Tournament: Nano Nagle Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll SD | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen
1AC – Nano Nagle
Advantage
Plan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines deemed essential during public health emergencies of international concern.
1 The intellectual property system is fundamentally mismatched with emergency pandemic conditions. Ensuring we are ready for next time is vital
Lindsey 21 Brink Lindsey has written on a wide range of topics including trade policy, globalization, American social and cultural history, and the nature of human capital. His current research focuses on economic growth and the policy barriers that impede it. "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix." https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/
Although focusing on ..
of new drugs.
2 Reduction of IP protections during public health emergencies provides stability for existing countermeasures to ongoing threats
Lyon 21 Regan F Lyon, 7-1-2021, "COVID-19 Response Has Uncovered and Increased Our Vulnerability to Biological Warfare," OUP Academic, https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/186/7-8/193/6135020
The 2018 National ..
restore our bioterror security.
3 Reducing IP restrictions on medicine is essential for expanding access – especially in developing countries, where lack of capital and domestic industry makes the same people who are most vulnerable to diseases the least likely to have access to expensive brand-name drugs
Baird 13 Sean, Boston College of Law. Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice, 33(1), 107-145, 2013, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4, accessed 7-31-21
TRIPS-Plus provisions ..
over pharmaceutical prices.118
4 Expansion enables domestic manufacturing and innovation that decentralizes pharma supply chains
HRW 6/3 — (Human Rights Watch, “Seven Reasons the EU is Wrong to Oppose the TRIPS Waiver“, 6-3-2021, Available Online at https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/03/seven-reasons-eu-wrong-oppose-trips-waiver, accessed 10-5-2021, HKR-AR)
The European Commission claims ..
and effective.
5 Building domestic productive capacity is key to future pandemic resilience after COVID
UNCTAD 20 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as an intergovernmental organization intended to promote the interests of developing states in world trade. UNCTAD is the part of the United Nations Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. "COVID-19 heightens need for pharmaceutical production in poor countries." https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-heightens-need-pharmaceutical-production-poor-countries
With more than ..
on external sources.”
6 Counterfeiting, innovation, donation, and manufacturing arguments are all wrong—strong domestic manufacturing is essential to pandemic containment
Gostin 9/27 — (Lawrence O Gostin, Lawrence O. Gostin is professor of global health law, Georgetown University, and directs the World Health Organization Center on Global Health Law. His book "Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future"will be published in Oct. 2021, “Biden’s plan to vaccinate the world won’t work. Here’s a better one. “, Washington Post, 9-27-2021, Available Online at https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/09/27/biden-vaccines-globe-inequity-donations/, accessed 10-5-2021, HKR-AR)
Ramped up charitable ..
Pfizer and Moderna.
7 Only 0.9 of the developing world has the vaccine – capacity to produce it exists, but intellectual property restrictions are preventing production. Expanding access is key – it stops mutations and variants that take us back to square one on COVID
Erfani et al 21 Parsa Erfani MD Candidate at Harvard Medical School. "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity." https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837
By late June ..
countries (LMICs) through poor health.
8 Drug access solves AMR and 15 million deaths a year
AMI 21 Access to Medicine Index. The 2021 Index analyses how 20 of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies are addressing access to medicine in 106 low- and middle-income countries for 82 diseases, conditions and pathogens. Find out more about the scope of the Index research. "Why access matters." https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/access-to-medicine-index/about-the-index/why-access-matters#
Achieving universal ..
more people in need.
9 Resistance causes extinction---microbiome collapse and superbugs.
Garrett 16. (Laurie Garrett is a Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist and writer of two bestselling books. She was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism in 1996 for a series of works published in Newsday, chronicling the Ebola virus outbreak in Zaire. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and the World's Peril. September 19, 2016. https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-and-the-world-s-peril/)
Welcome to the Anthropocene, ..
for Earth’s microbiome.
10 Preventing pandemics should be our main priority – climate change and a host of other factors make them more common and more dangerous, so ensuring we are as ready as possible is key
CNA 17, California Nurses Association, January 2017, “SARS, EBOLA, AND ZIKA: What Registered Nurses Need to Know About Emerging Infectious Diseases,” accessed via Google Cache
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases are a part of life, ..
s’ limitations on Medicaid.
