Houston Memorial Cho Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Strake Jesuit KS | Tajaih |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Westview JO | KASSIE COLN |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | Durham SA | Bernard |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Christopher Columbus PC | Connor Self |
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| Grapevine | 9 | asdfas | asf |
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| Grapevine | 4 | Joey Antonelli | Truman Le |
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| Greenhill | 1 | Presentation NR | David Yi |
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| Greenhill | 4 | Ali Ahmad | Javier Navarrete |
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| Greenhill | 6 | Harun | Austin Broussard |
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| Lexington | 2 | Ailsa Sun | Derek Ying |
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| Loyola | 1 | asdf | asdf |
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| Loyola | 2 | Peninsula SM | Aashir Sanjrani, |
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| Loyola | 4 | Peninsula RM | Neville tom |
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| Loyola | 6 | Acton-Boxborough BH | Brett Cryan |
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| Loyola | Triples | Strake Jesuit EP | Panel |
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| Patterson | 1 | Jack Miller | Alexa Glendinning |
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| Patterson | 3 | Luke Madden | Hudson Lawson |
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| Patterson | Quarters | Stockdale RP | Panel |
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| Patterson | 6 | Cabot AC | Christian Jones |
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| Patterson | Semis | Isidore Newman EE | Panel |
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| Strake | 1 | Dulles VN | Joey Georges |
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| Strake | 4 | Kyren Khairah | Isaac Chao |
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| Strake | 5 | Aarush Tripathi | ALLISON ALDRIDGE |
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| Strake | Octas | Dulles NJ | Panel |
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| Strake | Semis | Pranav Kaginele | Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel |
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| UT | 1 | Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Ben Erdmann |
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| UT | 3 | Michael Stuckert | Nevin |
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| UT | Doubles | Adam Mimou | panel |
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| UT | 5 | Anderson Hendrix | Truman Le |
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| asd | 9 | asdf | asd |
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| asd | 9 | asdf | asd |
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| f | Quarters | f | f |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih 1AC - US Courts |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Westview JO | Judge: KASSIE COLN 1AC - Trad |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard 1AC - India |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1AC - Lay Rawls AC |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le 1AC - Zoom Bad |
| Greenhill | 1 | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: David Yi 1AC - Decolonizing IP |
| Greenhill | 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete 1AC - Insulin |
| Greenhill | 6 | Opponent: Harun | Judge: Austin Broussard 1AC - Kroker |
| Lexington | 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - Deleuze |
| Loyola | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula SM | Judge: Aashir Sanjrani, 1AC - Vaccine Imperialism |
| Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Neville tom 1AC - vaccine imperialism |
| Loyola | 6 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough BH | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC - Cannabis |
| Loyola | Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit EP | Judge: Panel 1AC - Kant |
| Patterson | 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning 1AC - Dysfluency |
| Patterson | 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1AC - Covid Waiver |
| Patterson | Quarters | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Panel 1AC - COVID and WTO |
| Patterson | 6 | Opponent: Cabot AC | Judge: Christian Jones 1AC - CovidGender inequailty AC |
| Patterson | Semis | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Panel 1AC - Hauntology |
| Strake | 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1AC - Kant |
| Strake | 4 | Opponent: Kyren Khairah | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC - Moon Treaty |
| Strake | 5 | Opponent: Aarush Tripathi | Judge: ALLISON ALDRIDGE 1AC - Kant |
| Strake | Octas | Opponent: Dulles NJ | Judge: Panel 1AC - Prag |
| Strake | Semis | Opponent: Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel 1AC - PTD |
| UT | 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 1AC - Anarcho Syndicate |
| UT | 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin 1AC - CIL |
| UT | Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel 1AC - Unions |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le 1AC - US aff |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - READ ME CITES UPDATE GRAPEVINETournament: Grapevine | Round: 9 | Opponent: asdfas | Judge: asf | 9/11/21 |
0 - READ ME IMPORTANT CITESTournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: asdf | Judge: asdf | 9/4/21 |
0 - contactTournament: f | Round: Quarters | Opponent: f | Judge: f Hi, I'm Sebastian. | 9/4/21 |
1 - G - New Affs AbleistTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1NC – OFF – new af badInterpretation: Debaters must disclose affirmative frameworks, advocacy texts, thirty minutes before round if they haven't read the affirmative beforeViolation:Standards:Stable Clash- Not disclosing incentivizes surprise tactics and poorly refined positions that rely on artificial and vague negative engagement to win debates. Their interpretation discourages third- and fourth-line testing by limiting the amount of time we have to prepare and forcing us to enter the debate with zero idea of what the affirmative is. Negatives are forced to rely on generics instead of smart contextual strategies destroying nuanced argumentation.Surprises are ableist- limited coping skills makes responding to new affirmatives contribute to stress and anxiety disorders that disproportionately affect populations with intellectual disabilityMiller 2008 (Michael L., Ph.D., university of Wyoming, "Teaching Relaxation Skills to Adults with Intellectual Disability and Generalized Anxiety Disorder" pg. 2) Fairness – it's a prereq to judge evaluationEducation – it's the only portable impactAccessibility – psychic violence is a prereq to being in debateCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn't set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseNeg theory is drop the debater – a) Prep skew – infinite prep means they frontline every shell enough to be efficient at DA and skew substance enough b) 1AR Flex –you moot 6 min of my offense and restart on unpredictable layers while kicking the args.No rvi~a~ Baiting—they'll bait the theory debate and prep it out—justifies infinite abuse since they'll get away with unacceptable practices~b~ 1AR all-outs—they'll collapse entirely to theory which crowds out substance and kills education.~c~ Chilling effect—people will be scared to read theory since they can lose off of it, so no one will check abuse.~d~ Norm—I shouldn't be forced to keep advocating for a bad norm if I realize it's bad in the middle of the round.~E~ Illogical—doesn't make sense to win just for being fair.Neg abuse outweighs Aff abuse – 1~ Infinite prep time before round to frontline 2~ 2AR judge psychology and 1st and last speech 3~ Infinite perms and uplayering in the 1AR.1NC theory first - 1~ Abuse was self-inflicted- They started the chain of abuse and forced me down this strategy 2~ Norming- We have more speeches to norm over whether it's a good idea since the shell was read earlier. | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Case vs DysfluencyTournament: Patterson | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning 2.Vote neg on presumptionPresumption - there is no relationship between voting aff and their advocacy or solvency – ontology means its cruel optimistic to think voting aff does anything.1~ They have zero solvency – they said in cross-ex that it's a material embodiment which they haven't doneA~ They aren't radical - they still follow debate trends like spreadingB~ Competitive incentives distort it - They read kant in other roundsC~ They read disclosure and then don't disclose to disabled debaters2~ it is agency denying to say you don't get to deserve this space. Disabled debaters who see it as home away from physical/social location and denying people that space is inherently violent3~ Even if you're right about how debate works - reactionary pushback from Larpers mean that losing ballots on T go home - heg good instead of frameworkA~ Losing rounds doesn't have to do with truth-valueB~ They still hire coaches and try to improve —4~ Being unfair doesn't destroy debate – it just sustains the hiearchry – ask yourself whether disabled debaters could ever engage with this affCaseOV—flag this on the ontology debate—it responds to their Mollow evidence.This is based on psychoanalytic premises we'll respond to them and also THEY HAVEN'T WARRANTED why psychoanalysis is true but anyways:Psychoanalysis triggers infinite regress: no brightline for when we stop analyzing because there's infinite things within the mind we don't know of.Culpability: factors outside of people's control i.e. emotions and mind and drives things we can't control so it's also impossible to solve for and the aff can't actually guide action which makes it useless.Now go to the warrants behind the first and second order drives:This misunderstands the way that policy or rules work they are meant to exclude the badness that people identify i.e. you obviously would not want rapists or murderers on the street. Some rules or universal understandings are necessary to check back against this which means no impact.This card misunderstands again: the law does not construct "humans" or what that should look like it just provides a guide to action. Anything that can't do that literally allows for anything which is horrendous.St. Pierre.This is a DA to your performance because it indicates that by becoming a public act of expression, the 1AC forces you to tie your success to your identity—we argue through Deleuze that you should be free of that.Affective labor means that disability is fluid and contingent—if your actions and existence in the space are shaped by your labor and relations with others there is always the possibility for change.PityLibidinal warrants are unverifiable because psychoanalysts have not done psychoanalyses of people who are reacting to disabled people.There's no reason this drive structures an ontological condition for the disabled body—the fact that we react in a certain way does not mean we have complete control over the disabled body.Empirically denied: lots of people react to disability with acceptance and an understanding that disabled bodies should be free to act as they want—they rely on an empirical claim but lack the empirical warrant.FuturismThis relies on the idea that disabled bodies are ontologically structured by able normative bodies which we disprove.Presumes the disabled body isn't capable of contributing to society which is reductionist and wrong.Optimism is only bad if ontology is true—if we win progress is possible because the subject is fluid then optimism is a useful pedagogical strategy because it provides contingent gains.IdentityThe solution to internalized ableism is to work against exclusion in society because that's the institution which reinforces that violence.Disabled bodies don't have to assume another identity if their identity is compatible with societal structures.Sentimentality DA — Affective investment in the maintenance of sentimental public spheres lubricates the wheels of liberalism, mobilizing fantasies of collective desires that undergird neoliberal regimes of governanceBerlant 8 ~Lauren Berlant, Professor of English at the University of Chicago, Introduction of THE FEMALE COMPLAINT: The Unfinished Business of Sentimentality in American Culture, Duke University Press: Durham and London, 2008~ | 10/9/21 |
