DTHS Vemulapalli Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | Cooper City NR | Collin Smith |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Quarters | Strath Haven AM | Joshua You, Lawrence Zhou, Nathan Fleming |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Park City NL | Zac Davis |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Minnetonka AJ | Maxine Adams |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 1 | Bentonville West KM | Kassie Colon |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 3 | Valor Christian LS | River Cook |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Bergen County Academies AK | Spencer Orlowski |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Strake Jesuit JS | Joseph Barquin |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | Saratoga AG | Rodrigo Paramo, Morgan Copeland, Peyton Reeves |
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| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Quarters | Strake Jesuit ZD | Morgan Copeland, Collin Smith, Sam Larson |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 5 | Strake Jesuit VC | Ishan Rereddy |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 1 | Southlake Carrol AS | Zachary Reshovsky |
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| Greenhill Fall Classic | 3 | Carneige Vanguard SR | Javier Navarrete |
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| Mid America Cup | 2 | Walt Whitman EY | Chris Castillo |
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| Mid America Cup | 6 | Carneige Vanguard SR | Rohit Lakshman |
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| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Harrison AC | Delon Fuller, Holden Bukowsky, Nigel Taylor-Ward |
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| Mid America Cup | 4 | Sharon RG | Nikita Tanguturi |
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| NA | Quarters | NA | NA |
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| NA | Semis | NA2 | NA |
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| NA | Finals | NA | NA |
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| NA | Quarters | NA | NA |
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| Word Salad | Finals | Word Salad | Word Salad |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Collin Smith 1AC - Cap |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Quarters | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joshua You, Lawrence Zhou, Nathan Fleming 1ac - soft power |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: Zac Davis 1AC - Cap |
| Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Minnetonka AJ | Judge: Maxine Adams 1AC - Stock |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 1 | Opponent: Bentonville West KM | Judge: Kassie Colon 1ac - feminist anti-cap |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 3 | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: River Cook 1ac - disability |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski 1ac - ag |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1ac - cil |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Octas | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Morgan Copeland, Peyton Reeves 1ac - china DD |
| Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Morgan Copeland, Collin Smith, Sam Larson 1ac - Antitrust DAcap pre-emptsGillespie |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Ishan Rereddy 1AC - Korsgaard w util advantage |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Zachary Reshovsky 1AC - Evergreening |
| Greenhill Fall Classic | 3 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Javier Navarrete 1AC - Evergreening |
| Mid America Cup | 2 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Chris Castillo 1AC - Equal Outer Freedom w 2 shells |
| Mid America Cup | 6 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC - Util advantage baudrillard aprioris multiple interps |
| Mid America Cup | Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Delon Fuller, Holden Bukowsky, Nigel Taylor-Ward 1AC - Women's Health |
| Mid America Cup | 4 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Nikita Tanguturi 1AC - Contraceptives |
| NA | Quarters | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA NA |
| NA | Semis | Opponent: NA2 | Judge: NA NA |
| NA | Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA NA |
| NA | Quarters | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA NA |
| Word Salad | Finals | Opponent: Word Salad | Judge: Word Salad check |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Broken InterpsTournament: NA | Round: Quarters | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 9/9/21 |
0 - Broken InterpsTournament: NA | Round: Quarters | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 12/10/21 |
0 - ContactTournament: NA | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Don't do this: Do this: 1) its k2 affirmative being annoying 2) so we can never engage with substance 3) bc i want to Ways to contact me: Ask me for content warnings before round, ask my questions before round, good luck. | 12/10/21 |
0 - DisclosureTournament: NA | Round: Semis | Opponent: NA2 | Judge: NA | 12/10/21 |
0 - PronounsTournament: Word Salad | Round: Finals | Opponent: Word Salad | Judge: Word Salad | 12/10/21 |
