Harvard Westlake Feldman Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| greenhill fall classic | 2 | strake jesuit dl | alex dumas |
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| greenhill fall classic | 3 | proof dr | tarun ratnasbapathy |
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| greenhill fall classic | 5 | harrison aa | jyleesa hampton |
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| loyola invitational | 3 | bergen county academies ak | abhishek rao |
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| loyola invitational | 1 | troy independent ap | donny peters |
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| loyola invitational | 6 | oa independent vm | danielle dosch |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| greenhill fall classic | 2 | Opponent: strake jesuit dl | Judge: alex dumas 1ac - kant pandemics |
| greenhill fall classic | 3 | Opponent: proof dr | Judge: tarun ratnasbapathy 1ac - evergreening |
| greenhill fall classic | 5 | Opponent: harrison aa | Judge: jyleesa hampton 1ac - insulin |
| loyola invitational | 3 | Opponent: bergen county academies ak | Judge: abhishek rao 1ac - us covid |
| loyola invitational | 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters 1ac - rhetorical decolonization |
| loyola invitational | 6 | Opponent: oa independent vm | Judge: danielle dosch 1ac - us covid |
| x | Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x osourced penny pic ! |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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0 - contact infoTournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x fb message for the aff/if there's anything you want changed ab disclosure/to send me pictures of your pets if you don't want to use fb email me at ofeldman1@hwemail.com or text me at (323) 365-4111 open sourcing every round + cites unless the aff i read is identical to a previous version | 9/5/21 |
1 - utilTournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: strake jesuit dl | Judge: alex dumas The standard is maximizing expected well being. Prefer –1~ Only pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuable – all other frameworks collapse.Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. 2~ No act omission distinction –A~ Psychology — choosing to omit is an act itself – people decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omissionB~ Actor specificity – governments are uniquely culpable for omissions cuz their purpose is to protect their constituency – otherwise they would have no obligation to make murder illegal – actor specificity outweighs cuz different actors have different moral obligationsThat justifies util –A~ Only util can escape culpability in the instance of tradeoffs – eg only consequences could resolve the trolley problem because no matter your choice you’d be ethically responsible for killing under a deontological theoryB~ It means we’re responsible for impacts like the aff if we let them happenIf they contest this arg, auto negate – omitting from an action would always be an ethical choice whereas there’s a risk that doing the aff is unethical3~ Weighability – only consequentialism can explain the ethical difference in breaking a promise to take someone to the hospital and breaking a promise to take someone to lunch – that outweighs –A~ Resolvability – there’s no way to weigh between competing offense under their fw which means their fw can’t guide action – outweighs cuz it’s a pre req to deciding the debateB~ Intuitions – they’re a necessary side constraint on all ethics – if a very well justified, logical theory concluded "genocide good" you wouldn’t say "huh I guess genocide is good" you would abandon it because philosophy follows intuitions not the other way around4~ No intent foresight distinction — if we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen —A~ Proves util because we’re ethically culpable for the consequences of our actionsB~ Means our offense operates under their FW – killing from bioterror is bad and not universalizable obviously5~ Tradeoffs are inevitable — governments are forced to make decide between tradeoffs ie welfare for the rich and welfare for the poor which means they’re forced to aggregate – we did actor spec ow above6~ Preserving life is a pre requisite to the ideal conditions their theory assumes — all value stems from experienced wellbeing.7~ Substitutability—only consequentialism explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ AND explain moral substitutability if it claims that properties like this provide moral reasons. 8~ Reject mind dependent ethics –A~ If morality doesn’t exist outside of how humans cohere of it, it collapses to moral relativism, which is repugnant cuz it denies objective moral truthB~ Governments aren’t individual people which means they don’t have minds or intents – outweighs on actor specificity | 9/18/21 |
1- extinction firstTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters 1. Probability doesn’t mean disregard extinction. It means make us explain why it’s likely.2. Future generations have intrinsic value that make preventing extinction the most important goal of policy.Matheny, PhD, ‘07 (Jason G., PhDAppliedEcon@JohnHopkins, "Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction," Risk Analysis, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2007, DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2007.00960.x) BW AND be reasonable to take extraordinary measures to protect humanity from the same.19 3. Magnitude first- epistemic perfection is impossible because the nature of risk-calculus is imperfect, but still necessary because we can’t afford to be wrong once-precautionary principle= default AND thresholds, this view allows a very workable approach to achieving safe progress. | 9/4/21 |
