1AC - China 1NC - T-Nebel - Asteroid Mining PIC - Xi Lashout DA - Case 1AR - PICs bad - All 2NR - Asteroid Mining PIC 2AR - Case - PIC
College Prep
Semis
Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Park - Krause - Loofbourrow
1AC - Global Commons 1NC - T-Negative Action - Xi Lashout DA - ILAW Regulation CP - Case 1AR - Condo - All 2NR - T-Extra 2AR - T
Harvard Westlake
1
Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Eric Deng
1AC - China 1NC - REM PIC - US-Coop CP - Econ DA - Case 1AR - Multi plank CP bad - All 2NR - US-Coop CP - Econ DA - Case 2AR - Case - DA - CP
Harvard Westlake
3
Opponent: Harker RM | Judge: Andrew Gong
1AC - Space mining 1NC - T-Positive Action - Unilaterialism CP - Case 1AR - IVIs - T - Case - CP 2NR - IVIs - CP 2AR - Case - CP
Harvard Westlake
5
Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: Tej Gedela
1AC - Auction 1NC - T-Negative action - Util NC - Xi Lashout DA - Con con CP - Case 1AR - RVI - All 2NR - Con con CP 2AR - RVI
Harvard Westlake
Doubles
Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Dosch - Dosch - Mizrahi
1AC - Mining 1NC - ILAW Regulation CP - Space deterrence DA - Space mining good DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - ILAW Regulation Cp - Space mining good DA - Case 2AR - Case - CP - DA
1AC - Space mining 1NC - Disclose changes - ILAW Regulation CP - Space mining good DA - Case 1AR - Condo - All 2NR - ILAW Regulation CP - Space mining good DA - Case 2AR - Case - CP - DA
Harvard Westlake
Quarters
Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: Le - Pandey - Mork
1AC - Final Frontier 1NC - T-FW - India PIC - Case 1AR - All 2NR - T-FW 2AR - Case - T
Jack Howe Invitational
1
Opponent: Canyon Crest ED | Judge: Richard Li
1AC - WTO Legitimacy COVID 1NC - Biotech DA - Bioterror DA - Climate Patents DA - COVAX CP - Case 1AR - All 2NR - COVAX CP - Case 2AR - Case - CP
Jack Howe Invitational
4
Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Asher Towner
1AC - EU 1NC - T-Reduce - T-ought - Innovation DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Innovation DA - Case 2AR - Case - DA
1AC - TRIPs 1NC - Climate Patents DA - Consult WHO CP - India Soft Power DA - Vaccine Diplomacy CP - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Vaccine Diplomacy CP - Case 2AR - Case - CP
Jack Howe Invitational
Semis
Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Channa - Pirisingula
1AC - Cap AFF 1NC - New AFFs Bad - Innovation DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - New affs bad 2AR - Case - New affs bad
Jack Howe Invitational
6
Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Albert Cardenas
1AC - Baudrillard 1NC - T-FW - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Baudrillard Reps K - Heg good - case 2AR - Case
Loyola Invitational
1
Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela
1AC - COVID Waivers 1NC - Innovation DA - Dual use PIC - Vaccine diplomacy CP - Biotech DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Vaccine Diplomacy CP - Biotech DA - Case 2AR - Case - CP - DA
Loyola Invitational
4
Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Joshua St Peter
1AC - Prag util 1NC - Combo shell - Psycho K - Case 1AR - New shell - All 2NR - Combo shell 2AR - Combo shell
Loyola Invitational
6
Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi
1AC - Evergreening 1NC - Climate change DA - Bioterror DA - India Soft Power DA - Vaccine Diplomacy CP - Single Payer CP - Case 1AR - Condo - PICs - All 2NR - Single payer CP - Case 2AR - PICs
Loyola Invitational
Doubles
Opponent: Plano NG | Judge: Castillo - Cryan - Torrez
1AC - Evergreening 1NC - Single Payer CP - Bioterror DA - Bioterror PIC - Climate Patents DA - Infrastructure DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Single Payer CP - Case 2AR - Case - straight turn on bioterror DA
Loyola Invitational
Octas
Opponent: Evergreen Valley SS | Judge: Le - Kuffour - Bukowsky
1AC - Impossible demands 1NC - T-FW - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Case 2AR - Case
1AC - Vaccine Imperialism 1NC - WTO Bad Disad - Fund global south CP - Climate patents DA - Bioterror PIC - Orphan drugs PIC - Case 1AR - Condo bad - PICs bad - All 2NR - Bioterror PIC 2AR - Condo bad
Loyola Invitational
Semis
Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David - Danielle - Gordon
1AC - Cannabis 1NC - T-reduce - T-medicine - Infrastructure DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - T-reduce 2AR - T
1AC - COVID Waiver 1NC - Biotech DA - Climate Patents DA - Bioterror PIC - India Soft Power DA - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Climate Patents DA - Case 2AR - All
Meadows Invitational
4
Opponent: Westwood VLo | Judge: Asher Towner
1AC - Biopiracy 1NC - Innovation DA - Swakokpmund Protocol CP - Case 1AR - Condo PICs - All 2NR - Innovation DA - Swakokpmund Protocol CP - Case 2AR - Extinction rhetoric independent issue - condo pics bad
Meadows Invitational
5
Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Truman Le
1AC - COVID 1NC - WTO Bad DA - Climate Patents DA - WHO CP - US Funding CP - India Soft Power DA - Case 1AR - Condo - All 2NR - US Funding CP - India Soft Power DA - Case 2AR - Case - CP - DA
Meadows Invitational
Doubles
Opponent: Valley MM | Judge: Krauss - Jasani - Le
1AC - Asian Mimicry 1NC - T-FW - Cap K - Case 1AR - All 2NR - T-FW - Case 2AR - Case - T-FW
1AC - Hapticality 1NC - T-FW - Algorithmic governance DA - Redaction CP - Incompleteness PIK - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Case 2AR - Case
Palm Classic
2
Opponent: Mountain House ES | Judge: Truman Le
1AC - Mars 1NC - Disclosure Theory - Nebel-T - Combo shell - Xi lashout DA - Democracy on Mars CP - Case 1AR - RVI - All 2NR - Democracy on Mars CP - Xi lashout DA - Case 2AR - All
Palm Classic
4
Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Grant Brown
1AC - Set col 1NC - T-FW - Global forum CP - Case 1AR - All 2NR - Global forum CP - Case 2AR - Case - CP
Palm Classic
6
Opponent: Stockdale ES | Judge: Trevor Turner
1AC - Baudrillard 1NC - Extra-T - SBSP PIC - Case 1AR - All 2NR - SBSP PIC - Case 2AR - Case - PIC
contact me if you have any questions/comments/concerns + I'm willing to meet any interps, trigger warnings, etc. just ask
7/25/21
0 - Navigation
Tournament: Any | Round: Finals | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any 0 - Important Stuff 1 - Generics SEPTOCT - September/October Topic NOVDEC - November/December Topic JANFEB - January/February Topic
7/25/21
1 - CT - Baudrillard is sexist
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Albert Cardenas Baudrillard is so misogynist that he literally advocates for sacrificing women to death—seriously, stop reading the theory of dead French dudes and do better Brodribb 92 (Somer Brodribb teaches feminist theory/politics and women’s social and political thought at the University of Victoria, British Columbia. She has worked with the Yukon Indian Women’s Association to establish an emergency shelter for Native and non-Native women, and as a Canadian contact for the Feminist International Network in Resistance to Reproductive and Genetic Engineering (FINRRAGE). She studied in the Feminist focus of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, NOTHING MAT(T)ERS: A Feminist Critique of Postmodernism, First published by Spinifex Press, 1992, JKS) Jean Baudrillard blames AND of the male
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Channa - Pirisingula Growth is sustainable, physical limits aren’t absolute, AND resource use is declining now-~--degrowth unleashes global disaster Bailey 18 Ronald; February 16; B.A. in Economics from the University of Virginia, member of the Society of Environmental Journalists and the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, citing a compilation of interdisciplinary research; Reason, “Is Degrowth the Only Way to Save the World?” https://reason.com/2018/02/16/is-degrowth-the-only-way-to-save-the-wor; RP Unless us folks AND faster economic growth.
Extinction’s inevitable-~--only growth can sustain colonization and solve extinction Skran 16 Dale Skran is Executive Vice President of the National Space Society and a member of the Board of Directors of the Alliance for Space Development. “Settling space is the only sustainable reason for humans to be in space,” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2915/1 As robotic and AND motivation for space settlement
Yes Transition Wars and they cause Extinction Nyquist 5 J.R. Nyquist 2-4-2005 “The Political Consequences of a Financial Crash” www.financialsense.com/stormw...2005/0204.html (renowned expert in geopolitics and international relations)Elmer Should the United States AND prevented at all costs
9/22/21
1 - CT - Hapticality Bad
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Homestead SL | Judge: Barquin - Ribera - Astacio Their re-tooling of Communication gets coopted within the university – this ev is unbelievably fire Webb, Darren. "Bolt-holes and breathing spaces in the system: On forms of academic resistance (or, can the university be a site of utopian possibility?)." Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies 40.2 (2018): 96-118. (Senior Lecturer in Education at the University of Sheffield)Elmer It is easy AND one at that
The 1AC’s demand for the haptic is the very invasion of captive space of blackness which uniquely traps black women between the two-sided force of public discipline and private sexual coercion. Spillers 17, Hortense. "Shades of Intimacy: Women in the Time of Revolution." NOTE – This was originally transcribed and cut by Greg Zoda, Presentation at the Barnard Center for Research on Women, February 16 (2017). (Professor of English at Vanderbilt University, PhD in English from Brandeis University)Elmer This weave of AND seeks to create
11/1/21
1 - CT - Heg Good
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Independent WW | Judge: Albert Cardenas Nuanced debates about the necessity of internationalism lock in deep engagement-~--the public is primed to ignore the benefits of great-power peace in favor of shallow indictments of its cost. Brands 18 Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 21-23 Fifth and finally AND a quarter century
Primacy solves arms races, land grabs, rogue states, and great power war – reject old defense that ignores emerging instability and compounding risk Brands 18 Hal, Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments." American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump." Page 129-133 Since World War AND a quarter century
Education about military strategy is good – it’s key to military effectiveness and humanitarian missions that outweigh. Toronto 15 Dr. Nathan W. Toronto is an associate professor of Strategy and Security Studies at the United Arab Emirates National Defense College. 5/26. "Does Military Education Matter?" https://www.e-ir.info/2015/05/26/does-military-education-matter/ Military education is AND for military success
9/22/21
1 - CT - Humanism Good
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Evergreen Valley SS | Judge: Le - Kuffour - Bukowsky Antiblackness is not ontological - 1 Theoretically – Heirarchies are malleable and the result of specific policy choices with material incentives Harari 15 Yuval Noah Harari, Israeli historian and a tenured professor in the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, specializing in World History, Doctorate in Philosophy from Oxford University, and an acclaimed author whose first book, Sapiens, was an international bestseller that received lavish praise by figures ranging from Barack Obama to Bill Gates, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, tr. by Yuval Harari with help from John Purcell and Haim Watzman, HarperCollins: Broadway, NY, 2015, p. 133-144 UNDERSTANDING HUMAN HISTORY AND real – social structures
2 Materially – A confluence of statistical factors prove racial progress is possible and occurring. Hochschild 17 (Jennifer L. Hochschild , Professor of Government, African and African American Studies, and the Chair of the Department of Government (Harvard University), Chair in American Law and Governance at the Library of Congress, President of the American Political Science Association, “Left Pessimism and Political Science,” Perspectives on Politics, Volume 15, Issue 1, March 15th, p. 6-19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592716004102modified to allow for more humanizing frames) Is Pessimism the AND body mass index
Anti-Blackness isn’t ontological, is an ahistorical reading of the Black Radical Tradition, and their theory actively forecloses the capacity for revolutionary change. Brown 19 Marcus Brown 8-24-2019 https://content.redvoice.news/bad-faith-and-afropessimism-notes-toward-a-debate/ (PhD candidate in the Department of Philosophy at Stony Brook University)Elmer As should by AND of decolonizing humanity
Blackness isn’t historically calcified and their reading runs counter to the Black radical tradition Kelley 17 Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at UCLA (Robin D.G., “Robin D.G. Kelley and Fred Moten In Conversation,” transcribed from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP-2F9MXjRE, 1:57:36-2:02:56, dml) KELLEY: Um, Fred AND satisfactory, but yeah
Humanism that’s oriented “to praxis in this world” is good – it’s not “all lives matter” but necessary to cultivate black endurance. Pithouse 16 Richard PITHOUSE, senior researcher, programme coordinator and supervisor at the Unit for Humanities at Rhodes University, 16 “Frantz Fanon: Philosophy, Praxis, and the Occult Zone,” Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy, Vol. XXIV, No 1, 2016, p. 116-138, http://www.jffp.org/ojs/index.php/jffp/article/viewFile/761/723 Racism, as ideology AND history of waste
Externally, environmental sustainability – extinction. David Victor 19, professor of international relations at the School of Global Policy and Strategy and director of the Laboratory on International Law and Regulation, Co-Chair of the Brookings Initiative on Energy and Climate, 1/10/19, “How artificial intelligence will affect the future of energy and climate,” https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-artificial-intelligence-will-affect-the-future-of-energy-and-climate/ HOW AI WILL IMPROVE AND climate impacts response
11/1/21
1 - FW - Util
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: Octas | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Towner - Agler - Clark-Villanueva Ethics begin a posteriori.