1 - G - Deliberation Bad KTournament: Strake | Round: Octas | Opponent: Dulles NJ | Judge: Panel 1NC – OFFTheir method is violent – Drop the debater for deterrence====Pragmatism color-ignorance limits its explanatory power.==== Settlerism DA – The embrace of fluid deliberation and cultural exchange effaces the fixity of indigenous communities and their connection to land – that leaves Natives open to appropriation.Grande 2K (Sandy, Associate Prof of Education and Chair of Education Department @ Connecticut U, American Indian Geographies of Identity and Power: At the Crossroads of IndÃgena and Mestizaje, Harvard Educational Review, Winter 2000, 70.4, pg 467)mm | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Epistemological disablement KTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Communicative spaces are structured to exclude disabled bodies- speech has come to constitute the boundary of Humanism, to which disability forms the constitutive negative as a disruption of such networks. Thus the rob is to disrupt communicative humanism.St. Pierre 15 ~Bracketed for crip to disabled. Joshua St. Pierre (BA in humanities from Briercrest College, Master of Arts in philosophy from the University of Alberta). "Cripping Communication: Speech, Disability, and Exclusion in Liberal Humanist and Posthumanist Discourse." Communication Theory. Vol 25, Issue 3. Pages 330-348. 3/31/15. Accessed 8/29/20. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/comt.12054 Xu~ Kant basis his logic on ableist thought by believing able-bodied constructions of "reason" to be the defining factor of dignityCampbell '3 The Kantian notion of epistemological certainty projects ontological stigmas against what they perceive as disabled. The notion of self knowledge is negated by the disability drive. Instead, adopt epistemological disablement, which posits disability as constitutive to the subject.Mollow 15~Anna Mollow(Ph.D. in 2015 from the University of California, Berkeley, Andrew Vincent White and Florence Wales White Scholar, UC Dissertation-Year Fellow, coeditor of Sex and Disability and the co-editor of DSM-CRIP). "The Disability Drive." University of California at Berkeley. Spring 2015. Accessed 4/30/20. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Mollow_berkeley_0028E_15181.pdf Xu~ | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Epistemological disablement K v2Tournament: Strake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aarush Tripathi | Judge: ALLISON ALDRIDGE The alternative is unwavering pessimism – only a refusal of the world can disrupt the current notion of optimism –Selck~Michael L Selck(B.S., Southern Illinois University – Carbondale). "Crip Pessimism: The Language of Dis/ability and the Culture that Isn't." Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Jan 2016. Accessed 3/16/20. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1845andcontext=gs_rp Recut Houston Memorial DX~ Their notion of epistemological certainty projects ontological stigmas against what they perceive as disabled. The notion of self knowledge is negated by the disability drive. Thus the role of the ballot is to adopt epistemological disablement, which posits disability as constitutive to the subject.Mollow 15~Anna Mollow(Ph.D. in 2015 from the University of California, Berkeley, Andrew Vincent White and Florence Wales White Scholar, UC Dissertation-Year Fellow, coeditor of Sex and Disability and the co-editor of DSM-CRIP). "The Disability Drive." University of California at Berkeley. Spring 2015. Accessed 4/30/20. https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/etd/ucb/text/Mollow_berkeley_0028E_15181.pdf Houston Memorial DX~ The role of the ballot precludes your standard1. The standard speaks to offense leveraged under a normative framework and thus a normative conception of reality. No one consistently abides by normative ethics because we all have subjectivity. The Role of the ballot on the other hand, speak to the judge's obligation as an individual in the round and thus preclude examination of normativity.2. Pessimism is an epistemic prerequisite to engagement in any other framing – we need to deconstruct the reality of our world first in order to understand it. Ontology precedes ethics as it frames the way we view other subjects3. Outweighs on magnitude – we've won an epistemology claim that proves that disabled people are excluded from all decisions calculus which means any other rob leads to erasure we can't come back fromReps come first –
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1 - G - ExtinctionTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel The best estimate is there are 210 million current alien civilizationsLichfield 16 – Gideon Lichfield, Editor-in-Chief of MIT Technology Review, Senior Editor at Quartz, Fellow at the Data and Society Research Institute, MSc in the Philosophy of Science from the London School of Economics and Political Science, BSc in Physics and Philosophy from the University of Bristol, Former Adjunct Professor in the Global Journalism Program at New York University, "There Have Probably Been Trillions Of Alien Civilizations, And Yet We May Still Never See One", Quartz, 6-11, https://qz.com/704687/there-have-probably-been-trillions-of-alien-civilizations-and-yet-we-may-still-never-see-one/ Universe destruction outweighs human extinction—-earth is insignificant.Hughes 18 ~Dr. Nick Hughes, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University College Dublin, PhD in Philosophy from University of St Andrews and University of Olso, and Dr. Guy Kahane, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, D. Phil. in Philosophy from Oxford University, "Our Cosmic Insignificance", 7-6, http://www.unariunwisdom.com/our-cosmic-insignificance/~~ Alien lives should be valued as equal to humans—-anything else is arbitrary and a logic of devaluation that is at the root of violencePacker 7 – Joe Packer, then MA in Communication from Wake Forest University, now PhD in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh and Professor of Communication at Central Michigan University, Alien Life in Search of Acknowledgment, p. 62-63 Extinction ends human-caused suffering and death of non-human animals—-this outweighs any value to humanity—-AND we access it even if the process is slow, because societal breakdown ends this suffering in the short termMay 18 – Dr. Todd May, Professor of Philosophy at Clemson University, PhD in Philosophy from Penn State University, MA in Psychology from Duquesne University, "Would Human Extinction Be a Tragedy?", The New York Times, 12-17, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/opinion/human-extinction-climate-change.html Humans will inevitably go to space if we don't go extinctBaumann 17 – Tobias Baumann, PhD Student in Computer Science at University College London, Master's Degree in Mathematics and Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science and Physics from Ulm University, Former Quantitative Trader at Jane Street Capital, "S-Risks: An Introduction", 8-15, http://s-risks.org/intro/ That exports astronomical wild animal suffering throughout the Universe—-outweighsBruers 18 – Stijn Bruers, Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences at Ghent University, PhD in Physics and PhD in Moral Philosophy, "My Cause Prioritization", 2-15, https://stijnbruers.wordpress.com/2018/02/15/my-cause-prioritization/ Cosmogenesis is inevitableMerali 17 – Dr. Zeeya Merali, PhD in Cosmology from Brown University, Master's in Natural Sciences from the University of Cambridge, Freelance Journalist and Author Whose Work Has Appeared in Scientific American, Nature, New Scientist, and Discover, and on the BBC, "Scientists Want to Create a Universe in a Lab, And They Actually Could", Futurism, 10-20, https://futurism.com/scientists-may-create-universe-actually-could That causes infinite sufferingTomasik 17 – Brian Tomasik, Researcher, Cofounder and Advisor at the Foundational Research Institute, BS in Computer Science from Swarthmore College, Former Research Assistant at the University of Pennsylvania, Former Software Development Engineer II at Microsoft, "Lab Universes: Creating Infinite Suffering", Essays on Reducing Suffering, 6-16, https://reducing-suffering.org/lab-universes-creating-infinite-suffering/ | 12/5/21 |
1 - G - Falsifiability NCTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges 1~ Nothing is verifiable under a standard of falsifiability.Nickles, Thomas. (Philosopher @ University of Nevada, Reno) "Falsifiability." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. 2005. , https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/35320/mod_resource/content/1/Falsifiability2028Introduction29.pdf /AHS PB Presumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren't resolved e) winning the nc proves since otherwise we'd be blindly deceived when skeptical f) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote neg g) permissibility can't affirm since then anything would be ok which would justify racism – we should be safe and do nothing. | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Hidden Aprioris badTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interpretation: if debaters read a prioris, they must be explicitly numbered, labeled as their own off, or there must be a line break between an a priori and the arguments before and after it. To clarify, you can't hide them.Violation: there are hidden a prioris in _Strat skew – makes it impossible to find and answer the a prioris – they all function as no risk issues that become nibs for me since I can't turn them – dropping one means I automatically lose the round which incentivizes reading more of them which kills clash and debatability.It's also exclusionary because people who can't flow as well or process info as fast blips get skewed out of the round. When you hide it in a block of text, that makes it harder to read and easier to concede – outweighs since it makes debate inaccessible to people who have a hard time reading huge blocks of text since they lose every round to shitty and unfair arguments, drives people out of the activity | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - IFD NCTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Next, util relies on intentions to be coherent – Negate – they say states don’t have intentions which triggers permissibility as it makes util incoherent. | 12/5/21 |
1 - G - Must read a robTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interpretation: The affirmative debater must articulate a distinct ROB in the form of a delineated text in the first affirmative speech.B. Violation: They don'tC. Standards:1. Strat Skew – Absent a text in the 1AC, they can read multiple pieces of offense under different ROBs and then read a new one in the 1AR that moots 7 minutes of case and allows them to auto-win with specific offense. Reading a new 1ar rob is a voter for shiftiness o/ws since it creates an irreversible skew for the negative that can't be changed.CX checks fails- A~ Not flowed B~ skews 6 min of prep during the aff C~ They can proactively lie and there's no way to check D~ debaters can be intentionally shady.This spec shell isn't regressive- it literally determines what the affirmatives framing mechanism is | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - T ActualizationTournament: Patterson | Round: Semis | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Panel T – HauntologyInterpretation and Violation- the aff needs to defend a concrete action that results in their method, they don't mandate a concrete action but only defends a hauntological investigation of the Hospital System.B. This Procedural is a Voter1. Aff Conditionality- by not defending concrete action, the aff can clarify or change their method, allowing them to shift at will, which kills clash and cost benefit analysis2. Predictable Limits- the aff explodes limits by introducing an infinite amount of methods and because there has been no discussion of their method in relation to the topic, kills research skills and education3. Predictable Ground- the aff's vague method allows them to spike out of any DA and K links by claiming they are not that method, a concrete action is key, kills clash and competition4. their method divorces us from Topic Education – nitty gritty debates on details of medicine and health policy informs and educates debaters and enables critical analysis which solves their offense. Form over Content doesn't take it out since we don't restrict Form, just the substantive burden of the Aff.Galea 18, Sandro. Healthier: Fifty thoughts on the foundations of population health. Oxford University Press, 2017. (Professor of Public Health at Boston University)Elmer 5. concrete actions are key, methods shouldn't come first – they are a means to an end. Treating method as an exclusive endpoint legitimizes the very thing they are critiquingFearon and Wendt, Professor of Poli Sci at Stanford and Professor of IR at Ohio State,2002 TVA – read a pharma bad aff that reduces IPPs that prop up higher income countries and predatory corporations – pairing their analysis with material solutions solves their impacts but creates a better model of debate.Prefer Competing Interpretations – reasonability is arbitrary and causes a race to the bottom. This means reject Aff Impact Turns predicated on their theory since we weren't able to adequately prepare for it.Drop the Debater – DTA decks norming and force late breaking 1ar restarts that favor the aff with a 7-6 time skew.====Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat. At worst let neg choose their actor/method off passing the resolution and stick them with WTO==== | 11/17/21 |