1- new affs badTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters Interp: The affirmative must disclose the plan text and advantage area if they break new.They didn’t—see screenshot Standards –1. Clash – having no idea what the debate will be about makes being neg impossible – the aff gets plan text choice and infinite prep to craft the most strategic case. No disclosure makes this impossible to overcome b/c it means the neg only gets 4 mins of prep to answer a strategy that they had a full month for. they’ll say generics, but their model of debate means the neg has no time to cut an update to their generics specific to the AFF and we’ll lose every debate.2. Discourages tricks – plan text disclosure discourages cheap shot aff’s. If the aff isn’t inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, the case should lose. The neg is entitled to some research time to make sure the AFF is inherent, topical, and controversial. Otherwise bad AFF’s can win on purely surprise factor, which is a bad model b/c it encourages finding the most fringe surprising case possible instead of a well researched and defensible aff.Vote on substantive engagement: otherwise we’re speaking without debating and there’s nothing to separate us from dueling oratory. It also creates the most valuable long-term skills since we need to learn how to defend our beliefs in any context, like politics.Drop the debater on new affs: Their lack of disclosure makes substance irreparable b/c our entire argument is that we did not have a basis to engage the aff to begin with.Competing interps since reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention based on preference rather than argumentation and encourages a race to the bottom in which debaters exploit a judge’s tolerance for questionable argumentation. | 9/4/21 |
1- t frameworkTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters A. Interpretation: the affirmative may only garner offense from the hypothetical enactment of the resolution.Violation: They don’t meet--offense comes from things other than planOur interp is compatible with them reading whole res about colonialism B. Our OffenseThey destroy engagement – predictable stasis ensures research accessibility and negative ground. Even if public policy isn’t the best focus for activism, it’s crucial for dialogue because it’s grounded in consistent reporting and academic work.Two impacts -1) Changing the topic post facto structurally favors the aff by manipulating balance of prep – vote neg because debate is a competitive game that’s meaningless without substantive constraints.2) Also key to have well-prepared opponents. Exclusionary rule: They transform debate into a monologue which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subjected to well researched scrutiny.Their model creates a structural disincentive to substantial research. Failure to defend the actor and mechanism of the resolution allows them to shift their advocacy to the terms most favorable to them – causes dogmatism and forces the neg into generics at the margins of the literature – destroys good scholarship.C. Drop the debater on T – the round is already skewed from the beginning because their advocacy excluded my ability to generate NC offense– letting them sever doesn’t solve any of the abuseTheory is an issue of competing interpretations because reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention based on preference rather than argumentation and encourages a race to the bottom in which debaters will exploit a judge’s tolerance for questionable argumentation. | 9/4/21 |
so - cp - abolish wtoTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: oa independent vm | Judge: danielle dosch Text: The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished. The United States ought to independently and without influence from international government reduce IP protection for COVID-19Hawley, senator, JD Yale, 20 AND World Trade Organization. We should abolish it. Eliminating the WTO ends U.S. global hegemonyBello, PhD, 2000 AND the pace of technological and industrial development in the rest of the world. Primacy causes endless war, terror, authoritarianism, prolif, and Russia-China aggression.Ashford, PhD, 19 AND strategies better suited to an era of bipolar superpower competition. | 9/5/21 |
so - cp - abolish wto v2Tournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: strake jesuit dl | Judge: alex dumas Text: The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished. The states which are currently members of the World Trade Organization (listed in the speech doc) ought to independently and without influence from international government reduce intellectual property protections for medicines during pandemics.Afghanistan Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini European Union (formerly EC) Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe AND World Trade Organization. We should abolish it. That’s key to stopping China’s rise.Hawley, senator, JD Yale, 20 AND partners to resist Chinese economic imperialism. China is a revisionist power and rise triggers war with the U.S. – history, rhetoric, and valuesChoi, PhD, 18 AND traditional security issues including territorial disputes. | 9/18/21 |