ND - K - Dual Power v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joshua You, Lawrence Zhou, Nathan Fleming Capitalism is a system engendering massive violence and inevitable extinction – the foundational task is to find a way out – the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Badiou '18 History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Hegemony is only made possible through economic imperialism – collapsing production makes decline inevitable, but the aff's cling to primacy engenders increasingly desperate interventions to sustain it.Paupp '9 Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 11/10/21 |
ND - K - Dual Power v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: River Cook Capitalism is a system engendering massive violence and inevitable extinction – the foundational task is to find a way out – the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Badiou '18 Fantasies of disabled bodies as inherently resistant to capitalism mystifies how disability becomes a site of value extraction and papers over Western privilege.Puar '17 Despite its radical branding, mutual aid doesn't directly challenge and uproot the capitalist social order because it relies on the redistribution of resources from the dispossessed, rather than seizing and redistributing resources from their point of creationBreslauer '20 Vote negative for communist organizing – that requires collective struggle and the establishment of centralized organization to inform both theory and practice.Kuhn '18 | 11/21/21 |
ND - K - Dual Power v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski Capitalism is a system engendering massive violence and inevitable extinction – the foundational task is to find a way out – the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Badiou '18 History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Capitalist climate reforms can't solve warming – it's way too slow and doesn't challenge the imperial structure of production that drives ecological devastation.Escalante '19 Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 11/21/21 |
ND - K - Dual Power v4Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Joseph Barquin Capitalism is a system engendering massive violence and inevitable extinction – the foundational task is to find a way out – the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Badiou '18 History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 The aff identifies the non-Western world as a space devoid of the rule of law – makes aggressive colonial and neoliberal violence inevitable – their evidence is based on distorted representations.Mattei '9 Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 11/21/21 |
ND - K - Dual Power v5Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: Octas | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Morgan Copeland, Peyton Reeves Capitalism is a system engendering massive violence and inevitable extinction – the foundational task is to find a way out – the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best organizational tactics.Badiou '18 History proves an effective right to strike is impossible in liberal capitalist society – courts will water it down and workers will be replaced – but its justification relies on the same tropes of property protection that will be used to delegitimize worker militancy.White '18 Democracy promotion is capitalism promotion – its assumptions don't account for local preferences.Bridoux 19 – Lecturer in the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth University ~Jeff Bridoux, "Shaking off the neoliberal shackles: "democratic emergence" and the negotiation of democratic knowledge in the Middle East North Africa context," 2019, Democratization, Vol. 26, Issue 5, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13510347.2018.1557148 – ability edited~ Vote neg to join the party – dual power organizing is the only path to revolutionary change.Escalante '18 | 11/23/21 |
ND - K - Not My Baudrillard v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minnetonka AJ | Judge: Maxine Adams 1NCThe shift to digital labor has forced the subject to become overwhelmed by the speed of process and unattuned to its environment. Global Governance is a managerial system where even in the aff's attempt to increase access to research, it paradoxically reduces the paradigmatic function of knowledge.Berardi, Franco. "Cognitarian Subjectivation." E-Flux.com, November 2010, www.e-flux.com/journal/20/67633/cognitarian-subjectivation/ |Harun| Revolution is impossible in context of worker strikes – deterrence checks.Robinson, Andrew. https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/author/andrew-robinson. "Jean Baudrillard: From Revolution to Implosion." Ceasefire Magazine, 24 Aug. 2012, ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-baudrillard-10/. Accessed 8 July 2021. |Harun| The alternative is to engage in a schizoanalytic framework in response to the affirmative's call for global economic interdependency.Berardi 17, Franco "Bifo.". Soul At Work. AAKAR Books, 2017 |harun| | 11/24/21 |
