux 19 ~Valarie, 5/29/19, Philosophy. Writing on Marxism, eliminativism in philosophy of mind and metaethics, suffering(-focused ethics), and philosophical pessimism, "Marxism and the State", https://medium.com/@valarierenaux/marxism-and-the-state-eeb6ceca4515 GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Falsifiability should be a filter for the entirety of the logistics debate - their theory is untestable and should be considered presumptively false OR its only value rest in enabling an understanding of the world and the subsequent actions as a result of that understandingMateriality precedes logistics - even if they win logistics is true, materiality filters how those ontological depictions operate in real world - they agree that anti-black violence can get worst so reducing harm is still an intrinsic good | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs SOKOTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo T/L – They cut like evey card you should assign less creedence and err neg – I didn't have much time to prep this affNokoNonunique – host of other areas in which Noko is treated as unequal, like their nukes going unrecognized and devastating sanctionsGrossman has no terminal impact – it also assumes Noko stationing nukes in space, but they haven't read ev about the feasibility of thatIf North Korea could detonate a nuclear weapon in space, it could also undertake a 'Van Allen' attack that would be designed to excite and expand the lower Van Allen radiation belt around Earth, exposing up to 803 satellites in LEO to high levels of radiation. US Defense Threat Reduction Agency analysis in 2010 suggested that satellites in LEO, which are not hardened against radiation found in higher orbits, would be vulnerable to nuclear detonations that 'pumped' the intensity of the Van Allen belts. Weeks or months of cumulative damage generated by passing through the zones of radiation would cause those satellites to fail. A Van Allen attack is highly indiscriminate: any satellite passing through the excited lower belt would be damaged. US satellites would be just as defenceless as those belonging to China, Russia or other states. DebrisNo impact to debris – it hits stations all the time.Cain '15 (Fraser; 12/23/15; writer for Universe Today; "How Do Astronauts Avoid Debris"; http://www.universetoday.com/121067/how-do-astronauts-avoid-debris) Probability – 0.1 chance of a collision.Salter 16 ~(Alexander William, Economics Professor at Texas Tech) "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS" 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 *numbers replaced with English words~ TDI Time frame – Kessler effect 200 years awayStubbe 17 ~(Peter, PhD in law @ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt) "State Accountability for Space Debris: A Legal Study of Responsibility for Polluting the Space Environment and Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris," Koninklijke Brill Publishing, ISBN 978-90-04-31407-8, p. 27-31~ TDI Use or lose is wrong – It'd be irrational AND never be contemplated by any state.Kroenig 18 Matthew Kroenig, Associate Professor in the Department of Government and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, Oxford UPress, pp. 137-142 Alliance1AC Sukin from this year is right about alliance cred being strong now – proves no impact to Soko space sectorUS-Soko alliance is weak now – space capabilities are key to bolster itPark 3/26 ~(Si-Soo, covers space industries in South Korea, master's degree in science journalism from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, bachelor's degree in business from Hanyang University) "South Korean leader vows 'landing on the moon by 2030," Space News, 3/26/2021~ JL 1AC Pollack is not reverse causal – doesn't explain why Soko would sign onto BMD agreements given they said no for decades prior to having a space industry | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs SOKOTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo T/L – They cut like evey card you should assign less creedence and err neg – I didn't have much time to prep this affNokoNonunique – host of other areas in which Noko is treated as unequal, like their nukes going unrecognized and devastating sanctionsGrossman has no terminal impact – it also assumes Noko stationing nukes in space, but they haven't read ev about the feasibility of thatIf North Korea could detonate a nuclear weapon in space, it could also undertake a 'Van Allen' attack that would be designed to excite and expand the lower Van Allen radiation belt around Earth, exposing up to 803 satellites in LEO to high levels of radiation. US Defense Threat Reduction Agency analysis in 2010 suggested that satellites in LEO, which are not hardened against radiation found in higher orbits, would be vulnerable to nuclear detonations that 'pumped' the intensity of the Van Allen belts. Weeks or months of cumulative damage generated by passing through the zones of radiation would cause those satellites to fail. A Van Allen attack is highly indiscriminate: any satellite passing through the excited lower belt would be damaged. US satellites would be just as defenceless as those belonging to China, Russia or other states. DebrisNo impact to debris – it hits stations all the time.Cain '15 (Fraser; 12/23/15; writer for Universe Today; "How Do Astronauts Avoid Debris"; http://www.universetoday.com/121067/how-do-astronauts-avoid-debris) Probability – 0.1 chance of a collision.Salter 16 ~(Alexander William, Economics Professor at Texas Tech) "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS" 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 *numbers replaced with English words~ TDI Time frame – Kessler effect 200 years awayStubbe 17 ~(Peter, PhD in law @ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt) "State Accountability for Space Debris: A Legal Study of Responsibility for Polluting the Space Environment and Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris," Koninklijke Brill Publishing, ISBN 978-90-04-31407-8, p. 27-31~ TDI Use or lose is wrong – It'd be irrational AND never be contemplated by any state.Kroenig 18 Matthew Kroenig, Associate Professor in the Department of Government and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, Oxford UPress, pp. 137-142 Alliance1AC Sukin from this year is right about alliance cred being strong now – proves no impact to Soko space sectorUS-Soko alliance is weak now – space capabilities are key to bolster itPark 3/26 ~(Si-Soo, covers space industries in South Korea, master's degree in science journalism from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, bachelor's degree in business from Hanyang University) "South Korean leader vows 'landing on the moon by 2030," Space News, 3/26/2021~ JL 1AC Pollack is not reverse causal – doesn't explain why Soko would sign onto BMD agreements given they said no for decades prior to having a space industry | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Case vs SOKOTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo T/L – They cut like evey card you should assign less creedence and err neg – I didn't have much time to prep this affNokoNonunique – host of other areas in which Noko is treated as unequal, like their nukes going unrecognized and devastating sanctionsGrossman has no terminal impact – it also assumes Noko stationing nukes in space, but they haven't read ev about the feasibility of thatIf North Korea could detonate a nuclear weapon in space, it could also undertake a 'Van Allen' attack that would be designed to excite and expand the lower Van Allen radiation belt around Earth, exposing up to 803 satellites in LEO to high levels of radiation. US Defense Threat Reduction Agency analysis in 2010 suggested that satellites in LEO, which are not hardened against radiation found in higher orbits, would be vulnerable to nuclear detonations that 'pumped' the intensity of the Van Allen belts. Weeks or months of cumulative damage generated by passing through the zones of radiation would cause those satellites to fail. A Van Allen attack is highly indiscriminate: any satellite passing through the excited lower belt would be damaged. US satellites would be just as defenceless as those belonging to China, Russia or other states. DebrisNo impact to debris – it hits stations all the time.Cain '15 (Fraser; 12/23/15; writer for Universe Today; "How Do Astronauts Avoid Debris"; http://www.universetoday.com/121067/how-do-astronauts-avoid-debris) Probability – 0.1 chance of a collision.Salter 16 ~(Alexander William, Economics Professor at Texas Tech) "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS" 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 *numbers replaced with English words~ TDI Time frame – Kessler effect 200 years awayStubbe 17 ~(Peter, PhD in law @ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt) "State Accountability for Space Debris: A Legal Study of Responsibility for Polluting the Space Environment and Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris," Koninklijke Brill Publishing, ISBN 978-90-04-31407-8, p. 27-31~ TDI Use or lose is wrong – It'd be irrational AND never be contemplated by any state.Kroenig 18 Matthew Kroenig, Associate Professor in the Department of Government and the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, Oxford UPress, pp. 137-142 Alliance1AC Sukin from this year is right about alliance cred being strong now – proves no impact to Soko space sectorUS-Soko alliance is weak now – space capabilities are key to bolster itPark 3/26 ~(Si-Soo, covers space industries in South Korea, master's degree in science journalism from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, bachelor's degree in business from Hanyang University) "South Korean leader vows 'landing on the moon by 2030," Space News, 3/26/2021~ JL 1AC Pollack is not reverse causal – doesn't explain why Soko would sign onto BMD agreements given they said no for decades prior to having a space industry | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Complexity KTournament: Lexington | Round: Octas | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: panel Focusing on the specific scenario they have described feels prudent but is logically indefensible – overly detailed predictions are highly improbable and create false perceptions of security.Yudkowsky, 07 – (Eliezer Yudkowsky, Co-founder and Research Fellow of the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence—a non–profit research institute dedicated to increasing the likelihood of, and decreasing the time to, a maximally beneficial singularity, one of the world's foremost experts on Artificial Intelligence and rationality, "Burdensome Details," Less Wrong—a moderated community blog about human reasoning curated by the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, September 20th, 2007, Available Online at http://lesswrong.com/lw/jk/burdensome_details/) Objective scientific approaches fail in the context of space security– externalizes the agent from the actor and produces flawed policies.Hewitt 07 – (2007, Kenneth, PhD in geomorphology from London University, professor emeritus of geography and environmental studies and Research Associate at the Cold Regions Research Center at Wilfrid Laurier