Knowledge is based on experience – I wouldn’t know 2+2=4 without experience of objects nor the color red without some experience of color. We can’t obtain evidence of goodness without experience. 2. Indifference – Even if there are apriori moral truths, I can choose to ignore them. Cognition is binding – if I put my hand on a hot stove, I can’t turn off my natural aversion to it. Independently, pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, “Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies”, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Pleasure is not only AND addiction or RDS.
Thus, the standard is maximizing expected well-being or act hedonistic util. Prefer additionally –
1 Death is bad and outweighs – a) agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b) it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life 2 Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.
Extinction first – 1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible 2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessities 3 – Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people 4 – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical 5 – Moral uncertainty – if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it
9/20/21
1 - K - Capitalism
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Valley MM | Judge: Krauss - Jasani - Le Debate is a massive network of scholars, activists, policymakers, all of whom can and should orient their energy toward the production of a better world – the presumption that we should not challenge structures on the level of scope and scale with the resources that debate offers us is an explicit concession to fascism. Additionally, fragmented politics generate disempowerment as survival-based praxis becomes self-employing labor that becomes weaponized under neoliberalism against those who cannot survive or be anarchic well enough. Hester 17 (Helen Hester is Associate Professor of Media and Communication at the University of West London. Her research interests include technofeminism, sexuality studies, and theories of social reproduction. She is a member of the international feminist collective Laboria Cuboniks. “Promethean Labors and Domestic Realism” 25 September 2017 http://www.e-flux.com/architecture/artificial-labor/140680/promethean-labors-and-domestic-realism/ rvs) There has been AND of re/visionary processes
Capitalism causes war, violence, environmental destruction and extinction. Robinson 18 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Accumulation Crisis and Global Police State” Critical Sociology) RE Each major episode AND global police state
Thus the alternative is to affirm the model of the Communist Party – only democratic centralist dual power organizing can provide effective accountability mechanisms to correct unproductive tendencies, educate and mobilize marginalized communities, and connect local struggles to a movement for international liberation. Escalante 18 (Alyson Escalante, you should totally read her work for non-debate reasons, Marxist-Leninist, Materialist Feminist and Anti-Imperialist activist. “PARTY ORGANIZING IN THE 21ST CENTURY” September 21st, 2018 https://theforgenews.org/2018/09/21/party-organizing-in-the-21st-century/ rvs) I would argue AND movement can succeed
10/31/21
1 - K - Psychoanalysis
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Joshua St Peter The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, “Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive,” University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center., https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE The Real Jacques AND like happy children
The 1AC is an ideological fantasy constructed by relentless planning at the expense of scapegoated identities, all for recognition from the Other in an attempt to fill the lack. Gunder 05 Michael Gunder, 2005, “The Production of Desirous Space: Mere Fantasies of the Utopian City?” Planning Theory 2005 4: 173, DOI: 10.1177/1473095205054604, all brackets were in the original text, SJBE Jouissance is one AND our lived space
The repetition of drives makes life the enemy and causes extinction Themi 08 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, “How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life,” Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu For to circle AND accidentally finishes us
Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives. McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, “Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,” University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE The alternative — the AND the real other
9/5/21
1 - Skepticism NC
Tournament: California Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Apple Valley LW | Judge: Andrew Qin Permissibility and presumption negate 1 Obligations- the resolution indicates the affirmative has to prove an obligation, and permissibility would deny the existence of an obligation 2 Falsity- Statements are more often false than true because proving one part of the statement false disproves the entire statement. Presuming all statements are true creates contradictions which would be ethically bankrupt. 3 Negating is harder – A Aff gets first and last speech which control the direction of the debate B Affirmatives can strategically uplayer in the 1ar giving them a 7-6 time skew advantage, splitting the 2nr C 2ar judge psychology adv 4 Affirmation theory- Affirming requires unconditionally maintaining an obligation Affirm is to: maintain as true. That’s Dictionary.com- “affirm” https://www.dictionary.com/browse/affirm In order to determine the undoubtable moral truth, we have to doubt everything and anything. That means reject all assumptions and start from the bottom. Prefer: 1 Philosophers have been arguing over morality for thousands of years with no progress – that means we aren’t getting anywhere close to the truth. Starting from the bottom ensures that we can end this debate by determining the actual truth. 2 Logic – if we argue based on unjustified assumptions, then we are not being logical – logic key because we can only evaluate logical arguments. Sinnott-Armstrong 15 Sinnot-Armstrong, Walter, (Philosopher), “Moral Skepticism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 17/9/15. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-moral/#MorExp.LHP AV The final kind of argument derives from René Descartes (1641). I do not AND in any way
That implies that in order for the aff to fulfill their burden, they have to make it 100 sure that they are right – otherwise you negate Negate – 1 you can’t be sure anything besides yourself exists – three possible contrary hypotheses a) we could be dreaming or in a simulation so the whole world could be nonexistent b) there could be an all-powerful demon controlling your thoughts Sinnott-Armstrong 2 Sinnot-Armstrong, Walter, (Philosopher), “Moral Skepticism”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Bracketed for clarity 17/9/15. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-moral/#MorExp.LHP AV The famous Cartesian AND belief is justified
solipsism is true and is the only way to account for our low-entropy universe Albrecht 8 Andreas Albrecht and Lorenzo Sorbo (Department of Physics, UC Davis) “Can the universe afford inflation?” February 1st 2008 http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/0405270v2.pdf JW 1/22/15 A century ago AND Boltzmann’s Brain” paradox
Reject uncarded responses—theoretical physics requires deep scientific knowhow. 2. Good Samaritan – in order to say I want to fix x problem, you must say that you want x problem to exist, since it requires the problem exist to solve, which makes an moral attempt inherently immoral
2/20/22
1 - Theory - Combo Shell v2
Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mountain House ES | Judge: Truman Le Interp – may not say the aff gets 1ar theory, it’s the highest layer in the round, they get RVIs, but we don’t Violation – underview Standards: 1) Reciprocity – they get to win off our shells but we can’t win off theirs 2) Norm setting – rvis on our shell and highest layer for 1ar theory means they win every theory round and the neg is never able to set norms
2/12/22
1 - Theory - Disclose Changes
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: Octas | Opponent: Harker RT | Judge: Krauss - Castillo - Quisenberry Interp: The affirmative debaters must tell the negative debater what changes are in the aff Violation: screenshots Standards 1 Reciprocity- Absent disclosing changes we’re not sure what to prep for which means we lose a lot of pre round and pre-tournament prep- but you can prep us out easily since I disclose everything which means you are at a structural advantage going into the round. 2 Quality engagement – aff disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn't inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, the case should lose—this will answer the 1ar's claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there's still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can't check against the broader literature. 3) Norm setting outweighs in round abuse a it’s constitutive to theory because it’s always a question of setting better rules b it outweighs on longevity because it lasts several rounds instead of a singular round Fairness is a voter because it’s constitutive to the activity and education is the only portable skill we get from it 1 No RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases 2 Use competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Finding the best possible interp makes debate have higher quality arguments c. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias 3 Drop the debater: Drop the debater for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate.
1/17/22
1 - Theory - New affs bad
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Perry JA | Judge: Barquin - Channa - Pirisingula Interpretation: the aff must disclose their case 30 minutes before the round Violation – they didn’t Standards: 1 Reciprocity- Absent disclosure of broken positions we go into the round in the dark since we don’t know what generic arguments you go for commonly and what kinds of specific positions you have read which means we lose a lot of pre round and pre-tournament prep- but you can prep us out easily since I disclose everything which means you are at a structural advantage going into the round. 2 Quality engagement – aff disclosure discourages cheap shot affs. If the aff isn't inherent or easily defeated by 20 minutes of research, the case should lose—this will answer the 1ar's claim about innovation—with 30 minutes of prep, there's still an incentive to find a new strategic, well justified aff, but no incentive to cut a horrible, incoherent aff that the neg can't check against the broader literature. 3 Norm setting outweighs in round abuse – a. longevity b. constitutive of theory Every reason fairness is a voter is a reason you can’t read substantive take-outs to the shell since it precludes your evaluation of them. Edu- funded ny schools 1 No RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases 2 Use competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Finding the best possible interp makes debate have higher quality arguments c. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias 3 Drop the debater: Drop the debater for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate.
9/22/21
1 - Truth Testing
Tournament: California Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Apple Valley LW | Judge: Andrew Qin The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who proves the truth or falsity of the resolution. 1 Logic- Debate is fundamentally a game with rules, which requires the better competitor to win. Every other ROTB is just a reason why there are other ways to play the game but are not consistent enough with the purpose of the game to vote on, just like you don’t win a basketball game for shooting the most 3s.
2 Textuality – Five Dictionaries define to affirm as to prove true and negate as to deny the truth of which means the sole judge jurisdiction is to vote on the resolution’s truth or falsity. This outweighs on common usage – it is abundantly clear that our roles are verified.