1 - G - T EmbodimentTournament: Patterson | Round: 1 | Opponent: Jack Miller | Judge: Alexa Glendinning Interpretation – the aff must defend an embodied defense of the resolution .Lanning 14 (Eric Lanning Eric Lanning was a debater at the University of Houston and former National Debate Tournament Champion. January 22, 2014, "What is Access?", access debate, http://accessdebate.com/2014/01/22/what-is-access/ The website is now no longer working, but you can access an archive of the website through this link: https://web.archive.org/web/20151215072330/http://accessdebate.com/2014/01/22/what-is-access/ Brackets already in the article) CX and the absence of a plan prove there's no I-meet.Words and Phrases 64 (Words and Phrases; 1964; Permanent Edition) 4 types of IP.Rumore 5/17 ~Martha M. Rumore (pharmacist-attorney in Frier Levitt's Life Sciences Department). "Why every medical practice should care about intellectual property". Medical Economics. May 17, 2021. Accessed 8/7/21. https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/why-every-medical-practice-should-care-about-intellectual-property Xu~ First is fairness – radically re-contextualizing the resolution lets them defend any method tangentially related to the topic, which erases neg ground via perms and renders research burdens untenable by eviscerating predictable limits. Procedural questions come first – debate is a game and it makes no sense to skew a competitive activity as it requires effective negation which incentivizes argument refinement, but skewed burdens deck pedagogical engagement.SSD solvesDTD – 1AR restarts force late-developing debates that favor the aff since they get a 7-6 time skew and ensure surface-level clash.T isn't violent –A~ I don't have the power to impose a norm – only to convince you my side is better. T doesn't ban you from the activity – the whole point is that norms should be contestable – I just say make a better arg next time.B~ Exclusion is inevitable – every role of the ballot excludes some arguments and even saying T bad excludes it – that means we should delineate ground along reciprocal lines, not abandon division altogether.No impact turns or RVIs – A~ Substance – if T's bad then we should try debating on substance – impact turns force me to go for T since I need to defend my position. B~ Dead end – strategy guides debates so they'll desire that people read T to beat them on the impact turn – that proves their strategy is reactive and can't solve since they rely on the structures they critique.Competing interp – offense defense paradigm is the best method for evaluation since you can compare benefits under both interps easier. | 10/9/21 |
1 - G - Tech Check vStrakeTournament: Strake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Joey Georges Interp: Debaters must show-up to the tech-check(NSDA, National Speech and Debate Association) Online Speech and Debate Competition Tips No Date https://drive.google.com/uc?export=downloadandid=15gZxwk_e7FdlEAiRU0yrqOUQDbExZ-4h DOA 9/18/21 Cho Violation: They didn't show up screenshots in doc
1~ Tech issues – testing tech pre-round is key to functional debates like audio quality and sound settings. O/Ws A~ Sequencing – controls the internal link to other standards B~ Reversibility – you could get disqualified for being late.2~ Prep Skew – I had to spend 10 minutes checking my tech while they could be prepping which irreparably skews the burdens in their favor. O/Ws on structural abuse since it's the only verifiable impact.3~ Delay – Late tech-checks and preventable tech issues delay RFDs and future pairings 2 impacts – (A) Scope – delaying the tournament skews flight 2 neg debaters, big prep-squads (B) Late rounds cause sleep-deficits which is bad for your health and skews your ability to effectively clash and engage.Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat | 12/18/21 |
1 - G - Truth TestingTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete "Affirm" means "assert as valid" and "negate" means "deny the … truth of." The rules of debate can't be changed from the inside.Schapiro Shapiro, Tamar (Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University). "Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory." Volume 35, Number 1, March 2001. 1~ Ought is "used to express duty or moral obligation"- That's Dictionary.com . Prefer our definitionA~ Framers intent- people who wrote the rez wanted debates to be normative obligations B~ Common Usage – Our definition is the first on the list and most commonly used in the debate community.Thus, the role of the ballot is truth-testing. Prefer—~1~ Education – Framework debates incentivize phil research. Outweighs since phil ed is (a) the reason why schools fund LD debate specifically, (b) most accessible to small schools that can't keep up with util prep, and (c) key to good policymaking which impact turns their offense.~2~ Every statement implicitly asserts its own truth. Any other ROB appeals to mine which collapses.~3~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn't change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.~4~ ROBs that aren't phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem. | 9/19/21 |
1 - G - Truth TestingTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying The role of the ballot is to determine whether the resolution is a true or false statement –A~ anything else moots 7 minutes of the NC – their framing collapses since you must say it is true that their theory of power is better than another before you adopt it.B~ The ballot says vote aff or neg based on a topic – five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true so it's constitutive and jurisdictional. I denied the truth of the resolution by disagreeing with the aff which means I've met my burden.C~ it's the most logical since you don't say vote for the player who shoots the most 3 points, the better player wins since debate is a game with rules given by how there's a winner and loser. Answers collapse to truth testing since they require truth value i.e. truth testing is false requires proving that it is true that truth testing is false. Inclusion is a fallacy of origin because just because something is a prerequisite doesn't make it more importantD~ Nothing leaves this round other than the result on the ballot which means even if there is a higher purpose, it doesn't change anything, and you should just write whatever is important on the ballot and vote for me.E~ ROBs that aren't phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem.F~ Other ROBs open the door for personal lives of debaters to factor into decisions and compare who is more oppressed which causes violence in a space where some people go to escape | 1/15/22 |
1 - G - Util FWTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1.The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –1~ Naturalism – Only material realities are epistemically accessiblePapineau '07 Pleasure is an intrinsic good—solves regress.Moen '16 – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang Outweighs –A~ Other FWs rely on long questionable claims that make them less likely. Only util is epistemically accessible. 2~ States must use util – they seek practical benefits for constituents and aren't unified agents so they don't have intentions. No calc indicts since states use util successfully all the time and they just prove util's hard to use not impossible.3~ Death outweighs – agents can't act ethically if they fear bodily harm – turns NCs4~ Extinction comes first under any framing – future value, magnitude, risk parityPummer 15 Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015 AT, recut BWSEK 5~ Consequentialism true –A~ No intent-foresight distinction – when I foresee something it enters into my intention | 9/10/21 |
1 - SO - China Rise DATournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self China is using a lack of alternate COVID vaccines to engage in aggressive vaccine diplomacy and expand influence – the Plan's increase of access to perceptively more efficacious vaccines devastates those efforts.Zhao 4-29 Suisheng Zhao 4-29-2021 "Why China's vaccine diplomacy is winning" https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2021/04/29/why-chinas-vaccine-diplomacy-is-winning/ (Professor and Director of the Center for China–US Cooperation at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver)Elmer Waivers are a critical issue in the perceptual ineptness of America and the West.Pratt and Levin 4-29 Simon Frankel Pratt and Jamie Levin 4-29-2021 "Vaccines Will Shape the New Geopolitical Order" https://archive.is/OgDcA~~#selection-847.23-857.11 (Simon Frankel Pratt is a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Politics, and International Studies at the University of Bristol. Jamie Levin is an assistant professor of political science at St. Francis Xavier University in Canada.)Elmer Chinese leadership solves existential threats.Yamei 18 Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 That solves the Case – China has the vaccine production capacity to vaccinate the world.Mallapaty 6-9 Smriti Mallapaty 6-9-2021 "China is vaccinating a staggering 20 million people a day" https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01545-3 (She has a master of science degree in environmental technology from Imperial College London.)Elmer | 9/10/21 |
2 - SO - Alief CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Cap K vs DecolonizationTournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: David Yi 1.1NC – KThey don't create a space of resistance – they instead carve out a pseudo-radical space in an activity that remains funded by white elites and sustained through labor exploitation. Capitalism thrives on exactly this sort of politics – the simulation of agency allows people to pretend there's an outside to the system. It's that rush of agency that allows us to simulate the reclamation of the subject.Bluhdorn '7 – (May 2007, Ingolfur, PhD, Reader in Politics/Political Sociology, University of Bath, "Self-description, Self-deception, Simulation: A Systems-theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Discourses of Radical Change," Social Movement Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1–20, May 2007, google scholar) The analytic of settler colonialism collapses the complexities of racial capitalism down to a settler/indigenous binary – that creates ineffective resistance by fracturing solidarity.Bhandar and Ziadah '16 ====Capitalism's drive to accumulate compels environmental catastrophe and nuclear warfare —- we should mobilize our intellectual energies accordingly ==== ====Negate to affirm the right of indigenous Mexicans to overthrow the hegemonic government of Mexico. Solves the aff building a multi-ethnic, working class movement that doesn't "perform" their radicalism—they live it.==== Alternatively, the Chiapas issue can be examined as a positive approach for indigenous populations. The EZLN created a national and international awareness of the indigenous peoples' situation in Chiapas. This rebellion generated a general consciousness among Mexico's entire population in accepting its status as a multicultural and multiethnic nation and in recognising the existence of rich indigenous cultures and traditions within its territory. Finally, according to Xochitl Leyva, a contributor of The Journal of Peasant Studies, the Chiapas issue generated a united indigenous ideology, which refers to an "internal reaffirmation of cultural self-esteem (pride in existing selfhood)." Arguably, as a consequence of this revolt, indigenous peoples learned that by uniting among themselves and by fighting together common causes, their voice would become stronger within negotiations with the Mexican Government. The Zapatista rebellion played a significant role in the expansion of indigenous rights and recognition in Mexico. As a consequence of the insurgency, together with its international implications – such as the loss of confidence of foreign investors – the Mexican Government was obligated to make constitutional reforms that granted indigenous peoples local political autonomy and greater political participation at a national level. Indigenous peoples not only gained from this rebellion the expansion of political rights, but also guaranteed greater preservation of traditions, languages and ways of living. The Mexican Government has failed to reduce poverty levels and improve the quality of life standards in Chiapas: violence, social inequality and human rights violations to indigenous peoples still remain. However, as a consequence of the Zapatista revolt, the government has made efforts to overcome these problems by creat~ed~ ing Federal agencies specialised in indigenous issues. The creation of the CDI can be seen as an example of these efforts. Regardless of the shortcomings of these government agencies, their creation is a big step towards accelerating the development of indigenous communities. Mexico is a multicultural and multiethnic country. The EZLN movement played a fundamental role in representing the interests of these indigenous peoples by achieving protection of the rich Mexican indigenous heritage within the constitution. The Zapatista struggle was effective as indigenous communities were given greater autonomy, challenging their previous subordinate position as seen by the Mexican Government. The Zapatistas had a positive impact on the expansion of indigenous rights and recognition in Mexico. It can serve as an example of how indigenous solidarity can put an end to indigenous exclusion and oppression. Although the Mexican Government has been unsuccessful in granting a better quality of life to those indigenous peoples in Chiapas, the EZLN was effective in displaying (nationally and internationally) the alarming situation that indigenous peoples are living in Mexico.1NC – ROBThe Role of the Ballot is to unconditionally resist economic systems of exclusion — theirs is more arbitrary, but our interpretation solves because systems of exclusion are more broadFrame their role of debate to structures of domination – their framework cedes to insert which forces Indigenous populations to solipsistic retreat, which we'll impact turn on the link debate | 9/18/21 |