11 New diseases cause extinction – uniquely probable due to environmental changes.
Mooney 21 — (Tom Mooney, Senior Communications and Advocacy Manager for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, “Preparing for the next “Disease X””, CEPI, 2-1-21, Available Online at https://cepi.net/news_cepi/preparing-for-the-next-disease-x/, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM)
Disease X represents ..
epidemics and pandemics.
12 Pandemics increase the risk of regional and dyadic conflict—best case studies from COVID prove. Independently, negative examples are cherrypicked and solely analyze the beginnings of pandemics, continued transmission lays the groundwork for eventual instability and conflict
Ide 12/14 — (Tobias Ide, Tobias Ide’s research broadly focuses on the intersections of environmental change and environmental politics with peace, conflict, and security. In my current research, I assess the impact of disasters on conflict dynamics, the security implications of climate change, and environmental peacebuilding processes. Further academic interests of me include climate politics, peace and conflict studies, international politics, and the critical geopolitics of education. I employ various quantitative and qualitative research methods, including qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and field research. My teaching is guided by three principles: (1) introduce the core theoretical foundations of a field, (2) explore their usefulness in the context of real word developments and practical examples, and (3) utilise interactive methods to increase learning success. I hold an MA in Political Science (Leipzig, 2012), a PhD in Earth Sciences (Hamburg, 2015) and an advanced PhD (Habilitation) in Political Science (Braunschweig, 2019). Previously, I worked at the Georg Eckert Institute and the University of Melbourne, and held visiting positions at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the American University in Washington DC. My research has attracted funding by various external bodies (see Awards and grants). I published in leading disciplinary and interdisciplinary journals, including Global Environmental Change, International Affairs, International Studies Review, Journal of Peace Research, Nature Climate Change, and World Development (see Publications). Furthermore, I am a director of the Environmental Peacebuilding Association (EnPAx) and have consulted several decision makers (see Professional and community service)., “COVID-19 and armed conflict“,Available Online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X20304836?via3Dihub, accessed 10-6-2021, HKR-AR)
The growing number ..
than consolidated democracies (Cederman and Vogt, 2017).
13 Essential Medicines—indepedently, this proves existing WHO reluctance and desire to want to declare COVID an emergency
WHO 21 — (World Health Organization, “WHO model list of essential medicines“, No Publication, 9-30-2021, Available Online at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2021.02, accessed 10-7-2021, HKR-AR)
Essential medicines are ..
systems can afford.
14 Public health emergency of international concern
CFR 21 — ( “What Does the World Health Organization Do?“, Council on Foreign Relations, 1-29-2021, Available Online at https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-does-world-health-organization-do, accessed 10-7-2021, HKR-AR)
In an extraordinary ..
coronavirus in 2020.
Framework
the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing
Independently:
1 Extinction o/ws – a trillions of people in future generations means the future holds a lot of value which extinction destroys – outweighs their offense under any framework, regardless of whether they are deontic or aretaic b Gateway issue - we need to be alive to assign value and debate competing moral theories- extinction literally ends the debate on “ought”. Use EM – Evaluate the framework debate as a sliding scale not true/false – weigh probability of framework being true times contention offense – framework serves to prioritize not preclude certain impacts, so only EM is logical – eg util agrees freedom matters, but wellbeing outweighs.
2 All other frameworks fail
Mack 4 (Peter, MBBS, FRCS(Ed), FRCS (Glasg), PhD, MBA, MHlthEcon) “Utilitarian Ethics in Healthcare.” International Journal of the Computer, the Internet, and Management Vol. 12, No.3. 2004. Department of Surgery. Singapore General Hospital. SJDI
Medicine is a costly ..
situation are ignored.
3 Non util ethics are impossible
Greene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant’s Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf)
What turn-of-the-millennium science is ..
philosophy in question.
4 That justifies util – it’s impartial, specific to public actors, and resolves infinite regress which explains all value.
Greene 15 — (Joshua Greene, Professor of Psychology @ Harvard, being interviewed by Russ Roberts, “Joshua Greene on Moral Tribes, Moral Dilemmas, and Utilitarianism”, The Library of Economics and Liberty, 1-5-15, Available Online at https://www.econtalk.org/joshua-greene-on-moral-tribes-moral-dilemmas-and-utilitarianism/#audio-highlights, accessed 5-17-20, HKR-AM) NB: Guest = Greene, and only his lines are highlighted/underlined
Guest: Okay. So, I think ..
of my defense.