2/20/22
JanFeb - CP - Asteroid Mining PIC
Tournament: College Prep | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Mork - Shah - Cardenas Text – Plan: The appropriation of outer space by private entities, in all industries except for Asteroid Mining, in the People’s Republic of China is unjust. The People’s Republic of China ought to de-militarize it’s commercial space operations and remove it’s ASAT capabilities. CP solves all of the case – no reason commercial space is bad, only a reason connected w/ the military which means it solves all of Adv 1 abt Militarization and all of Adv 2 about Space Dominance – no I/L contextualization about Asteroid Mining meaning it alone isn’t enough to cement Chinese dominance. Chinese Asteroid Mining key to sustaining Rare Earth Minerals. Cohen 21 Ariel Cohen 10-26-2021 "China’s Space Mining Industry Is Prepping For Launch – But What About The US?" https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2021/10/26/chinas-space-mining-industry-is-prepping-for-launch~-~-but-what-about-the-us/?sh=6b8bea862ae0 (I am a Senior Fellow at the Atlantic Council and the Founding Principal of International Market Analysis, a Washington, D.C.-based global risk advisory boutique.)Elmer Exploration of space-based AND increasing space ambitions
China Terrestrial Mining slipping. CPT 21 China Power Team. "Does China Pose a Threat to Global Rare Earth Supply Chains?" China Power. July 17, 2020. Updated May 12, 2021. Accessed December 19, 2021. https://chinapower.csis.org/china-rare-earths/Elmer Growing Global Competition AND nearly 3.4 million
Chinese Economic Decline leads to all-out War – specifically over Taiwan. Joske 18 Stephen Joske 10-23-2018 “China’s Coming Financial Crisis And The National Security Connection” https://warontherocks.com/2018/10/chinas-coming-financial-crisis-and-the-national-security-connection/ (senior adviser to the Australian Treasurer during the 1997–98 Asian crisis)re-cut by Elmer The biggest national AND and political power
Taiwan goes Nuclear. Talmadge 18 Caitlin, Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, “Beijing’s Nuclear Option: Why a U.S.-China War Could Spiral Out of Control,” accessible online at https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option, published Nov/Dec 2018re-cut by Elmer As China’s power AND unfold again today
12/19/21
JanFeb - CP - Democracy on Mars
Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Mountain House ES | Judge: Truman Le CP: States should create a multilateral agreement with private companies to establish a democratic system in mars – solves the aff by preventing authoritarianism because they’re democratic and it wouldn’t just be musk heading mars
2/12/22
JanFeb - CP - Global Constitutional Convention
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Apple Valley KW | Judge: Tej Gedela States ought to call a global constitutional convention and establish a constitution reflecting intergenerational concern with exclusive authority to establish the auction system held by the UN Space Exploitation Registry per the 1AC and bind participating bodies to its result That solves the aff – it addresses shared anxieties while building political consensus Gardiner 14 1 Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, “A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations,” 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA A Constitutional Convention AND discussion by the convention
It spills over to foster broader intergenerational representation, but independence is key Gardiner 14 2 Stephen M. Gardiner, Professor of Philosophy and Ben Rabinowitz Endowed Professor of Human Dimensions of the Environment at the University of Washington, Seattle, “A Call for a Global Constitutional Convention Focused on Future Generations,” 2014, Ethics and International Affairs, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp. 299-315, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679414000379, EA One set of AND before they arise
Proactive measures mitigate a laundry list of emerging catastrophic risks – extinction Beckstead et al. 14 Nick Beckstead, Nick Bostrom, Niel Bowerman, Owen Cotton-Barratt, William MacAskill, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Toby Ord, * Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Director, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Global Priorities Project, Centre for Effective Altruism; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Cambridge Centre for the Study of Existential Risk; Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, * Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, “Policy Brief: Unprecedented Technological Risks,” 2014, The Global Priorities Project, The Future of Humanity Institute, The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, and The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Unprecedented-Technological-Risks.pdf, Accessed: 03/13/21, EA In the near future AND currently appear imminent
1/16/22
JanFeb - CP - Global Forum
Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Village RB | Judge: Grant Brown CP – States should maintain private appropriation but - establish a collaborative global forum for debating the ethical implications of plans to explore and settle space already in motion, specifically including marginalized and indigenous communities and perspectives. -Increase efforts to make access to space possible for all, specifically indigenous and developing communities. - establish accountability for space exploration efforts where governments and private space actors can be subject to critique and restraint. - establish mutual responsibility on space exploration efforts for both space and Earth. CP solves Colonial Logics by ensuring different perspectives and mutual responsibility – this directly solves the CX explanation of the aff’s solvency because they’re changing the way they look at space to improve earth Monica Vidaurri 19, astrobiologist and policy and ethics specialist consulting for NASA Goddard, et al., 11/12/19, “Absolute Prioritization of Planetary Protection, Safety, and Avoiding Imperialism in All Future Science Missions: A Policy Perspective,” Space Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2019.101345 With Mars2020, Europa AND save the Earth.
Efforts spill-down – they’re not MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE Orwig 15,(Jessica Orwig has a Master of Science in science and technology journalism from Texas AandM University and a Bachelor of Science in astronomy and physics,5 Undeniable Reasons why Humans Should Go To Mars, http://www.businessinsider.com/5-undeniable-reasons-why-humans-should-go-to-mars-2015-4, 04/21/2015) 3. Improving the quality AND threat to humanity
This outweighs under the 1AC FW – Space Exploration doesn’t need a trade-off w/ protecting our responsibility to Earth – they’re mutually affirming which isn’t anti-ethical to Indigenous Cosmologies.
2/13/22
JanFeb - CP - ILAW Regulation
Tournament: College Prep | Round: 1 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Joanne Park Counterplan text: The Committee on the Peaceful use of Outer Space ought to - establish an application system for property rights on celestial bodies. Applications and approval of property rights should be granted upon the condition of - open disclosure of data gathered in the exploration of a celestial body - Applications must be publicly announced - Property Rights will be made tradeable between private entities - Property Rights will be set to expire on the conclusion of a successful extraction mission - Private Entities will only be allowed one property right grant per celestial body and cannot have more than one grant at a time - Ban the militarization of outer space The counterplan establishes international norms for safe extraction of resources on celestial bodies while increasing RandD in outer space. Steffen 21 Olaf Steffen, Olaf is a scientist at the Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Sytems at the German Aerospace Center. 12-2-2021, "Explore to Exploit: A Data-Centred Approach to Space Mining Regulation," Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964621000515 accessed 12/12/21 Adam 4. The data-centred approach AND mass through mining.
Space mining fails now due to profitability and unsafe tech which only the cp solves Steffen 21 Olaf Steffen, Olaf is a scientist at the Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Sytems at the German Aerospace Center. 12-2-2021, "Explore to Exploit: A Data-Centred Approach to Space Mining Regulation," Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964621000515 accessed 12/12/21 Adam The data-driven mechanism AND positions of influence
Unregulated mining of asteroids triggers space conflicts Thompson ’16 Clive, Writer for Wired, “Space Mining Could Set Off a Star War”, Wired, 01/14/2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/01/clive-thompson-11/ SPACE IS LOUSY with profits. Consider the asteroid Ryugu: It’s made of so many tons of nickel, iron, cobalt, and water, it’s worth an estimated $95 billion. Venture into deeper space AND cobalt in the balance
That goes nuclear Grego ’18 Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf Why space is AND to different weapons
12/18/21
JanFeb - CP - India PIC
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Presentation NR | Judge: Le - Pandey - Mork CP Text - We affirm the decolonization of outer space in response to the injustice of the private appropriation of outer space except private appropriation of the Republic of India. Yes Competitive – they’ve critiqued all of the idea of Space Colonization as a metaphysical concept. Space amplifies other aspects of India’s Soft Power Projection. Kathayat 20 Sarthak Kathayat 11-1-2020 "Soft Power and India’s Space Diplomacy" https://niice.org.np/archives/6420 (Media graduate from Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University)Elmer In international relations AND India’s foreign policy
Successful India Rise solves Extinction – specifically causes rise of the Global South which turns Decolonization. Kamdar 7, Mira. Planet India: How the fastest growing democracy is transforming America and the world. Simon and Schuster, 2007. (Bernard Schwartz Fellow at the Asia Society in 2008)Elmer No other country AND of the century
1/17/22
JanFeb - CP - Non-ownership Doctrine vs PTD
Tournament: California Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Kuffour - Burke States should declare that public guardianship obligations created by the non-ownership doctrine necessitate a reduction in private actor appropriation of Outer Space.
The public trust doctrine is inseparable from an anthropocentric politics of human chauvinism – further application can only strengthen exploitative relationships to nature – guardianship asserts the doctrine of non-ownership, which solves better and competes Adler 05, Dean College of Law at Utah (Robert, The Law at the Water's Edge: Limits to ""Ownership"" of Aquatic Ecosystems, in Wet Growth: Should Water Law Control Land Use?, pg. 244) I argue instead AND legal responsibilities accordingly.
Implementation of public trust doctrine protection will be arbitrary and capricious ensuring ecological harm. The counterplans application of non-ownership solves Adler 05, Dean College of Law at Utah (Robert, The Law at the Water's Edge: Limits to ""Ownership"" of Aquatic Ecosystems, in Wet Growth: Should Water Law Control Land Use?, pg. 244) There are several AND potentially competing uses
The counterplan and the plan are mutually exclusive – application of the public trust doctrine establishes ownership while the counterplan is explicitly non-ownership. Severance permutations should be rejected because they eliminate all counterplan net benefits and disprove desirability of the plan Adler 05, Dean College of Law at Utah (Robert, The Law at the Water's Edge: Limits to ""Ownership"" of Aquatic Ecosystems, in Wet Growth: Should Water Law Control Land Use?, pg. 244) 4. "Non-Ownership" of Wildlife AND property are restricted
2/19/22
JanFeb - CP - Process v Megaconstellations
Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 3 | Opponent: Sage MP | Judge: Grant Brown Text – Private Entities should maintain Large Satellite Constellations but: - implement cooperative active debris removal measures aimed at mitigating debris from mega-constellations. - cooperate on the development of a cloud-based infrastructure system between private and public entities with the purpose of advancing overall cyber security and create a protected mandatory reporting system for government contractors and critical infrastructure employees - dismantle their antisatellite weapon systems and stop all development of space weapons - adopt a system of market share liability in regard to the creation of debris in outer space by private entities in accordance with Munoz-Patchen 18 - Implement collision avoidance procedures - dismantle their antisatellite weapon systems and stop all development of space weapons
First plank Solves for Mega-constellation Impacts. Hardy 20, Brian Patrick. Long-term effects of satellite megaconstellations on the debris environment in low earth orbit. Diss. 2020. (Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)Elmer The results of this thesis demonstrate that satellite megaconstellations have the potential to leave a AND be a viable mitigation strategy for megaconstellations with sub-optimal PMD rates.
Second plank solves Cyber-Attacks. Robertl and Vocl 21 Christopher Robertl and Vince Vocl. Christopher is the Senior Vice President of Cyber Intelligence and Supply Chain Security Policy at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. Vince VocI is the Executive Director Cyber Policy and Operations at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 5-14-2021, accessed on 8-8-2021, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, "4 Ways U.S. Government Leaders Can Protect IP and Personal Data", https://www.uschamber.com/on-demand/cybersecurity/how-can-the-government-help-protect-intellectual-property-and-personal-data Adam During the past several months, U.S. adversaries have carried out significant AND protected … and their opinions matter, and then we’ll get things done.”
