Harker Khan Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| CPS | 4 | Immaculate Heart JL | Leah Villanueva |
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| CPS | 2 | Lovejoy JV | Gerard Grigsby |
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| CPS | 5 | Canyon Crest VL | Lukas Krause |
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| Cal | 1 | Peninsula KD | Joel Lemuel |
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| Cal | 4 | lnu rn | Rajvee Patel |
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| Cal | 6 | Peninsula CS | Danielle Dosch |
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| Cal | Triples | Westridge TW | Julian Kuffour, Diana Alvarez, Claudia Ribera |
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| Emory | 2 | Durham BG | Rachel Ding |
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| Emory | 6 | Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Shampurna Mitra |
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| Emory | 3 | Woodrow Wilson CO | Kiarra Broadnax |
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| Glenbrooks | 5 | Dwight Englewood EK | Margaret Strong |
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| Glenbrooks | 4 | Fishers GC | Danielle Dosch |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Harrison JP | Morgan Copeland |
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| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Westwood PM | Tej Gedela |
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| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Marlborough SK | Danielle Dosch |
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| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Wyoming JC | Felicity Park |
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| Long Beach | 4 | Dougherty Valley KK | Ben Cortez |
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| Long Beach | 5 | Mitty AS | Asher Towner |
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| Long Beach | 2 | Harvard Westlake MT | Sam Larson |
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| Palm | 3 | Aragon ZA | Felicity Park |
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| Palm | Quarters | Immaculate Heart BC | Riley Talamantes, Truman Le, Parker Hopkins |
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| Palm | 1 | San Mateo ZS | Shahina Chatur |
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| Palm | 5 | Sequioa AS | Gerard Grigsby |
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| Pres | 3 | Marlborough JH | David Dosch |
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| Pres | 6 | Westridge TW | Vanessa Nguyen |
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| Pres | Doubles | Immaculate Heart BC | Samantha McLoughlin, Lukas Krause, Vanessa Nguyen |
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| Pres | 1 | San Mateo YR | Patrick Fox |
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| St Marks | 5 | Greenhill NT | Skyler Harris |
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| St Marks | 2 | Little Rock Central MG | Ari Davidson |
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| St Marks | 3 | Peninsula AB | Annabelle Long |
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| Valley | 4 | American Heritage JW | Holden Bukowsky |
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| Valley | 2 | Proof DR | Chris Theis |
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| Valley | 6 | American Heritage MC | Sam Larson |
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| turbografx16 | 1 | contact | contact |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| CPS | 4 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Leah Villanueva 1ac - Mining v1 |
| CPS | 2 | Opponent: Lovejoy JV | Judge: Gerard Grigsby 1ac - Mining |
| CPS | 5 | Opponent: Canyon Crest VL | Judge: Lukas Krause 1ac - Mining |
| Cal | 1 | Opponent: Peninsula KD | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1AC - Deflection Dilemma |
| Cal | 4 | Opponent: lnu rn | Judge: Rajvee Patel 1AC - Lay |
| Cal | 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1AC - Deflection Dilemma v2 |
| Cal | Triples | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Diana Alvarez, Claudia Ribera 1AC - Deflection Dilemma v3 |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Durham BG | Judge: Rachel Ding 1AC - Mining v3 (only 1 advantage) |
| Emory | 6 | Opponent: Academy of Classical Christian Studies JM | Judge: Shampurna Mitra 1AC - Mining v5 |
| Emory | 3 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson CO | Judge: Kiarra Broadnax 1AC - Mining v4 |
| Glenbrooks | 5 | Opponent: Dwight Englewood EK | Judge: Margaret Strong 1ac - EU |
| Glenbrooks | 4 | Opponent: Fishers GC | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1ac - EU |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Morgan Copeland 1ac - Egypt |
| Harvard Westlake | 3 | Opponent: Westwood PM | Judge: Tej Gedela 1ac - Mining v2 |
| Harvard Westlake | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough SK | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1ac - Mining |
| Harvard Westlake | 1 | Opponent: Wyoming JC | Judge: Felicity Park 1ac - Mining |
| Long Beach | 4 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KK | Judge: Ben Cortez 1ac - Trade Secrets |
| Long Beach | 5 | Opponent: Mitty AS | Judge: Asher Towner 1ac - Trade Secrets |
| Long Beach | 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake MT | Judge: Sam Larson 1ac - Trade Secrets |
| Palm | 3 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Felicity Park 1AC- Mining v6 |
| Palm | Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Riley Talamantes, Truman Le, Parker Hopkins 1AC - Mining v7 |
| Palm | 1 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Shahina Chatur 1AC - Mining v6 |
| Palm | 5 | Opponent: Sequioa AS | Judge: Gerard Grigsby 1AC - Mining v7 |
| Pres | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough JH | Judge: David Dosch 1ac - Trade Secrets v4 |
| Pres | 6 | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1ac - Trade Secrets v5 |
| Pres | Doubles | Opponent: Immaculate Heart BC | Judge: Samantha McLoughlin, Lukas Krause, Vanessa Nguyen 1ac - Trade Secrets V5 |
| Pres | 1 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Patrick Fox 1ac - Pandemics |
| St Marks | 5 | Opponent: Greenhill NT | Judge: Skyler Harris 1ac - Pandemics V3 |
| St Marks | 2 | Opponent: Little Rock Central MG | Judge: Ari Davidson 1ac - Trade Secrets V5 |
| St Marks | 3 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Annabelle Long 1ac - Pandemics V2 |
| Valley | 4 | Opponent: American Heritage JW | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1ac - Trade secrets v2 |
| Valley | 2 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Chris Theis 1ac - Trade Secrets v2 |
| Valley | 6 | Opponent: American Heritage MC | Judge: Sam Larson 1ac - Trade Secrets v3 |
| turbografx16 | 1 | Opponent: contact | Judge: contact contact |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - ContactTournament: turbografx16 | Round: 1 | Opponent: contact | Judge: contact I can't osource mining v5 and I don't even think there's a v4 b/c I miscounted so ignore that | 2/15/22 |
ERRORTournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: American Heritage MC | Judge: Sam Larson | 2/24/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Deflection DilemmaTournament: Cal | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula KD | Judge: Joel Lemuel 1ACPlan - The appropriation of outer space by private entities through asteroid mining is unjust.Mining is inevitable down the line regardless of capital limits because of oligopolistic consolidationAhadi 20 ~Ahadi 2/10/20 ~Blake Ahadi works in project finance and operations at a private renewable energy developer. Before this, he worked in private banking, advising on investments, lending, and estate planning to clients in the Chicago private equity industry. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Michigan and is pursuing an M.S. in Space Resources from the Colorado School of Mines. "Alternative financing for lunar mining exploration." https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3880/1~~ Commercialized proximity mining operations create dual-use deflection risks – inherent interoperability makes dangerous repurposing easy and likelyHowe 15 ~Jim Howe is a writer and policy analyst who focuses on space and national security issues. He works in the nuclear power industry. COMMON GROUND: Asteroid Mining and Planetary Defense. Summer 2015. https://space.nss.org/media/Asteroid-Mining-And-Planetary-Defense.pdf~~ That increases the risk of accidental collisions, astro-terror, and space weaponizationMares 15 ~Miroslav Mares, Professor, at the Division of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Jakub Drmola PhD student, at the Divison of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Revisiting the deflection dilemma. October 1, 2015. https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/56/5/5.15/235650~~ The dilemma causes the most power WMD ever – it's more likely than natural hits and structurally outweighsDeudney 20 ~Daniel H. Deudney is professor of political science, international relations and political theory at Johns Hopkins University. He holds a BA in political science and philosophy from Yale University, a MPA in science, technology, and public policy from the George Washington University, and a PhD in political science from Princeton University. "Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity." Google Books~ Accidental and intentional deflection attacks outweigh the threat of conventional hits –rogue strikes bypass conventional deterrence because attribution and detection are impossibleDello-Iacovo 18 ~Michael, PhD candidate (Mining Engineering), emphasis on space science, looking at asteroid exploration, mining and impact risk @ University of New South Wales. "Asteroids and comets as space weapons," http://www.michaeldello.com/asteroids-comets-space-weapons/~~ Even limited deflection failures cause nuke war because they look like preemptive strikes and the risk is inversely proportion to sizeLovett 19, ~Richard Lovett is a Cosmos contributor, The biggest danger about an asteroid strike? Lawyers, Blasting away at incoming space rock raises real risks of nuclear war, experts say. Richard A Lovett reports, May 7, https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-biggest-danger-about-an-asteroid-strike-lawyers~~ Yes asteroid miscalc – best studiesBaum 18 (Seth Baum is Executive Director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Uncertain Human Consequences in Asteroid Risk Analysis and the Global Catastrophe Threshold, July 28, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3218342anddownload=yes) The mining itself increases the risk of asteroid collisionsByers and Boley 19 ~Michael Byers, Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, BA in Political Studies and Phd in International Law from Cambridge, Byers has written a number of op-ed articles on space issues. Relax: An asteroid will just miss hitting Earth. But our actions could still have a deep impact. March 19, 2019. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-relax-an-asteroid-will-just-miss-hitting-earth-but-our-actions-could/~~ Mining has significant effects on trajectoryMonzon 19 ~Inigo Monson, International Business Times. Mining Asteroids Could Cause Catastrophic Earth Impact, Scientist Warns. August 6, 2019. https://www.ibtimes.com/mining-asteroids-could-cause-catastrophic-earth-impact-scientist-warns-2811005~~ Repurposing doesn't solveRapp 18 ~Joshua Rapp, 08-29-2018, " Asteroid miners could use Earth's atmosphere to catch space rocks," No Publication, https://www.science.org/content/article/asteroid-miners-could-use-earth-s-atmosphere-catch-space-rocks~~ Keyholes Exacerbate the riskSutter 21 ~Paul Sutter, 07-29-2021, "Move asteroids now before they become a threat, researchers argue," Space, https://www.space.com/asteroid-impact-prevent-risk-threat~~ They cause nuke war, miscalc, and extinctionBaum 19 (Executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute,"Risk-Risk Tradeoff Analysis of Nuclear Explosives for Asteroid Deflection," May 31, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/risa.13339.) Triggers Russian dead handBarrett 16, ~Anthony M. Barrett is cofounder and director of research of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and senior risk analyst at ABS Consulting. His work aims to inform risk management policy decisions regarding catastrophe risks in a variety of areas, including terrorism, emerging technologies, and nuclear warfare. He was a Stanton fellow at RAND in 2012–2013, False Alarms, True Dangers?, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PE100/PE191/RAND_PE191.pdf~~ It outweighs nuclear war—-surveys are incomplete and geology proves frequency and magnitudeDeel 19, ~Dr. Gary Deel is a Faculty Director with the School of Business at American Military University, Can We Prevent a Killer Asteroid Striking Earth?, November, https://inspacenews.com/can-we-prevent-a-killer-asteroid-striking-earth/~~ FramingThe Standard is Maximizing Expected Well-Being1~ Only it can explain degrees of wrongness- it is worse to kill thousands than to lie to a friend- either ethical theories cannot explain comparative badness, or it collapses2~ Reducing existential risks is the top priority in any coherent moral theoryPummer, PhD, 15 (Theron, Philosophy @St. Andrews http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/) 3~ Non util ethics are impossible, science proves util is inescapable and captures their offenseGreene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant's Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) | 2/19/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Deflection Dilemma v2Tournament: Cal | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula CS | Judge: Danielle Dosch 1ACPlan - The appropriation of outer space by private entities through asteroid mining is unjust.Mining is inevitable down the line regardless of capital limits because of oligopolistic consolidationAhadi 20 ~Ahadi 2/10/20 ~Blake Ahadi works in project finance and operations at a private renewable energy developer. Before this, he worked in private banking, advising on investments, lending, and estate planning to clients in the Chicago private equity industry. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Michigan and is pursuing an M.S. in Space Resources from the Colorado School of Mines. "Alternative financing for lunar mining exploration." https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3880/1~~ Commercialized proximity mining operations create dual-use deflection risks – inherent interoperability makes dangerous repurposing easy and likelyHowe 15 ~Jim Howe is a writer and policy analyst who focuses on space and national security issues. He works in the nuclear power industry. COMMON GROUND: Asteroid Mining and Planetary Defense. Summer 2015. https://space.nss.org/media/Asteroid-Mining-And-Planetary-Defense.pdf~~ That increases the risk of accidental collisions, astro-terror, and space weaponizationMares 15 ~Miroslav Mares, Professor, at the Division of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Jakub Drmola PhD student, at the Divison of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Revisiting the deflection dilemma. October 1, 2015. https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/56/5/5.15/235650~~ The dilemma causes the most power WMD ever – it's more likely than natural hits and structurally outweighsDeudney 20 ~Daniel H. Deudney is professor of political science, international relations and political theory at Johns Hopkins University. He holds a BA in political science and philosophy from Yale University, a MPA in science, technology, and public policy from the George Washington University, and a PhD in political science from Princeton University. "Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity." Google Books~ Accidental and intentional deflection attacks outweigh the threat of conventional hits –rogue strikes bypass conventional deterrence because attribution and detection are impossibleDello-Iacovo 18 ~Michael, PhD candidate (Mining Engineering), emphasis on space science, looking at asteroid exploration, mining and impact risk @ University of New South Wales. "Asteroids and comets as space weapons," http://www.michaeldello.com/asteroids-comets-space-weapons/~~ Even limited deflection failures cause nuke war because they look like preemptive strikes and the risk is inversely proportion to sizeLovett 19, ~Richard Lovett is a Cosmos contributor, The biggest danger about an asteroid strike? Lawyers, Blasting away at incoming space rock raises real risks of nuclear war, experts say. Richard A Lovett reports, May 7, https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-biggest-danger-about-an-asteroid-strike-lawyers~~ Yes asteroid miscalc – best studiesBaum 18 (Seth Baum is Executive Director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Uncertain Human Consequences in Asteroid Risk Analysis and the Global Catastrophe Threshold, July 28, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3218342anddownload=yes) The mining itself increases the risk of asteroid collisionsByers and Boley 19 ~Michael Byers, Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, BA in Political Studies and Phd in International Law from Cambridge, Byers has written a number of op-ed articles on space issues. Relax: An asteroid will just miss hitting Earth. But our actions could still have a deep impact. March 19, 2019. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-relax-an-asteroid-will-just-miss-hitting-earth-but-our-actions-could/~~ Mining has significant effects on trajectoryMonzon 19 ~Inigo Monson, International Business Times. Mining Asteroids Could Cause Catastrophic Earth Impact, Scientist Warns. August 6, 2019. https://www.ibtimes.com/mining-asteroids-could-cause-catastrophic-earth-impact-scientist-warns-2811005~~ Repurposing doesn't solveRapp 18 ~Joshua Rapp, 08-29-2018, " Asteroid miners could use Earth's atmosphere to catch space rocks," No Publication, https://www.science.org/content/article/asteroid-miners-could-use-earth-s-atmosphere-catch-space-rocks~~ Keyholes Exacerbate the riskSutter 21 ~Paul Sutter, 07-29-2021, "Move asteroids now before they become a threat, researchers argue," Space, https://www.space.com/asteroid-impact-prevent-risk-threat~~ They cause nuke war, miscalc, and extinctionBaum 19 (Executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute,"Risk-Risk Tradeoff Analysis of Nuclear Explosives for Asteroid Deflection," May 31, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/risa.13339.) Triggers Russian dead handBarrett 16, ~Anthony M. Barrett is cofounder and director of research of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and senior risk analyst at ABS Consulting. His work aims to inform risk management policy decisions regarding catastrophe risks in a variety of areas, including terrorism, emerging technologies, and nuclear warfare. He was a Stanton fellow at RAND in 2012–2013, False Alarms, True Dangers?, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PE100/PE191/RAND_PE191.pdf~~ It outweighs nuclear war—-surveys are incomplete and geology proves frequency and magnitudeDeel 19, ~Dr. Gary Deel is a Faculty Director with the School of Business at American Military University, Can We Prevent a Killer Asteroid Striking Earth?, November, https://inspacenews.com/can-we-prevent-a-killer-asteroid-striking-earth/~~ FramingScenario planning is good for debate—-breaks down cognitive biases and incorporates complementary theories.Monika Sus and Marcel Hadeed 20, Fellow at the Hertie School, and a leader of the Dahrendorf Foresight Project. She was also a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute; Research Associate at the Dahrendorf Forum. He is also program director at the grassroots think tank Polis180 e.V., "Theory-infused and policy-relevant: On the usefulness of scenario analysis for international relations," Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 41, Issue 3, 02/19/2020, TandF. Independently - The Standard is Maximizing Expected Well-Being1~ Only it can explain degrees of wrongness- it is worse to kill thousands than to lie to a friend- either ethical theories cannot explain comparative badness, or it collapses2~ Extinction outweighs—-it's the upmost moral evil and disavowal of the risk makes it more likely.Burns 2017 (Elizabeth Finneron-Burns is a Teaching Fellow at the University of Warwick and an Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for Futures Studies in Stockholm, What's wrong with human extinction?, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00455091.2016.1278150?needAccess=true, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2017) 3~ That is the only egalitarian metric—-anything else collapses cooperation on collective action crises and makes extinction inevitableKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Deflection Dilemma v3Tournament: Cal | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westridge TW | Judge: Julian Kuffour, Diana Alvarez, Claudia Ribera 1ACPlan - The appropriation of outer space by private entities through asteroid mining is unjust.Mining is inevitable down the line regardless of capital limits because of oligopolistic consolidationAhadi 20 ~Ahadi 2/10/20 ~Blake Ahadi works in project finance and operations at a private renewable energy developer. Before this, he worked in private banking, advising on investments, lending, and estate planning to clients in the Chicago private equity industry. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Michigan and is pursuing an M.S. in Space Resources from the Colorado School of Mines. "Alternative financing for lunar mining exploration." https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3880/1~~ Commercialized proximity mining operations create dual-use deflection risks – inherent interoperability makes dangerous repurposing easy and likelyHowe 15 ~Jim Howe is a writer and policy analyst who focuses on space and national security issues. He works in the nuclear power industry. COMMON GROUND: Asteroid Mining and Planetary Defense. Summer 2015. https://space.nss.org/media/Asteroid-Mining-And-Planetary-Defense.pdf~~ That increases the risk of accidental collisions, astro-terror, and space weaponizationMares 15 ~Miroslav Mares, Professor, at the Division of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Jakub Drmola PhD student, at the Divison of Security and Strategic Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Revisiting the deflection dilemma. October 1, 2015. https://academic.oup.com/astrogeo/article/56/5/5.15/235650~~ The dilemma causes the most power WMD ever – it's more likely than natural hits and structurally outweighsDeudney 20 ~Daniel H. Deudney is professor of political science, international relations and political theory at Johns Hopkins University. He holds a BA in political science and philosophy from Yale University, a MPA in science, technology, and public policy from the George Washington University, and a PhD in political science from Princeton University. "Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity." Google Books~ Accidental and intentional deflection attacks outweigh the threat of conventional hits –rogue strikes bypass conventional deterrence because attribution and detection are impossibleDello-Iacovo 18 ~Michael, PhD candidate (Mining Engineering), emphasis on space science, looking at asteroid exploration, mining and impact risk @ University of New South Wales. "Asteroids and comets as space weapons," http://www.michaeldello.com/asteroids-comets-space-weapons/~~ Even limited deflection failures cause nuke war because they look like preemptive strikes and the risk is inversely proportion to sizeLovett 19, ~Richard Lovett is a Cosmos contributor, The biggest danger about an asteroid strike? Lawyers, Blasting away at incoming space rock raises real risks of nuclear war, experts say. Richard A Lovett reports, May 7, https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-biggest-danger-about-an-asteroid-strike-lawyers~~ Yes asteroid miscalc – best studiesBaum 18 (Seth Baum is Executive Director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Uncertain Human Consequences in Asteroid Risk Analysis and the Global Catastrophe Threshold, July 28, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3218342anddownload=yes) The mining itself increases the risk of asteroid collisionsByers and Boley 19 ~Michael Byers, Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, BA in Political Studies and Phd in International Law from Cambridge, Byers has written a number of op-ed articles on space issues. Relax: An asteroid will just miss hitting Earth. But our actions could still have a deep impact. March 19, 2019. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-relax-an-asteroid-will-just-miss-hitting-earth-but-our-actions-could/~~ Mining has significant effects on trajectoryMonzon 19 ~Inigo Monson, International Business Times. Mining Asteroids Could Cause Catastrophic Earth Impact, Scientist Warns. August 6, 2019. https://www.ibtimes.com/mining-asteroids-could-cause-catastrophic-earth-impact-scientist-warns-2811005~~ Repurposing doesn't solveRapp 18 ~Joshua Rapp, 08-29-2018, " Asteroid miners could use Earth's atmosphere to catch space rocks," No Publication, https://www.science.org/content/article/asteroid-miners-could-use-earth-s-atmosphere-catch-space-rocks~~ Keyholes Exacerbate the riskSutter 21 ~Paul Sutter, 07-29-2021, "Move asteroids now before they become a threat, researchers argue," Space, https://www.space.com/asteroid-impact-prevent-risk-threat~~ They cause nuke war, miscalc, and extinctionBaum 19 (Executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute,"Risk-Risk Tradeoff Analysis of Nuclear Explosives for Asteroid Deflection," May 31, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/risa.13339.) Triggers Russian dead handBarrett 16, ~Anthony M. Barrett is cofounder and director of research of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and senior risk analyst at ABS Consulting. His work aims to inform risk management policy decisions regarding catastrophe risks in a variety of areas, including terrorism, emerging technologies, and nuclear warfare. He was a Stanton fellow at RAND in 2012–2013, False Alarms, True Dangers?, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PE100/PE191/RAND_PE191.pdf~~ It outweighs nuclear war—-surveys are incomplete and geology proves frequency and magnitudeDeel 19, ~Dr. Gary Deel is a Faculty Director with the School of Business at American Military University, Can We Prevent a Killer Asteroid Striking Earth?, November, https://inspacenews.com/can-we-prevent-a-killer-asteroid-striking-earth/~~ FramingScenario planning is good for debate—-breaks down cognitive biases and incorporates complementary theories.Monika Sus and Marcel Hadeed 20, Fellow at the Hertie School, and a leader of the Dahrendorf Foresight Project. She was also a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute; Research Associate at the Dahrendorf Forum. He is also program director at the grassroots think tank Polis180 e.V., "Theory-infused and policy-relevant: On the usefulness of scenario analysis for international relations," Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 41, Issue 3, 02/19/2020, TandF. Independently - The Standard is Maximizing Expected Well-Being1~ Only it can explain degrees of wrongness- it is worse to kill thousands than to lie to a friend- either ethical theories cannot explain comparative badness, or it collapses2~ Extinction outweighs—-it's the upmost moral evil and disavowal of the risk makes it more likely.Burns 2017 (Elizabeth Finneron-Burns is a Teaching Fellow at the University of Warwick and an Affiliated Researcher at the Institute for Futures Studies in Stockholm, What's wrong with human extinction?, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00455091.2016.1278150?needAccess=true, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 2017) 3~ That is the only egalitarian metric—-anything else collapses cooperation on collective action crises and makes extinction inevitableKhan 18 (Risalat, activist and entrepreneur from Bangladesh passionate about addressing climate change, biodiversity loss, and other existential challenges. He was featured by The Guardian as one of the "young climate campaigners to watch" (2015). As a campaigner with the global civic movement Avaaz (2014-17), Risalat was part of a small core team that spearheaded the largest climate marches in history with a turnout of over 800,000 across 2,000 cities. After fighting for the Paris Agreement, Risalat led a campaign joined by over a million people to stop the Rampal coal plant in Bangladesh to protect the Sundarbans World Heritage forest, and elicited criticism of the plant from Crédit Agricolé through targeted advocacy. Currently, Risalat is pursuing an MPA in Environmental Science and Policy at Columbia University as a SIPA Environmental Fellow, "5 reasons why we need to start talking about existential risks," https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/5-reasons-start-talking-existential-risks-extinction-moriori/) | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC MiningTournament: CPS | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lovejoy JV | Judge: Gerard Grigsby MiningPrivate entities are increasing mining now – US is keyRobert Garcia 18, currently an LLM Candidate in Cornell Law School's Law, Entrepreneurship and Technology program at Cornell Tech in NYC., "Regulating International Space Mining, an Enormous Industry," Pacific Council on International Policy, 10-23-2018, https://www.pacificcouncil.org/newsroom/regulating-international-space-mining-enormous-industry AND increase economic inequality by disproportionately favoring the spacefaring nations remains to be seen. It causes dangerous space mining and deregulation globally – multilateralism solves.Edd Gent 20, freelance science and technology writer, "Space Mining Should Be a Global Project—But It's Not Starting Off That Way," Singularity Hub, 10-12-2020, https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/12/the-us-is-trying-to-hijack-space-mining-and-there-could-be-disastrous-consequences/ AND the rules. As they say, to the victor go the spoils. Dangerous mining greatly increases the risk of space debris.Sarah Scoles 15, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, 5-27-2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ AND "A few basic precautions will prevent harm due to stray asteroid material." Clustering makes the risk of collisions uniquely high and the risk is understatedDr. Darren McKnight 17, Ph.D., Technical Director for Integrity Applications, Previously Senior Vice President and Director of Science and Technology Strategy at Science Applications International Corporation, "Proposed Series of Orbital Debris Remediation Activities," 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Satellite and Space Missions, 5/13/2017, https://iaaweb.org/iaa/Scientific20Activity/debrisminutes03166.pdf ~graphics omitted~ AND population in the 820- 865km altitude region for the last nine months. Debris cascades cause global nuke warLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ AND , our military advantage over potential adversaries would be dramatically reduced or eliminated. Satellites are key to environmental monitoring – debris collapses it and causes climate extincitonBen Biggs 18, PhD Researcher in Computer Vision and Deep Learning at the University of Cambridge, "How Satellites Can Protect Planet Earth From Disaster", HowItWorks Daily, 12/22/2018, https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-satellites-can-protect-planet-earth-from-disaster/ AND or worse, and monitoring that change is vital to our planet’s survival. Independently, unregulated mining causes space warFengna Xu 20, Law School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, "The approach to sustainable space mining: issues, challenges, and solutions," Fengna Xu 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 738 012014 AND , priority rights should not be absolute but subjected to some arrangements. 7 That goes nuclear — the domain is fragile and offense dominant, so even small incidents escalateLaura Grego 18, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf AND same value to a given target or same escalatory nature to different weapons. MultilatPrivate appropriation by US entities risks unraveling multilateral space governance.Mike Wall 20, Senior Space Writer, "US policy could thwart sustainable space development, researchers say," Space, 10-8-2020, https://www.space.com/us-space-policy-mining-artemis-accords AND maneuver itself away from potential impacts three times so far in 2020 alone. Pursuing mining multilaterally to the benefit of all is key to solve future space governance.Jack M. Beard 17, Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Space, Cyber and Telecommunications Law Program, LLM from Georgetown University, JD from the University of Michigan School of Law, and Former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs) at the Department of Defense, Former Lieutenant Colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the U.S. Army Reserve, "Soft Law's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Spring 2017, 38 U. Pa. J. Int'l L. 335, Lexis AND impossible, and could risk further weakening rather than improving the Code. 242 Cooperative space governance solves existential threatsDr. Joseph N. Pelton 17, PhD in International Relations from Georgetown University, Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon!, p. 1-9 AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Nuke Terror — ExtinctionElizabeth Borgwardt 16, History Professor at Washington University and Author of The Nuremberg Idea, forthcoming from Knopf, 9/11: What Would Trump Do?, Politico, March 2016, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/03/donald-trump-2016-terrorist-attack-foreign-policy-213784 AND might seem, the general actually had some support for his outlandish proposal. Resource shortages — nuclear warFrosty Woolridge 9, Former Officer at the US Army Medical Service Corps, "America Galloping Toward Its Greatest Crisis in the 21st Century", The Examiner, 5-22, http://www.examiner.com/examiner/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examiner~~y2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century AND worst (and not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization. Space governance forges a framework to deal with multiple existential threats—-U.S. lead is keyDr. Nancy Gallagher 13. Ph.D., Associate Director for Research at the Center for International and Security Studies and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Maryland’s School of Public Policy. 02/11/2013. "International Cooperation and Space Governance Strategy." Space Strategy in the 21st Century: Theory and Policy, Routledge. AND leading opportunity to provide mutual reassurance and to build effective global governance institutions. Extinction’s inevitable without multilateral balanced space governanceDuncan Blake 17 and Steven Freeland. Blake, PhD Candidate, Law and Military Uses of Outer Space, University of Adelaide; Steven Freeland, Dean, School of Law and Professor of International Law, Western Sydney University. 7-17-2017. "As the World Embraces Space, the 50-Year-Old Outer Space Treaty Needs Adaptation." Space. https://www.space.com/37500-outer-space-treaty-needs-adaptation.html AND man's entry into outer space" (the opening words of the OST)? PlanSpace faring nations should establish a multilateral agreement that restricts asteroid mining done by private entitiesKey to solve conflict and space debris.Ramin Skibba 18, science writer and astrophysicist based in Santa Cruz and San Diego., " Mining in Space Could Lead to Conflicts on Earth," Nautilus, 5-2-2018, https://nautil.us/blog/-mining-in-space-could-lead-to-conflicts-on-earth AND explore the solar system as its steward without repeating our economically rapacious past. Agreement is enforceable and solves.James McSweeney 20, J.D. Candidate, May 2020, University of Louisville Brandeis School of Law, "LIVE LONG AND PROSPER: THE NEED FOR A NEW MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT GOVERNING ASTEROID MINING," lexis AND some of the worries of corporate investors would be alleviated by a multilateral agreement FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well being1 – Extinction o/ws under any framework, even under moral uncertainty – infinite future generationsPummer 15 — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, "Moral Agreement on Saving the World", Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-18-2015, Available Online at http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/, accessed 7-2-2018, HKR-AM) we do not endorse ableist language= AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 2 – All other frameworks failMack 4 ~(Peter, MBBS, FRCS(Ed), FRCS (Glasg), PhD, MBA, MHlthEcon) "Utilitarian Ethics in Healthcare." International Journal of the Computer, the Internet, and Management Vol. 12, No.3. 2004. Department of Surgery. Singapore General Hospital.~ SJDI AND the utility and any non-utility aspects of the situation are ignored. 