University, research focuses on risk and disaster theory, "Chapter 24: Social Perspectives on Comet/Asteroid Impact (CAI) Hazards: Technocratic Authority and the Geography of Social Vulnerability," published in Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society, ed. Peter T. Bobrowsky and Hans Rickman, springerlink DH) The alternative is to reject the affirmative for their complicity with Newtonian linear regression and predictions. Use the ballot to as a signal of support for complexity theory—such a move is necessary to force academics and policy makers alike to reconsider the basis upon which they make predictions and take action. Only complexity theory allows understanding of events that in turn can produce BETTER responses and predictive models in the long run.Rosenau 97. James N. Rosenau, president of the international studies association, professor of international affairs at GW, "Many Damn Things Simultaneously: Complexity Theory and World Affairs," Complexity, Politics, and National Security pg. 37, jk Interp: The aff must defend their epistemic orientation before the impacts of the plan.1 - justifications can affect our organizing knowledge of the world more than actions themselves - ie both liberals and David Duke want to cut funding to Israel - one because antisemitism and the other cuz colonialism is bad2 – they have infinte prep time and staked out every part of the 1ac as a reason to vote aff – that means they should justify their research process | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Egoism NCTournament: Strake | Round: Semis | Opponent: Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel 1NC – HijackWe're hijacking synthetic a posteriori moral naturalismThe 1AC syllogism is not very clear but we'll define what their words means a bit more clearly for themTheir Author Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Cho This means that their framework is entirely contingent on the empirical investigation of moral claims and the verifiability of those investigations. I agree that empirical investigation is the only way to synthesize moral claims that are supervened by naturalism. However, these investigations are unverifiable.First – Cartesian Skepticism. Brain in a vat means that even if they are right about how morality works, we can't know if the circumstances observed in our brain equate to natural propertiesChapman summarizes descarte 14 ~Andrew Chapman (lecturer in philosophy at the University of Colorado, Boulder). "External World Skepticism". 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology. 6 FEBRUARY 2014. Accessed 12/11/21. https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2014/02/06/external-world-skepticism/ Xu~ Second – Bonini paradox means modeling the brain is physically and empirically impossibleWikipedia ~Brackets Original. "Bonini's paradox". Wikipedia. No Date. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonini27s_paradox Houston Memorial DX~ Third – Scientific hypothesis can never disprove false positives which means conclusions impossibleNickles, Thomas. (Philosopher @ University of Nevada, Reno) "Falsifiability." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. 2005. , https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/35320/mod_resource/content/1/Falsifiability2028Introduction29.pdf /AHS PB Fourth – Paradox of scientific induction means that scientific truth is impossibleBlack's quotes Hume ~Brackets Original. David Hume (Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian and essayist). "The Paradox of Induction". Black's Academy. No Date. Accessed 12/18/21. https://www.blacksacademy.net/pages/px-015-pxqekj-paradox-induction.php Xu~ Thus, the counter-standard is consistency with solipsistic egoistic act hedonism utilitarianism.Prefer1~ 1 risk of solipsism being true under util means that we are ethically obligated to egoism. If you are the only person that exists then the pleasure you experience is the sum total of pleasure of universe which means it definitely outweighsMilan Griffes, 20 ~Milan Griffes, (Milan Griffes posts about ethics, contemplative practice, social phenomena, and interesting tidbits from things I'm reading.)~. "Average utilitarianism implies solipsistic egoism" (Tarsney 2020)." 4-29-2020, Accessed 12-19-2021. https://for um.effectivealtruism.org/posts/22TXQ5Ai6ix6k6XbT/link-average-utilitarianism-implies-solipsistic-egoism Cho 2~ Darwinian dilemma – Evolution means we are all ethical egoistsThayer 2000 Bradley A., Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Study, Missouri State University, International Security, 01622889, Fall2000, Vol. 25, Issue 2 ""Bringing in Darwin: Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics" That negates1~ Egoism means that theft and appropriation for self-interests are morally obligatoryNobis summarizes egoism ND (The author doesn't agree with egoism but explains what egoism would conclude in) ~Nathan Nobis; Teaching Philosophy. 1000-Word Philosophy. Animals and Ethics 101; No Date; "Ethical Egoism"; 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology; https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2020/02/02/ethical-egoism/; 12-18-2021~ Miller 2~ We cognitively prefer the squo over pleasurable experiencesHenderson 16, Rob. 2016. "How Powerful Is Status Quo Bias?" Psychology Today. Retrieved April 19, 2019 (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/after-service/201609/how-powerful-is-status-quo-bias).//SS | 12/19/21 |
4 - JF - IFD NCTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brett Fortier | Judge: Stuckert 1~ Util relies on choosing between predictions, which presupposes the intention to make the world a better place. Proves its inescapable – ignoring it justifies rolling dices to decide actions by flattening the value of predictions.2~ Consequentialist frameworks are contingent on events that are ever-changing, so they can't be the basis of consistent duty. Outweighs – (a) butterfly effect means unforeseen consequences are inevitable (b) utility monster – you wouldn't be culpable for making the world a better place if a satanic creature derived infinite pleasure from human suffering (c) Endpoints – Consequences cause infinite other consequences – the decision to stop calculating at some point is an intention.3~ Solipsism paradox – pleasure can only be binding for the person experiencing it – aggregation requires that we care for others which is an intention. Else states only care about themselves so the aff will get rolled back since otherwise self-interested states would've already passed the aff, so negate on presumption.Negate – they say states don't have intentions which triggers presumption as it makes util incoherent.Presumption negates – A~ If we deny the truth of the aff then you negate – textuality B~ resolved in the resolution denotes certainty which means if they aren't determined and uncertain then you can't affirm | 2/20/22 |
4 - JF - ITV NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying I defend an interest-relational theory of value, which means all normativity can be reduced to contingent interests we hold.~1~ There's no such thing as objective goodness, even indexed to an object. A good car for a farmer isn't good for an Uber driver.~2~ Interest-transcendent reasons are intuitively ridiculous, not real world and phenomenologically suspect – if I asked you why you wouldn't punch your best friend for a dollar, you wouldn't appeal to some deep normative obligation – you have a strong interest in your friend's wellbeing.~3~ Centuries of indeterminable moral debate is good evidence there's not a right answer. Arguing morality is a lot more like arguing for your favorite song than scientific method.~4~ Best for fighting oppression insofar as the root cause of all oppression is a group claiming superiority on an objective basis, which my framework undermines by saying there isn't an objective morality.Additionally prefer1~ We hijack your method—the only way to creolize is when we understand people's individual interests which actually form that fluid subjectivity—anything else is the elimination of difference which turns case2~ Best for subjectivity – rejection of a singular unified view of the human subject demands that we not impose an absolute moral truth upon the Other.I defend the squo and negate –First, the rez is indexed to private entities – by identifies "identifying the agent performing an action" and is specific to appropriation through private entities.Second, "A private entity relies on a small group of chosen investors in order to grow and fund their business. This could be employees, colleagues, friends, family, or even large institutional investors. Interested parties are able to support the private entity in order to help the company grow."That's QT Company 20 ~"What Are Private Entities?". Quest Trust Company (custodian of self-directed IRAs located in Houston, Austin, and Dallas, Texas with clients Nationwide. Quest Trust Company, is the leading provider of self-directed retirement account administration services. Quest Trust Company has been in business since 2003 with over $2 Billion in assets under management. As a neutral party, Quest Trust Company does not offer any investments and therefore has no conflicts of interest with what our clients want to do with their IRAs). September 28, 2020. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.questtrustcompany.com/2020/09/28/what-are-private-entities/ Xu~ Appropriation means "incorporation by joining or uniting" which is consistent with the form of private entities.That's Vocabulary.com ~"appropriation". Vocabulary.com. No Date. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/appropriation Xu~ | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Innovation DATournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer Extinction o/w under Deleuze – 1~ sequencing to affective experiences 2~ it's a negative affectInnovation o/w – 1~ create new affective experiences 2~ embrace creativity | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Korea 6G DATournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo South Korea is looking into 6G programs now but continued private sector investment is key.Fletcher 7/1 ~(Bevin, editor of FierceWireless. She previously served as senior reporter for Wireless Week and CED Magazine, covering the wireless industry on a variety of topics including regulation, technology, and business. She has also worked as a journalist at biotech and finance trade publications. Bevin has a bachelor's degree in journalism from West Virginia University.) "South Korea kickstarts 6G plans," Fierce Wireless, 7/1/21. https://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/south-korea-kickstarts-6g-plans~~ RR A strong South Korean space sector is key to launching 6G networks.Clarke 10/24 ~(Carrington, he ABC's Seoul Correspondent, covering East Asia for the network. He works across digital, television and radio) "Asia is in the midst of a space race, but it's not just about exploration. It's also a military flex," ABC Net News, 10/24/21. https://www.abc.net.au/news/carrington-clarke/8042208~~ RR 1AC Clarke proves our link – inserted in greenSouth Korea may not yet have its own dedicated 'Space Force' like the US, but it has made clear that space is crucial to its defence. However, there are also legitimate civilian and scientific motivations for its ambitions for a space industry. South Korea's capacity to launch its own rockets is a critical step for reaching goals like a national 6G cellular network and a sovereign radio navigation system like the American GPS. Lee Hyung-mok, who is a professor emeritus in physics and astronomy at Korea National University, said he and his fellow scientists were excited about the opportunity to use these rockets. He said they will help transport observation equipment outside the earth's atmosphere, allowing them to better understand our universe. Such a discovery doesn't come cheap and Professor Lee said he recognises that space travel can be expensive. He also said he knows that national defence is often an easier way to get the government to loosen the public purse strings. "Maybe the government decided to spend a huge amount of money because of the military importance," he said. Although competition might be spurring further investment in space, he still worries about where it might lead. "What I really hope is that instead of competing too much, it's better to collaborate," he said. "So in many areas, they try to work together." But he said within Asia, no-one is in that "mood" yet. 6G is key to cyber security – turns noko cyber attacksZiegler et al. 10/14 ~(Volker, (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. (M.Sc.) and Dr.