Fourth plank incentivizes sustainable use of space Munoz-Patchen 18 Chelsea Munoz-Patchen, Chelsea Muñoz-Patchen is an associate in the Houston office of Latham and Watkins. While attending University of Chicago Law School, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen was an articles editor for The Chicago Journal of International Law. Her research on regulating space debris was published in 2018. Ms. Muñoz-Patchen served as a research assistant for Professors Daniel Abebe and Jonathan Masur, focusing on intellectual property and constitutional law in the US and Ethiopia. Prior to law school, Ms. Muñoz-Patchen earned her BA and BS in Geography from Arizona State University. As a graduate student, she studied political ecology and people’s relationship to urban nature, and taught Introduction to Physical Geography labs. 7-1-2018, Semanticscholar, "Regulating the Space Commons: Treating Space Debris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty | Semantic Scholar", https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Regulating-the-Space-Commons3A-Treating-Space-Debris-Munoz-Patchen/607eff0141f48332a69ae8c5a3301d871057a4fa accessed 12/21/21 Adam Market-share liability has been suggested as a way to AND removing the disincentive to carry the cost in the face of potential freeriding.
Collision avoidance solves Arif 17 — (Aayesha Arif, Journalist, “This Is How Satellites Avoid Colliding Into Each Other“, Wonderful Engineering, Available Online at https://wonderfulengineering.com/satellite-collision/, accessed 3-22-2022, HKR-AR) A standard collision avoidance procedure has been established by space agencies to avoid any such AND about how the Hubble Space Telescope conducts it to avoid space debris hits.
Last plank solves second advantage – states won’t possess asat capability to escalate
Private Entities include people Cornell Legal Information Institute No Date Cornell Legal Information Institute, , "6 U.S. Code § 1501," https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/6/1501#15_A accessed 3/23/22 Adam Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the AND or nonprofit entity, including an officer, employee, or agent thereof.
4/23/22
JanFeb - CP - Reform
Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: Triples | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Mizrahi -Hilligoss - Chatur CP Text – Space-Faring States should: - Establish a multilateral agreement and body to govern and foster the expansion of Asteroid Mining that applies to private entities in all countries. - Clarifies and establishes transferrable property rights on celestial bodies. - Mandate that private entities engaging in Asteroid Mining must not harm the Environment. - Clarify conflict resolution should be resolved through the Outer Space Treaty and adjudicated by the International Court of Justice. - Limit Asteroid Mining to only within the Asteroid’s orbit. Solves Un-Regulated Mining - CP solves ambiguity that makes Mining valuable and solves conflicts. Coffey 9 – Sarah, B.A., Alfred University, J.D., Case Western Reserve University School of Law, “ESTABLISHING A LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR PROPERTY RIGHTS TO NATURAL RESOURCES IN OUTER SPACE”, CASE W. RES. J. INT’L L. , Vol. 41:119, https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1238andcontext=jil Drawing on the AND at that time
Top level – either the aff removes all space mining and they link into this disad or they just reduce it slightly which means no solvency – we’re not really sure what restrict means and the 1ar will definitely shift but hold the line Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease. Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. Are We Humans AND pathway to the future
Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solve Crombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, “Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity”, LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe We need minerals AND bit more efficiently
Resource Shortages Exacerbate Conflict Wingo 13 - Dennis Wingo, Former CTO of the Orbital Recovery Corporation, Founder and CEO of Skycorp Inc, and Greentrail Energy Inc., Co-Founder and CTO of Orbital Recovery Inc. Leader of NASA's the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), First in history to rescue and operate a spacecraft (ISEE-3) in interplanetary space, and University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space Researcher At University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space “Commentary | The Inevitability of Extraterrestrial Mining”, Space News, 7/29/2013, https://spacenews.com/36511the-inevitability-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ I am honored AND of all mankind.
Those Conflicts go Nuclear Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW Resource Shortages and AND resource-shock world
2/13/22
JanFeb - CP - SBSP
Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Stockdale ES | Judge: Trevor Turner CP Text: We affirm global orbital counter-operations against appropriation of outer space by private entities except for Space-Based Solar Power. Companies investing in Space-Based Solar Power should commit to at least 40 of the Energy Produced to be distributed to indigenous, developing, and marginalized communities. Space-Based Solar Power constitutes Appropriation. Matignon 19 Louis De Gouyon Matignon 4-15-2019 "THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHINESE SPACE-BASED SOLAR POWER STATIONS" https://www.spacelegalissues.com/the-legal-status-of-chinese-space-based-solar-power-stations/ (PhD in space law)Elmer Near-Earth space AND imagery for example
Chinese Private Companies are pursuing Space-Based Solar Power. McKirdy and Fang 19 Euan McKirdy and Nanlin Fang 3-3-2019 "Space power plant and a mission to Mars: China’s new plans to conquer the final frontier" https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/03/asia/china-plans-solar-power-in-space-intl/index.html (Journalists at CNN)Elmer China Aerospace Science AND media report said
SPSB is the only thing capable of ending Energy Poverty – just one country getting to it would have universal benefits – this impact isn’t affected by charity cannabilism or any of the aff – it’s a real material impact that millions of people face every day and isn’t being focused on by the media enough Aleksey Shtivelman 12, Boston JD, “Solar Power Satellites: The Right To A Spot In The World's Highest Parking Lot,” https://www.bu.edu/jostl/files/2015/02/Shtivelman_web.pdf *edited for gendered language Rather than spending AND converted into weapons.
CP solves the Case – they’re indicting things like Exploration and Colonization which have no benefits other than Accumulation. Space-Based Solar Power occupies just one section of Space, doesn’t expand, and the CP has distributive effects that avoids Space as a “playground” or “colonial romanticism” BUT rather uses it as a tool to combat material issues like Warming and Energy Poverty.
2/13/22
JanFeb - CP - Space elevator PIC
Tournament: Tournament of Champions | Round: 1 | Opponent: American Heritage Broward SS | Judge: Holden Bukowsky Text – Private Appropriation of Outer Space except for Space Elevators is Unjust. Space Elevators constitute Appropriation – they impede orbits. Matignon 19 Louis de Gouyon Matignon 3-3-2019 "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE SPACE ELEVATOR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM" https://www.spacelegalissues.com/space-law-legal-aspects-of-the-space-elevator-transportation-system/ PhD in space law (co-supervised by both Philippe Delebecque, from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, France, and Christopher D. Johnson, from Georgetown University || regularly write articles on the website Space Legal Issues so as to popularise space law and public international lawElmer An Earth-based AND surface from orbit
Regardless of completion, Elevators spur investment in Nanotechnology Liam O’Brien 16. University of Wollongong. 07/2016. “Nanotechnology in Space.” Young Scientists Journal; Canterbury, no. 19, p. 22. Nanotechnology is at AND more to achieve
Warming causes Extinction Kareiva 18, Peter, and Valerie Carranza. "Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse: Nature strikes back." Futures 102 (2018): 39-50. (Ph.D. in ecology and applied mathematics from Cornell University, director of the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, Pritzker Distinguished Professor in Environment and Sustainability at UCLA)Re-cut by Elmer In summary, six AND and climate change
4/23/22
JanFeb - CP - US-China Cooperation
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Eric Deng CP Text: The People’s Republic of China should - increase and encourage private and civil space cooperation with the United States over appropriation of outer space. - de-militarize its space industry. - dismantle and remove ASAT weapons. - The United States Federal Government should repeal the Wolf Amendment. The Counterplan competes – it re-directs China’s commercial space industry to productive cooperation with the United States. The 1AC said that China’s government is reliant on private action meaning the Plan collapses all of the space sector meaning meaningful cooperation with the US becomes impossible. Cooperation de-escalates the Space Race, solves Sino-Russian axis, and spills-over to broader US-China relations Marshall and Hadfield 21 Will Marshall and Chris Hadfield 4-15-2021 "Why the U.S. and China Should Collaborate in Space" https://time.com/5954941/u-s-china-should-collaborate-in-space/ (CEO of Planet which operates 200 satellites that image the entire Earth landmass on a daily basis, and he formerly worked at NASA on lunar missions and space debris. Colonel Chris Hadfield was Commander of the International Space Station and flew both the U.S. Space Shuttle and Russian Soyuz vehicles. Prior to that he served as a fighter/test pilot with the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, and Royal Canadian Air Force.)Elmer While much has AND blue-green planet
US-China Relations key to prevent escalation – current US course turns status quo cold war hot. Nye 21 Joseph Nye 3-3-2021 "The factors that could lead to war between the US and China" https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-factors-that-could-lead-to-war-between-the-us-and-china/ (professor at Harvard University and author)Elmer When China’s foreign AND own capacity for error.
US-China War goes Nuclear. Brands and Beckley 21 Hal Brands and Michael Beckley 12-16-2021 "Washington Is Preparing for the Wrong War With China" https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2021-12-16/washington-preparing-wrong-war-china (Henry A. Kissinger Distinguished Professor of Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, a Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and Associate Professor of Political Science at Tufts University, a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute)Elmer The United States AND that option altogether
US-China Relations solves laundry list of existential threats. Paulson 15, H. M. "Dealing with China: An insider unmasks the new economic superpower. Hachette Book Group." Inc.: All Books (2015). (Former US Treasury Secretary)Elmer One crisp day AND into a self-fulfilling reality.
1/15/22
JanFeb - CP - Unilaterallism
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harker RM | Judge: Andrew Gong Text – The United States should unilaterally restrict asteroid mining done by private entities. Counterplan competes – the Plan is a multilateral agreement while the CP is just the United States. Counterplan solves the Aff – 1 1AC Gallagher says that US Leadership spill-over to follow-on and norming which solves Advantage 1 and 2 1AC Wall says the US actions over Mining fractures governance – the CP sets the US in-line. Unilateral Actions solve – they’re legally binding and perceived internationally. Su 17 Jinyuan, S. U. "Space arms control: Lex lata and currently active proposals." Asian Journal of International Law 7.1 (2017): 61-93. Elmer The unilateral statements AND State was made.