2 - SO - Case vs Christopher Columbus PCTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus PC | Judge: Connor Self 1NC – COVID DefenseThe Plan can't solve COVID -1~ Lack of key suppliesTepper 21 James Tepper, 4/10 ~James Tepper, (James M. Tepper is an American neuroscientist currently a Board of Governors Professor of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience and Distinguished Professor at Rutgers University and an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.)~. "Global Covid vaccine rollout threatened by shortage of vital components." Guardian, 4-1-2021, Accessed 8-8-2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/10/global-covid-vaccine-rollout-threatened-by-shortage-of-vital-components duongie 2~ Hurts InnovationValue Ingenuity 20 ~Value Ingenuity, (The Value Ingenuity project is telling the story of innovation, its roots, its impact, its social and moral imperatives, and the public policy prescriptions that will assure a continued upward trajectory for the generations to follow. Our objective is to advance globally a shared purpose of mutual investment in sustainable innovation.)~. "WTO IP Waiver Would Undermine Covid Innovation." 10-2-2020, Accessed 8-5-2021. https://www.valueingenuity.com/2021/05/18/wto-ip-waiver-would-undermine-covid-innovation/ duongie Turns the Aff – Delta Variant proves current vaccines aren't enough – we need new innovations.Guarino 8-18 Ben Guarino 8-18-2021 "Vaccines show declining effectiveness against infection overall but strong protection against hospitalization amid delta variant" https://archive.is/pvuzL~~#selection-747.0-750.0 (Education: University of Pennsylvania, BSE in bioengineering; New York University, MA in journalism)Elmer 3~ Skill Disparities and Trade Secrets – Moderna proves IP isn't the root cause.Silverman 3-15 Rachel Silverman 3-15-2021 "Waiving vaccine patents won't help inoculate poorer nations" https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/03/15/vaccine-coronavirus-patents-waive-global-equity/ (Rachel Silverman is a policy fellow at the Center for Global Development)Duong | 9/10/21 |
2 - SO - Case vs Zoom BadTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le CaseO/V1~ Presumption - there is no relationship between voting aff and their advocacy or solvency – if online learning makes life impossible and techno capitalism is inevitable then self-reflection doesn't solve anything and instead creates the same kind of "toy" activism games about fighting technocap that they say are bad which is cruel optimism.2~ Next – They also read both policy and K affs during online debate which proves that they think that both policy and activist discussions over zoom is good OR they link into their own impacts which is a terminal solvency deficit and a reason to reject their method.3~ And we've done practice rounds on zoom before which proves they voluntarily use zoom and it isn't forcedThey also can't stop reliance on technologyA~ other ed-techB~ People keep using zoomMirrlees and Alvi1~ Specificity loses them the debate – NSDA campus is a free technology that's run by a non-profit body and isn't the same "ed-Tech" giants that they say are evil.2~ We've already had debates about the ethicality of virtual communication over massive Facebook threads before online-TOC. Independent silencing DA for ignoring the protests of Black Debaters and co-opting their scholarship.Reed1~ Their method of violent discourse and frustration as solvency is toxic and uselessA~ People with anxiety, trauma or unique coping mechanisms causes psychological violence and makes debate unsafe.B~ There is no causal warrant behind losing a round, getting mad and changing your mindset. Turn – People who get mad about losing just double down by drilling more or complaining about the judge screw.Empirically proven – you lost on TFW to Adam last week but you still read zoom bad2~ Online debates are good under gamer theoryA~ We escape institutions and institutions by playing games with strategy, silly tricks friv theory and facetious impact turns.B~ Institutions are cracking down on critical race theory within education – NSDA campus debates are good because they prevent spectators and minimize the risk of surveillance. Means no UQ for their turns because education about activist theory doesn't exist anywhere else.Disability Turn1~ Being unfair vs people with learning disability guts their solvencyA~ No self-reflection since I already view myself as disadvantaged.B~ pathologizes psychic attachments for people who use debate to cope stress like me debating even though I'm immunocompromised and have covid and literally can't leave my room.2~ Virtual debates good ====A~ exposure==== B~ Accommodation technologyC~ Campus SizeTech DisadvantageVirtual reduces our carbon footprint by over 90Trappes et al. 20 ("The Online Alternative: Sustainability, Justice, and Conferencing in Philosophy." Rose Trappes of Bielefeld University, Daniel Cohnitz of Utrecht University, Viorel Pâslaru of University of Dayton, T. J. Perkins of University of Utah and Ali Teymoori of Helmut Schmidt University for European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 16 No. 2, November 2020. https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanakandid_clanak_jezik=361108) JET + BMC The economic consequences of pandemic response would prevent many debaters from attending tournaments – online resolves this and increases access from baselineTrappes et al. 20 ("The Online Alternative: Sustainability, Justice, and Conferencing in Philosophy." Rose Trappes of Bielefeld University, Daniel Cohnitz of Utrecht University, Viorel Pâslaru of University of Dayton, T. J. Perkins of University of Utah and Ali Teymoori of Helmut Schmidt University for European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, Vol. 16 No. 2, November 2020. https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanakandid_clanak_jezik=361108) JET + BMC Extinction is the only coherent and egalitarian framework – prefer itKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) Virtual conferencing raises research quality – turns the affSarabipour 20 ("Research Culture: Virtual conferences raise standards for accessibility and interactions." By Sarvenaz Sarabipour of the Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, November 4, 2020. https://elifesciences.org/articles/62668) ~all figures omitted~ JET Independently, the new paradigm leads to acceleration of innovationSarabipour 20 ("Research Culture: Virtual conferences raise standards for accessibility and interactions." By Sarvenaz Sarabipour of the Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, November 4, 2020. https://elifesciences.org/articles/62668) ~all figures omitted~ JET That solves covid – conferences have allowed scientists to group up easier and share research – Zoom has and will result in less time on Zoom – turns the aff. | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Climate Patents DATournament: Patterson | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Stockdale RP | Judge: Panel Climate Patents and Innovation high now and solving Warming but COVID waiver sets a dangerous precedent for appropriations - the mere threat is sufficient is enough to kill investment.Brand 5-26, Melissa. "Trips Ip Waiver Could Establish Dangerous Precedent for Climate Change and Other Biotech Sectors." IPWatchdog.com | Patents and Patent Law, 26 May 2021, www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/26/trips-ip-waiver-establish-dangerous-precedent-climate-change-biotech-sectors/id=133964/. sid Private sector innovation is key to solve climate change – short term politicking and priority shifts means government can't solve alone.Henry 17, Simon. "Climate Change Cannot Be Solved by Governments Alone. How Can the Private Sector Help?" World Economic Forum, 21 Nov. 2017, www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/11/governments-alone-cannot-halt-climate-change-what-can-private-sector-do/. Programme Director, International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance (ICROA) sid ~Turns War~ Warming causes WarKlare 15 Michael Klare 11-5-2015 "The water wars are coming: Civilization will never survive climate calamity" https://www.salon.com/2015/11/05/the_water_wars_are_coming_civilization_will_never_survive_climate_calamity/ (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and defense correspondent for The Nation)Elmer | 10/10/21 |
2 - SO - Grapevine CPTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le CP: Debaters ought to attend Grapevine In Person – perms incoherent since Joey chose to stay homeSolve their offense cuz no zoom fatigue.They'll say still uses tech but that's non-unique since debate always uses techTheir forwarding of the resolution and zoom solely to evidence its violent qualities is an affective investment in the violent norms of debate that they've critiqued—-this ev is oddly specific.Lundberg 12 – Dr. Christian Lundberg, Co-Director of the University Program in Cultural Studies and Professor of Rhetoric at the University of North Carolina, PhD in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, MA in Divinity from Emory University, BA from the University of Redlands, Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric, p. 174-177 | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - Infrastructure DATournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete Infrastructure passes now due to Biden and Pelosi involvement – Biden PC and tight timetables makes the margin for error literally ZEROElliott 9-16 (Philip Elliott is a Washington Correspondent for TIME. Before joining TIME in early 2015, he spent almost a decade at The Associated Press, where he covered politics, campaign finance, education and the White House. He is a graduate of the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University, September 16, 2021, accessed on 9-17-2021, Time, "Democrats Face a Grueling Two Weeks as Infighting Erupts Over Infrastructure", https://time.com/6098810/house-democrats-reconciliation/)//babcii Attacks on Pharmaceutical Profits triggers Mod Dem Backlash – it disrupts unity.Cohen 9-6 Joshua Cohen 9-6-2021 "Democrats' Plans To Introduce Prescription Drug Pricing Reform Face Formidable Obstacles" https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2021/09/06/democrats-plans-to-introduce-prescription-drug-pricing-reform-face-obstacles/?sh=37a269917395 (independent healthcare analyst with over 22 years of experience analyzing healthcare and pharmaceuticals.)Elmer Big Insulin aggressively lobbies Congress – immediate blowback from price-control policies.Lucas and Hancock 18 ~ELIZABETH LUCAS (Data Editor at Kaiser Health News, specializes in data analysis and reporting for the KHN enterprise team. She came from Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE), where she spent four years training and supporting data journalists around the world as the NICAR Data Library director. Previously she worked as a data reporter on health and the environment for the Center for Public Integrity. She has a master's degree from the Missouri School of Journalism) AND JAY HANCOCK (Senior correspondent, Kaiser Health News). "How High Drug Prices and Big Lobbying Budgets Go Together for Big Pharma". Fortune. April 26, 2018. Accessed 9/16/21. https://fortune.com/2018/04/26/drug-prices-diabetes-lobbying/ Xu~ Pharma backlash independently turns Case.Huetteman 19 Emmarie Huetteman 2-26-2019 "Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash" https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/ (former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University's Medill School)Elmer Infrastructure reform solves Existential Climate Change – it results in spill-over.USA Today 7-20 7-20-2021 "Climate change is at 'code red' status for the planet, and inaction is no longer an option" https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/todaysdebate/2021/07/20/climate-change-biden-infrastructure-bill-good-start/7877118002/ Elmer Warming entrenches Global North-South Inequality.LA Times 19 9-15-2019 "Editorial: Wealthy Countries are Responsible for Climate Change, but it's the poor who will suffer most" https://archive.is/aVCFf~~#selection-1989.1-2016.0 Elmer | 9/19/21 |