3 – Policy is distinct from scholarly debate – the public nature of policy necessitates consequentialism even if its false.Dan W. Brock 93 ~American philosopher, bioethicist, and professor emeritus. He is the Frances Glessner Lee Professor Emeritus of Medical Ethics in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School, the former Director of the Division of Medical Ethics (now the Center for Bioethics) at the Harvard Medical School, and former Director of the Harvard University Program in Ethics and Health (PEH). He has held the Tillinghast Professorship at Brown University and served as a member of the Department of Clinical Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health. Brock earned his B.A. in economics from Cornell University and his Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia University~ "The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making." Life and Death: Philosophical Essays in Biomedical Ethics. Cambridge University Press, Jan 29, 1993. P. 409-410. AND why did they enter the policy domain? What are they doing there? 4 – Non util ethics are impossibleGreene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University AND religion, they don't really explain what's distinctive about the philosophy in question. 5 – That justifies util it’s impartial, specific to public actors, and resolves infinite regress which explains all value. Reject flawed calc indicts that misunderstand happiness and rely on problematic intuitions.Greene 15 — (Joshua Greene, Professor of Psychology @ Harvard, being interviewed by Russ Roberts, "Joshua Greene on Moral Tribes, Moral Dilemmas, and Utilitarianism", The Library of Economics and Liberty, 1-5-15, Available Online at https://www.econtalk.org/joshua-greene-on-moral-tribes-moral-dilemmas-and-utilitarianism/~~#audio-highlights, accessed 5-17-20, HKR-AM) NB: Guest = Greene, and only his lines are highlighted/underlined AND commons, that discussion, and how do we get to the Trolleys. | 2/21/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Mining v2Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wyoming JC | Judge: Felicity Park 1ACMiningStatus Quo Space mining causes deregulation globally – multilateralism solves.Edd Gent 20, freelance science and technology writer, "Space Mining Should Be a Global Project—But It's Not Starting Off That Way," Singularity Hub, 10-12-2020, https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/12/the-us-is-trying-to-hijack-space-mining-and-there-could-be-disastrous-consequences/ AND the rules. As they say, to the victor go the spoils. Dangerous mining greatly increases space debris.Sarah Scoles 15, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, 5-27-2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ AND "A few basic precautions will prevent harm due to stray asteroid material." Asteroid Clusters makes collisions uniquely likely and the risk is understatedDr. Darren McKnight 17, Ph.D., Technical Director for Integrity Applications, Previously Senior Vice President and Director of Science and Technology Strategy at Science Applications International Corporation, "Proposed Series of Orbital Debris Remediation Activities," 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Satellite and Space Missions, 5/13/2017, https://iaaweb.org/iaa/Scientific20Activity/debrisminutes03166.pdf ~graphics omitted~ AND population in the 820- 865km altitude region for the last nine months. Debris would cascade — causes global nuke warLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 ~language modified~ AND , our military advantage over potential adversaries would be dramatically reduced or eliminated. Satellites are key to environmental monitoring – debris collapses it and causes climate extinctionBen Biggs 18, PhD Researcher in Computer Vision and Deep Learning at the University of Cambridge, "How Satellites Can Protect Planet Earth From Disaster", HowItWorks Daily, 12/22/2018, https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-satellites-can-protect-planet-earth-from-disaster/ AND or worse, and monitoring that change is vital to our planet’s survival. Unregulated mining causes space warFengna Xu 20, Law School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, "The approach to sustainable space mining: issues, challenges, and solutions," Fengna Xu 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 738 012014 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/738/1/012014/pdf AND , priority rights should not be absolute but subjected to some arrangements. 7 That goes nuclear – the domain is fragile and offense dominant, so even small incidents escalateLaura Grego 18, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf AND same value to a given target or same escalatory nature to different weapons. Extinction – no contained strikes or checksEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. MultilateralismPrivate appropriation risks unraveling multilateral space governance.Mike Wall 20, Senior Space Writer, "US policy could thwart sustainable space development, researchers say," Space, 10-8-2020, https://www.space.com/us-space-policy-mining-artemis-accords AND maneuver itself away from potential impacts three times so far in 2020 alone. Pursuing mining multilaterally is key to solve future space governance and broader cooperationJack M. Beard 17, Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Space, Cyber and Telecommunications Law Program, LLM from Georgetown University, JD from the University of Michigan School of Law, and Former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs) at the Department of Defense, Former Lieutenant Colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the U.S. Army Reserve, "Soft Law's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Spring 2017, 38 U. Pa. J. Int'l L. 335, Lexis AND impossible, and could risk further weakening rather than improving the Code. 242 Cooperative space governance is key to space colonization — prevents terror, resources wars, and a litany of other existential threatsDr. Joseph N. Pelton 17, PhD in International Relations from Georgetown University, Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon!, p. 1-9 AND global space agreements, are part of this new pathway to the future. Space Governance creates a sustainable international order — solves every impactDr. Nancy Gallagher 13. Ph.D., Associate Director for Research at the Center for International and Security Studies and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Maryland’s School of Public Policy. 02/11/2013. "International Cooperation and Space Governance Strategy." Space Strategy in the 21st Century: Theory and Policy, Routledge. AND leading opportunity to provide mutual reassurance and to build effective global governance institutions. SolvencyPlan — Space faring nations should establish a multilateral agreement that restricts asteroid mining done by private entitiesThe plan creates certainty for mining operations while avoiding downsides.- nations and regs AND horizon, so are the legal ambiguities that will anise in its absence. Multilateral mining avoids conflict and debris.Ramin Skibba 18, science writer and astrophysicist based in Santa Cruz and San Diego., " Mining in Space Could Lead to Conflicts on Earth," Nautilus, 5-2-2018, https://nautil.us/blog/-mining-in-space-could-lead-to-conflicts-on-earth AND explore the solar system as its steward without repeating our economically rapacious past. FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-beingLife is intrinsically and infinitely valuable because it is a prerequisite to any subjective pleasure – it should be preserved as an apriori issue.Consciousness is a prerequisite to value and pleasure AND inquiry—on the subjective or circumstantial or a posteriori value of life. Reducing existential risks is the top priority in any coherent moral theoryPummer 15 AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) | 1/26/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Mining v3Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Woodrow Wilson CO | Judge: Kiarra Broadnax | 2/15/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Mining v4Tournament: Palm | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Mateo ZS | Judge: Shahina Chatur 1ACThe Appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjustAdvantageStatus quo space mining causes deregulation and dangerous mining – multilateralism solves.Edd Gent 20, freelance science and technology writer, "Space Mining Should Be a Global Project—But It's Not Starting Off That Way," Singularity Hub, 10-12-2020, https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/12/the-us-is-trying-to-hijack-space-mining-and-there-could-be-disastrous-consequences/ That sets a dangerous precedent – Multilat solvesMike Wall 20, Senior Space Writer, "US policy could thwart sustainable space development, researchers say," Space, 10-8-2020, https://www.space.com/us-space-policy-mining-artemis-accords Private incentives force a race to deregulateHasin 20 ~GERSHON HASIN, (Fall 2020) J.S.D. Candidate, Yale Law School. An earlier draft of this article was awarded the 2019 Yale Law School, William T. Ketcham, Jr. Prize) ARTICLE: DEVELOPING A GLOBAL ORDER FOR SPACE RESOURCES: A REGIME EVOLUTION APPROACH. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 52, 77. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:6290-VNN1-F1H1-2503-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ That determines government policy and trades off with investmentHasin 20 ~GERSHON HASIN, (Fall 2020) J.S.D. Candidate, Yale Law School. An earlier draft of this article was awarded the 2019 Yale Law School, William T. Ketcham, Jr. Prize) ARTICLE: DEVELOPING A GLOBAL ORDER FOR SPACE RESOURCES: A REGIME EVOLUTION APPROACH. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 52, 77. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:6290-VNN1-F1H1-2503-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ That ensures conflict, debris, and erodes relationsRamin Skibba 18, science writer and astrophysicist based in Santa Cruz and San Diego., " Mining in Space Could Lead to Conflicts on Earth," Nautilus, 5-2-2018, https://nautil.us/blog/-mining-in-space-could-lead-to-conflicts-on-earth Deregulated mining is the key internal link to debrisSutherland 21 ~Hunter Sutherland * (Spring, 2021). STUDENT NOTE: THE STAKES ARE OUT OF THIS WORLD: HOW TO FIX THE SPACE ACT OF 2015. Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, 22, 100. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:61XM-5GF1-JGBH-B371-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ Debris causes cascadesSarah Scoles 15, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, 5-27-2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ Asteroid Clusters makes collisions uniquely likely, and the threats underratedDr. Darren McKnight 17, Ph.D., Technical Director for Integrity Applications, Previously Senior Vice President and Director of Science and Technology Strategy at Science Applications International Corporation, "Proposed Series of Orbital Debris Remediation Activities," 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Satellite and Space Missions, 5/13/2017, https://iaaweb.org/iaa/Scientific20Activity/debrisminutes03166.pdf ~graphics omitted~ That collapses satellites key to environmental monitoring – ExtinctionBen Biggs 18, PhD Researcher in Computer Vision and Deep Learning at the University of Cambridge, "How Satellites Can Protect Planet Earth From Disaster", HowItWorks Daily, 12/22/2018, https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-satellites-can-protect-planet-earth-from-disaster/ Cascades cause global nuke warLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 Extinction – no contained strikes or checksEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG Deregulated mining uniquely causes asteroid collisionsByers and Boley 19 ~Michael Byers, Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, BA in Political Studies and Phd in International Law from Cambridge, Byers has written a number of op-ed articles on space issues. Relax: An asteroid will just miss hitting Earth. But our actions could still have a deep impact. March 19, 2019. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-relax-an-asteroid-will-just-miss-hitting-earth-but-our-actions-could/~~ Extinction – Only cooperation solvesAfrasiabi 17 ~Kaveh. Kaveh L. Afrasiabi, Ph.D. is an Iranian American political scientist and author specializing in Iran's foreign and nuclear affairs, and author of several books, US-Russia And The Asteroid Threat – OpEd, April 13, https://www.eurasiareview.com/13042017-us-russia-and-the-asteroid-threat-oped/~~ Pursuing mining with all nations creates broader cooperationJack M. Beard 17, Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Space, Cyber and Telecommunications Law Program, LLM from Georgetown University, JD from the University of Michigan School of Law, and Former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs) at the Department of Defense, Former Lieutenant Colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the U.S. Army Reserve, "Soft Law's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Spring 2017, 38 U. Pa. J. Int'l L. 335, https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1936andcontext=jil Lexis Cooperative space governance solves inevitable unsustainability on earthDr. Joseph N. Pelton 17, PhD in International Relations from Georgetown University, Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon!, p. 1-9 FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well-beingReducing existential risks is the top priority in any coherent moral theoryPummer, PhD, 15 (Theron, Philosophy @St. Andrews http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/) Non util ethics are impossible, science proves util is inescapable and captures their offenseGreene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant's Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) | 2/15/22 |
