Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Ari Davidson, Colton Gilbert, Jonathan Hsu
1AC - Hapticality 1NC2NR - T-Implement
turbografx16
Quads
Opponent: Contact | Judge: Contact
contact
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Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact
Tournament: turbografx16 | Round: Quads | Opponent: Contact | Judge: Contact 23muzzik@students.harker.org cites not working, just hit "round reports" at the top and expand all
3/5/22
GEN - T - Framework vs Mollow
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 1 | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Faizaan Dossani
1
Interp: Affirmatives must defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines
This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the judge — only that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter.
Violation:
Resolved" means enactment of a law.
Words and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). "Resolved". 1964. Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an
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," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".
Used generically
Dictionary.com ~Online Dictionary and Thesaurus, "the"~ ~DS~ (used to mark a noun as being used generically):
"The" is a generic
OED ~Oxford English Dictionary, "the"~ ~DS~ used to make a generalized reference to something rather than identifying a particular instance.
Here is a list of the member nations of the WTO – aff is not that
WTO 7/29/16 ~World Trade Organization, "Updated Member List"~ ~DS~ Members and Observers 164 members since 29 July 2016 , with dates of WTO membership. Click
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Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Timor-Leste Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Nation is a group of people possessing sovereign territory and government
a community of people composed of one or more nationalities and possessing a more or less defined territory and government
"of" relates a part to a whole
OED ~Oxford English Dictionary, "of"~ ~DS~ expressing the relationship between a part and a whole.
WTO is an international trade organization
WTO ~"What is the WTO?"~ ~DS~ The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with
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producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
"Ought to"
moral obligation==== Collins Dictionary ~https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/ought~~ You use ought to to mean that it is morally right to do a particular thing or that it is morally right for a particular situation to exist, especially when giving or asking for advice or opinions.
Reduce
diminish ==== Merriam Webster ~Encyclopedia Britannica, "Reduce"~ ~DS~ to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number reduce taxes reduce the likelihood of war
IP protections cover patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets
SpencePC 4/4/16 ~Legal Counsel, "Four Types of Intellectual Property for Business"~ ~DS~ If you are a business owner, you should familiarize yourself with the four types of intellectual property, otherwise known as IP. We speak with many entrepreneurs who don’t know where to begin when it comes to protecting their ideas and inventions. They need this information frequently so we decided to create a quick and easy guide to educate them. It was popular so we decided to post it to our blog. Let us know if you found this useful and if there are any other guides you would like us to make in the comment section below. If you feel you need to speak with a lawyer directly, call Spence PC
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The post Four Types of Intellectual Property for Businesses appeared first on SpencePC
Medicine is for treatment of disease
CED ~Cambridge English Dictionary, "Medicine"~ ~DS~ treatment for illness or injury, or the study of this:
Offense:
1. Limits OW —-bounded debate is the only way to guarantee preparation and defense against a well-prepared opponent—-that’s a prerequisite to using the form of debate effectively, no matter what for. Disruption alone isn’t justification for an aff ballot, they need an interpretation that guarantees pre-round relationality, genuine argumentative challenges and an agreed-upon end-point. Their model of debate allows the most powerful to disrupt the communicative forum – their interp is an insular victory at best and disastrous at worst for debate’s liberatory potential.
Hansen, PhD, 18 (Ejvind, PoliSci@Danish School of Media and Journalism, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 44.1) In a certain sense this aporia embodies a common experience that communicative exchanges are best
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be limited according to unconscious power structures, the rules of the strongest?
2. Fairness
A. Non topical advocacies mean they can defend anything outside the resolution which is unpredictable, and also defend uncontestable offense like racism bad. This kills NEG ground and thus equal access to the ballot.
B. Debate is a game: forced winner/loser, competitive norms, and the tournament invite prove. Alternative impacts like activism or education can be pursued in other forums. This makes fairness the most important impact
C. Preparation- repacking the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training
D. Library DA- there are a finite amount of ways to stop IP protections, but an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.