ND - K - Semiotic Insurrection v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Collin Smith The myth of the University as a site of objective reason is a farce. Academia is grounded in the drive toward transparency of oneself and of the outside world which has as its condition the eradication of radical alterity. The wheels of the academic machine built on the fantasy of transparent communication now point only toward military ends. Critiques that attempt to be radical in content only maintain the form of violent acceleration, quickening the machine of the liberal humanist promise which promises only more and more death. We need a fatal strategy, a conceptual suicide attack that can push acceleration to the point of systemic implosion.Hoofd, 10 ~Assistant Professor in the Communications and New Media Programme at the National University of Singapore, "The accelerated university: Activist-academic alliances and simulation of thought," Ephemera Journal, vol. 10 no. 1~ Their relationship to those they describe as suffering is the primal scene of charity cannibalism whereby the suffering of others becomes the adventure playground of Western academics. The suffering of others becomes the means by which we wash ourselves clean of the shame of the violence we participate in. Absent this aphrodisiac, the system would collapse.Baudrillard 94. Jean Baudrillard, dead French philosopher, former professor emeritus at the University de Paris X, The Illusion of The End, pg. 66-70 Attempts to make the university better further conceals its genocidal nature – opt for semiotic insurrection.Worker '10. Worker. "Anarchistnews.org." Reasons for Anarchism., 18 Feb. 2010, anarchistnews.org/content/university-social-death-and-inside-joke djb Their movement results capitalism perfecting and integrating its own self-critique.Tiqqun '1 The world has lost the will for positive action and now all that is left in the power of the masses is negation – our alternative is the strategy of the masses.Baudrillard '93. Baudrillard, Jean. "The Transparency of Evil: Essays on Extreme Phenomena." 1993 / djb | 11/10/21 |
ND - K - Semiotic Insurrection v2Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: Zac Davis | 11/10/21 |
ND - K - Semiotic Insurrection v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bentonville West KM | Judge: Kassie Colon The myth of the University as a site of objective reason is a farce. Academia is grounded in the drive toward transparency of oneself and of the outside world which has as its condition the eradication of radical alterity. The wheels of the academic machine built on the fantasy of transparent communication now point only toward military ends. Critiques that attempt to be radical in content only maintain the form of violent acceleration, quickening the machine of the liberal humanist promise which promises only more and more death. We need a fatal strategy, a conceptual suicide attack that can push acceleration to the point of systemic implosion.Hoofd, 10 ~Assistant Professor in the Communications and New Media Programme at the National University of Singapore, "The accelerated university: Activist-academic alliances and simulation of thought," Ephemera Journal, vol. 10 no. 1~ |rc Harun| Their relationship to those they describe as suffering is the primal scene of charity cannibalism whereby the suffering of others becomes the adventure playground of Western academics. The suffering of others becomes the means by which we wash ourselves clean of the shame of the violence we participate in. Absent this aphrodisiac, the system would collapse.Baudrillard 94. Jean Baudrillard, dead French philosopher, former professor emeritus at the University de Paris X, The Illusion of The End, pg. 66-70 The aff's vague allusion to helping women in the third world is resilience par excellence – their investment in third-world women of color as needing assistance from the benevolent West is simply the latest tactic of visualization by mutli-racial white supremacist patriarchy, sanctioning the expansion into new affective markets and global intervention under the guise of imperialist feminismJames '15 Attempts to make the university better further conceals its genocidal nature – opt for semiotic insurrection.Worker '10. Worker. "Anarchistnews.org." Reasons for Anarchism., 18 Feb. 2010, anarchistnews.org/content/university-social-death-and-inside-joke djb Their movement results capitalism perfecting and integrating its own self-critique.Tiqqun '1 The world has lost the will for positive action and now all that is left in the power of the masses is negation – our alternative is the strategy of the masses.Baudrillard '93. Baudrillard, Jean. "The Transparency of Evil: Essays on Extreme Phenomena." 1993 / djb | 11/20/21 |
ND - K - Semiotic Insurrection v4Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strake Jesuit ZD | Judge: Morgan Copeland, Collin Smith, Sam Larson The neoliberal system feeds on transgression and their supposed black aesthetic and symbolic rupture. The aff's politics makes subjects enjoy and repeat endlessly the presentation and supposed overcoming of their pain as the fuel of exploitative systems of domination - it creates feedback loops which fuel interventionism and the dead-end politics of debateJames 15 (Robin James- Associate Professor of Philosophy @ UNC Charlotte, Resilience and Melancholy: Pop Music, Feminism, Neoliberalism, Publisher: Zero Books, p. 97-103)TR |rc Harun| The affirmative allows us to buy into a new adventure which decks collective struggle.Price 15 (Zachary Price, PhD. The Postcolonialist. Economies of Enjoyment and Terror in Django Unchained and 12 Years a Slave. ISSN: 2330-510X, December 2014fiJanuary 2015, Vol. 2, Number 2. http:fifipostcolonialist.comficulturefieconomies-enjoyment-terror-django-unchained-12-years-slavefi) |rc Harun| Their theorization assumes a Fanonian visual economy which produces blackness as an object – neoliberalism recycles that process into affective markets of resilience which demands