JANFEB - 1AC Mining v5Tournament: Palm | Round: 5 | Opponent: Sequioa AS | Judge: Gerard Grigsby AdvantageStatus quo space mining causes deregulation and dangerous mining – multilateralism solves.Edd Gent 20, freelance science and technology writer, "Space Mining Should Be a Global Project—But It's Not Starting Off That Way," Singularity Hub, 10-12-2020, https://singularityhub.com/2020/10/12/the-us-is-trying-to-hijack-space-mining-and-there-could-be-disastrous-consequences/ That sets a dangerous precedent – Multilat solvesMike Wall 20, Senior Space Writer, "US policy could thwart sustainable space development, researchers say," Space, 10-8-2020, https://www.space.com/us-space-policy-mining-artemis-accords Private incentives force a race to deregulateHasin 20 ~GERSHON HASIN, (Fall 2020) J.S.D. Candidate, Yale Law School. An earlier draft of this article was awarded the 2019 Yale Law School, William T. Ketcham, Jr. Prize) ARTICLE: DEVELOPING A GLOBAL ORDER FOR SPACE RESOURCES: A REGIME EVOLUTION APPROACH. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 52, 77. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:6290-VNN1-F1H1-2503-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ That determines government policy and trades off with investmentHasin 20 ~GERSHON HASIN, (Fall 2020) J.S.D. Candidate, Yale Law School. An earlier draft of this article was awarded the 2019 Yale Law School, William T. Ketcham, Jr. Prize) ARTICLE: DEVELOPING A GLOBAL ORDER FOR SPACE RESOURCES: A REGIME EVOLUTION APPROACH. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 52, 77. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:6290-VNN1-F1H1-2503-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ That ensures conflict, debris, and erodes relationsRamin Skibba 18, science writer and astrophysicist based in Santa Cruz and San Diego., " Mining in Space Could Lead to Conflicts on Earth," Nautilus, 5-2-2018, https://nautil.us/blog/-mining-in-space-could-lead-to-conflicts-on-earth Deregulated mining is the key internal link to debrisSutherland 21 ~Hunter Sutherland * (Spring, 2021). STUDENT NOTE: THE STAKES ARE OUT OF THIS WORLD: HOW TO FIX THE SPACE ACT OF 2015. Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, 22, 100. https://advance-lexis-com.puffin.harker.org/api/document?collection=analytical-materialsandid=urn:contentItem:61XM-5GF1-JGBH-B371-00000-00andcontext=1516831.~~ Debris causes cascadesSarah Scoles 15, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, 5-27-2015, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ Asteroid Clusters makes collisions uniquely likely, and the threats underratedDr. Darren McKnight 17, Ph.D., Technical Director for Integrity Applications, Previously Senior Vice President and Director of Science and Technology Strategy at Science Applications International Corporation, "Proposed Series of Orbital Debris Remediation Activities," 3rd International Conference and Exhibition on Satellite and Space Missions, 5/13/2017, https://iaaweb.org/iaa/Scientific20Activity/debrisminutes03166.pdf ~graphics omitted~ That collapses satellites key to environmental monitoring – ExtinctionBen Biggs 18, PhD Researcher in Computer Vision and Deep Learning at the University of Cambridge, "How Satellites Can Protect Planet Earth From Disaster", HowItWorks Daily, 12/22/2018, https://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-satellites-can-protect-planet-earth-from-disaster/ Cascades cause global nuke warLes Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 Extinction – no contained strikes or checksEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG Deregulated mining uniquely causes asteroid collisionsByers and Boley 19 ~Michael Byers, Professor of Political Science at the University of British Columbia, BA in Political Studies and Phd in International Law from Cambridge, Byers has written a number of op-ed articles on space issues. Relax: An asteroid will just miss hitting Earth. But our actions could still have a deep impact. March 19, 2019. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-relax-an-asteroid-will-just-miss-hitting-earth-but-our-actions-could/~~ Extinction – Only cooperation solvesAfrasiabi 17 ~Kaveh. Kaveh L. Afrasiabi, Ph.D. is an Iranian American political scientist and author specializing in Iran's foreign and nuclear affairs, and author of several books, US-Russia And The Asteroid Threat – OpEd, April 13, https://www.eurasiareview.com/13042017-us-russia-and-the-asteroid-threat-oped/~~ Pursuing mining with all nations creates broader cooperationJack M. Beard 17, Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Space, Cyber and Telecommunications Law Program, LLM from Georgetown University, JD from the University of Michigan School of Law, and Former Associate Deputy General Counsel (International Affairs) at the Department of Defense, Former Lieutenant Colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps in the U.S. Army Reserve, "Soft Law's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Spring 2017, 38 U. Pa. J. Int'l L. 335, https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1936andcontext=jil Lexis Cooperative space governance solves inevitable unsustainability on earthDr. Joseph N. Pelton 17, PhD in International Relations from Georgetown University, Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon!, p. 1-9 And it creates a sustainable international order which solves every impactDr. Nancy Gallagher 13. Ph.D., Associate Director for Research at the Center for International and Security Studies and Senior Research Scholar at the University of Maryland's School of Public Policy. 02/11/2013. "International Cooperation and Space Governance Strategy." Space Strategy in the 21st Century: Theory and Policy, Routledge. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well-beingReducing existential risks is the top priority in any coherent moral theoryPummer, PhD, 15 (Theron, Philosophy @St. Andrews http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/) Non util ethics are impossible, science proves util is inescapable and captures their offenseGreene 10 – Joshua, Associate Professor of Social science in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University (The Secret Joke of Kant's Soul published in Moral Psychology: Historical and Contemporary Readings, accessed: www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~lchang/material/Evolutionary/Developmental/Greene-KantSoul.pdf) | 2/15/22 |
NOVDEC - 1AC EUTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fishers GC | Judge: Danielle Dosch | 2/21/22 |
NOVDEC - 1AC EgyptTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison JP | Judge: Morgan Copeland 1ACPlan: The government of the Arab Republic of Egypt ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.1~ New anti-strike laws worsen unemployment, the poverty crisis, threaten the sanctity of unions, and will collapse EgyptBoukhari 10/11 — (Jamal Boukhari, Jamal Boukhari is an Egyptian journalist., "A dangerous new law in Egypt allows for the dismissal of any public employee who opposes the regime", 10-11-2021, https://www.equaltimes.org/a-dangerous-new-law-in-egypt?lang=en~~#.YZQnPL3MJ6d, accessed 11-16-2021, HKR-AR) AND repressive laws to silence employees, but this oppression always leads to disaster." 2~ No RTS provides the sole legal impetus for mass incarceration, intimidation lawsuits, cancelled wages, detentions, and arrestsFLD 19 — (Front Line Defenders, Front Line Defenders was founded in Dublin in 2001 with the specific aim of protecting human rights defenders at risk (HRDs), people who work, non-violently, for any or all of the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Front Line Defenders addresses the protection needs identified by HRDs themselves., 1-14-2019, Available Online at https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/sites/default/files/frontline'defenders'egypt'english'online.pdf, accessed 11-18-2021, HKR-AR) AND of association. The nurses were released and charged dropped in November 2018. 3~ Strikes and the labor movement’s effectiveness have quantitatively decreased during Sisi’s attacks on strike rights – our evidence is casualCharbel 17 — (Jano Charbel, Jano has been a journalist for the last eight years. He took to journalism his passion for labor issues, which he has studied academically, becoming an authority in the field. He is also drawn to environmental issues, which he has also covered., "State responds to recent labor protests with heightened repression and exceptional legal measures", 1-24-2017, Available Online at https://www.madamasr.com/en/2017/01/24/feature/politics/state-responds-to-recent-labor-protests-with-heightened-repression-and-exceptional-legal-measures/, accessed 11-18-2021, HKR-AR) AND to restrictive legislation regulating the right to demonstrate and security crackdowns on dissent. 4~ A strong labor movement and RTS is the only preventative measure to halt large-scale authoritarianism, state collapse, and statewide social inequality that will hurl Egypt into violent conflictHamzawy 17 — (Amr Hamzawy, Amr Hamzawy studied political science and developmental studies in Cairo, The Hague, and Berlin. He was previously a senior associate in the Middle East program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace between 2005 and 2009. Between 2009 and 2010, he served as the research director of the Carnegie Middle East Center in Beirut, Lebanon. He has also served on the faculty at the American University in Cairo, Cairo University, and Stanford University., "Egypt’s Resilient and Evolving Social Activism", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 4-5-2017, https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/04/05/egypt-s-resilient-and-evolving-social-activism-pub-68578, accessed 11-18-2021, HKR-AR) AND in response to the termination of workers’ contracts and their subsequent dismissal.168 5~ Strikes still have revolutionary democratic potential – government suppression nulls collective organizingBeninin 8/8 — (Joel Beinin, Joel Beinin is the Donald J. McLachlan professor of history and professor of Middle East history at Stanford University. His latest book is Workers and Thieves: Labor Movements and Popular Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt (Stanford University Press, 2016)., 8-8-2021, Available Online at https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/08/arab-working-class-uprisings-middle-east-2011-trade-union-federation-tunisia-egypt-joel-beinin-interview, accessed 11-18-2021, HKR-AR) Joel Beinin is the interviewee. Daniel Finn, who is the features editor at Jacobin and the author of One Man’s Terrorist: A Political History of the IRA, is the interviewer. AND too big a task. So that’s where we are now in Egypt. Scenario 1 is Terror:1~ Suppression and incarceration causes mass ISIL recruitment and ME instabilityHRF 7/15 — (Human Rights First, Human Rights First is an independent advocacy and action organization that challenges America to live up to its ideals. We believe American leadership is essential in the global struggle for human rights, so we press the U.S. government and private companies to respect human rights and the rule of law. When they fail, we step in to demand reform, accountability and justice. Around the world, we work where we can best harness American influence to secure core freedoms., 7-15-21, Available Online at https://www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Time20Bombs20Egypt20Final.pdf, accessed 11-19-2021, HKR-AR) AND officer in Istaqbil Tora prison was too scared to go into their cell. 2~ Egypt is key – Sinai Peninsula is a terrorist hotspot that risks global escalation and war with IsraelKane and Braniff 15 — (Sheehan Kane and William Braniff, Sheehan Kane is a faculty research assistant for the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) at START. She holds an M.A. in Middle East Studies from the American University in Cairo and a B.A. in Political Science and International Studies from Elon University. William Braniff is the executive director of START. Braniff is a graduate of the United States Military Academy where he received his bachelor’s degree. Following his Company Command as an Armor Officer in the U.S. Army, Braniff attended the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) where he received a master’s degree in international relations., "Taking the Sinai Province of the Islamic State seriously without helping it destabilize Egypt", No Publication, 11-10-2014, Available Online at https://www.start.umd.edu/news/taking-sinai-province-islamic-state-seriously-without-helping-it-destabilize-egypt, accessed 11-19-2021, HKR-AR) AND " orientation of Hezbollah and Hamas while baiting an invasion of Egyptian sovereignty. 