China uses space coop to bolster perception of credible leadership – that causes space war and conventional conflict in the SCS Fisher 15 Richard D. Fisher 2-8-2015 “China’s Military Ambitions in Space and America’s Response” http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Fisher_Testimony_2.18.15.pdf (President of Pacific Strategies, Inc)Elmer As with the AND potential military advantages
China uses to increase aggression in the SCS. Yang 18 Adam Yang 3-17-2018 “How Should the US Engage China in Space?” https://thediplomat.com/2018/03/how-should-the-us-engage-china-in-space (Major in the U.S. Marine Corp and a student at the Command and Staff College)Elmer Subsequently, China is AND increase as well
Unchecked maritime expansion risks Nuclear War Thayer and Han 19 (Bradley A. and Lianchao; professor of Political Science at the University of Texas San Antonio, fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; vice president of Citizen Power Initiatives for China, founder of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars, legislative counsel and policy director in the US Senate for 12 years; ( 6-12-2019, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/E28098xi-doctrineE28099-proclaiming-and-rationalizing-chinaE28099s-aggression-62402, "The ‘Xi Doctrine’: Proclaiming and Rationalizing China’s Aggression," National Interest, Acc:9-20-2019 (ermo/sms) Using the occasion AND before Pearl Harbor
1/15/22
JanFeb - DA - China Econ
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart SS | Judge: Eric Deng China’s economy is on the brink. Lopez 21 Linette Lopez 10-24-2021 "If China's economy keeps stumbling, it won't just take down Beijing - the whoel world will collapse with it" https://archive.md/M4qjY#selection-2241.0-2250.1 (Linette is the senior finance correspondent at Business Insider, writing a combination of opinions and analysis. She joined BI in the summer of 2011 after graduating from Columbia University's School of Journalism.)Elmer China's economy — the AND by consumer spending
Robust Chinese Space Industry key to Economic rejuvenation. Goswami 19 Namrata Goswami 2019 "What China Wants in Outer Space" https://www.thecairoreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cr33-global-forum.pdf (Dr. Namrata Goswami is an independent scholar on space policy, great power politics, and ethnic conflicts. She was subject matter expert in international affairs with the Futures Laboratory, Alabama, U.S., and guest lecturer, India Today Class, Emory University. After earning her Ph.D. in international relations from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, she worked as research fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She has been a visiting fellow at Peace Research Institute, Oslo, Norway; La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; and University of Heidelberg, Germany.)Elmer Beijing has made AND exploration and operations
Chinese Economic Decline spills-over globally. Rogoff 18 Kennetth Rogoff 11-7-2018 "The Global Impact of a Chinese Recession" https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/global-impact-of-chinese-recession-by-kenneth-rogoff-2018-11?barrier=accesspaylog (Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University and recipient of the 2011 Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics, was the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund from 2001 to 2003.)Elmer Most economic forecasts AND most people thought
Decline cascades – nuclear war Maavak 21 – Mathew Maavak, PhD in Risk Foresight from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, External Researcher (PLATBIDAFO) at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University, Expert and Regular Commentator on Risk-Related Geostrategic Issues at the Russian International Affairs Council, “Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?”, Salus Journal – The Australian Journal for Law Enforcement, Security and Intelligence Professionals, Volume 9, Number 1, p. 2-8 Various scholars and AND who got replaced
1/15/22
JanFeb - DA - Rule of Law vs PTD
Tournament: California Round Robin | Round: 6 | Opponent: Isidore Newman EE | Judge: Kuffour - Burke Expanding PTD shatters the entire legal-regulatory balance Huffman 15 James L. Huffman is Dean Emeritus of Lewis and Clark Law School and a Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He holds degrees from Montana State University (BS), The Fletcher School of Tufts University (MA) and the University of Chicago (JD). "WHY LIBERATING THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE IS BAD FOR THE PUBLIC." https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/19611-45-2huffman Since the beginning AND protection ultimately depends
Expanding PTD beyond precedent allows for unchecked judicial activism across the law – the plan applies it everywhere on earth, which ensures circumvention, authoritarianism, and shocks global rule of law Huffman 15 James L. Huffman is Dean Emeritus of Lewis and Clark Law School and a Visiting Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He holds degrees from Montana State University (BS), The Fletcher School of Tufts University (MA) and the University of Chicago (JD). "WHY LIBERATING THE PUBLIC TRUST DOCTRINE IS BAD FOR THE PUBLIC." https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/19611-45-2huffman Modern progressives, like AND much lesser challenges.230
Rule of law solves war Feldman ‘8 Noah; September 28; Professor of Law at Harvard University School of Law; New York Times, “When Judges Make Foreign Policy,” lexis Why We Need AND the world over
SOP decline causes global nuke war Dr. G. John Ikenberry 15, PhD in Political Science from the University of Chicago, Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University in the Department of Politics and the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, “Getting Hegemony Right”, in Korean Attitudes Toward the United States: Changing Dynamics, Ed. Steinberg, p. 17-18 A critical ingredient AND of an autocrat
2/19/22
JanFeb - DA - Space Deterrence
Tournament: College Prep | Round: 1 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Joanne Park Space Commercialization is key to Space Deterrence – Commercial Flexibility is key to deterrence by denial. Klein 19, John J. Understanding space strategy: the art of war in space. Routledge, 2019. (a Senior Fellow and Strategist at Falcon Research, Inc. and Adjunct Professor at George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute)Elmer Recent U.S. space AND consequent targeting efforts
Space Deterrence Breakdowns causes War and Extinction. Parker 17 Clifton Parker 1-24-2017 “Deterrence in space key to U.S. security” https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/news/deterrence-space-key-us-security (Policy Analyst at the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation)Elmer Space is more AND in the atmosphere
12/18/21
JanFeb - DA - Space Mining Good
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Dosch - Dosch - Mizrahi Commercial mining solves extinction from scarcity, climate, terror, war, and disease. Pelton 17—(Director Emeritus of the Space and Advanced Communications Research Institute at George Washington University, PHD in IR from Georgetown).. Pelton, Joseph N. 2017. The New Gold Rush: The Riches of Space Beckon! Springer. Accessed 8/30/19. Are We Humans AND to the future
Resource scarcity coming now and causes extinction—asteroid mining is the only way to solve Crombrugghe 18 – Guerric, Business Development Manager Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, “Asteroid mining as a necessary answer to mineral scarcity”, LinkedIn, 1/11/2018, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/asteroid-mining-necessary-answer-mineral-scarcity-de-crombrugghe We need minerals AND bit more efficiently
Resource Shortages Exacerbate Conflict Wingo 13 - Dennis Wingo, Former CTO of the Orbital Recovery Corporation, Founder and CEO of Skycorp Inc, and Greentrail Energy Inc., Co-Founder and CTO of Orbital Recovery Inc. Leader of NASA's the Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project (LOIRP), First in history to rescue and operate a spacecraft (ISEE-3) in interplanetary space, and University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space Researcher At University of Alabama in Huntsville Consortium for Materials Development in Space “Commentary | The Inevitability of Extraterrestrial Mining”, Space News, 7/29/2013, https://spacenews.com/36511the-inevitability-of-extraterrestrial-mining/ I am honored AND of all mankind
Those Conflicts go Nuclear Klare 13 – Michael T., professor emeritus of peace and world-security studies at Hampshire College and senior visiting fellow at the Arms Control Association in Washington, DC, " How Resource Scarcity and Climate Change Could Produce a Global Explosion", The Nation, 4/22/2013, https://www.thenation.com/article/how-resource-scarcity-and-climate-change-could-produce-global-explosion/ JHW Resource Shortages and AND resource-shock world
Indo-Pak Water War goes Nuclear Klare 20 — Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. (Michael; Published: 2020; "Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and the Potential for Interstate Conflict in South Asia"; Journal of Strategic Security 13, No. 4, Pages 109-122; https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1826 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol13/iss4/8)//CYang Interstate conflict over AND American national security
1/17/22
JanFeb - DA - Xi Lashout
Tournament: College Prep | Round: 3 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AA | Judge: Rex Evans Xi’s regime is stable now, but its success depends on strong growth and private sector development. Mitter and Johnson 21 Rana Mitter and Elsbeth Johnson, Rana Mitter is a professor of the history and politics of modern China at Oxford. Elsbeth Johnson, formerly the strategy director for Prudential PLC’s Asian business, is a senior lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management and the founder of SystemShift, a consulting firm. May-June 2021, "What the West Gets Wrong About China," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/05/what-the-west-gets-wrong-about-china accessed 12/14/21 Adam In China, however AND in scientific research
Xi has committed to the commercial space industry as the linchpin of China’s rise – the plan is seen as a complete 180 Patel 21 Neel V. Patel, Neel is a space reporter for MIT Technology Review. 1-21-2021, "China’s surging private space industry is out to challenge the US," MIT Technology Review, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/01/21/1016513/china-private-commercial-space-industry-dominance/ accessed 12/14/21 Adam Until recently, China’s AND expand,” he says
Shifts in regime perception threatens CCP’s legitimacy from nationalist hardliners Weiss 19 Jessica Weiss 1-29-2019 “Authoritarian Audiences, Rhetoric, and Propaganda in International Crises: Evidence from China” http://www.jessicachenweiss.com/uploads/3/0/6/3/30636001/19-01-24-elite-statements-isq-ca.pdf (Associate Professor of Government at Cornell University)Elmer Public support—or AND the U.S. government.”
Xi will launch diversionary war to domestic backlash – escalates in multiple hotspots Norris 17, William J. Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges. CFR Discussion Paper, 2017. (Associate professor of Chinese foreign and security policy at Texas AandM University’s Bush School of Government and Public Service)Elmer Populist pressures might AND toward domestic consumption.
US–China war goes nuclear – crisis mis-management ensures conventional escalation - extinction Kulacki 20 Dr. Gregory Kulacki focuses on cross-cultural communication between the United States and China on nuclear and space arms control and is the China Project Manager for the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, 2020. Would China Use Nuclear Weapons First In A War With The United States?, Thediplomat.com, https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/would-china-use-nuclear-weapons-first-in-a-war-with-the-united-states/ srey Admiral Charles A AND far less likely.
12/18/21
JanFeb - K - Cosmobiopolitics
Tournament: California Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Tate - Dombcik Cosmobiopolitics constitutes the governance of Outer Space as a shared resource mean to be used to further Human Progress. The Aff’s managerial at “saving” space merely sustains space as a common good for “joint usage” to further exploitation. Damjanov 15, Katarina. "The matter of media in outer space: Technologies of cosmobiopolitics." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 33.5 (2015): 889-906. (Faculty of Arts, University of Western Australia)Elmer Long before the AND security, and population.