E. Exclusionary rule- you can’t vote on the case outweighs T because lack of preparation prevents rigorous testing of the AC claims. If we win fairness we don’t have to "outweigh" other impacts
F. TVA – ~Read this as an advantage under wholeres; lack of medicine access disproportionately effects those with disability who need medicine but dont receive it~. Solves their education offense. Our TVA is purposefully imperfect to ensure negative ground and force SSD.
Outweighs their impacts - Links best to the role of the judge to determine the winner as per the ballot – that’s impossible if the round’s unfair. Even if their method is good for education there’s no reason you vote on it, just as even if exercise is good for soccer players you don’t vote for the team that ran most.
Voter: Drop the debater on T – the round is already skewed from the beginning because their advocacy excluded by ability to generate NC offense– letting them sever doesn’t solve any of the abuse
Theory is an issue of competing interpretations because reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention based on preference rather than argumentation and encourages a race to the bottom in which debaters will exploit a judge’s tolerance for questionable argumentation.
3/23/22
GEN - T - Framework vs Preciado
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 5 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SB | Judge: Spencer Orlowski Interp: Affirmatives must defend that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the judge — only that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter.
Resolved” means enactment of a law. Words and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). “Resolved”. 1964. Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”. WTO is an international trade organization WTO “What is the WTO?” DS The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. Violation – insert No I meets – at best they’re still extra T which kills ground and engagement because they can use it to solve back our links
TVA- Defend the actual implementation of removing IPP -- the aff is very close to wholeres – you can still include performance and the criticism. Disads to the TVA prove neg ground and no right to a perfect 1ac
Switch side debate – critiques of liberalism and permformance can be read on the neg – solves dogmatism by testing different viewpoints
Vote Neg – their interpretation eviscerates negative ground because they’ll say no implementation makes the results of the aff irrelevant – kills negative engagement and testing which internal link turns any terminal impact to debate. -- proven by 1ac cx shiftiness
Otherwise, they have passive opinions without meaningful advocacy – MeToo, BlackLives Matter, and other movements are grounded in particular policies that can help marginalized people – they abstract from those impacts which means movement failure is inevitable and its likely they support worse, dogmatic policies that harm marginalized people more, which internal link turns the aff. Nations bad isn’t offense against topicality bc they don’t have to endorse the state, just have an opinion on it AND you can criticize the nation bc you defend a change from the squo Drop the debater – the round shouldn’t have happened in the first place
No RVIs – this includes impact turns and independent voting issues – 1 – exclusions are inevitable – we only have 45 minutes to discuss things – doesn’t prove harmful intent 2 – T is an aff burden – doesn’t justify them winning 3 – forces unreasonable standard of epistemic perception – bad arguments should be rejected, but that doesn’t implicate the team
3/23/22
GEN - T - Framework vs Zoom
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Lukas Krause
Interp: Affirmatives must defend ~~~
This does not require the use of any particular style, type of evidence, or assumption about the role of the judge — only that the topic should determine the debate’s subject matter.
Violation:
"Resolved" means enactment of a law.
Words and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). "Resolved". 1964. Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an
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," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".
"The" refers to the whole group in this instance
Merriam Webster ~The Free Dictionary, "the" – definite article~ ~DS~ —used as a function word before a noun or a substantivized adjective to indicate reference to a group as a whole
Nation is an official territorial division independent and sovereign
a territorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalities and usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status
"Ought to"
moral obligation==== Collins Dictionary ~https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/ought~~ You use ought to to mean that it is morally right to do a particular thing or that it is morally right for a particular situation to exist, especially when giving or asking for advice or opinions.
Reduce
diminish ==== Merriam Webster ~Encyclopedia Britannica, "Reduce"~ ~DS~ to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number reduce taxes reduce the likelihood of war reduce taxes reduce the likelihood of war
Medicine Includes anything that leads to physical, mental, or social well being
John Walford Todd 9/7/20 ~Encyclopedia Britannica, "Medicine"~ ~DS~ Medicine, the practice concerned with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease. The World Health Organization at its 1978 international conference held in the Soviet Union produced
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promotion and care of health—is concerned with this ideal.