3~ That causes nuclear war with Israel that goes globalBeres 15 — (Louis René Beres, Louis René Beres was educated at Princeton (Ph.D., 1971), and is the author of many major books and articles dealing with Israeli nuclear strategy. For over forty years, he has lectured on this topic at senior Israeli and United States military institutions, and at leading Israeli centers for strategic studies. In 2003, he served as Chair of Project Daniel (Israel)., "Israeli deterrence in the eye of the hurricane", The Jerusalem Post | JPost, 7-12-2015, Available Online at https://www.jpost.com/opinion/israeli-deterrence-in-the-eye-of-the-hurricane-408747, accessed 11-19-2021, HKR-AR) AND border fences, and an uncontrolled mass flight of Palestinians into neighboring Sinai. 4~ Sinai Peninsula is a hotspot - the Suez Canal - Conflcit draws in the U.S. and guaruntees crisisClingan 18 ~(Adm. ret. Bruce Clingan is former Commander of U.S. Naval Forces Europe and U.S. Naval Forces Africa) "Commentary: The U.S. is right to restore aid to Egypt," U.S., 7-31-2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-clingan-egypt-commentary/commentary-the-u-s-is-right-to-restore-aid-to-egypt-idUSKBN1KK1YE~~ whs-ee AND for the United States to get involved in yet another Middle East quagmire. 5~ Nuke war causes extinction – won’t stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC’s William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford’s Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth’s climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG AND two nuclear powers would stay limited to these smaller, less destructive bombs. Scenario 2 is Autocracy:1~ Egyptian autocracy locks-in instability and accelerates regional security concernsTamara Cofman Wittes, PhD, 14 ~PhD Government Georgetown, Director, Center for Middle East Policy @ Brookings~, "Why Democracy in Egypt Still Matters," Brookings, 3-18-2014, https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/why-democracy-in-egypt-still-matters/ C.VC AND one that will advance stability, security and U.S. interests. Solvency:1~ An unconditional RTS is key—it gives workers adequate leverage and has precedentPratt 01 — (Nicola Pratt, Professor of International Politics of the Middle East at Warwick, "Maintaining the Moral Economy: Egyptian State-Labor Relations in an Era of Economic Liberalization", Available Online at https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/people/pratt/publications/n'pratt'maintaining'the'moral'economy.pdf, accessed 11-13-2021, HKR-AR) AND action that could serve as effective weapons for workers in protecting their interests. 2~ Ensuring the right to strike solves democracy and inequalityKiai 17 ~Mr. Maina Kiai, Special Rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, took up his functions as the first Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association in May 2011. He is appointed in his personal capacity as an independent expert by the UN Human Rights Council. "UN rights expert: "Fundamental right to strike must be preserved"." https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21328andLangID=E~~ AND and respected across the globe and in all arenas", the expert concluded. Framingthe standard is maximizing expected wellbeingIndependently:1~ Extinction o/ws – ~a~ trillions of people in future generations means the future holds a lot of value which extinction destroys ~b~ we need to be alive to assign value and debate competing moral theories. Use EM – Evaluate the framework debate as a sliding scale not true/false – weigh probability of framework being true times contention offense – framework serves to prioritize not preclude certain impacts, so only EM is logical – eg util agrees freedom matters, but wellbeing outweighs | 2/21/22 |
SEPTOCT - 1AC PandemicsTournament: Pres | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Patrick Fox 1ACPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines deemed essential during public health emergencies.The intellectual property system is fundamentally mismatched with emergency pandemic conditions – creating a broad precedent that weakens restrictions lays the groundwork for future pandemics that are inevitable. Ensuring we are ready for next time is vitalLindsey 21 ~Brink Lindsey has written on a wide range of topics including trade policy, globalization, American social and cultural history, and the nature of human capital. His current research focuses on economic growth and the policy barriers that impede it. "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix." https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~ AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. There is a proposal now to expand access for COVID vaccines – but tons of WTO member states will vote against it because of pressure from the pharmaceutical industryLoftus and Hopkins 21 ~Peter Loftus writes about the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare from Dow Jones' Philadelphia bureau. His coverage areas include large drug makers such as Merck and Eli Lilly, and the latest developments in drug research. He occasionally writes about non-pharmaceutical news from the Philadelphia region. Jared S. Hopkins is a New York-based reporter for The Wall Street Journal covering the pharmaceutical industry, including companies such as Pfizer Inc. and Merck and Co. He previously was a health-care reporter at Bloomberg News and an investigative reporter at the Chicago Tribune."Covid-19 Vaccine Makers Press Countries to Oppose Patent Waiver." https://www.wsj.com/articles/covid-19-vaccine-makers-press-countries-to-oppose-patent-waiver-11622021402~~ AND send doses, through an international initiative called Covax, to developing nations. COVID highlights just how vulnerable we are to both natural pandemics and man-made biological weapons – the deciding factor in effective response is ensuring people can be vaccinated as fast as possibleLyon 21 ~Regan F Lyon, 7-1-2021, "COVID-19 Response Has Uncovered and Increased Our Vulnerability to Biological Warfare," OUP Academic, https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/186/7-8/193/6135020~~ AND defense strategies, and offer areas for improvement to restore our bioterror security. Reducing IP restrictions on medicine is essential for expanding access – especially in developing countries, where lack of capital and domestic industry makes the same people who are most vulnerable to diseases the least likely to have access to expensive brand-name drugsBaird 13 ~Sean, Boston College of Law. Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice, 33(1), 107-145, 2013, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4, accessed 7-31-21~ AND relaxing data exclu- sivity and compulsory licensing provisions for various drugs.207 Expansion enables domestic manufacturing and innovation that decentralizes pharma supply chainsHRW 6/3 — (Human Rights Watch, "Seven Reasons the EU is Wrong to Oppose the TRIPS Waiver", 6-3-2021, Available Online at https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/03/seven-reasons-eu-wrong-oppose-trips-waiver, accessed 10-5-2021, HKR-AR) AND guaranteed market even before their vaccines were proven to be safe and effective. Building domestic productive capacity is key to future pandemic resilience after COVIDUNCTAD 20 ~The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as an intergovernmental organization intended to promote the interests of developing states in world trade. UNCTAD is the part of the United Nations Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. "COVID-19 heightens need for pharmaceutical production in poor countries." https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-heightens-need-pharmaceutical-production-poor-countries~~ AND . Makhoana said. "We cannot continue to rely on external sources." ====Preventing pandemics should be our main priority – climate change and a host of other factors make them more common and more dangerous, so ensuring we are as ready as possible is key==== AND access to healthcare is extremely limited due to their states’ limitations on Medicaid. New diseases cause extinction – uniquely probable due to environmental changes.Mooney 21 — (Tom Mooney, Senior Communications and Advocacy Manager for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, "Preparing for the next "Disease X"", CEPI, 2-1-21, Available Online at https://cepi.net/news'cepi/preparing-for-the-next-disease-x/, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND , we could credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. Distributed manufacturing capacity is key – donations are insufficient for COVID and future pandemics because of capacity, speed, and supplyMaxmen 9/15/21 ~Amy Maxmen is an American science writer and journalist who is a senior reporter at Nature. She covers evolution, medicine, science policy and scientists. She was awarded the Victor Kohn Prize for Excellence in Medical Science Reporting for her coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic. "The fight to manufacture COVID vaccines in lower-income countries." https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02383-z~~ AND says, "We can’t fix vaccine inequalities until vaccine manufacturing is distributed." Only 0.9 of the developing world has the vaccine – capacity to produce it exists, but intellectual property restrictions are preventing production. Expanding access is key – it stops mutations and variants that take us back to square one on COVIDErfani et al 21 ~Parsa Erfani MD Candidate at Harvard Medical School. "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity." https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837~~ AND choking of low and middle income countries (LMICs) through poor health. FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. Intuitions outweigh—they’re the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can’t deductively determine why.4~ Extinction o/ws under any framework- moral uncertainty and future gensPummer 15 — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, "Moral Agreement on Saving the World", Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-18-2015, Available Online at http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/, accessed 7-2-2018, HKR-AM) we do not endorse ableist language= AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) | 2/21/22 |