The Affirmative obfuscates the intricate connection between the “Public” sector and “Militarism” – the Aff is merely a smokescreen to hide military development of outer space in new forms. Sheehan 7, Michael. The international politics of space. Routledge, 2007. (Nancy and Peter Meinig Family Investigator in the Life Sciences, Assistant Professor)Elmer The 1958 Space AND US armed forces
The Aff’s claims that China is uniquely likely to militarize and weaponize Space is a form of Techn-Orientalism within Arms Control – re-creates securitized logics that causes lash-out Mathur, Ritu. "Techno-Racial dynamics of denial and difference in weapons control." Asian Journal of Political Science 26.3 (2018): 297-313. (Assistant Professor of Political Science and Geography at The University of Texas – San Antonio, PhD, Department of Political Science, York University, M. Phil. in Disarmament Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, MA in Politics specializing in international relations at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India)Elmer Introduction How has AND same dehumanizing model
The Impact is unending war and environmental catastrophe. Craven 19 Matt Craven (Professor of International Law, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom). “‘Other Spaces’: Constructing the Legal Architecture of a Cold War Commons and the Scientific-Technical Imaginary of Outer Space”. European Journal of International Law, Volume 30, Issue 2, May 2019, Pages 547–572, Accessed 1/12/22. https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/30/2/547/5536739Xu Even in the AND instrumentalization of nature
The alternative is Worldism – the refusal of international relations and specialization as dictated by militarism in favor of epistemological interventions into the exercise of Space as a carceral apparatus. Agathangelou and Ling 09 Anna M. Agathangelou is an Associate Professor in the Departments of Political Science and Women’s Studies at York University, Canada and co-director of the Global Change Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus, L.H.M. Ling is an Associate Professor in the Graduate Program in Inter- national Affairs at The New School, New York, USA., Transforming World Politics: From empire to multiple worlds, The New International Relations Series, 2009. MAIN ASPECTS Worldism AND in Western institutions
2/18/22
JanFeb - K - Psychoanalysis
Tournament: California Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Shah - Morbeck The subject is alienated when it articulates its desires – incomplete signifiers structure the emergence of subjectivity and produce repetitive drives to fill the lack that justify coercive violence. Thus, the ROB is to traverse the fantasy – that means exposing drives. Matheson 15 Calum Matheson, PhD, 2015, “Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive,” University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Calum Matheson is author of Desiring the Bomb: Communication, Psychoanalysis, and the Atomic Age (University of Alabama). He is a former high school debater. His research focuses on intersections of rhetoric, media, and theories of psychoanalysis and deconstruction. His current work focuses on right-wing political extremism, conspiracy thinking, and Lacanian concepts of anxiety and psychosis. He has also published work on argument, history of rhetoric, and games. Dr. Matheson is a former debate coach at Harvard University and a current candidate at the Pittsburgh Psychoanalytic Center., https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/concern/dissertations/6682x4537, SJBE The Real Jacques AND like happy children
The 1AC is an ideological fantasy constructed by relentless planning at the expense of scapegoated identities, all for recognition from the Other in an attempt to fill the lack. Gunder 05 Michael Gunder, 2005, “The Production of Desirous Space: Mere Fantasies of the Utopian City?” Planning Theory 2005 4: 173, DOI: 10.1177/1473095205054604, all brackets were in the original text, SJBE Jouissance is one of AND our lived space
Narratives of sustainable space exploration are constructed fantasies of risk analysis that desire an impossible knowledge and recreate power hierarchies through controlled risk politics Ormord, 12 – James, School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, (“Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2013, volume 31, pages 727 – 744) Beck has been AND on this basis.
The repetition of drives makes life the enemy and causes extinction Themi 08 (Tim, Prof @ Deakin U, “How Lacan’s Ethics Might Improve Our Understanding of Nietzsche’s Critique of Platonism: The Neurosis and Nihilism of a ‘Life’ Against Life,” Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 4.1-2, 2008) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSu For to circle AND accidentally finishes us
Vote negative to embrace the lack – this requires being open to the anxiety that occurs from an encounter with the other and breaks down fantasy and drives. McGowan 13 Todd McGowan, 2013, “Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis,” University of Nebraska Press/Lincoln and London, SJBE The alternative — the AND the real other
2/17/22
JanFeb - T - Appropriation
Tournament: College Prep | Round: 1 | Opponent: Monta Vista RD | Judge: Joanne Park Interpretation: “Appropriation of outer space” by private entities refers to the exercise of exclusive control of space. TIMOTHY JUSTIN TRAPP, JD Candidate @ UIUC Law, ’13, TAKING UP SPACE BY ANY OTHER MEANS: COMING TO TERMS WITH THE NONAPPROPRIATION ARTICLE OF THE OUTER SPACE TREATY UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW Vol. 2013 No. 4 The issues presented AND through different means
Violation: Standards: 1 Limits and ground: the aff interpretation explodes the topic to allow any aff about extracting resources which structurally alters the neg research burden because there’s a qualitative difference between appropriation of outer space and of resources. That alters neg ground because it means the aff can defend trivial middle grounds that go beyond just exclusive appropriation unbalancing the topic. 2 Precision: Proper construction of Article XII OST provides rights to property in outer space, not appropriation of outer space. Construction of A. XII OST to provide in-situ property rights is absurd.
Michelle L.D. Hanlon, LLM Air and Space Law @ McGill, JD magna cum laude Georgetown Law Center, BA Political Science @ Yale, ‘18, "The Space Review: Our fear of “heritage” imperils our future," No Publication, https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3450/1 Nor are the AND of the law?
Precision outweighs—determines what we prepare for which controls the internal link to any pragmatic benefits of the activity No RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive Use competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias c. Uniquely, use competing interps on T – you can’t be reasonably topical Drop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate.
12/18/21
JanFeb - T - Nebel
Tournament: College Prep | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Immaculate Heart JL | Judge: Mork - Shah - Cardenas Interpretation: “Private entities” is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that a subset of nations ban the appropriation of outer space. Nebel 19. Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs. He writes a lot of this stuff lol – duh. “Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution.” Vbriefly. August 12, 2019. https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0hUkKdDzHWrNeqEVI7m59pwsnmqLl490n4uRLQTe7bWmWDO_avWCNzi14 TG Both distinctions are AND in the resolution
It applies to “private entities” – 1 upward entailment test – “appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust” doesn’t entail that all entities ought to ban private entities because public entities don’t, 2 adverb test – adding “generally” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because a ban is universal. Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Violation – They specified China Standards: 1 Limits and ground – their model allows affs to defend any combination of private entities in any countries which explodes negative burden and causes random affs every tournament 2 TVA solves: Read the plan as an advantage under a whole rez – PICs don’t solve because potential neg abuse doesn’t justify aff abuse Fairness is a voter – debate’s a game that needs rules to evaluate it and answers to it rely on the judge evaluating the argument fairly No RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive Use competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias c. Uniquely, use competing interps on T – you can’t be reasonably topical Drop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate.
12/19/21
JanFeb - T - Negative Action
Tournament: College Prep | Round: Semis | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Park - Krause - Loofbourrow 1 Interp – Unjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary. Black Laws No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/Elmer Contrary to right and justice, or to the enjoyment of his rights by another, or to the standards of conduct furnished by the laws. 2 Violation – The Aff is a positive action – it creates a new concept for Space i.e. the treating of Space as a “Global Commons”. 3 Standards – a Limits – making the topic bi-directional explodes predictability – it means that Aff’s can both increase non-exist property regimes in space AND decrease appropriation by private actors – makes the topic untenable. b Ground – wrecks Neg Generics – we can’t say appropriation good since the 1AC can create new views on Outer Space Property Rights that circumvent our Links since they can say “Global Commons” approach solves. Independently - the Plan is both Extra-T - since it establishes a new property rights regime AND Effects-T - since the Global Commons ISNT INTRINSICALLY a reduction on Private Property in Space, it involves actions like creating a governance system AND redistribution/cooperation which is the I/L to their Colonialism Advantage - both of which are voters for Limits and Predictability 4 TVA – just defend that space appropriation is bad. 5 No RVIs: a. Chills theory – If people know they might lose for reading theory, it will disincentivize them. b. You don’t get to win by being fair. c. Theory Baiting – good theory debaters will bait people into reading theory against certain cases. T link turns 1AR theory – proves the aff forced me to be abusive 6 Use competing interpretations: a. Reasonability causes a race to the bottom with testing the limit of it b. Judge intervention shouldn’t be allowed bc it produces bias c. Uniquely, use competing interps on T – you can’t be reasonably topical 7 Drop the debater: for being abusive – we can’t restart the round from the 1AC and I’m skewed for the rest of the debate.
12/19/21
SeptOct - CP - Consult WHO
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Samammish LW | Judge: Barquin - Krause - Yerraguntala Counterplan Text – Member states of the World Trade Organization ought to consult the World Health Organization on whether or not to do the Plan. The World Health Organization ought to publicly declare that their decision on the Plan will represent their future decisions on all intellectual property protections on medicines. The Plan’s unilateral action by the WTO on medical IP undermines WHO legitimacy – forcing a perception of WHO action against Patents is key to re-assert it – they say yes. Rimmer 4, Matthew. "The race to patent the SARS virus: the TRIPS agreement and access to essential medicines." Melbourne Journal of International Law 5.2 (2004): 335-374. https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1681117/Rimmer.pdf (BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Australian National University), PhD (New South Wales); Lecturer at ACIPA, the Faculty of Law, The Australian National University)SidK + Elmer The WHO has AND Human Rights Watch
Right to Health solves Nationalist Populism. Friedman 17 Eric Friedman March 2017 “New WHO Leader Will Need Human Rights to Counter Nationalistic Populism” https://www.hhrjournal.org/2017/03/new-who-leader-will-need-human-rights-to-counter-populism/ (JD, Project Leader of the Platform for a Framework Convention on Global Health at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC)Elmer The need for AND of that endeavor.
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela Counterplan Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to 1 reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines except for dual-use biotechnologies and 2 offer a 3 year patent extension on dual use biotechnologies conditioned on accompanying countermeasures. The counterplan incentivizes development into countermeasures and removes terrorist access to biotechnologies. Million-Perez, H. (2016). Addressing duel-use technology in an age of bioterrorism: Patent extensions to inspire companies making duel use technology to create accompanying countermeasures. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 44(3), 387-436. Rachael Million-Perez is an associate with Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper and Scinto and a graduate of the George Washington University Law School. sid Although previous congressional AND resources and expertise
9/4/21
SeptOct - CP - Fund Global South
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Mizrahi -Dosche - Stuckert CP: The United States of America, Russian Federation, and People's Republic of China ought to put $20 trillion into a global pool and divide that between the Global South. Solves the aff – it sets up manufacturing in the global south that distributes vaccines to decrease inequality and correct for inequality, while also correcting for systems of inequality stemming from financial issues.
9/6/21
SeptOct - CP - Orphan PIC
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Mizrahi -Dosche - Stuckert Counterplan Text - Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to - eliminate intellectual property protections for medicines except for orphan drugs. - prioritize distribution of orphan drugs to the Global South. Orphan drug legislation is specifically key to stimulate research into rare diseases Horgan et. al 20 D, Moss B, Boccia S, Genuardi M, Gajewski M, Capurso G, Fenaux P, Gulbis B, Pellegrini M, Mañú Pereira M, M, Gutiérrez Valle V, Gutiérrez Ibarluzea I, Kent A, Cattaneo I, Jagielska B, Belina I, Tumiene B, Ward A, Papaluca M: Time for Change? The Why, What and How of Promoting Innovation to Tackle Rare Diseases – Is It Time to Update the EU’s Orphan Regulation? And if so, What Should be Changed? Biomed Hub 2020;5:1-11. doi: 10.1159/000509272 https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/509272#sid The European Union’s AND field of innovation
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Text – States ought to individually domestically establish single-payer national health insurance. Solves evergreening and drug prices while avoiding our innovation turns. Narayanan 19 Srivats Narayanan 8-15-2019 "Medicare for All and Evergreening" https://medium.com/@srivats.narayanan/medicare-for-all-and-evergreening-cb84c930e0ea (UMKC School of Medicine)Elmer Drug companies rake AND of medical innovation
9/5/21
SeptOct - CP - Swakokpmund Protocol
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood VLo | Judge: Asher Towner We affirm that the member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to: - Modify Intellectual Property Protection of Indigenous Knowledge through implementation of a Sui Generis Intellectual Property Regime that reflects consistent consultation with local communities and traditional communities. - Mandate widespread ratification, application, and the enforcement of the Swakokpmund Protocol ensuring that local communities and traditional communities are guaranteed continued use of Traditional Medical Knowledge in the traditional context without any legal implication and without licenses and subject to pre-determined sharing of benefits. - Implement an opt-in opt-out system where Indigenous Groups are given the right to refuse to relinquish control of Intellectual Property to non-Indigenous Intellectual Property Holders over Traditional Knowledge. - Mandate a disclosure of origin requirement as a pre-requisite of Intellectual Property Protection applications. The Swakokpmund Protocol is an Intellectual Property Regime that solves exploitation and protects Traditional Knowledge and People while still allowing usage of Intellectual Property in Medical Innovation – Sua Generis emphasis of collective rights solves issues with IPRs. Sinkala 17, Ruth M. "Protection of Traditional Medical Knowledge in the Patent System: Is There Room?." (2017). (Master Programme in Intellectual Property Law at University of Uppselett)SidK 4.2 The Swakopmund Protocol AND benefit sharing standards.