-Ing. (Ph.D.) degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Universität (TH) Karlsruhe, Germany.) "Security and trust in the 6G era," Nokia Bell Labs, 10/14/21. Graphs/Figures Omitted https://d1p0gxnqcu0lvz.cloudfront.net/documents/Nokia_Security_and_trust_in_the_6G_era_White_Paper_EN.pdf~~ RR | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Korea 6G DATournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo South Korea is looking into 6G programs now but continued private sector investment is key.Fletcher 7/1 ~(Bevin, editor of FierceWireless. She previously served as senior reporter for Wireless Week and CED Magazine, covering the wireless industry on a variety of topics including regulation, technology, and business. She has also worked as a journalist at biotech and finance trade publications. Bevin has a bachelor's degree in journalism from West Virginia University.) "South Korea kickstarts 6G plans," Fierce Wireless, 7/1/21. https://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/south-korea-kickstarts-6g-plans~~ RR A strong South Korean space sector is key to launching 6G networks.Clarke 10/24 ~(Carrington, he ABC's Seoul Correspondent, covering East Asia for the network. He works across digital, television and radio) "Asia is in the midst of a space race, but it's not just about exploration. It's also a military flex," ABC Net News, 10/24/21. https://www.abc.net.au/news/carrington-clarke/8042208~~ RR 1AC Clarke proves our link – inserted in greenSouth Korea may not yet have its own dedicated 'Space Force' like the US, but it has made clear that space is crucial to its defence. However, there are also legitimate civilian and scientific motivations for its ambitions for a space industry. South Korea's capacity to launch its own rockets is a critical step for reaching goals like a national 6G cellular network and a sovereign radio navigation system like the American GPS. Lee Hyung-mok, who is a professor emeritus in physics and astronomy at Korea National University, said he and his fellow scientists were excited about the opportunity to use these rockets. He said they will help transport observation equipment outside the earth's atmosphere, allowing them to better understand our universe. Such a discovery doesn't come cheap and Professor Lee said he recognises that space travel can be expensive. He also said he knows that national defence is often an easier way to get the government to loosen the public purse strings. "Maybe the government decided to spend a huge amount of money because of the military importance," he said. Although competition might be spurring further investment in space, he still worries about where it might lead. "What I really hope is that instead of competing too much, it's better to collaborate," he said. "So in many areas, they try to work together." But he said within Asia, no-one is in that "mood" yet. 6G is key to cyber security – turns noko cyber attacksZiegler et al. 10/14 ~(Volker, (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. (M.Sc.) and Dr.-Ing. (Ph.D.) degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Universität (TH) Karlsruhe, Germany.) "Security and trust in the 6G era," Nokia Bell Labs, 10/14/21. Graphs/Figures Omitted https://d1p0gxnqcu0lvz.cloudfront.net/documents/Nokia_Security_and_trust_in_the_6G_era_White_Paper_EN.pdf~~ RR | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Korea 6G DATournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo South Korea is looking into 6G programs now but continued private sector investment is key.Fletcher 7/1 ~(Bevin, editor of FierceWireless. She previously served as senior reporter for Wireless Week and CED Magazine, covering the wireless industry on a variety of topics including regulation, technology, and business. She has also worked as a journalist at biotech and finance trade publications. Bevin has a bachelor's degree in journalism from West Virginia University.) "South Korea kickstarts 6G plans," Fierce Wireless, 7/1/21. https://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/south-korea-kickstarts-6g-plans~~ RR A strong South Korean space sector is key to launching 6G networks.Clarke 10/24 ~(Carrington, he ABC's Seoul Correspondent, covering East Asia for the network. He works across digital, television and radio) "Asia is in the midst of a space race, but it's not just about exploration. It's also a military flex," ABC Net News, 10/24/21. https://www.abc.net.au/news/carrington-clarke/8042208~~ RR 1AC Clarke proves our link – inserted in greenSouth Korea may not yet have its own dedicated 'Space Force' like the US, but it has made clear that space is crucial to its defence. However, there are also legitimate civilian and scientific motivations for its ambitions for a space industry. South Korea's capacity to launch its own rockets is a critical step for reaching goals like a national 6G cellular network and a sovereign radio navigation system like the American GPS. Lee Hyung-mok, who is a professor emeritus in physics and astronomy at Korea National University, said he and his fellow scientists were excited about the opportunity to use these rockets. He said they will help transport observation equipment outside the earth's atmosphere, allowing them to better understand our universe. Such a discovery doesn't come cheap and Professor Lee said he recognises that space travel can be expensive. He also said he knows that national defence is often an easier way to get the government to loosen the public purse strings. "Maybe the government decided to spend a huge amount of money because of the military importance," he said. Although competition might be spurring further investment in space, he still worries about where it might lead. "What I really hope is that instead of competing too much, it's better to collaborate," he said. "So in many areas, they try to work together." But he said within Asia, no-one is in that "mood" yet. 6G is key to cyber security – turns noko cyber attacksZiegler et al. 10/14 ~(Volker, (Senior Member, IEEE) received the Dipl.-Ing. (M.Sc.) and Dr.-Ing. (Ph.D.) degrees from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Universität (TH) Karlsruhe, Germany.) "Security and trust in the 6G era," Nokia Bell Labs, 10/14/21. Graphs/Figures Omitted https://d1p0gxnqcu0lvz.cloudfront.net/documents/Nokia_Security_and_trust_in_the_6G_era_White_Paper_EN.pdf~~ RR | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Lay NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rajat Reddy | Judge: Jim Gray Contention 1Starlink is key to Precision Ag – key to food sustainability and increasing food supply to account for exponential population growth.Greensight 21 3-15-2021 "Can Starlink Save the World by Connecting Farms?" https://www.greensightag.com/logbook/can-starlink-save-the-world-by-connecting-farms/ (Data Management Consulting Firm)Elmer Starlink Mega-Constellations generates next-level advanced Weather Forecasting.Erwin 20 Sandra Erwin 10-14-2020 "SpaceX to explore ways to provide weather data to U.S. military" https://spacenews.com/spacex-to-explore-ways-to-provide-weather-data-to-u-s-military/ (Sandra Erwin writes about military space programs, policy, technology and the industry that supports this sector. She has covered the military, the Pentagon, Congress and the defense industry for nearly two decades as editor of NDIA's National Defense Magazine and Pentagon correspondent for Real Clear Defense.)Elmer Advanced Weather Forecasting solves Climate Change.Taylor-Smith 21 Kerry Taylor-Smith 3-25-2021 "What Role can Advanced Weather Forecasting have in Providing Climate Crisis Solutions?" https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1193 (Pursuing a passion for science, Kerry completed a degree in Natural Sciences at the University of Bath; where she studied a range of topics, including chemistry, biology, and environmental sciences. Her passion for writing grew as she worked on the university newspaper as a contributor, feature editor, and editor.)Elmer Contention 2Commercial Space Race favors American Companies that cements space dominance – shift away endangers our lead – losing green-lights Chinese Dominance across the board.Autry and Kwast 19 Greg Autry and Steve Kwast 8-22-2019 "America Is Losing the Second Space Race to China" (Greg Autry, a clinical professor of space leadership, policy, and business at Arizona State University's Thunderbird School of Global Management, and Steve Kwast)Elmer Hegemony solves Extinction.Ikenberry 20 John Ikenberry 6-9-2020 "The Next Liberal Order: The Age of Contagion Demands More Internationalism, Not Less" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-06-09/next-liberal-order (Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University, in South Korea)Elmer Specifically, solves Nuclear War – shift causes Transition Wars.Khalizad 16 Zalmay Khalizad 3-23-2016 "4 Lessons about America's Role in the World" http://nationalinterest.org/feature/4-lessons-about-americas-role-the-world-15574?page=show (former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, counselor at the CSIS)Elmer CASESatelliteHacking towards Satellites is coming now – incentives and vulnerabilities align.Culpan 21 Tim Culpan 11-2-2021 "The Next Big Hack Could Come From the Stars" https://archive.is/XElln~~#selection-3035.0-3040.0 (Bloomberg Opinion Columnist)Elmer Megaconstellations solves satellite hacking – multiple warrants. Commercial Satellites are key due to production capacity.Hallex and Cottom 20 Hallex, Matthew, and Travis Cottom. "Proliferated commercial satellite constellations: Implications for national security." Joint Forces Quarterly 97.July (2020): 20-29. (Matthew A. Hallex is a Research Staff Member at the Institute for Defense Analyses. Travis S. Cottom is a