Offense:
1. Limits OW —-bounded debate is the only way to guarantee preparation and defense against a well-prepared opponent—-that’s a prerequisite to using the form of debate effectively, no matter what for. Disruption alone isn’t justification for an aff ballot, they need an interpretation that guarantees pre-round relationality, genuine argumentative challenges and an agreed-upon end-point. Their model of debate allows the most powerful to disrupt the communicative forum – their interp is an insular victory at best and disastrous at worst for debate’s liberatory potential.
Hansen, PhD, 18 (Ejvind, PoliSci@Danish School of Media and Journalism, Philosophy and Social Criticism, 44.1) In a certain sense this aporia embodies a common experience that communicative exchanges are best
AND
be limited according to unconscious power structures, the rules of the strongest?
2. Fairness
A. Non topical advocacies mean they can defend anything outside the resolution which is unpredictable, and also defend uncontestable offense like racism bad. This kills NEG ground and thus equal access to the ballot.
B. Debate is a game: forced winner/loser, competitive norms, and the tournament invite prove. Alternative impacts like activism or education can be pursued in other forums. This makes fairness the most important impact
C. Preparation- repacking the topic gives the aff a huge edge, they can prepare for 6 months on an issue that catches us by surprise. Preparation is better than thinking on your feet- research demonstrates pedagogical humility and research skills are the only portable debate training
D. Library DA- there are a finite amount of ways to stop ~~, but an infinite number of non topical affirmatives. not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months.
E. Exclusionary rule- you can’t vote on the case outweighs T because lack of preparation prevents rigorous testing of the AC claims. If we win fairness we don’t have to "outweigh" other impacts
F. TVA – You could read a Covid aff that focuses on the data aspects of IPP bc medicines requires tons of RandD and innovation and you can discuss the gatekeeping of medicines had forced us into the pandemic and on zoom. This could just be an advantage under that aff.
- Solves their education offense. Our TVA is purposefully imperfect to ensure negative ground and force SSD.
Outweighs their impacts - Links best to the role of the judge to determine the winner as per the ballot – that’s impossible if the round’s unfair. Even if their method is good for education there’s no reason you vote on it, just as even if exercise is good for soccer players you don’t vote for the team that ran most.
Voter: Drop the debater on T – the round is already skewed from the beginning because their advocacy excluded by ability to generate NC offense– letting them sever doesn’t solve any of the abuse
T is an issue of competing interpretations because reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention based on preference rather than argumentation and encourages a race to the bottom in which debaters will exploit a judge’s tolerance for questionable argumentation.
3/23/22
SO - DA - Biotech v1
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Cyrus Jackson
Biopharma innovation is key to overall competitiveness – US still has a razor thin lead but IP is uniquely key
Ezell 20 ~Stephen Ezell, Director of Global Innovation Policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). "Ensuring U.S. Biopharmaceutical Competitiveness." 7/16/20. https://itif.org/publications/2020/07/16/ensuring-us-biopharmaceutical-competitiveness~~ Nations are competing for increased market share in a wide array of advanced-innovation
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time for Washington to articulate and embrace a robust national biopharmaceutical competitiveness strategy.
Chinese tech leadership causes nuke war
Kroenig and Gopalaswamy 18, *Associate Professor of Government and Foreign Service at Georgetown University and Deputy Director for Strategy in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security at the Atlantic Council. Director of the South Asia Center at the Atlantic Council. He holds a PhD in mechanical engineering with a specialization in numerical acoustics from Trinity College, Dublin. (Matthew and Bharath, 11-12-2018, "Will disruptive technology cause nuclear war?", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, https://thebulletin.org/2018/11/will-disruptive-technology-cause-nuclear-war/) Rather, we should think more broadly about how new technology might affect global politics
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second-strike capabilities, but to preserve prevailing power balances more broadly.
3/23/22
SO - DA - Debt Ceiling v1
Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Cyrus Jackson
Debt limit and government funding will pass now—everything else is delayed
, but it’s the reality we hear privately in the Capitol.
Medical IP takes time, energy, and political capital away from domestic legislation – big pharma and EU allies
Bhadrakumar 5/9 M K Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. "Biden’s talk of vaccine IP waiver is political theater." Asia Times, May 9, 2021, asiatimes.com/2021/05/bidens-talk-of-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theater. On the other hand, Biden, whose political life of half a century was
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, the European Union and the US, who all opposed the idea.
foreign policy issues (Edwards and Wood 1999; Wood and Peake 1998).