so - cp - abolish wto v3Tournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: harrison aa | Judge: jyleesa hampton Text: The World Trade Organization ought to be abolished. The states which are currently members of the World Trade Organization (listed in the speech doc) ought to independently and without influence from international government reduce intellectual property protections for diabetes medicines.Afghanistan Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia, Plurinational State of Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Eswatini European Union (formerly EC) Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait, the State of Kyrgyz Republic Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lesotho Liberia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova, Republic of Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Macedonia Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe The WTO as an institution is unethical and perpetuates colonialismGodrej 20 AND world – were living on less than $5.50 a day. | 9/19/21 |
so - cp - china distributeTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: bergen county academies ak | Judge: abhishek rao Text: The People’s Republic of China should offer Chinese developed vaccines and medical technology related to COVID-19 to the world for free.The CP massively ramps up Chinese "vaccine diplomacy" which solves the caseJuecheng and Yuwei 8-13-21 AND production, boosting fair distribution, and licensing local production in more countries. Successful vaccine diplomacy is key to overall Chinese Soft PowerHuang, PhD, 3-11-21 AND . In reality, Chinese vaccines are often priced higher than $10. Chinese leadership solves extinction.Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 AND , refugees, climate change and public hygiene by debt forgiveness and assistance. | 9/4/21 |
so - cp - reformTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: oa independent vm | Judge: danielle dosch Text: The WTO and the United Nations should recommit to a moratorium on internet customs duties and promote women’s economic rights and the member nations of the WTO ought to:-Donate $2.6 billion to COVAX Combined WTO and UN action is the best way to boost WTO legitimacy and preserve faith in trade institutionsMurphy-Gregory 15 AND about how to mobilise the WTO’s existing architecture. The CP solves the aff; COVAX is struggling, but support will allow them to mend existing access inequalities—also prevents WTO collapseSamuel 5/20/21 (Sigal Samuel is a Senior Reporter for Vox's Future Perfect and Co-Host of the Future Perfect podcast. She writes about artificial intelligence, neuroscience, climate change, and the intersection of technology with ethics and religion. Samuel, Sigal. "Why Covax, the Fund to Vaccinate the World, Is Struggling." Vox. Vox, May 20, 2021. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22440986/covax-challenges-covid-19-vaccines-global-inequity.)//HW-Max Lee AND got this beautiful machine," he said. "Put it to work." | 9/5/21 |
so - cp - uhcTournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: proof dr | Judge: tarun ratnasbapathy Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to implement single payer, universal national health insurance programsSolves the aff - single payer health care stops evergreening, promotes innovation and eliminates financial burdens on consumersNarayanan 19 AND . Medicare for All would usher in a new era of medical innovation. | 9/19/21 |
so - cp - uhc vs insulinTournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: harrison aa | Judge: jyleesa hampton The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to implement a universal healthcare system including free insulinIP isn’t the problem stopping insulin access or the bad innovation discussed in Hanson, it’s long standing corruption that forces any entering companies to have extremely long and expensive trialsGoozner PhD 20 AND end the patent games drug companies use to delay generics entering the market. Implementing a UHC system gets insulin to the uninsuredGoozner PhD 20 AND access to timely, acceptable, and affordable health care of appropriate quality." Insulin needs to be made free DIRECTLY – even after IP removal, likely new laws + industry subsidies to keep big pharma in powerGoozner PhD 20 AND Boston, and San Francisco/Silicon Valley) that are heavily Democratic. | 9/19/21 |
so - da - innovationTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: bergen county academies ak | Judge: abhishek rao Pharma profits are up from COVID vaccines in particular, patent waivers threaten thisBuchholz 5-17-21 AND almost $428 million accrued in the first nine months of the year. Strong IP protection spurs innovation by encouraging risk-taking and incentivizing knowledge sharing — prefer statistical analysis of multiple studiesEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, vice president and global innovation policy @ ITIF, BS Georgetown School of Foreign Service. Nigel Cory, associate director covering trade policy @ ITIF, MA public policy @ Georgetown. "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-25-2019, accessed 8-25-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally~~ HWIC AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterrorMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~Sonja Marjanovic Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, accessed 8-8-2021, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ HWIC AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. That causes extinction, which outweighs.Millett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed AND and Japan using plague to cause an epidemic in China during WWII.27 | 9/4/21 |