2 - SO - Set Col KTournament: Patterson | Round: 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1NC – Kritik====Genocidal settlement is a structure, not an event meaning ontological logic of elimination is an everyday manifestation that defines settler identity.==== That results in land exploitation and ecocide – specifically manifests in knowledge institutions making forefronting Settler Colonialism a prior question.Paperson 17 la paperson or K. Wayne Yang, June 2017, "A Third University is Possible" (an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego)Elmer Expansion of medical access is a form of settler colonial biomedical onslaught – humanitarian promotions of health proliferate genocidal assimilation.Klausen 13, Jimmy Casas. "Reservations on hospitality: contact and vulnerability in Kant and indigenous action." Hospitality and World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2013. 197-221. (Associate Professor in the Instituto de Relações Internacionais at the PontifÃcia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro)Elmer Biomedicine itself is invested in colonial exploitation through testing done on indigenous communities to biopiracy and stealing indigenous knowledge.Lift Mode 17 3-10-2017 "Pharmaceutical Colonialism" https://medium.com/@liftmode/pharmaceutical-colonialism-3-ways-that-western-medicine-takes-from-indigenous-communities-3a9339b4f24f (We at Liftmode.com are a team of professionals from a variety of backgrounds, dedicated to the mission of providing the highest quality and highest purity nutritional health supplements on the market. We look specifically for the latest and most promising research in the fields of cognition enhancement, neuroscience and alternative health supplements, and develop commercial strategies to bring these technologies to the marketplace.)Elmer Vote negative to endorse a cartography of refusalDay 15 Iyko, Associate Professor of English. Chair, Critical Social Thought. "Being or Nothingness: Indigeneity, Antiblackness, and Settler Colonial Critique." Source: Critical Ethnic Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Fall 2015), pp. 102-121 Elmer Reject Reformism or Plan Focus - Challenging the 1AC's colonialist framework of interpretation is a prior question to whether or not the Aff is a good ideaDeloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder The Affrelegates indigenous possibility to reservation, accelerating death-making – only an orientation of refusal as generative can solve. This the ROTB is to reject systems of settler colonialism.King 17, Tiffany Lethabo. "Humans involved: Lurking in the lines of posthumanist flight." Critical Ethnic Studies 3.1 (2017): 162-185. (Assistant Professor of Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Georgia State)GZ but re-cut by Elmer | 10/9/21 |
2 - SO - T FrameworkTournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Joey Antonelli | Judge: Truman Le Voter for limits and ground - justifies infinite unpredictable aff advantage ground which overstretches research burdens while spiking core generics Fairness - manipulating the balance of prep structurally favor’s the aff - people come to debate for different reasons but pursuit of the ballot is the only unifying characteristic Clash - unpredictability destroys research accessibility and nuanced refinement - empathy and value clarification are key to fight dogma and create better advocates - turns case because precluding testing means the aff should be considered presumptively false Any dissad’s to the TVA are neg ground - it’s: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. No Impact Turn’s - Infinite prior resolutional questions and procedural issues bring into question if the debate should have happened in the first place AND reading it on the neg and switch side solve Vote negative for deterrence - at worst agree with the aff and vote neg because I shouldn’t be burdened to debate it Not specifying the actor and/or method of the aff is a voting issue - decimates core neg ground and nuanced method debates - Cross X is too late for the 1NC strat | 9/14/21 |
2 - SO - T ReduceTournament: Patterson | Round: 3 | Opponent: Luke Madden | Judge: Hudson Lawson 1.1~ Interpretation - Reduce means permanent reduction – it's distinct from "waive" or "suspend."Reynolds 59 (Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) 2~ Violation – the plan waives intellectual property protections temporarily, which is an indefinite suspension. That's 1AC ~WTO Communication~.Waiver is temporary.Green 5/6 ~Andrew Green (Devex Contributing Reporter based in Berlin, his coverage focuses primarily on health and human rights and he has previously worked as Voice of America's South Sudan bureau chief and the Center for Public Integrity's web editor). "US backs waiver for intellectual property rights for COVID-19 vaccines". Devex. 06 May 2021. Accessed 7/31/2021. https://www.devex.com/news/us-backs-waiver-for-intellectual-property-rights-for-covid-19-vaccines-99847 Xu~ 1AC Kang evidence says "Waiver" and "suspend rules"1AC HRW also says "Waiver" and "Waiving certain IP rules"~Pre-empting the We Meet~ – Plan Text in a Vacuum is a useless guideline since words are contextually defined based on function – the only basis for determining Topicality should be if the implementation of the Plan as per their 1AC solvency evidence follows the directional meaning of the Topic's intent – anything else allows the 1AR to re-contextualize what the Plan says forcing the 1NC to predict infinite 1AR spin since they're not tied to their evidence.3~ Vote neg for limits and neg ground – re-instatement under any infinite number of conditions doubles aff ground – every plan becomes either temporary or permanent – you cherry-pick the best criteria and I must prep every aff while they avoid core topic discussions like reduction-based DAs which decks generics like Pharma Innovation and Bio-Tech.4~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive. | 10/9/21 |
2 - SO - Universal Agreements NCTournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ali Ahmad | Judge: Javier Navarrete ~1~ We can't access the perspective of others, so there's no shared basis for understanding the nature of agency. How I make decisions may be different from you.~2~ Our understanding of the world is constrained by biases, sensory flaws, and limited knowledge. Even if we agreed on morals, we would disagree on how to apply morals to a situation.~3~ Hijacks Medina – perspectives aren't accessible thenThis necessitates consistency with majority rule – nothing else grounds political legitimacy.Kelsen '55 Kelsen, Hans (Hans Kelsen was a dope Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher). "Foundations of Democracy." Ethics, Volume 66, Number 1, Oct. 1955, pg. 38-39, https://www.u-cursos.cl/derecho/2011/1/D121B0310B/1/material_docente/bajar?id_material=359324**. MBPZ *Modified for G-lang The standard is consistency with universal agreementPrefer—First, democratic decision-making maximizes the probability of moral truth which precludes individual reflection.Nino '91 Nino, Carlos S. (Carlos Nino was a Professor of Law at the University of Buenos Aires and a regular visiting Professor at the Yale Law School; He was a moral, legal, and political philosopher and holds a Ph.D. in law from Oxford University). "The Epistemological Moral Relevance of Democracy." Ratio Juris, Volume 4, Number 1, March 1991, pg. 36-51. http://www.stafforini.com/nino/Nino20-20The20epistemological20moral20relevance20of20democracy.pdf**. MBPZ Second, descriptivism is true – social conventions define linguistic meaning of words like "ought."Palmer '71 Palmer, Robert F. (Robert Palmer is Emeritus Professor of Linguistic Science at the University of Reading). "Grammar." Penguin Books, New York, N.Y., U.S.A., 2nd edition, pg. 15-16. MBPZ Third, Striving toward omni perspectival knowledge is the only way to be consistent with our moral judgments – Hudgens 07,~Jennifer L. Hudgens "Perspectives on Perspectivism: Nietzsche and His Commentators" Georgia State University Philosophy Theses Department of Philosophy 8-3-2007~ LHP NK and SS Fourth, morality must be capable of giving people reasons to act. Otherwise, people could conclude there is no reason for them to accept standards. Morality would just be a hypothetical imperative, which can't produce an obligation. Polls give each person a way to express their interests and are the best way to justify beliefs because they aggregate preferences. Merely justifying why an ethical theory is "true" does not matter if a person would never bind themselves to it.NegateMost of this was extempted 1~ If ethical calculations are impossible then vote negative on permissibility and presumption because they haven't proven the resolution true.2~ The 1AC has failed to prove that extemp3~ Mainstream – means that if the aff is popular you should vote neg – that was CX | 9/19/21 |
3 - ND - Air Traffic StrikesTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Low Air Traffic Strikes now due to lack of Right to Strike – the plan reverses penalties.Youn 19 Soo Youn 1-22-2019 "Why TSA and FAA workers can't just go on strike to end the shutdown" https://abcnews.go.com/US/tsa-faa-workers-strike-end-shutdown/story?id=60540070 (Freelance Journalist)Elmer Trade is rebounding now.Wood 9-16 Laura Wood 9-16-2021 "Global Terminal Tractor Market (2021 to 2026) - Advancements in Terminal Tractors Presents Opportunities" https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2021/09/16/2298189/28124/en/Global-Terminal-Tractor-Market-2021-to-2026-Advancements-in-Terminal-Tractors-Presents-Opportunities.html (Senior Press Manager at Research and Markets)Elmer Strong Airline Industry key to global trade and the economy – strikes obliterate these benefits.PWC 16, Pricewaterhouse Coopers. "Economic impact of air traffic control strikes in Europe." (2016). (PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP)Elmer Collapse of Trade causes Hotspot Escalation – goes Nuclear.Kampf 20 David Kampf 6-16-2020 "How COVID-19 Could Increase the Risk of War" https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/28843/how-covid-19-could-increase-the-risk-of-war (Senior PhD Fellow at the Center for Strategic Studies at The Fletcher School)Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Cap K vs Anarcho SyndicateTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 2.Strikes have no effect – tech, replacement workers, public influence, employer costs, etc. Independently, only public workers solve strike ineffectiveness, not workers – all worker strikes do is anger the publicWaldersee 17 ~Victoria Waldersee; former Co-Director and Commissioning Editor for Economy; 9-7-2017; "We asked economists whether strikes really work"; Our Economy; https://www.ecnmy.org/engage/we-asked-economists-whether-strikes-really-work/; 11-20-2021~ Miller Illegal strike activity in the status quo solves the affirmative – the aff regulates squo strikes and prevents effective strikesOlivier 10/28 ~Indigo Olivier is a Brooklyn-based freelance journalist covering politics, labor, and higher education. "Striketober: America's workers are rising up", https://conversationalist.org/2021/10/28/striketober-americas-workers-are-rising-up/, published 10-28-21, accessed 11-4-21~ mk Re-Cut Miller Legally recognizing the right to strike renders it ineffective by de-radicalizing movements, decks solvency and turns case.White 18 (, A., 2018. Its Own Dubious Battle: The Impossible Defense of an Effective Right to Strike. ~online~ Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. Available at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles/1261/ ~Accessed 7 November 2021~ Ahmed White is the Nicholas Rosenbaum Professor of Law. Before arriving at the University of Colorado, he was a visitor at Northwestern University in 1999. He has also taught at Villanova Law School. Earlier in his career, Professor White's research focused heavily on the fate of rule of law norms and the rule of law concept in capitalist society, and on the role of criminal law and punishment as mechanisms of social control of the working class. More recently, Professor White's scholarship has taken a more definite historical turn. Much of his work concerns the history of law and labor relations from the early Twentieth Century through the New Deal period, as well as the viability of a functional system of labor rights in liberal society. The subjects of many of his articles over the last decade or so, these themes are central to his recent, acclaimed book, The Last Great Strike: Little Steel, the CIO, and the Struggle for Labor Rights in New Deal America (Oakland: University of California, 2016). They also feature in his second book, tentatively titled The Romance and the Suffering: Law, Violence, and the Tragic Fate of Radical Industrial Unionism in Twentieth Century America, which will be published by the University of California Press in 2021.)