Research Associate at the Institute for Defense Analyses.)Re-cut by Elmer Hacking on Satellites goes Nuclear.Miller and Fontaine 17 James Miller and Richard Fontaine 11-26-2017 "Cyber and Space Weapons Are Making Nuclear Deterrence Trickier" https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2017/11/cyber-and-space-weapons-are-making-nuclear-deterrence-trickier/142767/ (James N. Miller, Jr. is a member of the Board of Advisors of the Center for a New American Security. He served as U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy from 2012 to 2014.)Elmer OzoneOzone Layer is increasing – flips U/Q.Horton 21 Helena Horton 9-15-2021 "'Larger than usual': this year's ozone layer hole bigger than Antarctica" https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/16/larger-than-usual-ozone-layer-hole-bigger-than-antarctica (Environmental Journalist for the Guardian)Elmer Dichloromethane – it thumpsPerkins 17 Sid Perkins 6-27-2017 "New threat to ozone layer found" https://www.science.org/content/article/new-threat-ozone-layer-found (Sid is a freelance science journalist based in Crossville, Tennessee. He specializes in earth sciences and paleontology but often tackles topics such as astronomy, planetary sciences, materials sciences, and engineering. Sid has a bachelor's degree in natural science from Christian Brothers College in Memphis, Tennessee; bachelor's and master's degrees in aeronautical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology in Ohio; and a master's degree in journalism from the University of Missouri in Columbia)Elmer No Ozone Impact.Ridley 14 (Matthew White Ridley, BA and PhD in Zoology from Oxford. "THE OZONE HOLE WAS EXAGGERATED AS A PROBLEM," Rational Optimist, 9/25/14, http://www.rationaloptimist.com/blog/the-ozone-hole-was-exaggerated-as-a-problem.aspx) dwc 19 DebrisCollision risk is infinitesimally small – best computer analysis. (for clarification, LEO stands for Low earth robit)Fange 17 Daniel Von Fange 17, Web Application Engineer, Founder and Owner of LeanCoder, Full Stack, Polyglot Web Developer, "Kessler Syndrome is Over Hyped", 5/21/2017, http://braino.org/essays/kessler_syndrome_is_over_hyped/ Low risk of collisions – it's overhypedAlbrecht 16 ~Mark Albrecht, chairman of the board of USSpace LLC, head of the White House National Space Council from 1989 to 1992, and Paul Graziani, CEO and founder of Analytical Graphics, a company that develops software and provides mission assurance through the Commercial Space Operations Center (ComSpOC), Congested space is a serious problem solved by hard work, not hysteria, 2016, https://spacenews.com/op-ed-congested-space-is-a-serious-problem-solved-by-hard-work-not-hysteria/~~ Uncertainty from debris collisions creates restraint not instability.MacDonald 16, B., et al. "Crisis stability in space: China and other challenges." Foreign Policy Institute. Washington, DC (2016). (senior director of the Nonproliferation and Arms Control Project with the Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention)Elmer No Escalation over Satellites:1~ Planning PrioritiesBowen 18 Bleddyn Bowen 2-20-2018 "The Art of Space Deterrence" https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/commentary/the-art-of-space-deterrence/ (Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Leicester)Elmer 2~ Military PrecedentZarybnisky 18, Eric J. Celestial Deterrence: Deterring Aggression in the Global Commons of Space. Naval War College Newport United States, 2018. (Senior Materiel Leader at United States Air Force)Elmer MiningCommercial mining of asteroids solves a plethora of existential threats from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease.Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solveCrombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, "Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity", LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe | 1/16/22 |
4 - JF - Massumi KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo North Korea is the fetishistic object of modern neo-conservatism, the next move in a great geopolitical sprint towards absolute and systematic dominion over the affective futures of the world as we know it. Their telos of systematic preemption globalizes a strategy of war by other means that artificially exchanges the possibility of individual conflicts for a globalized state of endless interventionismMassumi 15 ~Brian, Professor of Communications at the University of Montreal, Ontopower: War, Powers, and the State of Perception, Duke University Press, 2015, p. 14-19~ The 1AC's use of stable hegemony in regulating outer space whitewashes the fundamental asymmetries of IR – that greenlights Great Power domination and makes redemptive politics inevitable.Havercroft and Duvall 09 ~Jonathan Havercroft (Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Southampton) and Raymond Duvall (Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change/MacArthur Interdisciplinary Program on Global Change, Sustainability, and Justice at the University of Minnesota). "Critical astropolitics The geopolitics of space control and the transformation of state sovereignty". Securing Outer Space. 2009. Accessed 1/26/2022. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203882023-8/critical-astropolitics-geopolitics-space-control-transformation-state-sovereignty-jonathan-havercroft-raymond-duvall Xu~ This is part and parcel with a global system of fractal policing – the will to peace produces endless violence through shadow forms of engagement that are located beyond the cognitive maps of their conception of space policy as a solely material processÖberg 14 (Dan Öberg, senior lecturer of war studies at the Swedish National Defence College, PhD from Yokohama National University, May 2014, "Introduction: Baudrillard and War," International Journal of Baudrillard Studies Volume 11 Number 2, footnote 5 included in curly braces) Vote to reject their singular disruption in presence as presence. Understanding war as instrument of policy/ the appeal to particularity disavows the structural nature of warfare. Only the development of an ontology of war that problematizes the project of military modernization can solve. True violence is the grid of subject construction- we must begin there.Barkawi and Brighton '11 (Tarak, Department of IR at University of Cambridge, Shane, Department of IR at University of Sussex, "Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge, and Critique", International Political Sociology (2011) 5, gender modified, ~SG~) Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that object – They can weigh their impacts but we should be able to negate the aff in its totality by testing their justifications because those are the reasons they staked out to vote aff –1~ otherwise vote neg on presumption because there's no ethical framework to determine if the plan in a vacuum is a good idea which proves our interp is reciprocal and solves infinite regression2~ Their model doesn't solve - it kills nuance by filtering the debate through a 10 second statement AND includes process counterplans and piks which still link to their offense | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Massumi KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo North Korea is the fetishistic object of modern neo-conservatism, the next move in a great geopolitical sprint towards absolute and systematic dominion over the affective futures of the world as we know it. Their telos of systematic preemption globalizes a strategy of war by other means that artificially exchanges the possibility of individual conflicts for a globalized state of endless interventionismMassumi 15 ~Brian, Professor of Communications at the University of Montreal, Ontopower: War, Powers, and the State of Perception, Duke University Press, 2015, p. 14-19~ The 1AC's use of stable hegemony in regulating outer space whitewashes the fundamental asymmetries of IR – that greenlights Great Power domination and makes redemptive politics inevitable.Havercroft and Duvall 09 ~Jonathan Havercroft (Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Southampton) and Raymond Duvall (Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change/MacArthur Interdisciplinary Program on Global Change, Sustainability, and Justice at the University of Minnesota). "Critical astropolitics The geopolitics of space control and the transformation of state sovereignty". Securing Outer Space. 2009. Accessed 1/26/2022. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203882023-8/critical-astropolitics-geopolitics-space-control-transformation-state-sovereignty-jonathan-havercroft-raymond-duvall Xu~ This is part and parcel with a global system of fractal policing – the will to peace produces endless violence through shadow forms of engagement that are located beyond the cognitive maps of their conception of space policy as a solely material processÖberg 14 (Dan Öberg, senior lecturer of war studies at the Swedish National Defence College, PhD from Yokohama National University, May 2014, "Introduction: Baudrillard and War," International Journal of Baudrillard Studies Volume 11 Number 2, footnote 5 included in curly braces) Vote to reject their singular disruption in presence as presence. Understanding war as instrument of policy/ the appeal to particularity disavows the structural nature of warfare. Only the development of an ontology of war that problematizes the project of military modernization can solve. True violence is the grid of subject construction- we must begin there.Barkawi and Brighton '11 (Tarak, Department of IR at University of Cambridge, Shane, Department of IR at University of Sussex, "Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge, and Critique", International Political Sociology (2011) 5, gender modified, ~SG~) Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that object – They can weigh their impacts but we should be able to negate the aff in its totality by testing their justifications because those are the reasons they staked out to vote aff –1~ otherwise vote neg on presumption because there's no ethical framework to determine if the plan in a vacuum is a good idea which proves our interp is reciprocal and solves infinite regression2~ Their model doesn't solve - it kills nuance by filtering the debate through a 10 second statement AND includes process counterplans and piks which still link to their offense | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Massumi KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo North Korea is the fetishistic object of modern neo-conservatism, the next move in a great geopolitical sprint towards absolute and systematic dominion over the affective futures of the world as we know it. Their telos of systematic preemption globalizes a strategy of war by other means that artificially exchanges the possibility of individual conflicts for a globalized state of endless interventionismMassumi 15 ~Brian, Professor of Communications at the University of Montreal, Ontopower: War, Powers, and the State of Perception, Duke University Press, 2015, p. 14-19~ The 1AC's use of stable hegemony in regulating outer space whitewashes the fundamental asymmetries of IR – that greenlights Great Power domination and makes redemptive politics inevitable.Havercroft and Duvall 09 ~Jonathan Havercroft (Associate Professor in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Southampton) and Raymond Duvall (Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Global Change/MacArthur Interdisciplinary Program on Global Change, Sustainability, and Justice at the University of Minnesota). "Critical astropolitics The geopolitics of space control and the transformation of state sovereignty". Securing Outer Space. 