so - da - innovation vs evergreeningTournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: proof dr | Judge: tarun ratnasbapathy Pharma profits are up from COVID vaccines, patent waivers threaten thisBuchholz 5-17-21 AND almost $428 million accrued in the first nine months of the year. IPR barriers decrease innovation—pharma is already in a tough spot and the Aff will make it impossible for companies to take risks and create new medicines.Collier 13 AND to encourage people to take these risks and to bring new things forward." Big pharma relies on evergreening as a major source of profit—empirics prove.Chandler 15
AND focus on incremental drugs."124 Hence, the new business model.125 Strong IP protection spurs innovation by encouraging risk-taking and incentivizing knowledge sharing — prefer statistical analysis of multiple studiesEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, vice president and global innovation policy @ ITIF, BS Georgetown School of Foreign Service. Nigel Cory, associate director covering trade policy @ ITIF, MA public policy @ Georgetown. "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-25-2019, accessed 8-25-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally~~ HWIC AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 | 9/19/21 |
so - da - trademarksTournament: greenhill fall classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: harrison aa | Judge: jyleesa hampton Counterfeit medicines related to insulin are prevalent in the squo and disproportionately affect oppressed peoples – AFF agrees in Konrad 17Cheng BA LLB 09 AND purchased the bogus strips, but there were no reports of injuries.17 Counterfeits for hormones like insulin have the wrong amount of API – literally killing patients who think they are being treatedWilliams PharmD and MSPH 14 AND global health, the growing threat of counterfeit medications may begin to decline. IP includes trademarksWIPO: World Intellectual Property Organization ~UN agency that specifically deals with IP law~ "What is Intellectual Property (IP)?" WIPO, https://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en AA AND system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation can flourish. Trademark is the single effective preventative measure against counterfeit medicine, removal would explode the counterfeit drug market hurting diabetes prevention globallyKonski 08 AND , a strong trademark is the strongest intellectual property tool for combating counterfeiting. | 9/19/21 |
so - k - east-westTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters Their criticisms of the "West" only reify the metageographic concept that the world can be compartmentalized into neat sections of West and Rest, and that certain ideals of rationality, control, militarism, etc can be properly spatialized and contained by a simplified set of geographical coordinates —Ultimately rhetorics that disparage the West and celebrate the rest end up reinforcing the colonizer’s model of the world. Lewis and Wigen 97. AND in the form of rhetoric that disparages the West and celebrates the rest. Reject the Aff—it uncritically embraces the geographical myth of the "West". This is not a naïve mistake, but is rather an instrument of ideological power that maintains American exceptionalism while ignoring the rootedness of such concepts as the "West" in military thinking. These systems of thought must be actively challenged and thrust into academic scholarship and debates.Lewis and Wigen 97. AND granted "regions" of the world were first framed by military thinkers. | 9/4/21 |
so - pic - resolutionTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: troy independent ap | Judge: donny peters I affirm rhetorical decolonization and the entirety of the 1AC with the exception of reducing intellectual property protections for medicines in the member nations of the World Trade Organization.Pharma profits are up from COVID vaccines, patent waivers threaten thisBuchholz 5-17-21 AND almost $428 million accrued in the first nine months of the year. Strong IP protection spurs innovation by encouraging risk-taking and incentivizing knowledge sharing — prefer statistical analysis of multiple studiesEzell and Cory 19 ~Stephen Ezell, vice president and global innovation policy @ ITIF, BS Georgetown School of Foreign Service. Nigel Cory, associate director covering trade policy @ ITIF, MA public policy @ Georgetown. "The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally," Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 4-25-2019, accessed 8-25-2021, https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally~~ HWIC AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterrorMarjanovic and Feijao 20 ~Sonja Marjanovic Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitative biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis," RAND Corporation, 05-2020, accessed 8-8-2021, https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html~~ HWIC AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. That causes extinction, which outweighs.Millett and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. "Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity," Health Security, 15(4), PubMed AND and Japan using plague to cause an epidemic in China during WWII.27 | 9/4/21 |