Disclosure of Origin ensures that original TMK owners are able to get compensation and are protected from exploitation. Sinkala 17, Ruth M. "Protection of Traditional Medical Knowledge in the Patent System: Is There Room?." (2017). (Master Programme in Intellectual Property Law at University of Uppselett)SidK Disclosure Disclosure is AND to complete loss
10/30/21
SeptOct - CP - US Funding
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Truman Le Text – the United States ought to - invest $25 billion into 25 production lines dedicated solely to COVID-19 vaccines to boost global vaccine production managed by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority. - pre-order and distribute 8 billion doses of COVID vaccines using an equitable distribution framework prioritizing developing countries in the Global South. The CP solves the entirety of the case and does it faster – answers the 2 points they made for why it wouldn’t solve because it focuses on the global south Stankiewicz 21 Mike Stankiewicz 5-6-2021"Opinion: For just $25 billion, the U.S. could jump-start a project to quickly vaccinate the entire world against COVID" https://www.marketwatch.com/story/for-just-25-billion-the-u-s-could-jump-start-a-project-to-quickly-vaccinate-the-entire-world-against-covid-11614898552 (a press officer in Public Citizen's communication's department, where he focuses on legislative policy and health-orientated advocacy)Elmer Despite wealthy countries AND to do so
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela CP Text – The United States federal government ought to establish a global leadership role in production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines and treatments by engaging in talks with NATO and the G-7 and expanding support of COVAX including at minimum, vaccinating one billion people around the globe by November 2021 and encourage public-private partnerships and facilitate overseas licensing agreements without reducing intellectual property rights. The CP solves vaccine distribution and re-vitalizes American influence BUT US leadership is key. Gayle et Al 21 Helene Gayle, Gordon LaForge, and Anne-Marie Slaughter 3-19-2021 "American Can-and Should-Vaccinate the World" https://archive.is/wtVC2#selection-1369.0-1369.54 (Helene D. Gayle, MD, MPH, has been president and CEO of The Chicago Community Trust, one of the nation’s oldest and largest community foundations, since October 2017. Under her leadership, the Trust has adopted a new strategic focus on closing the racial and ethnic wealth gap in the Chicago region. For almost a decade, Dr. Gayle was president and CEO of CARE, a leading international humanitarian organization. An expert on global development, humanitarian, and health issues, she spent 20 years with the Centers for Disease Control, working primarily on HIV/AIDS.)Elmer After a virtual AND protecting the world.
9/4/21
SeptOct - CP - WHO
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough WR | Judge: Truman Le Counterplan Text: - The World Health Organization ought to reduce Intellectual Property Protections for COVID-19 Medicines - The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to accede to the World Health Organization’s jurisdiction to set norms for pharmaceutical intellectual property. Ceding to the WTO on medical IP undermines WHO legitimacy. Rimmer 4, Matthew. "The race to patent the SARS virus: the TRIPS agreement and access to essential medicines." Melbourne Journal of International Law 5.2 (2004): 335-374. https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1681117/Rimmer.pdf (BA (Hons), LLB (Hons) (Australian National University), PhD (New South Wales); Lecturer at ACIPA, the Faculty of Law, The Australian National University)SidK + Elmer The WHO has AND new infectious diseases
WHO Cred key to Global Right to Health – medicine access is critical. - Note the Bottom Paragraph is at the bottom of the PDF – I put a paragraph break to indicate it as such – no words are missing. Bluestone 3, Ken. "Strengthening WHO's position should be a priority for the new Director-General." The Lancet 361.9351 (2003): 2. (Senior Policy Adviser, Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO))Elmer To meet these AND Human Rights Watch
Right to Health solves Nationalist Populism. Friedman 17 Eric Friedman March 2017 “New WHO Leader Will Need Human Rights to Counter Nationalistic Populism” https://www.hhrjournal.org/2017/03/new-who-leader-will-need-human-rights-to-counter-populism/ (JD, Project Leader of the Platform for a Framework Convention on Global Health at the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC)Elmer The need for AND of that endeavor
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela US dominance is secured in biotech now, but China’s closing the gap fast – that allows geopolitical and economic advantages Scott Moore 2020 (Director of the Penn Global China Program at the University of Pennsylvania. Previously, Moore was a Young Professional and Water Resources Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, and Environment, Science, Technology, and Health Officer for China at the U.S.) “China’s Role In The Global Biotechnology Sector And Implications For U.S. Policy” https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FP_20200427_china_biotechnology_moore.pdf TDI Recut NChu EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Even AND for U.S. policy
China will convert biotechnology gains to military advantages, undermining US primacy – specifically true in the context of vaccines Mercy A. Kuo 2017 (Executive Vice President at Pamir Consulting.) “The Great US-China Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence Race” https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/the-great-us-china-biotechnology-and-artificial-intelligence-race/ TDI Recut NChu Trans-Pacific View AND of specific populations
Maintenance of the US-led LIO is key to reduce a host of existential threats – establishes great-power peace. Brands 18. (Hal Brands is a Henry Kissinger Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. “America’s Global Order Is Worth Fighting For, Bloomberg Opinion, Politics and Policy,” August 14, 2018, Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-08-14/america-s-global-order-is-worth-fighting-for TDI Recut NChu The first argument AND decades to come
9/4/21
SeptOct - DA - Bioterror
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela Vulnerabilities exposed by COVID have invigorated availability and interest in bioterror, but technical challenges remain as barriers to acquisition. Koblentz and Kiesel 7/14 Gregory D. Koblentz (Deputy Director of the Biodefense Graduate Program and Assistant Professor of Government and Politics in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University) and Stevie Kiesel (Biodefense PhD Student, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University). “The COVID-19 Pandemic: Catalyst or Complication for Bioterrorism?”. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. Published online 14 Jul 2021. Accessed 7/22/21. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1944023?journalCode=uter20Xu Since COVID-19 was AND of biological threats
IP protections are the only limit on proliferating dual-use biotech – losing patents puts financial pressure on companies to outsource RandD, which skyrockets bioterror acquisition. Finlay 10 Brian Finlay (President and Chief Executive Officer of the Stimson Center, M.A. from the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, a graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University and an honors B.A. from Western University in Canada). “The Bioterror Pipeline: Big Pharma, Patent Expirations, and New Challenges to Global Security”. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 51-64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45289504?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contentsXu Until recently, these AND for global security
Bioterrorism causes Extinction – overcomes any conventional defense. Walsh 19, Bryan. End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World. Hachette Books, 2019. (Future Correspondent for Axios, Editor of the Science and Technology Publication OneZero, Former Senior and International Editor at Time Magazine, BA from Princeton University)Elmer I’ve lived through AND hasn’t happened yet
9/4/21
SeptOct - DA - Climate Change
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Climate Patents and Innovation high now and solving Warming but patent waivers set a dangerous precedent for appropriations - the mere threat is sufficient is enough to kill investment. Brand 5-26, Melissa. “Trips Ip Waiver Could Establish Dangerous Precedent for Climate Change and Other Biotech Sectors.” IPWatchdog.com | Patents and Patent Law, 26 May 2021, www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/05/26/trips-ip-waiver-establish-dangerous-precedent-climate-change-biotech-sectors/id=133964/. sid The biotech industry AND and required levels
Climate change destroys the world. Specktor 19 Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin The current climate AND we know it
9/5/21
SeptOct - DA - India Soft Power
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Westwood BJ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi India’s COVID crisis has killed Modi’s appetite for international adventurism, but increasing vaccine production reverses the trend. Singh ’21 (Sushant; senior fellow with the Centre for Policy Research in India; 5-3-2021; “The End of Modi’s Global Dreams”; Foreign Policy; https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/03/india-vishwaguru-modi-second-wave-soft-power-self-sufficiency/; Accessed: 8-27-2021) India’s prime minister AND in the talks
Revitalized risk-taking risks Indo-Pak confrontations – those go nuclear. Roblin ‘20 Sebastien; university instructor for the Peace Corps in China, master’s degree in conflict resolution from Georgetown University; 3-16-2020; "Yes a Pakistani-Indian Nuclear War Would Kill People All Over the Planet"; National Interest; https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/yes-pakistani-indian-nuclear-war-would-kill-people-all-over-planet-133642; accessed 3-17-2020 Such assessments are AND decimating fishing yields
9/5/21
SeptOct - DA - Infrastructure
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Plano NG | Judge: Castillo - Cryan - Torrez Biden’s infrastructure bill will pass through reconciliation but absolute Dem Unity is key. - Turns Structural Violence Pramuk and Franck 8-25 Jacob Pramuk and Thomas Franck 8-25-2021 "Here’s what happens next as Democrats try to pass Biden’s multitrillion-dollar economic plans" https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/25/what-happens-next-with-biden-infrastructure-budget-bills-in-congress.html (Staff Reporter at CNBC)Elmer WASHINGTON — House Democrats AND of fueling inflation
Pharma backlashes to the Plan – they’re aggressive lobbyists and will do anything to preserve patent rights. - Turns Case – Waters down the Plan due to lobbying - Optional Card – still thinking on if its necessary note from Elmer Huetteman 19 Emmarie Huetteman 2-26-2019 “Senators Who Led Pharma-Friendly Patent Reform Also Prime Targets For Pharma Cash” https://khn.org/news/senators-who-led-pharma-friendly-patent-reform-also-prime-targets-for-pharma-cash/ (former NYT Congressional correspondent with an MA in public affairs reporting from Northwestern University’s Medill School)Elmer Early last year, AND on the bill
They choose Infrastructure as backlash – they bill costs Pharma millions – lobbyists can derail the Agenda. Brennan 8-2 Zachary Brennan 8-2-2021 "How the biopharma industry is helping to pay for the bipartisan infrastructure bill" https://endpts.com/how-the-biopharma-industry-is-helping-to-pay-for-the-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill/ (Senior Editor at Endpoint News)Elmer Senators on Sunday AND side,” Lawson said
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula EL | Judge: Tej Gedela Pharma drug innovation is high now – eliminating patent protections collapses incentives. The Economist 20 5-23-2020 "Drug innovation is back in fashion" https://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/05/23/drug-innovation-is-back-in-fashion (The Economist is an international weekly newspaper printed in magazine-format and published digitally that focuses on current affairs, international business, politics, and technology.)Elmer For much of AND public health, too
Best analysis confirms our Link – strong IP protection are the only incentive for drug innovation. - Answers Evergreening/Me-Too Drugs Stevens and Ezell 20 Philip Stevens and Stephen Ezell 2-3-2020 "Delinkage Debunked: Why Replacing Patents With Prizes for Drug Development Won’t Work" https://itif.org/publications/2020/02/03/delinkage-debunked-why-replacing-patents-prizes-drug-development-wont-work (Philip founded Geneva Network in 2015. His main research interests are the intersection of intellectual property, trade, and health policy. Formerly he was an official at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, where he worked in its Global Challenges Division on a range of IP and health issues. Prior to his time with WIPO, Philip worked as director of policy for International Policy Network, a UK-based think tank, as well as holding research positions with the Adam Smith Institute and Reform, both in London. He has also worked as a political risk consultant and a management consultant. He is a regular columnist in a wide range of international newspapers and has published a number of academic studies. He holds degrees from the London School of Economics and Durham University (UK).)Elmer The Current System Has AND novel biomedical innovation
Pharma Innovation prevents Extinction – checks new diseases. Engelhardt 8, H. Tristram. Innovation and the pharmaceutical industry: critical reflections on the virtues of profit. M and M Scrivener Press, 2008 (doctorate in philosophy (University of Texas at Austin), M.D. (Tulane University), professor of philosophy (Rice University), and professor emeritus at Baylor College of Medicine) Many are suspicious AND medical-device industries
9/4/21
SeptOct - DA - Innovation v Biopiracy
Tournament: Meadows Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westwood VLo | Judge: Asher Towner Strong current IP guarantees causes massive Pharma innovation. Stevens and Ezell 20 Philip Stevens and Stephen Ezell 2-3-2020 "Delinkage Debunked: Why Replacing Patents With Prizes for Drug Development Won’t Work" https://itif.org/publications/2020/02/03/delinkage-debunked-why-replacing-patents-prizes-drug-development-wont-work (Philip founded Geneva Network in 2015. His main research interests are the intersection of intellectual property, trade, and health policy. Formerly he was an official at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, where he worked in its Global Challenges Division on a range of IP and health issues. Prior to his time with WIPO, Philip worked as director of policy for International Policy Network, a UK-based think tank, as well as holding research positions with the Adam Smith Institute and Reform, both in London. He has also worked as a political risk consultant and a management consultant. He is a regular columnist in a wide range of international newspapers and has published a number of academic studies. He holds degrees from the London School of Economics and Durham University (UK).)Elmer The Current System AND novel biomedical innovation.