2009. Accessed 1/26/2022. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203882023-8/critical-astropolitics-geopolitics-space-control-transformation-state-sovereignty-jonathan-havercroft-raymond-duvall Xu~ This is part and parcel with a global system of fractal policing – the will to peace produces endless violence through shadow forms of engagement that are located beyond the cognitive maps of their conception of space policy as a solely material processÖberg 14 (Dan Öberg, senior lecturer of war studies at the Swedish National Defence College, PhD from Yokohama National University, May 2014, "Introduction: Baudrillard and War," International Journal of Baudrillard Studies Volume 11 Number 2, footnote 5 included in curly braces) Vote to reject their singular disruption in presence as presence. Understanding war as instrument of policy/ the appeal to particularity disavows the structural nature of warfare. Only the development of an ontology of war that problematizes the project of military modernization can solve. True violence is the grid of subject construction- we must begin there.Barkawi and Brighton '11 (Tarak, Department of IR at University of Cambridge, Shane, Department of IR at University of Sussex, "Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge, and Critique", International Political Sociology (2011) 5, gender modified, ~SG~) Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that object – They can weigh their impacts but we should be able to negate the aff in its totality by testing their justifications because those are the reasons they staked out to vote aff –1~ otherwise vote neg on presumption because there's no ethical framework to determine if the plan in a vacuum is a good idea which proves our interp is reciprocal and solves infinite regression2~ Their model doesn't solve - it kills nuance by filtering the debate through a 10 second statement AND includes process counterplans and piks which still link to their offense | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Moral Patients NCTournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 5 | Opponent: Heritage SS | Judge: James Stuckert, Angela Zhong Reading hidden game-over spikes vs me is a voting issue DTD for deterrenceTHOMPSON:Marshall Thompson – Former Debater and Current Coach. http://vbriefly.com/2015/04/21/marshall-thoughts/ Hold the line – disabled participation is a voter that outweighs – accessibility controls the internal link to participation in debate that makes in-round impacts relevant. Also turns the aff because proves the aff isn't universalizable to disabled people1NC – OFFWe're hijacking their syllogism – Humans are not agents they are patientsThis isn't schmagency – we aren't choosing not to be agents but rather that we were never agents in the first place.A rock didn't choose not to be an agent, it just constitutively isn't. We never chose to be alive or exist which takes out performativityPrefer1~ Neuroscience – humans constitutively are selfish and imbued with contradictions in moral decision making.FeldmanHall 12 FeldmanHall, Oriel et al. "Differential neural circuitry and self-interest in real vs hypothetical moral decisions." Social cognitive and affective neuroscience vol. 7,7 (2012): 743-51. doi:10.1093/scan/nss069 CHOThis study examined the moral dynamic of self-gain vs other-welfare during real and hypothetical conditions. Our behavioral results show that moral decisions with real consequences diverge from hypothetical moral choices, verifying the 'hypothetical bias' effect (Kang et al., 2011). Compared with imagining their moral actions, people who make moral decisions under real conditions keep more money and inflict more pain on another subject. Although the research exploring real moral action is limited (Moll et al., 2006; Baumgartner et al., 2009; Greene and Paxton, 2009), our results stand in stark contrast to findings demonstrating that people act more morally than they think they will (Teper et al., 2011). Our results also contradict the accumulated research illustrating a basic aversion to harming others (Greene et al., 2001; Cushman et al., 2012). We contend that this is likely due to the fact that many of the moral scenarios used within the moral literature do not pit the fundamental motivation of not harming others (physically or psychological) against that of maximizing self-gain (Haidt, 2007). Accordingly, our findings reveal that engaging the complex motivations of self-benefit—a force endemic to many moral decisions—can critically influence moral action. Our fMRI results identify a common neural network for real and hypothetical moral cognition, as well as distinct circuitry specific to real and imagined moral choices. Moral decisions—regardless of condition—activated the insula, MCC and dorsal TPJ, areas essential in higher order social processes, such as empathy (Singer et al., 2004). This neural circuitry is well instantiated in the social neuroscience literature and fits with the findings that moral choices are influenced by neural systems whose primary role is to facilitate cooperation (Rilling and Sanfey, 2011). The TPJ has been specifically implicated in decoding social cues, such as agency, intentionality and the mental states of others (Young and Saxe, 2008). For example, TPJ activation correlates with the extent to which another's intentions are taken into account (Young and Saxe, 2009) and transiently disrupting TPJ activity leads to interference with using mental state information to make moral judgments (Young et al., 2010). Although there is a large amount of research indicating that the TPJ codes for our ability to mentalize, there is also evidence that the TPJ activates during attentional switching (Mitchell, 2008). In addition, one study revealed that patients with lesions to the TPJ do not show domain-specific deficits for false belief tasks (Apperly et al., 2007). Although these differential findings suggest that the specific functionality of the TPJ remains unclear, we propose that TPJ engagement during real and imagined moral decisions suggests a similar mentalizing process is at play in both real and hypothetical moral decision-making: when deciding how much harm to apply to another, subjects may conscript a mental state representation of the Receiver, allowing them to weigh up the potential consequences of their decision. This neural finding reinforces the role of the TPJ—and thus the likely role of mental state reasoning and inference—in moral reasoning. However, we also found distinct neural signatures for both real and imagined moral decisions. In line with the literature, hypothetical moral decisions were specifically subserved by activations in the PCC and mPFC—regions also implicated in prospection, by which abridged simulations of reality are generated (Gilbert and Wilson, 2007). Although the overall pattern of brain activation during these hypothetical moral decisions replicates the moral network identified in previous research (Greene et al., 2001), the fact that the PCC and mPFC are activated both during prospection and during hypothetical moral decision-making implies that this region is recruited for a wide spectrum of imagination-based cognition (Hassabis and Maguire, 2009). Thus, either hypothetical moral decisions and imagination share a similar network or hypothetical moral decisions significantly rely on the imperfect systems of prospection and imagination. Further research exploring whether the PCC and mPFC are specific to hypothetical moral decisions, or recruited more generally for imagining future events, would help clarify their roles within the moral network. In contrast, real moral decisions differentially recruited the amygdala. These results are consistent with the vast literature implicating the amygdala in processing social evaluations (Phelps, 2006), emotionally relevant information (Sander et al., 2003) and salient stimuli (Ewbank et al., 2009). Research on moral cognition further implicates amygdala activation in response to aversive moral phenomena (Berthoz et al., 2006; Kedia et al., 2008; Glenn et al., 2009); however, this finding is not systematically observed in moral paradigms (Raine and Yang, 2006). In line with the literature, it is possible that in the Real PvG task the amygdala is coding the aversive nature of the moral decision; however, distress ratings indicated that both conditions were perceived as equally aversive. Accordingly, an alternative interpretation is that the amygdala is monitoring the salience, relevance and motivational significance (Mitchell et al., 2002) of the real moral choice space. Decisions, which produce real aversive consequences (i.e. lose money or harm another), are far more salient and meaningful than decisions that do not incur behaviorally relevant outcomes. The amygdala is also commonly recruited for decisions which rely on social signals to emotionally learn positive and negative associations (Hooker et al., 2006). It is possible that the amygdala activation found for real moral decisions is signaling reinforcement expectancy information of both the positively (self-benefit) and negatively (harm to another) valenced stimuli (Blair, 2007), which then subsequently guides behavior (Prevost et al., 2011). This theory not only accounts for the differential behavioral findings between the real and hypothetical conditions but also it is consistent with the more general theoretical consensus regarding human moral cognition (Moll et al., 2005), which emphasizes how lower order regions like the amygdala modulate higher order rational processes (Dalgleish, 2004). Our fMRI results further indicate that there are dissociable neural mechanisms underlying selfish and pro-social decisions. In the Real PvG, decisions that maximized financial benefit (selfish decisions) correlated with activity in the OFC, dlPFC and dACC—regions that support the integration of reward and value representations (Schoenbaum and Roesch, 2005), specifically monetary gain (Holroyd et al., 2004) and loss (Bush et al., 2002). Furthermore, the dACC was found to negatively correlate with empathic concern scores and positively correlate with self-reported similarity ratings in the Real PvG task. Together, this suggests that the dACC may be monitoring conflicting motive states (Etkin et al., 2011). However, the dACC has been further implicated in a variety of other functions, including emotion regulation (Etkin et al., 2011), and weighing up different competing choices (Mansouri et al., 2009). Thus, it is equally plausible that the dACC is processing the conflicting negative emotions involved with choosing to harm another for self-gain (Amodio and Frith, 2006). In the PvG task, the morally guided choice is to give up the money to prevent harm to another. Unlike selfish