so - t - cant spec stateTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: bergen county academies ak | Judge: abhishek rao Interp and violation: "The member nations" denotes the totality of member nations in the WTO. The aff may not defend a subset of WTO member nations ought to reduce IP protections for medicines.Sharvy 80 ~Richard Sharvy, philosopher. "A More General Theory of Definite Descriptions on JSTOR," The Philosophical Review, Vol. 89, No. 4, Oct. 1980, accessed 8-22-2021, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2184738~~ HWIC AND it is to indicate totality; implication of uniqueness is a side effect. Semantic tests determine whether statements are generic or existential –Leslie and Lerner 16 ~Sarah-Jane Leslie (Ph.D., Princeton, 2007) is the dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. She has previously served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. She is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Psychology, the University Center for Human Values, the Program in Gender and Sexuality Studies, and the Kahneman-Treisman Center for Behavioral Science and Public Policy~, and Adam Lerner, Ph.D, Postgraduate Research Associate in the Department of Philosophy at Princeton University, 4-24-2016, accessed 9-4-2021, "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/~~ HWIC AND perhaps better used than "usually" to mark off the generic reading.) The resolution is generic: 1~ "nations ought to reduce IPP for medicines" doesn't imply political bodies ought to b/c there might not be an obligation for terrorist groups or the UN 2~ "nations generally ought to reduce IPP for medicines" doesn't substantially change the meaning1~ Semantics outweigh:A~ Topicality is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden, they agreed to debate the topic when they came to the tournamentB~ Jurisdiction — you can’t vote affirmative if they haven’t affirmedC~ It’s the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement, and there’s no way to use ground if debaters aren’t prepared to defend it.2~ Limits:A~ Quantitative – there are over 22k affs accounting for combinations of countries, exploded by "reduce" not implying complete elimination and "medicines" allowing specification – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won’t have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burdenB~ Qualitative – they take away generic turns like WTO bad and functionally jettison "WTO" from the topic, which shifts away from the core topic lit of the WTO as an institution – also means there is no universal DA to spec affs3~ TVA solves – read the aff as advantage – most authors advocate for a change in WTO policy or TRIPS4~ No PICs offense – potential neg abuse doesn’t justify aff abuse because that would permit infinite 1AC abuseD~ Paradigm Issues –1~ T is DTD – A~ their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start B~ DTA is incoherent because we indict their advocacy2~ Comes before 1AR theory — A~ If we had to be abusive it’s because it was impossible to engage their aff B~ T outweighs on scope because their abuse affected every speech that came after the 1AC C~ Topic norms outweigh on urgency – we only have a few months to set them3~ Use competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical B~ only our interp sets norms — reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention C~ reasonability causes a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation4~ No RVIs – A~ Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat B~ discourages checking real abuse C~ Encourages baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly | 9/4/21 |
so - t - permanentTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: oa independent vm | Judge: danielle dosch Interpretation: Reduce means permanent reduction – it’s distinct from "suspend"Reynolds 59 – Judge (In the Matter of Doris A. Montesani, Petitioner, v. Arthur Levitt, as Comptroller of the State of New York, et al., Respondents ~NO NUMBER IN ORIGINAL~ Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, Third Department 9 A.D.2d 51; 189 N.Y.S.2d 695; 1959 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 7391 August 13, 1959, lexis) AND or degrade. The word "reduce" seems adequately to indicate permanency. Violation: They defend a temporary reductionVote neg for limits and ground – they cause a race to the bottom of unpredictable affs that reduce IP protections for a short period of time and don’t link to neg disads. | 9/5/21 |
so - t - vaccinesTournament: loyola invitational | Round: 3 | Opponent: bergen county academies ak | Judge: abhishek rao A. Interpretation: medicine refers to treatments and cures only. Affirmatives must not reduce other medical IP protections.B. Violation: vaccines are medical interventions, not medicinesElbe 10 ~Stefan Elbe, director of the Centre for Global Health Policy and a professor of international relations at the University of Sussex. "Security and Global Health," ISBN 0745643744, accessed 8-10-2021, https://www.wiley.com/en-ee/Security+and+Global+Health-p-9780745643731~~ HWIC AND security to be practised through the introduction of new medical interventions in society. Vaccines are different from medicines in the context of intellectual propertyGarrison 04 ~Christopher Garrison, Consultant Legal Advisor to WHO. "Intellectual Property Rights and Vaccines in Developing countries," 04-13-2004, accessed 9-2-2021, https://www.who.int/intellectualproperty/events/en/Background'paper.pdf?ua=1~~ HWIC AND and outlines the impact of some of the differences between vaccines and medicines. C. Reasons to prefer1. Limits — allowing any patented medical intervention includes testing and screening methods, surgery, contact tracing software etc. which takes away generics like innovation bc that applies to pharmaceutical development not distribution of preventative measures which explodes neg prep burden2. Precision — we cite the WHO which proves common usage — they add a whole new caselist based on social medicine which kills predictability — that's k2 pre-tournament prep and deep clash around the core topic controversy. Reject counter-interps without a positive vision of the topic — otherwise they can always shift the goalposts | 9/4/21 |
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