visibility as the precondition of subjectification.James '15 Neurosis doesn't emerge from no-where (get it). Rather, specific locations, such as debate, instill us with an anti-black exceptionalist mythos that maintains the foundations of material oppression through representative scholarly tokenism and disinterested inquiry. The 1AC de-radicalizes criticism in favor of a neurotic bourgeois fanaticism that ensures anti-black death by way of voiding the world of black people.Curry Forthcoming (Tommy J. Curry, Texas AandM University, Department of Philosophy, Faculty Member. Black Studies, Not Morality: Anti-Black Racism, Neo-Liberal Cooptation, and the Challenges to Black Studies Under Intersectional Axioms. (Forthcoming in Emerging Voices of Africana: Disciplinary Resonances, Third World-Red Sea Press, ed. Michael Tillotson. https://www.academia.edu/8160498/_Draft_Black_Studies_Not_Morality_Anti-Black_Racism_Neo-Liberal_Cooptation_and_the_Challenges_to_Black_Studies_Under_Intersectional_Axioms) |rc Harun| Contrary to the aff's demand to comb the archives to reveal it to the university we affirm the pure negation of the black radical tradition- the opacity of the archive which acts as a self-imploding bomb in the semiotic economy of debate- this is a radical break with the theory of coloniality and anti-blackness as haunting and the projection of new worlds through their scholarship – rather we say there is radical appearance and undoing of western metaphysics in the act of disappearance itselfBest 15 (Stephen Best, associate professor of English at UC Berkeley, PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, November 2015, "Come and Gone," small axe: a caribbean journal of criticism Volume 19 Number 3, footnotes 20, 34, and 35 included in curly braces) gz |rc Harun| Fanon must be read not as revolutionary violence but revolutionary self-cannibalism where disappearance accelerates and overwhelms the visual economy which fractures colonial subjects – the alternative is creative apoptosis.Bikoro 13 (Nathalie Mba Bikoro is an Associate Lecturer (B.A. and M.A.) Institutions include Greenwich University London (Film and documentary production), South Bank University London (Issues in Representation, Media Arts Theory and Technology and Arts Management) in Humanities, Arts and Sciences Department, as well as teaching Contemporary Art History at Richmond Adult College. She is directing curator at ArtLab Open The Gate Gallery in London with monthly exhibitions programmes showcasing professional and emerging contemporary artists focusing on transnational dialogues and collaboration between cultures. How To Conjugate? Apoptosis of Identity, Orphaned Tongues and Drexciyan Moves in African Diasporic Narrative Futures, May 15, 2013, http://www.seismopolite.com/how-to-conjugate) |rc Harun| | 11/24/21 |
ND - T - A v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joshua You, Lawrence Zhou, Nathan Fleming Interpretation – "A" in the resolution indicates that you must defend that all just governments recognize an unconditional right to strike.An indefinite article like the word "a" is a universal quantifier if the main verb applies directly to itMichael Hess. 1985. (Michael Hess is professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Institute of Computational Linguistics. PhD at University of Zurch). "How Does Natural Language Quantify?". https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E85-1002.pdf. Bergen AK That applies to the rez – the obligation in the resolution applies directly to the just government, which makes "A" a universal quantifier. Vote aff:1~ Limits – there's 195 different governments that you could potentially specify, which explodes the number of affs – there's no universal disad to every government since each has different political scenarios so we lose core neg ground like the business confidence DA or the Grids/Police PIC. Limits outweighs – it controls the internal link to the possibility of engagement which turns education.2~ Precision – semantics outweighs pragmatics:A~ Anything else allows the aff to jettison words from the resolution to moot neg ground since they're not bound by the resolution – they'll say they're good enough but there's no brightline for that which justifies straying from the rez always.B~ Resolvability—it's more resolvable to compare semantics because you're just comparing two definitions, but pragmatics involves weighing between different impacts and how well they connect to voters, which is less resolvable because pragmatics is way more subjective. Resolvability matters because otherwise the judge must intervene to determine a winner which is the worst form of abuse since the debaters can't control it.C~ Jurisdiction – tournament rules mandate that we must defend the resolution, which means the judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on an advocacy that's not topical. Fairness is a voter—the judge must vote for the better debater which is impossible if the round is skewed.Drop the debater since drop the arg is severance – restarts the debate so the aff gets 7-6 time skew and too late for new neg offense.Use competing interps—~a~ leads to a race to the top where we find the best norms ~b~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention ~c~ reasonability collapses—you use offense/defense on the paradigm debate.No RVIs—~a~ logic – you don't win for being fair, ~b~ means you bait theory and go for the RVI | 11/10/21 |