decisions, such pro-social decisions showed significantly greater activation in the rACC/mPFC and right temporal pole, demonstrating that the nature of real moral decisions can be predicted by dissociable networks within the PFC. The rACC/mPFC is a structure engaged in generating empathic feelings for in-group members (Mathur et al., 2010) and for coding feelings of altruistic guilt and distress during theory of mind tasks (Fletcher et al., 1995). Clinical data have also shown that lesions to this area stunt moral emotions, such as compassion, shame and guilt, and contribute to overall deficits in emotional processing (Mendez and Shapira, 2009). In fact, research has demonstrated the rACC/mPFC as a region that responds specifically to the aversion of not harming others (Young and Dungan, 2011). Based on this, we propose that the rACC/mPFC activation found for pro-social decisions could be attributed to the empathic response generated by the emotional aversion (distress) of harming another—a key motivational influence and proximate mechanism of altruistic behavior. Theorists have pointed to the importance of studying moral cognition in ecological valid and consequence-driven environments (Casebeer, 2003; Moll et al., 2005). Our results illustrate that specific regions of the moral network subserve moral choices—regardless of whether they are real or imagined. However, we also found a divergence between real moral behavior and hypothetical moral intentions—which was reflected in the recruitment of differential neurobiological systems. Thus, if morality is a domain where situational influences and the impact of imminent, real consequences can sway our decisions, then it is crucial that cognitive neuroscience investigate moral decision-making under real conditions. This seems especially relevant in light of this new neurobiological evidence, supporting what the philosopher Hume presciently noted—'the most lively thought is still inferior to the dullest sensation' (Hume, 1977). 2~ Contradictions are constitutive – Kant was a racist which proves a double-bind: Either he was an agent which means he didn't have practical reason because he didn't follow his own framework or he wasn't an agent which proves it isn't constitutive.3~ Fleshy Objects – there is zero way to verify who else is a practical reasoner or just a fleshy object. Means we have no reason to respect unconditional worth of others because a~ they aren't agents and b~ even if they are we have know way of knowing – else negate because infinite culpability since a hamburger could be a practical reasonerThat negates1~ Egoism – we have no reason to respect other means that theft and appropriation for self-interests are morally obligatoryNobis summarizes egoism ND (The author doesn't agree with egoism but explains what egoism would conclude in) ~Nathan Nobis; Teaching Philosophy. 1000-Word Philosophy. Animals and Ethics 101; No Date; "Ethical Egoism"; 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology; https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2020/02/02/ethical-egoism/; 12-18-2021~ Miller 2~ Terminal defense to your fw since it proves that its self-defeating and that contradictions are inevitable and proves that actions can't be a priori unjust. | 2/20/22 |
4 - JF - Must Define Private EntitiesTournament: Strake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kyren Khairah | Judge: Isaac Chao Interp: The affirmative must define "private entities" in a delimited text in the 1AC."Private Entities" are flexible and has too many interps – normal means shows no consensus and makes the round irresolvable since the judge doesn't know how to compare between types of offense and o/w since it's a side constraint on decision making.UpCounsel ND ~"Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know". UpCounsel (interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help). No Date. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity Xu~ Violation – you don't.Prefer –1~ Stable Advocacy – they can redefine in the 1AR to wriggle out of DA's which kills high-quality engagement and becomes two ships passing in the night – triggers presumption since the aff wasn't subject to well researched scrutiny. We lose access to Tech Race DA's, Asteroid DA's, basic case turns, and core process counter plans that have different definitions and 1NC pre-round prep.2~ Ground – not defining hurts my strategy since they can shift out as I ask DA questions, so I err on the side of caution and read generics which get destroyed by AC frontlines.3~ Real World – Policy makers will always define the entity that they are recognizing. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, private entities can circumvent since there is no delineated way to enforce the aff and means their solvency can't actualize.OSspec isn't regressive or arbitrary – its core topic lit for what happens when the aff is implemented and cannot be discounted from policies that require enforcement to function.Fairness is a voter debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluationTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations a~ it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for b~ reasonability is arbitrary and incentivizes judge interventionNo RVIs—a~ it's your burden to be topical. Anything else chills real abuse b~ forces theory debaters to bait theory and win on it every time | 12/18/21 |
4 - JF - Nibs NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: LHP WH | Judge: Curtis Chang The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement –A~ anything else moots 7 minutes of the NC – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that their theory of power is better than another before you adopt it.B~ The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true so it's constitutive and jurisdictional. I denied the truth of the resolution by disagreeing with the aff which means I've met my burden.C~ it's the most logical since you don't say vote for the player who shoots the most 3 points, the better player wins since debate is a game with rules given by how there's a winner and loser. Answers collapse to truth testing since they require truth value i.e. truth testing is false requires proving that it is true that truth testing is false. Inclusion is a fallacy of origin because just because something is a prerequisite doesn't make it more importantD~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn't change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.E~ ROBs that aren't phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem.F~ Other ROBs open the door for personal lives of debaters to factor into decisions and compare who is more oppressed which causes violence in a space where some people go to escape1~ the is "denoting a disease or affliction" but appropriation isn't a disease2~ appropriation is "a sum of money or total of assets devoted to a special purpose" but the rez doesn't spec a purpose.3~ of is to "expressing an age" but the rez doesn't delineate a length of time4~ outer is "being away from a center" but the rez doesn't have a center5~ space is "an area rented or sold as business premises" but there aren't premises6~ by is "so as to go past" but there's nothing to do so7~ private is "a soldier of the lowest rank, in particular an enlisted person in the US Army or Marine Corps ranking below private first class" but the rez doesn't talk about the military8~ entities are "an organization (such as a business or governmental unit) that has an identity separate from those of its members" but the rez doesn't spec the membersExternal worlds | 1/15/22 |
4 - JF - Panda CPTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo CP: South Korea should outline the reforms implemented in 1AC Panda – Memorial will read greenSouth Korea's expanding space launch ambitions, sealed by the July 2020 revisions to the bilateral missile guidelines, need not heighten Northeast Asian insecurity. Seoul's interest in more economical space launch activities and an expanded space-based layer of military surveillance is understandable. South Korean measures to increase transparency, however, could reduce the chance of misperceptions about Seoul's intentions. Similarly, South Korea could help build confidence around its ongoing missile programs. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Panda CPTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo CP: South Korea should outline the reforms implemented in 1AC Panda – Memorial will read greenSouth Korea's expanding space launch ambitions, sealed by the July 2020 revisions to the bilateral missile guidelines, need not heighten Northeast Asian insecurity. Seoul's interest in more economical space launch activities and an expanded space-based layer of military surveillance is understandable. South Korean measures to increase transparency, however, could reduce the chance of misperceptions about Seoul's intentions. Similarly, South Korea could help build confidence around its ongoing missile programs. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Panda CPTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo CP: South Korea should outline the reforms implemented in 1AC Panda – Memorial will read greenSouth Korea's expanding space launch ambitions, sealed by the July 2020 revisions to the bilateral missile guidelines, need not heighten Northeast Asian insecurity. Seoul's interest in more economical space launch activities and an expanded space-based layer of military surveillance is understandable. South Korean measures to increase transparency, however, could reduce the chance of misperceptions about Seoul's intentions. Similarly, South Korea could help build confidence around its ongoing missile programs. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - Quantum IR KTournament: Colleyville | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Space Elevators picTournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Ramsay DF | Judge: Ava Zinman Text – Private Appropriation of Outer Space except for Space Elevators is Unjust.Space Elevators constitute Appropriation – they impede orbits.Matignon 19 Louis de Gouyon Matignon 3-3-2019 "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE SPACE ELEVATOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM" https://www.spacelegalissues.com/space-law-legal-aspects-of-the-space-elevator-transportation-system/ ~PhD in space law (co-supervised by both Philippe Delebecque, from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France, and Christopher D. Johnson, from Georgetown University || regularly write articles on the website Space Legal Issues so as to popularise space law and public international law~Elmer Private Companies are pursuing Space Elevators.Alfano 15 Andrea Alfano 8-18-2015 "All Of These Companies Are Working On A Space Elevator" https://www.techtimes.com/articles/77612/20150818/companies-working-space-elevator.htm (Writer at the Tech Times)Elmer They're feasible.Smith 17 Vincent Smith 6-21-2017 "3 Challenges for Engineering A Space Elevator" https://www.engineering.com/story/3-challenges-for-engineering-a-space-elevator (Engineer)Elmer Regardless of completion, Elevators spur investment in NanotechnologyLiam O'Brien 16. University of Wollongong. 