SEPTOCT - 1AC Pandemics v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula AB | Judge: Annabelle Long Plan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for emergency use listing medicines during public health emergencies of international concern.1~ The intellectual property system is fundamentally mismatched with emergency pandemic conditions. Ensuring we are ready for next time is vitalLindsey 21 ~Brink Lindsey has written on a wide range of topics including trade policy, globalization, American social and cultural history, and the nature of human capital. His current research focuses on economic growth and the policy barriers that impede it. "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix." https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/~~ AND employ other, more direct means to incentivize the development of new drugs. 2~ COVID highlights our vulnerability to both natural pandemics and human-made biological weapons—access is keyLyon 21 ~Regan F Lyon, 7-1-2021, "COVID-19 Response Has Uncovered and Increased Our Vulnerability to Biological Warfare," OUP Academic, https://academic.oup.com/milmed/article/186/7-8/193/6135020~~ AND defense strategies, and offer areas for improvement to restore our bioterror security. 3~ Reducing IP is essential for expanding access – developing countries lack capital and domestic industry meaning the most vulnerable have the least accessBaird 13 ~Sean, Boston College of Law. Magic and Hope: Relaxing Trips-Plus Provisions to Promote Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals. Boston College Journal of Law and Social Justice, 33(1), 107-145, 2013, http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/jlsj/vol33/iss1/4, accessed 7-31-21~ AND from the market while patent holders maintain monopolistic control over pharmaceutical prices.118 4~ Expansion enables domestic manufacturing and innovation that decentralizes pharma supply chainsHRW 6/3 — (Human Rights Watch, "Seven Reasons the EU is Wrong to Oppose the TRIPS Waiver", 6-3-2021, Available Online at https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/06/03/seven-reasons-eu-wrong-oppose-trips-waiver, accessed 10-5-2021, HKR-AR) AND guaranteed market even before their vaccines were proven to be safe and effective. 5~ Building domestic productive capacity is key to future pandemic resilience after COVIDUNCTAD 20 ~The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as an intergovernmental organization intended to promote the interests of developing states in world trade. UNCTAD is the part of the United Nations Secretariat dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. "COVID-19 heightens need for pharmaceutical production in poor countries." https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-heightens-need-pharmaceutical-production-poor-countries~~ AND . Makhoana said. "We cannot continue to rely on external sources." 6~ Counterfeiting, innovation, donation, and manufacturing arguments are all wrong—strong domestic manufacturing is essential to pandemic containmentGostin 9/27 — (Lawrence O Gostin, Lawrence O. Gostin is professor of global health law, Georgetown University, and directs the World Health Organization Center on Global Health Law. His book "Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future"will be published in Oct. 2021, "Biden’s plan to vaccinate the world won’t work. Here’s a better one. ", Washington Post, 9-27-2021, Available Online at https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/09/27/biden-vaccines-globe-inequity-donations/, accessed 10-5-2021, HKR-AR) AND vaccine technology but they, too, require cooperation from Pfizer and Moderna. 7~ Only 0.9 of the developing world has the vaccine – capacity exists, but intellectual property prevent production. Access is key – it stops variants that take us back to square one on COVIDErfani et al 21 ~Parsa Erfani MD Candidate at Harvard Medical School. "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity." https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837~~ AND choking of low and middle income countries (LMICs) through poor health. 8~ Pharma would cut marketing not researchLight 17 — Donald W. Light, Professor of Psychiatry and Medical Sociology, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine Visiting Researcher, Division of Medical Ethics, NYU School of Medicine, 6-2-2017, Date Accessed: 11-11-2017, "Debunking The Pharmaceutical Research ‘Free Rider’ Myth: A response To Yu, Helms, And Bach" Health Affairs, http://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20170602.060376/full/ AND prices by promoting the myth that lower prices will reduce research and innovation? 9~ New diseases cause extinction – uniquely probable due to environmental changes.Mooney 21 — (Tom Mooney, Senior Communications and Advocacy Manager for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, "Preparing for the next "Disease X"", CEPI, 2-1-21, Available Online at https://cepi.net/news'cepi/preparing-for-the-next-disease-x/, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND , we could credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. 10~ Pandemics increase the risk of regional and dyadic conflict—best case studies from COVID prove. Negative examples solely analyze the beginnings of pandemics, continued transmission will give rise to instability and conflictIde 20 — (Tobias Ide, Tobias Ide’s research broadly focuses on the intersections of environmental change and environmental politics with peace, conflict, and security. In my current research, I assess the impact of disasters on conflict dynamics, the security implications of climate change, and environmental peacebuilding processes. Further academic interests of me include climate politics, peace and conflict studies, international politics, and the critical geopolitics of education. I employ various quantitative and qualitative research methods, including qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and field research. My teaching is guided by three principles: (1) introduce the core theoretical foundations of a field, (2) explore their usefulness in the context of real word developments and practical examples, and (3) utilise interactive methods to increase learning success. I hold an MA in Political Science (Leipzig, 2012), a PhD in Earth Sciences (Hamburg, 2015) and an advanced PhD (Habilitation) in Political Science (Braunschweig, 2019). Previously, I worked at the Georg Eckert Institute and the University of Melbourne, and held visiting positions at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and the American University in Washington DC. My research has attracted funding by various external bodies (see Awards and grants). I published in leading disciplinary and interdisciplinary journals, including Global Environmental Change, International Affairs, International Studies Review, Journal of Peace Research, Nature Climate Change, and World Development (see Publications). Furthermore, I am a director of the Environmental Peacebuilding Association (EnPAx) and have consulted several decision makers (see Professional and community service)., "COVID-19 and armed conflict",Available Online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X20304836?via3Dihub, accessed 10-6-2021, HKR-AR) AND to experience civil wars than consolidated democracies (Cederman and Vogt, 2017). 11~ Economic rebound is uneven and concentrated in the North - vaccine distribution is keyFairless et al 7-30 Tom Fairless In Frankfurt, Stella Yifan Xie In Hong Kong and Aaisha Dadi Patel In Johannesburg, 7-30-2021, "World Economy Caps Extraordinary Return From Covid-19 Collapse," WSJ, https://www.wsj.com/articles/world-economy-caps-extraordinary-return-from-covid-19-collapse-11627643509 AND up to 15 lower than in 2019, Mr. Sixt said. 12~ COVID proves that the aff is necessary it necessarily increases cooperation and creates a legal foundationSiva Thambisetty et al., 5-24-2021, "The TRIPS Intellectual Property Waiver Proposal: Creating the Right Incentives in Patent Law and Politics to end the COVID-19 Pandemic," No Publication, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=3851737 AND the quest for ‘super profits’ amid inequalities of production and distribution.157 13~ EULWHO ND — (World Health Organization, "Diagnostics laboratory emergency use listing" , Available Online at https://www.who.int/teams/regulation-prequalification/eul, accessed 10-9-2021, HKR-AR) AND of IVDs) and apply for WHO prequalification once the product is licensed. 14~ Public health emergency of international concernCFR 21 — ( "What Does the World Health Organization Do?", Council on Foreign Relations, 1-29-2021, Available Online at https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-does-world-health-organization-do, accessed 10-7-2021, HKR-AR) AND 2019; and amid the global outbreak of the new coronavirus in 2020. | 1/26/22 |
SEPTOCT - 1AC Trade SecretsTournament: Long Beach | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake MT | Judge: Sam Larson 1AC1Advantage 1 is WhistleblowingEuropean trade secrets protections for medicine chill whistleblowing – that undermines public health and drug efficacyHAI et al 14 — (Health Action International and a coalition of other NGOs, HAI works to expand health access in Europe, "EU trade secrets directive threat to health, environment, free speech and worker mobility", 12-17-14, Available Online at https://corporateeurope.org/sites/default/files/attachments/statement'-'eu'trade'secrets'directive'needs'amendments.pdf, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND disseminate information should be the rule, and trade secret protection the exception. Current law places the burden of proof on whistleblowers, which reinforces legal uncertainty – empirics prove a lack of accountability for corporations.Moody 16 — (Glyn Moody, Contributing Policy Editor at Ars Technica. He has been writing about the Internet, free software, copyright, patents and digital rights for over 20 years., "New EU trade secrets law could jail whistleblowers, block drug trial data access", Ars Technica, 4-14-16, Available Online at https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/04/new-eu-trade-secrets-law-whistleblowers-journalists-drug-trials/, accessed 8-27-21, HKR-AM) AND trial, "citing French laws that protect the release of trade secrets." This burden structure makes intimidation lawsuits inevitable, further deterring whistleblowing.CEO 17 — (Corporate Europe Observatory, non-profit research and campaign group whose declared aim is to "expose any effects of corporate lobbying on EU policy making"., "Adapting the EU Directive on Trade Secrets ‘Protection’ into National Law", February 2017, Available Online at https://corporateeurope.org/sites/default/files/attachments/trade'secrets'protection'directive'-'a'transposition'briefing.pdf, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND in countries where legal protection for media sources is weak or even absent. Effective protections for European medical whistleblowers are crucial to strengthening public health and preventing pandemics – COVID was the test runDreyfus and Galizzi 20 — (Suelette Dreyfus, PhD, Researcher at the University of Melbourne, and Bruno Galizzi, part of the Blueprint for Free Speech Spain, "Protect whistleblowers, protect everyone's health", 5-19-20, Blueprint for Free Speech, Available Online at https://www.blueprintforfreespeech.net/en/news/protect-whistleblowers-protect-everyones-health, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND operation of the institutions, in defense of our fundamental and human rights. New diseases cause extinction – uniquely probable due to environmental changes.Mooney 21 — (Tom Mooney, Senior Communications and Advocacy Manager for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, "Preparing for the next "Disease X"", CEPI, 2-1-21, Available Online at https://cepi.net/news'cepi/preparing-for-the-next-disease-x/, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND , we could credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. 2Advantage 2 is Uniformity