-rahulpenu The alternative and ROB are to organize against Racial Capitalism. Interp – evaluate the aff as a scholarly artefact. Fiat is illusory – voting aff doesn't pass the plan but we posture debate for material analysis and base building.Williams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ Ecological Leninism –Malm 20 ~Andreas Malm is associate senior lecturer in human ecology at Lund University. He is author of Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming and Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century. September 2020, "Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century", Verso Books GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Governance is good and inevitable – anarcho syndicate failsRenaux 19 ~Valarie, 5/29/19, Philosophy. Writing on Marxism, eliminativism in philosophy of mind and metaethics, suffering(-focused ethics), and philosophical pessimism, "Marxism and the State", https://medium.com/@valarierenaux/marxism-and-the-state-eeb6ceca4515 GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Case vs Soft Power UnionsTournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Soft PowerAlt Causes to Soft Power Decline – Labor isn't key – 1AC Brand re-cutting1AC Brand 21 ~Brand finance reports on a wide array of domestic and global news stories; news topics include politics/government, business, technology, religion, sports/entertainment, science/nature, and health/lifestyle. "The decline of US soft power? Last year's ranking leader, America plummets down the Global Soft Power Index." May 2, 2021. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-decline-of-us-soft-power-last-years-ranking-leader-america-plummets-down-the-global-soft-power-index-301238970.html~~ US violations of International Labor Standards are inevitable and multiple Alt Causes other than the Right to Strike.Rosenberg 20 Eli Rosenberg 10-7-2020 "U.S. accused of violating international labor laws, forced-labor protections in new complaint" https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/10/08/international-complaint-worker-protections/ (University of California at Los Angeles, BA in American literature and Latin American studies)Elmer Soft Power "Liberal Order" fails and doesn't solve Democracy or War.Dr. Paul Staniland 18, Associate Professor of Political Science and Chair of the Committee on International Relations at the University of Chicago, 7/29/18, "Misreading the 'Liberal Order:' Why We Need New Thinking in American Foreign Policy;" Lawfare, https://www.lawfareblog.com/misreading-liberal-order-why-we-need-new-thinking-american-foreign-policy Multilateralism fails—diverging interests and a lack of faith guarantee cooperation is at best superficialHeribert Dieter 14, Senior Associate at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Visiting Professor for International Political Economy at Zeppelin University, Doctorate in Political Science and Economics, Free University of Berlin, 1/31/14, The G-20 and the Dilemma of Asymmetric Sovereignty – Why Multilateralism Is Failing in Crisis Prevention, International Relations and Security Network, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?lng=enandid=176145 1AC Kromah is about "Hard Power Hegemony?" NOT Soft Power Influence – they don't have a Causal Internal Link – don't give it to themHeg is ineffectiveFettweis 17 – Associate Professor of Political Science at Tulane University (Christopher, "Unipolarity, Hegemony, and the New Peace," Security Studies, 26:3, 423-451, 5-8-2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1306394)//Elmer Primacy is more unstable – our evidence is comparative.Christopher Preble 16, vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute. PhD in History from Temple University. With William Ruger. 2016. "The Problem With Primacy." In "Our Foreign Policy Choices, Rethinking America's Global Role" https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=741072022102024090075118113101083026016056000029024069069123111076082080009064093108016120111006027011049007074022115108007102123042042011081092085100005025006088070001052041101115092080116097001012108114029011071004086091092118120095090091004096029029andEXT=pdf UnionsThis China Innovation scenario is nonsense – yes, the Plan might make the US ahead of China but you don't reverse causally REMOVE China's Bio-terror capabilities.Unions decrease Innovation.Bradley 17, Daniel, Incheol Kim, and Xuan Tian. "Do unions affect innovation?." Management Science 63.7 (2017): 2251-2271. (Department of Finance, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida)Elmer Prefer over 1AC Shin – the line about "no detrimental effect" is a cherry-picked European study – 1NC Bradley is about the US while Shin isa bout Germany and the UK.AT Kuo – 1~ The internal link is not US winning the Tech Race – its China getting access to US genomic data sets – nothing in the Status Quo does that and the Plan definitely doesn't prevent it and 2~ The I/L is about "malicious actors" NOT China forcefully using itChina Tech is Peaceful.Allen 19 (, G., 2019. Understanding China's AI Strategy. ~online~ Cnas.org. Available at: https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/understanding-chinas-ai-strategy ~Accessed 6 September 2021~. Gregory C. Allen is a former Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Center for a New American Security (CNAS) Technology and National Security Program. Mr. Allen focuses on the intersection of Artificial Intelligence, cybersecurity, robotics, space, and national security. His writing and analysis has appeared in the New York Times, The Washington Post, The Economist, Nature, CNN, Foreign Policy, WIRED, and Vox. His report, "Artificial Intelligence and National Security," a study conducted on behalf of the U.S. Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), was published through the Harvard Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.)-rahulpenu No Bioweapons ImpactFilippa Lentzos 17. Senior research fellow jointly appointed in the Departments of War Studies and of Global Health and Social Medicine at King's College London. 07-03-17. "Ignore Bill Gates: Where bioweapons focus really belongs." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. http://thebulletin.org/ignore-bill-gates-where-bioweapons-focus-really-belongs10876 Democracy is Bad:1~ Warming - Democracy destroys the environment – extinction – try or die for authoritarianismDaniel, Poli Sci @ University of Leeds, 12 2~ Democracy causes great power nuclear war – backsliding solvesMuller, director of the Peace Research Institute in Frankfurt, professor of International Relations at Goethe University, 15 Democracy doesn't solve war—-it increases hostility.Ghatak et al. 17—Sam Ghatak is a Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Tennessee Knoxville; Aaron Gold is a PhD Student in Political Science at UT Knoxville; Brandon C. Prins is a Professor and Director of Graduate Studies of Political Science at UT Knoxville ~"External threat and the limits of democratic pacifism," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Vol. 34, No. 2, p. 141-159, Emory Libraries~ Pursuit of democracy now uniqely causes nuclear war with China, Russia, and Iran.Miller 17 (Benjamin; 4/27/17; Professor of International Relations at the School of Political Sciences, The University of Haifa; The International Security Studies Forum; "Policy Series: Will Trumpism increase the Danger of War in the International System?: IR Theory and the Illiberal Turn in World Politics"; https://issforum.org/roundtables/policy/1-5ag-war; DOA: 12/6/17) No DPT –1~ Democratization doesn't lead to peace.Stephen M. Walt, 2017 (professor at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government), June 2, 2017. Retrieved Apr. 14, 2019 from https://bigthink.com/design-for-good/why-promoting-human-rights-may-not-be-the-way-to-a-better-world 2~ DPT either empirically disproven or not statistically significantRosato 11, Sebastian. "On the democratic peace." Chapters (2011). (Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame)Elmer 3~ Autocratic Peace Theory is true – reject your cognitive bias to think otherwiseGartzke and Wesiger 13, Erik, and Alex Weisiger. "Permanent friends? Dynamic difference and the democratic peace." International Studies Quarterly 57.1 (2013): 171-185. (Professor at UPenn in Political Science)Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Court Packing DATournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin The Court is stimulating massive backlash over partisanship BUT sweeping Liberal reforms pacify opposition.Dr. Bruce Peabody 20, Professor of American Politics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, PhD in Government from the University of Texas at Austin, "How the Supreme Court can maintain its legitimacy amid intensifying partisanship", The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/how-the-supreme-court-can-maintain-its-legitimacy-amid-intensifying-partisanship-148126 That prevents Democratic court packing.D. Benjamin Barros 20, Dean and Professor of Law at the University of Toledo School of Law, "How the Democrats can pack the court and de-escalate at the same time", The Hill, https://thehill.com/opinion/judiciary/520190-how-the-democrats-can-pack-the-court-and-de-escalate-at-the-same-time Court packing prevents extinction from environmental tipping points like warming—-AND independently solves: CJR, democracy collapse and reproductive rights.Jay Willis 20, J.D. from Harvard Law School, B.A. in Social Welfare from the University of California, Berkeley, Senior Contributor, The Appeal at The Justice Collaborative, "Expanding the Supreme Court is Not Radical", The Appeal, https://theappeal.org/expand-the-supreme-court/ | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Critical Cartography KTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Space is not static but political – the affirmative's advocacy presupposes the demarcations that make the imperialist encroachment from one nation onto another possible. Borders are not just a part of war, but preconditions for war. This makes the K try or die for the AFF's impacts.Neocleous '03 Focus on achieving "human rights" reinforces racism due to the narrative of the redeemers redeeming themselves by protecting the inferior people. This view causes the movement to fail as the people who need help are alienated and otherized to a position of non-human – makes solvency impossible.Mutua 01' Mutua, Makau. "Savages, victims, and saviors: the metaphor of human rights." Harvard International Law Journal 42.1 (2001): 201-245. Makau W. Mutua is the Dean of the University at Buffalo Law School, where he is also a SUNY Distinguished Professor and the Floyd H. and Hilda L. Hurst Faculty Scholar. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. The alternative is to engage in a crtitical cartography – use the ballot to recognize mapping as a partisan product of power relationsCrampton and Krygier '06 | 12/5/21 |