Debt default is the easiest way to wreck the US economy—ruins the US dollar and financial reputation
Egan 9/8 ~Matt Egan is an award-winning reporter at CNN, covering business, the economy and financial markets across CNN's television and digital platforms, "'Financial Armageddon.' What's at stake if the debt limit isn't raised", 9/8/21, https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/08/business/debt-ceiling-default-explained/index.html~~ The easiest way to spark a financial crisis and wreck the US economy would be
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billion in fiscal 2020, would quickly rival what Washington spends on defense.
Extinction
Joshua Zoffer 20, Investor at Cove Hill Partners, Fellow at New America, JD Candidate at Yale University Law School, AB from Harvard University, "To End Forever War, Keep the Dollar Globally Dominant", The New Republic, 2/3/2020, https://newrepublic.com/article/156417/end-forever-war-keep-dollar-globally-dominant In early 2016, Obama Treasury Secretary Jack Lew cautioned that the dollar’s dominance as
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consortium of countries is prepared to fund, such as climate change mitigation.
3/23/22
SO - DA - Drug Pricing v1
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 6 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AA | Judge: Saketh Kotapati
OFF
Drug price reform coming now – fight is ramping up but Biden has the opportunity
Cancryn 9/9 Cancryn, Adam. Adam Cancryn is a health care reporter for POLITICO Pro, graduate of Washington and Lee University."Biden admin backs direct government drug price negotiations." POLITICO, 9 Sept. 2021, www.politico.com/news/2021/09/09/biden-drug-price-negotiations-510828. A new Biden administration plan aimed at lowering prescription drug prices endorses giving the government
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at improving competition across a range of industries, including the drug sector.
Biden’s PC is key to wrangle democrats and counter pharma lobbying
Johnson 8/12 Johnson, Jake, writer for Alternet . "Joe Biden throws support behind bold reforms to slash drug prices." Alternet, August 12, 2021, www.alternet.org/2021/08/biden-medicare-negotiate-prices. The powerful industry's public and behind-closed-doors lobbying push is likely to
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capital to push for congressional action at a pivotal moment in the debate."
External action takes time, energy, and political capital away from domestic legislation – big pharma and EU allies
Bhadrakumar 5/9 M K Bhadrakumar is a former Indian diplomat. "Biden’s talk of vaccine IP waiver is political theater." Asia Times, May 9, 2021, asiatimes.com/2021/05/bidens-talk-of-vaccine-ip-waiver-is-political-theater. On the other hand, Biden, whose political life of half a century was
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, the European Union and the US, who all opposed the idea.
Drug price controls massively reduce healthcare costs across the board – even assuming conservative models
Gamba 6/9 Gamba, Tyler. Author at the AJMC. "Adoption of the Lower Drug Costs Now Act May Lead to Billions in Savings." AJMC, 9 June 2021, www.ajmc.com/view/adoption-of-the-lower-drug-costs-now-act-may-lead-to-billions-in-savings. H.R.3, the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now
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on the significant portion it pays toward member premiums in the individual marketplaces.
Collapses the economy
Howrigon, 16 — Ron Howrigon, M.S. in Economics with a focus on Health Economics from North Carolina State University, President and Founder of Fulcrum Strategies, 18 Years of Experience in Healthcare, 12-30-2016, "Flatlining: How Healthcare Could Kill the U.S. Economy," Greenbranch Publishing, 1st Edition, Accessed via Minnesota Libraries, Date Accessed: 8-10 Ok, let’s shift from looking at individuals to looking at the big picture—
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resulting fallout could be could be much worse than even the housing crisis.
Economic decline causes nuclear war
Tønnesson, 15 — Stein Tønnesson, Leader of East Asia Peace program at Uppsala University, Research Professor at the Peace Research Institute Oslo, "Deterrence, Interdependence and Sino–US Peace" International Area Studies Review, Review Essay, Volume 18, Issue 3, Pages 297-311, SAGE Journals, Minnesota Libraries, Date Accessed: 8-4 Several recent works on China and Sino–US relations have made substantial contributions to
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each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene.
