Tournament: Mlipitas | Round: 1 | Opponent: Notre Dame San Jose AG | Judge: Mushtaq Bapoo
~World Trade Organization, No Listed Publication Date. https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm~~
Intellectual property rights are customarily divided into two main areas:
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to be found between the legitimate interests of right holders and of users.
Ought implies moral judgment, thus the value is morality. The criterion is consistency with utilitarianism, or maximizing human life and happiness.
Goodin 95 (Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7)
The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
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thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.
Advantage - Pandemic Response
The intellectual property system is fundamentally mismatched with emergency pandemic conditions – creating a broad precedent that weakens restrictions on generic vaccines in response to pandemics not only stops immense suffering from COVID surges in India and South America – it also lays the groundwork for future pandemics that are inevitable. Ensuring we are ready for next time is vital.
Lindsey 21 ~Brink Lindsey has written on a wide range of topics including trade policy, globalization, American social and cultural history, and the nature of human capital. His current research focuses on economic growth and the policy barriers that impede it. "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix." https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~
Although focusing on these immediate constraints is vital, we cannot confine our attention to
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employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs.
Loftus and Hopkins 21 ~Peter Loftus writes about the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare from Dow Jones' Philadelphia bureau. His coverage areas include large drug makers such as Merck and Eli Lilly, and the latest developments in drug research. He occasionally writes about non-pharmaceutical news from the Philadelphia region. Jared S. Hopkins is a New York-based reporter for The Wall Street Journal covering the pharmaceutical industry, including companies such as Pfizer Inc. and Merck and Co. He previously was a health-care reporter at Bloomberg News and an investigative reporter at the Chicago Tribune."Covid-19 Vaccine Makers Press Countries to Oppose Patent Waiver." https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccine-makers-press-countries-to-oppose-patent-waiver-11622021402~~
Developing countries lacking access to the cutting-edge treatments—or unable to afford
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send doses, through an international initiative called Covax, to developing nations.
Reducing IP restrictions on medicine is essential for expanding access – especially in developing countries, where lack of capital and domestic industry makes the same people who are most vulnerable to diseases the least likely to have access to expensive brand-name drugs
Baird 13 ~Sean, Boston College of Law. Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice, 33(1), 107-145, 2013, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4, accessed 7-31-21~
TRIPS-Plus provisions in U.S. FTAs impede access to pharmaceuticals for
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relaxing data exclu- sivity and compulsory licensing provisions for various drugs.207
Only 0.9 of the developing world has the vaccine – capacity to produce it exists, but intellectual property restrictions are preventing production. Expanding access is key – it stops mutations and variants that take us back to square one on COVID
Erfani et al 21 ~Parsa Erfani MD Candidate at Harvard Medical School. "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity." https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837~~
By late June 2021, 46 of people in high income countries had received
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choking of low and middle income countries (LMICs) through poor health.
Preventing pandemics should be our main priority – climate change and a host of other factors make them more common and more dangerous, so ensuring we are as ready as possible is key
CAN 17, California Nurses Association, January 2017, "SARS, EBOLA, AND ZIKA: What Registered Nurses Need to Know About Emerging Infectious Diseases," accessed via Google Cache
~ INTRODUCTION ~ Infectious diseases are a part of life, from the bubonic plague
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access to healthcare is extremely limited due to their states' limitations on Medicaid.