3 - ND - Hobbes NCTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih Hedonism collapses to moral egoism – even if pleasure is intrinsically good and motivating, it doesn't follow that other subjects pleasure is also intrinsically good1~ Non-sequitur – saying that x is good for me doesn't entail that x is good for everybody.2~ Solipsism – we can't verify if other humans also are experiential subjects or are just fleshy objects.3~ Disagreements – even if pleasure is good, humans always disagree with what is pleasurable, empirically proven by impact-calc in util debates.Moral egoism means relativism which they can't solve1~ Schmagency – even if we know what is ethical, there's no reason that we are bound to ethical behavior.2~ Application – even if we agree on what is ethical, we'll still disagree on what the best way on how to maximize ethical outcomes.The solution is the sovereign – we must surrender moral judgement.Williams Williams, Michael C. (Professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Ottawa). "Hobbes and International Relations: A Reconsideration." International Organization, Volume 50, Number 2, pgs. 218-220. Spring 1996. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2704077**. Cho recut from PZ Outweighs util1~ Solves skepA~ Relativism – the sovereign can arbitrate their truths as objective which secures moral certaintyB~ Linguistic – obligations are always up to interpretation which means we can never follow them, like how the bible or constitution are heavily debated on. Surrendering judgement solves by declaring the sovereign's interpretation as objectively true.2~ Solves state of nature – infinite violence occurs over attempts to be the creator of meaning, the sovereign solves by eliminating all disagreementsThat outweighs:A~ Abduction – even if util is true and motivating, they can't explain why we don't follow it. Answering this negates – If we were actually motivated by utilitarian obligations then the squo would be the best state of affairs.B~ hijacks lexical pre-req – even if util is true we can't ever use it because we fear for our bodily security.NegateA sovereign can't be obligated to recognize anything because they are the ones who choose what to recognize. My offense o/ws on specificity because only our fw answers the question of what a just government is. Their definition of government can't solve skep which proves it isn't capable of being just. | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - Just Gov NCTournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Adam Mimou | Judge: panel Presumption and permissibility negates – a) more often false than true since I can prove something false in infinite ways b) real world policies require positive justification before being adopted c) the aff has to prove an obligation which means lack of that obligation negates d) resolved in the resolution indicates they proactively did something, to negate that means that they aren't resolved e) winning the nc proves since otherwise we'd be blindly deceived when skeptical f) to negate means to deny the truth of which means if the aff is false you vote neg g) permissibility can't affirm since then anything would be ok which would justify racism – we should be safe and do nothing.just means morally upright.Google No Date ~"just". Google. No Date. Accessed 10/1/21. https://www.google.com/search?q=just+definitionandrlz=1C1CHBF_enUS877US877andoq=just+definitionandaqs=chrome..69i57j69i60l3.2304j0j7andsourceid=chromeandie=UTF-8 Xu~ Aff doesn't have inherency so vote on presumption. A just government would already do the plan if the plan is the most moral thing to do which means that under util their aff just defends the squo. Double-bind either just governments exist and act morally in the squo or the squo isn't moral so just governments don't exist which means the aff is impossible | 12/5/21 |
3 - ND - Racial Capitalism KTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Westview JO | Judge: KASSIE COLN The utilization of strikes is a reformist smokescreen that reinforces capitalist labor-relations.IP 16 ~Note – the website cntrl c+v is weird so there might be a misspelled word (like "down" to "clown") or a misplaced comma or period. I'm not sure how to fix it but please let me know if you do! Internationalist Perspective (left-communist publication defending Marxism as a living theory and critiquing left-communist theory). "Trade unions: pillars of capitalism - Internationalist Perspective". LibCom. 1/5/16. Accessed 11/12/21. https://libcom.org/library/trade-unions-pillars-capitalism-internationalist-perspective Recut Xu from Majeed~ The will to secure civil society against the crises of financialization is parasitic on black exploitation and death - Racial capitalism requires predatory lending, financial states of exception, automated processing, extraction, confinement, and gratuitous violenceWang 18 ~Jackie, PhD African-American Studies @ Harvard, "Carceral Capitalism" p. 63-85ak47~ Resource competition and wealth extraction under Racial Capitalism produces fascism, endless war and environmental destructionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a material analysis based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles. Interp – the 1AC is an object of research - the role of the neg is to refuse that objectWilliams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - Racial Capitalism K vIndiaTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard The utilization of strikes is a reformist smokescreen that reinforces capitalist labor-relations.IP 16 ~Note – the website cntrl c+v is really weird so there might be a misspelled word (like "down" to "clown") or a misplaced comma or period. I'm not sure how to fix it but please let me know if you do! Internationalist Perspective (left-communist publication defending Marxism as a living theory and critiquing left-communist theory). "Trade unions: pillars of capitalism - Internationalist Perspective". LibCom. 1/5/16. Accessed 11/12/21. https://libcom.org/library/trade-unions-pillars-capitalism-internationalist-perspective Recut Xu from Majeed~ The will to secure civil society against the crises of financialization is parasitic on black exploitation and death - Racial capitalism requires predatory lending, financial states of exception, automated processing, extraction, confinement, and gratuitous violenceWang 18 ~Jackie, PhD African-American Studies @ Harvard, "Carceral Capitalism" p. 63-85ak47~ Resource competition and wealth extraction under Racial Capitalism produces fascism, endless war and environmental destructionRobinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, "Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism" The World Financial Review) The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a material analysis based on the scientific formulation of Maoist principles.Williams 18 ~Carine, 7/30/18, "Why Black People Need Maoism in 2018", The Hampton Institute, http://www.hamptoninstitution.org/why-black-people-need-maoism.html~~#.XWwv7ZNKh0s KZaidi~ Red innovation and central planning solve everythingNieto and Mateo 20 ~Maxi Nieto is a PhD is sociology from the University of Elche and writer for Ciber Comunismo and Juan Pablo Mateo is a visiting scholar in the department of Economics at The New School, New York and economics professor at the University of Valladolid (Spain). January 2020, "Dynamic Efficiency in a Planned Economy: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Without Markets", Science and Society, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338327276_Dynamic_Efficiency_in_a_Planned_Economy_Innovation_and_Entrepreneurship_Without_Markets gbs jacobs and majeed~ Ecological Leninism solves warmingMalm 20 ~Andreas Malm is associate senior lecturer in human ecology at Lund University. He is author of Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming and Corona, Climate, Chronjavascript:void(null);ic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century. September 2020, "Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century", Verso Books GBS Majeed and Jacobs~ Cap causes conflict over limited resources and funds war chest which increases the expected value of engagementRobinson '17 (William; is professor of sociology, global studies and Latin American studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara; April 19th; "Global Capitalist Crisis and Trump's War Drive"; https://truthout.org/articles/global-capitalist-crisis-and-trump-s-war-drive/; accessed 3/25/19; MSCOTT) | 11/21/21 |
3 - ND - Sua SponteTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih The aff is sua sponte – it makes a decision in absence of arguments presented before the court – that crushes court legitimacyMilani and Smith 02 (Adam and Michael, both are Assistant Professors, Mercer University School of Law, "Playing God: A Critical Look at Sua Sponte Decisions by Appellate Courts," 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, Winter, lexis) Court legitimacy is key to effectively combat terrorismShapiro 3 (Jeremy, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Brookings institute - Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe, Project on International Order and Strategy, 3-1-2003, "French Lessons: The Importance of the Judicial System in Fighting Terrorism", The Brookings Institute, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/french-lessons-the-importance-of-the-judicial-system-in-fighting-terrorism/) Nuclear terrorism causes extinctionHellman 8 (Martin, emeritus prof of engineering @ Stanford, "Risk Analysis of Nuclear Deterrence" SPRING 2008 THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, http://www.nuclearrisk.org/paper.pdf) | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND - T ATournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Durham SA | Judge: Bernard Interpretation—the aff may not specify a just governmentA is an generic indefinite singular. Cohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf Rules readings are always generalized – specific instances are not consistent. lCohen 01Ariel Cohen (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev), "On the Generic Use of Indefinite Singulars," Journal of Semantics 18:3, 2001 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/188590876.pdf** That outweighs—only our evidence speaks to how indefinite singulars are interpreted in the context of normative statements like the resolution. This means throw out aff counter-interpretations that are purely descriptiveViolation—they specified IndiaVote neg:1~ Precision –any deviation justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution.2~ Limits—specifying a just government offers huge explosion in the topic since they get permutations of more than 50 just governments in the world depending on their definition of just government. Neg positions like the Economy DA, Advantage CPs, etc. are jettisoned when the aff specifies a country that we don't have specific ev to.3~ TVA solves – read the aff as advantage – most authors advocate for a change in a strike writ largeTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations – it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare forNo RVIs—it's your burden to be topical. Anything else chills real abuseT before 1ar Theory – norms – we only have a couple months to set t norms but can debate about condo, pics, etc. all we want every topic which ow/s | 11/21/21 |
3 - ND - T UnconditionalTournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Austin SFA Lola Shmeis | Judge: Ben Erdmann 1.1~ Interpretation: The affirmative must defend an unconditional right to strike. This means that the Affirmative must defend that anyone regardless of job or occupation has a fundamental right to strike.Merriam Webster ND, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unconditional sid 2~ Violation – They only grant the Right to Strike to ~mass workers against capitlism~. That by definition is a condition since they condition the right to strike on a particular occupation.Jensen '18 (Eric; co-director of the Stanford Rule of Law Program, in collaboration with USAID, The Asia Foundation, and Stanford Law School; April 2018; "Introduction to the Laws of Timor-Leste"; Stanford Law School; https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Timor-Leste-Constitutional-Rights.pdf; Accessed: 10-30-2021; AU) 3~ Standards –a~ Limits – there are endless conditions the aff can place on the right to strike – i.e based on occupation, national holidays, location of strike, etc. That makes the topic untenable since the Aff can just infinitely specify any condition or permutation of conditions which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible.b~ Neg Ground – specifying scenarios lets affs spike out of core, reduction-based disads like Bizcon and Small Businesses. Links are already non-existent on this topic – letting affs impose restrictions on RTS makes it even narrower.4~ TVA – establish a right to strike and read Teacher Unions as an Advantage.5~ Paradigm Issues –a~ Topicality is Drop the Debater – it's a fundamental baseline for debate-ability.b~ Use Competing Interps – 1~ Topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical and 2~ Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.c~ No RVI's - 1~ Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2~ Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3~ Illogical – you shouldn't win for not being abusive. | 12/4/21 |
3 - ND - Transit Strikes DATournament: UT | Round: 5 | Opponent: Anderson Hendrix | Judge: Truman Le Transportation Strikes are low now due to Federal Strike Bans.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Transit Strikes cause mass damage that far outweighs any benefits – specifically causes high Air Pollution by causing shifts to Personal Traffic.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Stable Mass Transit solves Transport Emissions which cause Warming.Thanks Sam for Finding Warming causes ExtinctionKareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer | 12/8/21 |