3/23/22
SO - DA - Innovation v1
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Jan Wimmer
Innovation
Pharmaceutical innovation is accelerating now – new medicines are substantially better than existing treatments.
Wills, MBA, and Lipkus, PhD, 20 – Todd J. Wills ~Managing Director @ Chemical Abstracts Service, MBA from THE Ohio State University~ and Alan H. Lipkus ~Senior Data Analyst @ Chemical Abstracts Service, PhD Physical Chemistry from the University of Rochester~, "Structural Approach to Assessing the Innovativeness of New Drugs Finds Accelerating Rate of Innovation," ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Vol. 11, 2020, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00319 C.VC Despite recent concerns over an innovation crisis, this analysis shows pharmaceutical innovation has actually
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never been used as the basis for a molecule) to further explore.
The biopharmaceutical industry is uniquely reliant on IP protections – undermining them would kill innovation by making an already expensive process completely unfeasible.
shaping the biopharmaceutical industry, its profitability, productivity, and innovative future.
Pharmaceutical innovation is key to protecting against future pandemics, bioterrorism, and antibiotic resistance.
Marjanovic and Fejiao ‘20 Marjanovic, Sonja, and Carolina Feijao. Sonja Marjanovic, Ph.D., Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. Carolina Feijao, Ph.D. in biochemistry, University of Cambridge; M.Sc. in quantitive biology, Imperial College London; B.Sc. in biology, University of Lisbon. "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management: From Troubleshooting to Sustainable Models of Engagement." (2020). ~Quality Control~ As key actors in the healthcare innovation landscape, pharmaceutical and life sci-ences
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health threats to an even greater extent under improved innova-tion conditions.
Bioterrorism and future pandemics cause extinction.
Hamish De Bretton-Gordon, CBRN Expert @ British Army, 20 ~Director @ DBG Defense, Consultant on CBRN and Biosecurity~, "Biosecurity in the Wake of COVID-19: The Urgent Action Needed," Combatting Terrorism Center Sentinel, November/December 2020, Volume 13, Issue 11, https://ctc.usma.edu/biosecurity-in-the-wake-of-covid-19-the-urgent-action-needed/ C.VC Policymakers around the world did not grasp just how large the impact of a bio
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forward, there should no higher priority for the international community than biosecurity.
Regulating intellectual property participates in a scarcity logic that re-affirms a broader market ownership over information – that consolidates neoliberal control through a shift to private protections, even if the individual act of the aff is good
Soderberg 1 ~Johan, BA from Falmouth College of the Arts. "Copyleft vs Copyright: A Marxist Critique" https://firstmonday.org/article/view/938/860~~** "The contradiction that lies at the heart of the political economy of intellectual property
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32~. It is predominantly this struggle that I now will attend to.
IP tinkering represents a myopic focus on making capitalism nicer, but only legitimates the broader process of informatic commodification as integral to class violence
Soderberg 1 ~Johan, BA from Falmouth College of the Arts. "Copyleft vs Copyright: A Marxist Critique" https://firstmonday.org/article/view/938/860~~** Though I stress the importance of recognising the social construction of information into a commodity
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But because of the intangible nature of information, contradictions emerges out of attempts
Capitalism is quickly reaching its ecological, structural, and psychological limits and causes near-term extinction – laundry list.
Robinson 16 (William, Professor of sociology, global studies and Latin American studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His most recent book is Global Capitalism and the Crisis of Humanity. | "Sadistic Capitalism: Six Urgent Matters for Humanity in Global Crisis" in Truth-out, April 12, 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/35596-sadistic-capitalism-six-urgent-matters-for-humanity-in-global-crisis )tbrooks The "luxury shanty town" in South Africa is a fitting metaphor for global
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financial system, despite a series of emergency summits to discuss such regulation.
The alternative is to engage in anticapitalism, an act of radical resistance grounded in grassroots movements. Anticapitalism does not represent an unattainable utopia but challenges common myths about capitalism as a whole.