07/2016. "Nanotechnology in Space." Young Scientists Journal; Canterbury, no. 19, p. 22. Nanomaterials solve Warming and Water Scarcity.Khullar 17 Bhavya Khullar 9-4-2017 "Nanomaterials Could Combat Climate Change and Reduce Pollution" https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nanomaterials-could-combat-climate-change-and-reduce-pollution/ (Former Programme Officer with the Food Safety and Toxins Unit, Centre for Science and Environment (CSE))Elmer Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer Space Elevators solve Space Debris – reduces Rocket LaunchesForgan 19, Duncan H. Solving Fermi's Paradox. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press, 2019. (Associate Lecturer at the Centre for Exoplanet Science at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, founding member of the UK Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) research network and leads UK research efforts into the search)Elmer 1NC – OFFYes Act-Omission Distinction1~ Infinite obligations – no act-omission means you're culpable for every possible omission implying they're immoral for debating instead of curing cancer which is untenable. Answering this means you negate – (a) The 1AC is suboptimal compared to some alternative (b) State action would be frozen b/c they wouldn't be able to decide b/t alternatives so the plan wouldn't pass and you vote on presumption.2~ Trolley Problem – Omissions allow us to escape culpability in otherwise unavoidable situations like when someone pulls the lever to kill 1 instead of 2 – otherwise we're always categorically wrong which makes morality inaccessible, only the distinction solves. O/ws on Bindingness, if an agent is permanently violating their ethical standard, they can't take moral action.Negate1~ not banning appropriation of outerspace is a legitimate moral action to avoid infinite culpability. | 2/20/22 |
4 - JF - T AppropriationTournament: Lexington | Round: Octas | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: panel Interp: Starlink aren't appropriation – 2 warrants.Johnson summarizes 20 Johnson, C. D. (2020). The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit. Promoting Cooperative Solutions for Space Sustainability | Secure World. https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatuso (Chris Johnson is the Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation and has nine years of professional experience in international space law and policy.) Recut Xu OST is the standard for space law.Stockwell 20 ~Samuel Stockwell (Research Project Manager, the Annenberg Institute at Brown University). "Legal 'Black Holes' in Outer Space: The Regulation of Private Space Companies". E-International Relations. Jul 20 2020. Accessed 12/7/21. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/07/20/legal-black-holes-in-outer-space-the-regulation-of-private-space-companies/ Xu~ Semantics o/w –a~ Precision – they can arbitrarily jettison words which decks ground and preparation because there is no stasis pointb~ Jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the authority to vote aff if it wasn't legitimateViolation – they defend StarlinkVote for predictable limits – their aff explodes the object of the resolution to include any activity in space from Tourism to research – that allows them to cherry-pick the best aff with no neg ground – also kills predictable advocacies which decks prepared engagement.TVA: defend private megaconstellations that isn't spaceX Vote on fairness – abuse skews your evaluation of substance – precedes education since if there's abuse, you can't expect me to clash. Drop the debater on T – I can't respond to a new aff in the 2NR since I don't have a 3NR to defend my offense. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive. affs should be topical as of the 1AC so it's a fair standard. No RVIs on T: (A) The 1AR would just sit on T with frontlines so I'll always lose to the unchecked 2AR collapse. (B) The aff has the burden of being topical so I have an unconditional right to read T. Use competing interps—either there's a bright line which collapses, or there isn't which causes intervention. | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - T FWKTournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Philimon | Judge: Sam Anderson, Arnav Burudgunte Outer space is outside earthDunnett 21 (Oliver Tristan, lecturer in geography at Queen's University Belfast). Earth, Cosmos and Culture: Geographies of Outer Space in Britain, 1900–2020 (1st ed.). Routledge. 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780815356301 EE "Appropriation" means exclusive ownershipLeon 18 (Amanda M., Associate, Caplin and Drysdale, JD UVA Law) "Mining for Meaning: An Examination of the Legality of Property Rights in Space Resources." Virginia Law Review, vol. 104, no. 3, May 2018, p. 497-547. HeinOnline. Private entity means non-stateWarners 20 (Bill, JD Candidate, May 2021, at UIC John Marshall Law School) "Patents 254 Miles up: Jurisdictional Issues Onboard the International Space Station." UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law, vol. 19, no. 4, 2020, p. 365-380. HeinOnline. Violation - the aff does not defend the resolution OR they are extra-topicalVoter for limits and ground - justifies infinite unpredictable aff advantage ground which overstretches research burdens while spiking core genericsFairness - manipulating the balance of prep structurally favor's the aff - people come to debate for different reasons but pursuit of the ballot is the only unifying characteristicClash - unpredictability destroys research accessibility and nuanced refinement - empathy and value clarification are key to fight dogma and create better advocates - turns case because precluding testing means the aff should be considered presumptively falseAny dissad's to the TVA are neg ground - it's :The appropriation of Outer Space by private entities is unjustThat's Cho 21No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote negative for deterrence - at worst agree with the aff and vote neg because we shouldn't be burdened to debate it | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - T FrameworkTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo Is means is Definition of is (Entry 1 of 4) present tense third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense first-person and third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense plural of BEWebster ND Definition of IS," Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/is IS Dialectical present tense means logical coherence which implies no implementation.====This is the best piece of evidence I have ever found – it is a non-debate dictionary that cites LD as its example sentence.==== "BE" is a linking verb, not an action verb so implementation is incoherentGrammar Monster ND "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking_verbs.htm CHO Violation: They cannot defend hypothetical implementation and use the state – or they are Extra-TVoter for limits and ground - imprecisely includes thousands of affs that expand appropriation and deprives us of private space good makes it impossible to be negGrammar - very idea of a topic rests on the assumption that words have stable meanings and relationships - precision internal link turns every piece of aff offensePhil Ed – creates better ethical subjectivity and critical thinking that o/ws on uniqueness to LD. Switch to policy and read an aff about korea relations– solves all your offenseTVA: Read a phil aff that affirms that private appropriation is unjust such as Korean philosophy.No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote on fairness – abuse skews your evaluation of substance – precedes education since if there's abuse, you can't expect me to clash. Drop the debater on T – I can't respond to a new aff in the 2NR since I don't have a 3NR to defend my offense. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive. Use competing interps—either there's a bright line which collapses, or there isn't which causes intervention. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - T FrameworkTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo Is means is Definition of is (Entry 1 of 4) present tense third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense first-person and third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense plural of BEWebster ND Definition of IS," Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/is IS Dialectical present tense means logical coherence which implies no implementation.====This is the best piece of evidence I have ever found – it is a non-debate dictionary that cites LD as its example sentence.==== "BE" is a linking verb, not an action verb so implementation is incoherentGrammar Monster ND "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking_verbs.htm CHO Violation: They cannot defend hypothetical implementation and use the state – or they are Extra-TVoter for limits and ground - imprecisely includes thousands of affs that expand appropriation and deprives us of private space good makes it impossible to be negGrammar - very idea of a topic rests on the assumption that words have stable meanings and relationships - precision internal link turns every piece of aff offensePhil Ed – creates better ethical subjectivity and critical thinking that o/ws on uniqueness to LD. Switch to policy and read an aff about korea relations– solves all your offenseTVA: Read a phil aff that affirms that private appropriation is unjust such as Korean philosophy.No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote on fairness – abuse skews your evaluation of substance – precedes education since if there's abuse, you can't expect me to clash. Drop the debater on T – I can't respond to a new aff in the 2NR since I don't have a 3NR to defend my offense. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive. Use competing interps—either there's a bright line which collapses, or there isn't which causes intervention. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - T FrameworkTournament: Colleyville | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East HN | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo Is means is Definition of is (Entry 1 of 4) present tense third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense first-person and third-person singular of BE dialectal present tense plural of BEWebster ND Definition of IS," Merriam Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/is IS Dialectical present tense means logical coherence which implies no implementation.====This is the best piece of evidence I have ever found – it is a non-debate dictionary that cites LD as its example sentence.==== "BE" is a linking verb, not an action verb so implementation is incoherentGrammar Monster ND "Linking Verbs," Grammar Monster, https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/linking_verbs.htm CHO Violation: They cannot defend hypothetical implementation and use the state – or they are Extra-TVoter for limits and ground - imprecisely includes thousands of affs that expand appropriation and deprives us of private space good makes it impossible to be negGrammar - very idea of a topic rests on the assumption that words have stable meanings and relationships - precision internal link turns every piece of aff offensePhil Ed – creates better ethical subjectivity and critical thinking that o/ws on uniqueness to LD. Switch to policy and read an aff about korea relations– solves all your offenseTVA: Read a phil aff that affirms that private appropriation is unjust such as Korean philosophy.No Impact Turn's - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solveVote on fairness – abuse skews your evaluation of substance – precedes education since if there's abuse, you can't expect me to clash. Drop the debater on T – I can't respond to a new aff in the 2NR since I don't have a 3NR to defend my offense. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive. Use competing interps—either there's a bright line which collapses, or there isn't which causes intervention. | 2/17/22 |