Chinese Tribal Medicine proves Compatibility and our Innovation Links. Erstling 8, Jay. "Using patent to protect traditional knowledge." Tex. Wesleyan L. Rev. 15 (2008): 295. https://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1187andcontext=facsch (Professor of Law, William Mitchell College of Law, St. Paul, Minnesota.)Elmer Advantages of Affirmative AND follow China's example
RandD’s key to innovation – otherwise, future pandemics. Marjanovic et al. ’20 (Sonja; Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge; May 2020; “How to Best Enable Pharma Innovation Beyond the COVID-19 Crisis”; RAND; https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA407-1.html; Accessed: 8-31-2021; AU) As key actors AND improved innovation conditions
Evolving superbugs trigger extinction. Srivatsa ’17 (Kadiyali; specialist in pediatric intensive and critical care medicine in the UK. Invented the bacterial identification tool ‘MAYA’; 1-12-2017; "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them", American Interest; https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/, Accessed: 8-31-2021; AU) It is by now AND past fifty years.
10/30/21
SeptOct - DA - Innovation v EU
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Asher Towner Strong current IP guarantees causes massive Pharma innovation. - Answers Evergreening/Me-Too Drugs Stevens and Ezell 20 Philip Stevens and Stephen Ezell 2-3-2020 "Delinkage Debunked: Why Replacing Patents With Prizes for Drug Development Won’t Work" https://itif.org/publications/2020/02/03/delinkage-debunked-why-replacing-patents-prizes-drug-development-wont-work (Philip founded Geneva Network in 2015. His main research interests are the intersection of intellectual property, trade, and health policy. Formerly he was an official at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, where he worked in its Global Challenges Division on a range of IP and health issues. Prior to his time with WIPO, Philip worked as director of policy for International Policy Network, a UK-based think tank, as well as holding research positions with the Adam Smith Institute and Reform, both in London. He has also worked as a political risk consultant and a management consultant. He is a regular columnist in a wide range of international newspapers and has published a number of academic studies. He holds degrees from the London School of Economics and Durham University (UK).)Elmer The Current System AND novel biomedical innovation
Trade Secrets are key to incentivize competitive Innovation – specifically key to protect start-ups. Gutfleisch 18, Georg. "Employment issues under the European Trade Secrets Directive: Promising opportunity or burden for European companies." European Company Law Journal 15 (2018): 175-181. (working as an Associate with Brandl and Talos Rechtsanwälte GmbH in Vienna, Austria, and recently studied in the LL.M. (International and European Business Law) program at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.)Elmer The protection of AND secrets are misappropriated
Yes Link – the thesis of the Aff is mean to help ease burden of whistleblowers in winning suits to expose Trade Secrets – the mere threat of a weakening IPR and Secret Protection deters investment. Ezell et al. ’19 (Stephen; vice president of global innovation policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation; 4-25-2019; “The Way Forward for Intellectual Property Internationally”; Information Technology and Innovation Foundation; https://itif.org/publications/2019/04/25/way-forward-intellectual-property-internationally; Accessed: 8-31-2021; AU) IPR reforms also AND to economic growth
Pharma innovation solves Pandemics, ABR, and Bioterrorism – only Private Firms have the ability for preparedness and reaction. Marjanovic and Feijao 20 Sonja Marjanovic and Carolina Feijao May 2020 "Pharmaceutical Innovation for Infectious Disease Management" https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA400/PEA407-1/RAND_PEA407-1.pdf (directs RAND Europe's portfolio of research in the field of healthcare innovation, industry and policy)Re-cut by Elmer As key actors AND improved innova-tion conditions
Bioterrorism and future pandemics cause extinction. de Bretton-Gordon 20, Hamish. "Biosecurity in the wake of COVID-19: the urgent action needed." (2020). (Director at DBG Defense)C.VC Policymakers around the AND community than biosecurity
9/19/21
SeptOct - DA - WTO Bad
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Peninsula RM | Judge: Mizrahi -Dosche - Stuckert COVID vaccine debate will kill the WTO, but the aff reverses that instability. Meyer 6-18-21 (David, Senior Writer, https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/) The World Trade AND text," she said
The 1AC evidence isolates that each of the problems they mention aren’t solely caused by IP, but rather expressions of the overarching system of capitalism – thus collapsing the whole system is key.
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David - Danielle - Gordon Interpretation – Marijuana isn’t a Medicine Mosley 20, Mark. "Medical Marijuana Is a Dangerous Lie." Emergency Medicine News 42.8 (2020): 2-3. (Dr. Mark Mosley is an emergency medicine physician in Wichita, Kansas and is affiliated with Wesley Healthcare Center. He received his medical degree from University of Oklahoma College of Medicine and has been in practice for more than 20 years.)Elmer Marijuana is not AND ingredient in aspirin
FDA and CDC definitions prove. CDC ’18 (CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 3-7-2018; “Is marijuana medicine?”; CDC; https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/faqs/is-marijuana-medicine.html; Accessed: 9-4-2021; AU) The marijuana plant AND chemical you’re getting
Violation – the resolution calls for reductions on IP protections for medicines, but the aff prevents future patents for cannabis-derived products. Vote neg for limits and ground. Expanding the definition of “medicine” to anything that could be used in a medical setting floods the neg with cases to prep for – everything from new methods of chemo to upgrading stethoscopes becomes topical.
At best – they’re extra-T since Cannabis isn’t intrinsically medicinal, it just has medicinal uses so they would reduce Recreational Marijuana patents too which isn’t topical and explodes limits. Johnson 20 Ian Johnson 1-20-2020 "Cannabis Patents 2000 – 2019: Trends Following Legalization" https://plantlaw.com/2020/01/20/cannabis-trends-medical-recreational/ (Registered Patent Agent, Plant and Planet Law Firm)Elmer These findings correspond AND cannabis patent activity
9/7/21
SeptOct - T - Ought
Tournament: Jack Howe Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker GS | Judge: Asher Towner 1 Interpretation – The Affirmative must defend a definite reduction of IP protections for Medicines. “Ought” means a particular obligation. American Heritage Dictionary 16 5th Edition by Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries Elmer Used to indicate obligation or duty. Obligation means a binding requirement – it denies an option. Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. “Obligation” https://thelawdictionary.org/obligation/ Elmer An obligation is a legal duty, by which a person is bound to do or not to do a certain thing. Civ. Code Cal. 2 Violation – The Aff does not definitely reduce IP Protections – there’s a world where the Courts don’t agree w/ the Plaintiffs. 3 Standards – a Limits – Allowing Conditions Affs explodes the Topic – there’s an infinite number of other conditions that become Topical if this Aff does - companies could be forced to go through a third-party audit to check if their IP protections were beneficial or not, public citizens could be asked to take a poll as to whether a certain IP patent should go through or not, etc. b Neg Ground – Conditions Affs allow the Aff to spike out of every Neg Arg – generics like Innovation don’t link if the Aff can say the Aff only applies if it is proven to not harm innovation or Biotech Heg since they can say “only if it doesn’t violate National Security”. No Neg Link arguments assume every condition since they’re all Patents Good/Bad meaning they either force us to research infinite conditions or we simply lose since the 1AR will no link everything. Proven in this instance, since the 1AR will always say “every Neg Arg will just be proven to be against the Public Good” making negating impossible. 4 TVA – unconditionally enforce the Plan regardless of plaintiff justifications. 5 Paradigm Issues – a Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability. b Use Competing Interps – 1 Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2 Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation. c No RVI’s - 1 Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2 Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3 Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. d Topicality outweighs 1AR Theory – 1 Outweighs on scope cause 1AC abuse effects every speech – we had to be abusive since the 1AC was abusive first and 2 Better for norming since we have more speeches to discuss what’s the best norm for debate.
9/19/21
SeptOct - T - Reduce
Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sequoia AS | Judge: David - Danielle - Gordon 1 Interpretation – Reduce means to cancel. Black’s Law 90 Black’s Law Dictionary 2ND ED. “Reduce” https://dictionary.thelaw.com/reduce/Elmer In Scotch law. To rescind or annul. That means the Aff has to annul IP protections in their entirety, they can’t just modify it. 2 Violation – They “delay enforcement” which is a modification, not a complete annulment 3 Standards – a Neg Ground – Core Neg Generics like Innovation and Biotech Heg are predicated on scope of effect – minor modifications in how long a patent lasts for or what it effects allows the 1AR to minimize our links to zero which destroys being Neg on a Topic w/ very little Generic Ground. b Limits – Allowing Affs to make patent modifications explodes Aff ground by three-fold because for all four intellectual property protections for every medicine MULTIPLIED by different time modifications, different scope modifications which makes predictable preparation and in-depth clash impossible. 4 TVA – eliminate the enforcement of all cannabis patents – solves their offense. 5 Paradigm Issues – a Topicality is Drop the Debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability. b Use Competing Interps – 1 Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2 Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation. c No RVI’s - 1 Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2 Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3 Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive. D T link turns 1ar theory – the only reason we had to be abusive is because they were in the first place