EU trade secret regulations are fragmented – lack of clear standards on protection across countries undermine businesses. Uniform trade secret legislation is key – single state exceptions doom growth.Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND the EU’s and its Member States’ capacity for an effective enforcement mechanism.97 European consistency in trade secret whistleblowing laws is key – current legal vagueness create uncertainty for whistleblowers and businessesJunge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 8-27-21, HKR-AM) AND of national laws and to the aims targeted by the Trade Secrets Directive. The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solvesJunge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND the Trade Secrets Directive even more, but might have been politically unenforceable. The EU is a global leader in pandemic response, but, the cohesion and increased health security that the aff promotes is key to preserving that leadershipVeron and Di Ciommo 20 – Veron, Pauline, and Di Ciommo, Mariella, October 2020 – "The EU’s Role in Global Health in the Era of COVID-19," The European Centre for Development Policy Management, Pauline Veron is a Junior Policy Officer for the European External Affairs programme (75) and Migration programme (25). She has an undergraduate degree in Political Science Science Po Strasbourg with time at Trinity College Dublin, and a Masters in Public Administration and another in International Relations and Regional Integration Process also from Science Po Strasbourg. Mariella Di Ciommo is a Policy Officer in the European External Affairs programme. Before joining ECDPM she worked in different roles at Development Initiatives in the UK and then in Brazil. In Brazil, as a Strategic Partnerships Manager, she led DI’s work on data for development at country level and international engagement on South-South cooperation, climate finance and poverty. She holds a master in Social Anthropology from the London School of Economics and one in Economics from Bocconi University. ~Harker KB~ AND health. It will require action at country, regional and global level. Independently, whistleblowing protections are key to preserving market dynamics and increasing investment.Abazi 16 — (Vigjilenca Abazi, Assistant Professor @ Maastricht University, "Trade Secrets and Whistleblower Protection in the European Union", European Papers, Vol. 1, 2016, No 3, European Forum, Insight of 3 September 2016, pp. 1061-1072, Available Online at https://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/europeanforum/trade-secrets-and-whistleblower-protection-in-the-eu, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND the Commission would propose a legislative act on whistleblower protection in the EU. European economic decline causes multiple scenarios for global warWright 12 ~Thomas Wright, fellow with the Managing Global Order at the Brookings Institution. What if Europe Fails? 2012. http://csis.org/files/publication/twq12SummerWright.pdf~~ AND crisis that could have been avoided had better decisions been taken earlier on. SolvencyPlan Text: The member states of the European Union ought to reduce trade secret protections for medicines by requiring that plaintiffs prove that the acquisition, use, and disclosure of the trade secret did not pertain to revealing misconduct, wrongdoing, or illegal activity, or to protecting the general public interest.The plan shifts the burden of proof from whistleblowers to companies.Abazi 16 — (Vigjilenca Abazi, Assistant Professor @ Maastricht University, "Trade Secrets and Whistleblower Protection in the European Union", European Papers, Vol. 1, 2016, No 3, European Forum, Insight of 3 September 2016, pp. 1061-1072, Available Online at https://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/europeanforum/trade-secrets-and-whistleblower-protection-in-the-eu, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND legal context of (the missing) whistleblower protection in EU Member States. That expands the whistleblowing exception to trade secret protections by restricting employer discretion, which reduces the extent of trade secret protections.Vandekerckhove 21 — (Wim Vandekerckhove, Professor of Business Ethics @ University of Greenwich and co-Director of the Centre for Research in Employment and Work, Phd in Applied Ethics from Ghent University, "Is It Freedom? The Coming About of the EU Directive on Whistleblower Protection", Journal of Business Ethics (2021), Available Online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-021-04771-x, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND context of (the missing) whistleblower protection in EU Member States.’ | 2/21/22 |
SEPTOCT - 1AC Trade Secrets v2Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Proof DR | Judge: Chris Theis 1AC1Advantage 1 is WhistleblowingEuropean trade secrets protections chill whistleblowing – that undermines public health and drug efficacyHAI et al 14 — (Health Action International and a coalition of other NGOs, HAI works to expand health access in Europe, "EU trade secrets directive threat to health, environment, free speech and worker mobility", 12-17-14, Available Online at https://corporateeurope.org/sites/default/files/attachments/statement'-'eu'trade'secrets'directive'needs'amendments.pdf, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND disseminate information should be the rule, and trade secret protection the exception. Current law places the burden of proof on whistleblowers, which reinforces legal uncertainty – empirics prove a lack of accountability for corporations.Moody 16 — (Glyn Moody, Contributing Policy Editor at Ars Technica. He has been writing about the Internet, free software, copyright, patents and digital rights for over 20 years., "New EU trade secrets law could jail whistleblowers, block drug trial data access", Ars Technica, 4-14-16, Available Online at https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/04/new-eu-trade-secrets-law-whistleblowers-journalists-drug-trials/, accessed 8-27-21, HKR-AM) AND trial, "citing French laws that protect the release of trade secrets." This burden structure makes intimidation lawsuits inevitable, further deterring whistleblowing.CEO 17 — (Corporate Europe Observatory, non-profit research and campaign group whose declared aim is to "expose any effects of corporate lobbying on EU policy making"., "Adapting the EU Directive on Trade Secrets ‘Protection’ into National Law", February 2017, Available Online at https://corporateeurope.org/sites/default/files/attachments/trade'secrets'protection'directive'-'a'transposition'briefing.pdf, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND in countries where legal protection for media sources is weak or even absent. Effective protections for European medical whistleblowers are crucial to strengthening public health and preventing pandemics – COVID was the test runDreyfus and Galizzi 20 — (Suelette Dreyfus, PhD, Researcher at the University of Melbourne, and Bruno Galizzi, part of the Blueprint for Free Speech Spain, "Protect whistleblowers, protect everyone's health", 5-19-20, Blueprint for Free Speech, Available Online at https://www.blueprintforfreespeech.net/en/news/protect-whistleblowers-protect-everyones-health, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND operation of the institutions, in defense of our fundamental and human rights. New diseases cause extinction – uniquely probable due to environmental changes.Mooney 21 — (Tom Mooney, Senior Communications and Advocacy Manager for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, "Preparing for the next "Disease X"", CEPI, 2-1-21, Available Online at https://cepi.net/news'cepi/preparing-for-the-next-disease-x/, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND , we could credibly aim to eliminate the risk of epidemics and pandemics. 2Advantage 2 is Uniformity
EU trade secret regulations are fragmented – lack of clear standards on protection across countries undermine businesses. Uniform trade secret legislation is key – single state exceptions doom growth.Junge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND the EU’s and its Member States’ capacity for an effective enforcement mechanism.97 European consistency in trade secret whistleblowing laws is key – current legal vagueness create uncertainty for whistleblowers and businessesJunge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 8-27-21, HKR-AM) AND of national laws and to the aims targeted by the Trade Secrets Directive. The status quo’s minimum harmonization approach is unsustainable – only the plan’s universal and maximal mandate solvesJunge 16 — (Fabian Junge, Law @ Maastricht University, "THE NECESSITY OF EUROPEAN HARMONIZATION IN THE AREA OF TRADE SECRETS", MAASTRICHT EUROPEAN PRIVATE LAW INSTITUTE WORKING PAPER No. 2016/04, Available Online at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=2839693, accessed 9-8-21, HKR-AM) AND the Trade Secrets Directive even more, but might have been politically unenforceable. Increased cohesion is key to augmenting EU leadership during future pandemics.Veron and Di Ciommo 20 – Veron, Pauline, and Di Ciommo, Mariella, October 2020 – "The EU’s Role in Global Health in the Era of COVID-19," The European Centre for Development Policy Management, Pauline Veron is a Junior Policy Officer for the European External Affairs programme (75) and Migration programme (25). She has an undergraduate degree in Political Science Science Po Strasbourg with time at Trinity College Dublin, and a Masters in Public Administration and another in International Relations and Regional Integration Process also from Science Po Strasbourg. Mariella Di Ciommo is a Policy Officer in the European External Affairs programme. Before joining ECDPM she worked in different roles at Development Initiatives in the UK and then in Brazil. In Brazil, as a Strategic Partnerships Manager, she led DI’s work on data for development at country level and international engagement on South-South cooperation, climate finance and poverty. She holds a master in Social Anthropology from the London School of Economics and one in Economics from Bocconi University. ~Harker KB~ AND health. It will require action at country, regional and global level. Independently, whistleblowing protections are key to preserving market dynamics and increasing investment.Abazi 16 — (Vigjilenca Abazi, Assistant Professor @ Maastricht University, "Trade Secrets and Whistleblower Protection in the European Union", European Papers, Vol. 1, 2016, No 3, European Forum, Insight of 3 September 2016, pp. 1061-1072, Available Online at https://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/europeanforum/trade-secrets-and-whistleblower-protection-in-the-eu, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND the Commission would propose a legislative act on whistleblower protection in the EU. European economic decline causes multiple scenarios for global warWright 12 ~Thomas Wright, fellow with the Managing Global Order at the Brookings Institution. What if Europe Fails? 2012. http://csis.org/files/publication/twq12SummerWright.pdf~~ AND crisis that could have been avoided had better decisions been taken earlier on. SolvencyPlan Text: The member states of the European Union ought to reduce trade secret protections for medicines by requiring that plaintiffs prove that the acquisition, use, and disclosure of the trade secret did not pertain to revealing misconduct, wrongdoing, or illegal activity, or to protecting the general public interest.The plan shifts the burden of proof from whistleblowers to companies.Abazi 16 — (Vigjilenca Abazi, Assistant Professor @ Maastricht University, "Trade Secrets and Whistleblower Protection in the European Union", European Papers, Vol. 1, 2016, No 3, European Forum, Insight of 3 September 2016, pp. 1061-1072, Available Online at https://www.europeanpapers.eu/en/europeanforum/trade-secrets-and-whistleblower-protection-in-the-eu, accessed 9-9-21, HKR-AM) AND legal context of (the missing) whistleblower protection in EU Member States. That expands the whistleblowing exception to trade secret protections by restricting employer discretion, which reduces the extent of trade secret protections.Vandekerckhove 21 — (Wim Vandekerckhove, Professor of Business Ethics @ University of Greenwich and co-Director of the Centre for Research in Employment and Work, Phd in Applied Ethics from Ghent University, "Is It Freedom? The Coming About of the EU Directive on Whistleblower Protection", Journal of Business Ethics (2021), Available Online at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-021-04771-x, accessed 9-10-21, HKR-AM) AND context of (the missing) whistleblower protection in EU Member States.’ FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ No intent-foresight distinction—if we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.4~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. Intuitions outweigh—they’re the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can’t deductively determine why.5~ Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at allB~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable education6~ extinction o/ws under any framework- moral uncertainty and future gensPummer 15 — (Theron Pummer, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, "Moral Agreement on Saving the World", Practical Ethics University of Oxford, 5-18-2015, Available Online at http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/05/moral-agreement-on-saving-the-world/, accessed 7-2-2018, HKR-AM) we do not endorse ableist language= AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) | 2/24/22 |
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