4 - JF - T GerundTournament: Lexington | Round: Octas | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: panel 1NC – OFFInterp – the aff may not defend only one private entityAtemporal gerunds that refer to a kind of activity are interpreted generically.Fonteyn 19, ~Lauren Fonteyn – PhD in Linguistics~ Oxford University Press 2019 DOA: 2/18/19 "Categoriality in Language Change: The Case of the English Gerund" https://books.google.com/books?id=MPqNDwAAQBAJandpg=PA81andlpg=PA81anddq=can+a+gerund+refer+to+specific+instancesandsource=blandots=xMutSWcthzand sig=ACfU3U2uvTp2YwDVyXZGdPj5p5umdW4iHQandhl=enandppis=_candsa=Xandved=2ahUKEwi5-7TW8dznAhVLT6wKHcAYBww Q6AEwCnoECAkQAQ~#v=onepageandqandf=false SLHS-RR Semantics outweighs –a~ Precision – they can arbitrarily jettison words which decks ground and preparation because there is no stasis pointb~ Jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the authority to vote aff if it wasn't legitimateVote neg for limits and ground – infinite combination of affs from starlink, blue origin virgin galactic. Explodes aff ground – you cherry-pick affs with no neg ground and I must prep all affs while they prep one – generics like mining and spacecol don't link.Supercharged by them not defending implementation – I can't make shift DA like US primacy, solvency deficits CP – no PICs because no implementationTVA Solves – read this aff as an advantage – we still get discussion on their aff. | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - T PrivateTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying 1NC – TInterp – private entities are not government affiliatedUpCounsel ND ~"Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know". UpCounsel (interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help). No Date. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity Xu~ Violation – Chinese entities are all government affiliated – 3 warrants and WTO agrees.Olson 20 ~Stephen Olson (research fellow at the Hinrich Foundation). "Are Private Chinese Companies Really Private?". The Diplomat. September 30, 2020. Accessed 1/24/2022. https://thediplomat.com/2020/09/are-private-chinese-companies-really-private/ Xu~ WTO o/w – only international trade regulation, global consensus, and legal specificity.WTO No Date ~World Trade Organization. "What is the WTO?" No Date. Accessed 8/7/21. https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/whatis_e.htm Xu~ Semantics o/w –a~ Precision – they can arbitrarily jettison words which decks ground and preparation because there is no stasis pointb~ Jurisdiction – the judge doesn't have the authority to vote aff if it wasn't legitimatec~ Durability – grammatical correctness makes debaters effective academics and professionalsVote for predictable limits – their aff explodes the object of the resolution to include random entities from governments to universities to native tribes – that allows them to cherry-pick the best aff with no neg ground – also kills predictable advocacies which decks prepared engagement. | 1/29/22 |
4 - JF - T PublicTournament: Lexington | Round: Octas | Opponent: Honor AP | Judge: panel Interp: The aff must only defend private entities – private entities are independent of the publicViolation – SpaceX is not a private entityStarlink operated by SpaceX.Wikipedia No Date ~Wikipedia. No Date. Accessed 1/16/22. "Starlink". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink Xu~ NASA partners with SpaceXSheetz 19 ~Michael Sheetz (Space Reporter for CNBC.com). "How NASA is evolving through partnerships with private space companies." CNBC. NOV 30 2019. Accessed 1/16/22. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/30/how-nasa-is-evolving-through-partnerships-with-private-space-companies.html Xu~ Black's Law Dictionary defines private as "Affecting or belonging to private individuals, as distinct from the public generally. Not official."~"What is PRIVATE?" Black's Law Dictionary. No Date. Accessed 1/4/21. https://thelawdictionary.org/private/ Xu~ Merriam Webster defines entity as "something that has separate and distinct existence and objective or conceptual reality"~"entity". Merriam Webster. No Date. Accessed 1/7/22. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entity Xu~ Proves partnerships and collaborations aren't topical.Voter for limits and ground - imprecisely includes thousands of affs that expand immunity and deprives us of the enforcement counterplan - makes it impossible to be negGrammar - very idea of a topic rests on the assumption that words have stable meanings and relationships - precision internal link turns every piece of aff offenseNot specifying your agent is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat | 2/8/22 |
4 - JF - Xi Lashout DATournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Immaculate heart AW | Judge: Derek Ying 4 – Xi Good DAXi's regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development.Mitter and Johnson 21 ~Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC's Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT's Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21~ Adam Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China's rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180Patel 21 ~Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China's surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21~ Adam Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP's legitimacy from nationalist hardlinersWeiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 "Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China" http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer Lash-out causes SCS, Philippines war, Vietnam war, India border conflicts, ECS, Japan War, Taiwan invasion, and US-China War.Cole 14 J. Michael Cole 7-10-2014 "Where Would Beijing Use External Distractions?" http://thediplomat.com/2014/07/where-would-beijing-use-external-distractions/ (former analyst at the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, columnist for The Diplomat and a contributor for The National Interest)Elmer | 1/29/22 |
5 - MA - DspecTournament: TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Judge: Jacob Koshak Interp: The affirmative must define democracy in a delimited text in the 1AC.Democracy is flexible and has too many interps – normal means shows no consensus and makes the round irresolvable since the judge doesn't know how to compare between types of offense and o/w since it's a side constraint on decision making.Wikipedia, xx-xx-xxxx, "Democracy Index," No Publication, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index SJCPJG Violation – you don't.Prefer –1~ Stable Advocacy – they can redefine in the 1AR to wriggle out of DA's which kills high-quality engagement and becomes two ships passing in the night – triggers presumption since the aff wasn't subject to well researched scrutiny. We lose access to American politics DA's, Xi lashout DA's, basic case turns, and core process counter plans that have different definitions and 1NC pre-round prep.2~ Ground – not defining hurts my strategy since they can shift out as I ask DA questions, so I err on the side of caution and read generics which get destroyed by AC frontlines.3~ Real World – Policy makers will always how they are implementing a law. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, private entities can circumvent since there is no delineated way to enforce the aff and means their solvency can't actualize.DSpec isn't regressive or arbitrary – its core topic lit for what happens when the aff is implemented and cannot be discounted from policies that require enforcement to function. | 3/10/22 |
5 - MA - T inTournament: TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Judge: Jacob Koshak interp - the aff must use the free press as the actor.violation - they say democracy and fiat a governmental action, not the free pressPrecision – imprecisely includes democracies as the actor when it is a location.In denotes location – no dictionary because this is common sense.limits — it arbitrarily adds a verb to the resolution which is infinitely unpredictable because they can choose any action since it isn't bound by the resolutionGround - skirts core topic generics of objective freepress good/bad by shifting it to policy actions that allow them to fiat cherrypicked policies that don't have predictable responses4~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive.TVA: A free press ought to adhere to the | 3/10/22 |
5 - MA - Will to Transparency KTournament: TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bourne Champion Leon Petriu | Judge: Jacob Koshak Western Communication is on the brink of implosion – oversaturated by endless signs and images. Reality is dead, information is dissuasive, and truth no longer exists – any critical content of the Aff is over-coded by the hyperreal form of communication.Artrip and Debrix 18, Ryan E., and François Debrix. "The viral mediation of terror: ISIS, image, implosion." Critical Studies in Media Communication 35.1 (2018): 74-88. (Philosophy and Political Science at Guilford College and Elon University)Elmer The Impact is implosive violence as we seek to exterminate otherness by imposing meaning onto the globe.Artrip and Debrix 14, Ryan E., and François Debrix. "The digital fog of war: Baudrillard and the violence of representation." (2014). (Philosophy and Political Science at Guilford College and Elon University)Elmer The 1AC's reliance on Media as a conduit of images and facts is an abolishment of reality that replaces human interaction with spectacle, image, and simulation reinforcing the hegemony of the Sign Economy.Pawlett 7, William. Jean Baudrillard: against banality. Routledge, 2007. (Senior Lecturer in Cultural Studies at the University of Wolverhampton)Elmer The Will to Objectivity turns the world into a Global Target – Academic Rationality and the Will to Know culminates in Extermination.Answers Science/Objective Truth Args The Alternative is Radical Thought, catching debate in a trap of its own making. Instead of subsuming to the demand for truth, we are masters of illusion – bet on our critique of form, an enigma that reveals the contradiction of it all.Pawlett 7, William. Jean Baudrillard: against banality. Routledge, 2007. (Senior Lecturer in Cultural Studies at the University of Wolverhampton)Elmer | 3/10/22 |
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