3 - ND - Transit Strikes PICTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit KS | Judge: Tajaih Plan text: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional worker's right to strike except for Essential Workers.Essential Workers includes Public Transportation.Weiss 2k, Marley S. "The right to strike in essential services under United States labor law." (2000). (Professor of Law, University of Maryland School of Law.)Elmer CP solves the Aff – CIL is a conditioned RTS that excludes Essential Workers – the CP aligns the US w/ all of ILO mandate – here's 1AC Brudney.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ sid Transportation Strikes are low now due to Federal Strike Bans.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Transit Strikes cause mass damage that far outweighs any benefits – specifically causes high Air Pollution by causing shifts to Personal Traffic.Bauernschuster et Al 17, Stefan, Timo Hener, and Helmut Rainer. "When labor disputes bring cities to a standstill: The impact of public transit strikes on traffic, accidents, air pollution, and health." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9.1 (2017): 1-37. (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Passau, Innstra)Elmer Stable Mass Transit solves Transport Emissions which cause Warming.Thanks Sam for Finding Warming causes Extinction – crossapp their extinction evWe get one condo pic vs an aff that specs the US – definding one government forces debates to the margins and Neg should be able to try and see what sticks. Aff spec means they get to choose exactly what they defend so they should be able to justify every single thing that the aff does. | 11/20/21 |
3 - ND Congress CPTournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Michael Stuckert | Judge: Nevin The United States Congress should recognize an unconditional worker's Right to Strike by passing the Protecting the Right to Organize Act. The United States Congress should cite International Labor Accords as the justification for it's decision.CP citing International Law solves Opino Juris – all it needs to do is cite the Law as a justification.====Solves the Aff – Congress has authority.==== The issue with RTS isn't legality – it's legislative loopholes, which only Congress can amend – Circumvention turn to the Aff.Reddy '21 (Diana; contributor to The Yale Law Journal; 1-6-2021; "'There Is no Such Thing as an Illegal Strike': Reconceptualizing the Strike in Law and Political Economy"; The Yale Law Journal; https://www.yalelawjournal.org/forum/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-illegal-strike-reconceptualizing-the-strike-in-law-and-political-economy; Accessed: 10-30-2021; AU) | 12/4/21 |
4 - JF - Egoism NCTournament: Strake | Round: Semis | Opponent: Pranav Kaginele | Judge: Sam Azbel, Ben Erdmann, Amadea Datel 1NC – HijackWe're hijacking synthetic a posteriori moral naturalismThe 1AC syllogism is not very clear but we'll define what their words means a bit more clearly for themTheir Author Lutz, Matthew and Lenman, James, "Moral Naturalism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/naturalism-moral/. Cho This means that their framework is entirely contingent on the empirical investigation of moral claims and the verifiability of those investigations. I agree that empirical investigation is the only way to synthesize moral claims that are supervened by naturalism. However, these investigations are unverifiable.First – Cartesian Skepticism. Brain in a vat means that even if they are right about how morality works, we can't know if the circumstances observed in our brain equate to natural propertiesChapman summarizes descarte 14 ~Andrew Chapman (lecturer in philosophy at the University of Colorado, Boulder). "External World Skepticism". 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology. 6 FEBRUARY 2014. Accessed 12/11/21. https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2014/02/06/external-world-skepticism/ Xu~ Second – Bonini paradox means modeling the brain is physically and empirically impossibleWikipedia ~Brackets Original. "Bonini's paradox". Wikipedia. No Date. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonini27s_paradox Houston Memorial DX~ Third – Scientific hypothesis can never disprove false positives which means conclusions impossibleNickles, Thomas. (Philosopher @ University of Nevada, Reno) "Falsifiability." New Dictionary of the History of Ideas. 2005. , https://elearning.shisu.edu.cn/pluginfile.php/35320/mod_resource/content/1/Falsifiability2028Introduction29.pdf /AHS PB Fourth – Paradox of scientific induction means that scientific truth is impossibleBlack's quotes Hume ~Brackets Original. David Hume (Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, librarian and essayist). "The Paradox of Induction". Black's Academy. No Date. Accessed 12/18/21. https://www.blacksacademy.net/pages/px-015-pxqekj-paradox-induction.php Xu~ Thus, the counter-standard is consistency with solipsistic egoistic act hedonism utilitarianism.Prefer1~ 1 risk of solipsism being true under util means that we are ethically obligated to egoism. If you are the only person that exists then the pleasure you experience is the sum total of pleasure of universe which means it definitely outweighsMilan Griffes, 20 ~Milan Griffes, (Milan Griffes posts about ethics, contemplative practice, social phenomena, and interesting tidbits from things I'm reading.)~. "Average utilitarianism implies solipsistic egoism" (Tarsney 2020)." 4-29-2020, Accessed 12-19-2021. https://for um.effectivealtruism.org/posts/22TXQ5Ai6ix6k6XbT/link-average-utilitarianism-implies-solipsistic-egoism Cho 2~ Darwinian dilemma – Evolution means we are all ethical egoistsThayer 2000 Bradley A., Former Research Fellow, International Security Program, Associate Professor of Defense and Strategic Study, Missouri State University, International Security, 01622889, Fall2000, Vol. 25, Issue 2 ""Bringing in Darwin: Evolutionary Theory, Realism, and International Politics" That negates1~ Egoism means that theft and appropriation for self-interests are morally obligatoryNobis summarizes egoism ND (The author doesn't agree with egoism but explains what egoism would conclude in) ~Nathan Nobis; Teaching Philosophy. 1000-Word Philosophy. Animals and Ethics 101; No Date; "Ethical Egoism"; 1000-Word Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology; https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2020/02/02/ethical-egoism/; 12-18-2021~ Miller 2~ We cognitively prefer the squo over pleasurable experiencesHenderson 16, Rob. 2016. "How Powerful Is Status Quo Bias?" Psychology Today. Retrieved April 19, 2019 (https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/after-service/201609/how-powerful-is-status-quo-bias).//SS | 12/19/21 |
4 - JF - ITV NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying I defend an interest-relational theory of value, which means all normativity can be reduced to contingent interests we hold.~1~ There's no such thing as objective goodness, even indexed to an object. A good car for a farmer isn't good for an Uber driver.~2~ Interest-transcendent reasons are intuitively ridiculous, not real world and phenomenologically suspect – if I asked you why you wouldn't punch your best friend for a dollar, you wouldn't appeal to some deep normative obligation – you have a strong interest in your friend's wellbeing.~3~ Centuries of indeterminable moral debate is good evidence there's not a right answer. Arguing morality is a lot more like arguing for your favorite song than scientific method.~4~ Best for fighting oppression insofar as the root cause of all oppression is a group claiming superiority on an objective basis, which my framework undermines by saying there isn't an objective morality.Additionally prefer1~ We hijack your method—the only way to creolize is when we understand people's individual interests which actually form that fluid subjectivity—anything else is the elimination of difference which turns case2~ Best for subjectivity – rejection of a singular unified view of the human subject demands that we not impose an absolute moral truth upon the Other.I defend the squo and negate –First, the rez is indexed to private entities – by identifies "identifying the agent performing an action" and is specific to appropriation through private entities.Second, "A private entity relies on a small group of chosen investors in order to grow and fund their business. This could be employees, colleagues, friends, family, or even large institutional investors. Interested parties are able to support the private entity in order to help the company grow."That's QT Company 20 ~"What Are Private Entities?". Quest Trust Company (custodian of self-directed IRAs located in Houston, Austin, and Dallas, Texas with clients Nationwide. Quest Trust Company, is the leading provider of self-directed retirement account administration services. Quest Trust Company has been in business since 2003 with over $2 Billion in assets under management. As a neutral party, Quest Trust Company does not offer any investments and therefore has no conflicts of interest with what our clients want to do with their IRAs). September 28, 2020. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.questtrustcompany.com/2020/09/28/what-are-private-entities/ Xu~ Appropriation means "incorporation by joining or uniting" which is consistent with the form of private entities.That's Vocabulary.com ~"appropriation". Vocabulary.com. No Date. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/appropriation Xu~ | 1/15/22 |
4 - JF - Innovation DATournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ailsa Sun | Judge: Derek Ying Space Commercialization drives Tech Innovation in the Status Quo – it provides a unique impetus.Hampson 17 Joshua Hampson 1-25-2017 "The Future of Space Commercialization" https://republicans-science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf (Security Studies Fellow at the Niskanen Center)Elmer Strong Innovation solves Extinction.Matthews 18 Dylan Matthews 10-26-2018 "How to help people millions of years from now" https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good (Co-founder of Vox, citing Nick Beckstead @ Rutgers University)Re-cut by Elmer Extinction o/w under Deleuze – 1~ sequencing to affective experiences 2~ it's a negative affectInnovation o/w – 1~ create new affective experiences 2~ embrace creativity | 1/15/22 |
4 - JF - Must Define Private EntitiesTournament: Strake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kyren Khairah | Judge: Isaac Chao Interp: The affirmative must define "private entities" in a delimited text in the 1AC."Private Entities" are flexible and has too many interps – normal means shows no consensus and makes the round irresolvable since the judge doesn't know how to compare between types of offense and o/w since it's a side constraint on decision making.UpCounsel ND ~"Private Entity: Everything You Need to Know". UpCounsel (interactive online service that makes it faster and easier for businesses to find and hire legal help). No Date. Accessed 12/17/21. https://www.upcounsel.com/private-entity Xu~ Violation – you don't.Prefer –1~ Stable Advocacy – they can redefine in the 1AR to wriggle out of DA's which kills high-quality engagement and becomes two ships passing in the night – triggers presumption since the aff wasn't subject to well researched scrutiny. We lose access to Tech Race DA's, Asteroid DA's, basic case turns, and core process counter plans that have different definitions and 1NC pre-round prep.2~ Ground – not defining hurts my strategy since they can shift out as I ask DA questions, so I err on the side of caution and read generics which get destroyed by AC frontlines.3~ Real World – Policy makers will always define the entity that they are recognizing. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, private entities can circumvent since there is no delineated way to enforce the aff and means their solvency can't actualize.OSspec isn't regressive or arbitrary – its core topic lit for what happens when the aff is implemented and cannot be discounted from policies that require enforcement to function.Fairness is a voter debate is a competitive activity that requires objective evaluationTopicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations a~ it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for b~ reasonability is arbitrary and incentivizes judge interventionNo RVIs—a~ it's your burden to be topical. Anything else chills real abuse b~ forces theory debaters to bait theory and win on it every time | 12/18/21 |
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