ND - T - A v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 7 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JS | Judge: Joseph Barquin Interpretation – "A" in the resolution indicates that you must defend that all just governments recognize an unconditional right to strike.An indefinite article like the word "a" is a universal quantifier if the main verb applies directly to itMichael Hess. 1985. (Michael Hess is professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Institute of Computational Linguistics. PhD at University of Zurch). "How Does Natural Language Quantify?". https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E85-1002.pdf. Bergen AK That applies to the rez – the obligation in the resolution applies directly to the just government, which makes "A" a universal quantifier. Vote aff:1~ Limits – there's 195 different governments that you could potentially specify, which explodes the number of affs – there's no universal disad to every government since each has different political scenarios so we lose core neg ground like the business confidence DA or the Grids/Police PIC. Limits outweighs – it controls the internal link to the possibility of engagement which turns education.2~ Precision – semantics outweighs pragmatics:A~ Anything else allows the aff to jettison words from the resolution to moot neg ground since they're not bound by the resolution – they'll say they're good enough but there's no brightline for that which justifies straying from the rez always.B~ Resolvability—it's more resolvable to compare semantics because you're just comparing two definitions, but pragmatics involves weighing between different impacts and how well they connect to voters, which is less resolvable because pragmatics is way more subjective. Resolvability matters because otherwise the judge must intervene to determine a winner which is the worst form of abuse since the debaters can't control it.C~ Jurisdiction – tournament rules mandate that we must defend the resolution, which means the judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on an advocacy that's not topical. Fairness is a voter—the judge must vote for the better debater which is impossible if the round is skewed.Drop the debater since drop the arg is severance – restarts the debate so the aff gets 7-6 time skew and too late for new neg offense.Use competing interps—~a~ leads to a race to the top where we find the best norms ~b~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention ~c~ reasonability collapses—you use offense/defense on the paradigm debate.No RVIs—~a~ logic – you don't win for being fair, ~b~ means you bait theory and go for the RVI | 11/21/21 |
ND - T - A v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: Octas | Opponent: Saratoga AG | Judge: Rodrigo Paramo, Morgan Copeland, Peyton Reeves Interpretation – "A" in the resolution indicates that you must defend that all just governments recognize an unconditional right to strike.An indefinite article like the word "a" is a universal quantifier if the main verb applies directly to itMichael Hess. 1985. (Michael Hess is professor of Computational Linguistics and head of the Institute of Computational Linguistics. PhD at University of Zurch). "How Does Natural Language Quantify?". https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/E85-1002.pdf. Bergen AK That applies to the rez – the obligation in the resolution applies directly to the just government, which makes "A" a universal quantifier. Vote aff:1~ Limits – there's 195 different governments that you could potentially specify, which explodes the number of affs – there's no universal disad to every government since each has different political scenarios so we lose core neg ground like the business confidence DA or the Grids/Police PIC. Limits outweighs – it controls the internal link to the possibility of engagement which turns education.2~ Precision – semantics outweighs pragmatics:A~ Anything else allows the aff to jettison words from the resolution to moot neg ground since they're not bound by the resolution – they'll say they're good enough but there's no brightline for that which justifies straying from the rez always.B~ Jurisdiction – tournament rules mandate that we must defend the resolution, which means the judge doesn't have the jurisdiction to vote on an advocacy that's not topical.Fairness is a voter—the judge must vote for the better debater which is impossible if the round is skewed.Drop the debater since drop the arg is severance – restarts the debate so the aff gets 7-6 time skew and too late for new neg offense.Use competing interps—~a~ leads to a race to the top where we find the best norms ~b~ reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention ~c~ reasonability collapses—you use offense/defense on the paradigm debate.No RVIs—~a~ logic – you don't win for being fair, ~b~ means you bait theory and go for the RVI | 11/23/21 |
ND - T - FW v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Collin Smith Our interpretation is that the negative should only be burdened with rejoinder against affs that defend government policy action related to the unconditional right to strike.Violation: the aff does not result in a change to IPR policy from governmental engagement.Right – prefer on contextual analysis i.e. most sense with "right to strike"."Merriam-Webster Dictionary." Merriam-Webster.com, 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right. Accessed 6 Nov. 2021. Government – prefer bc it's the first entry – most predictable and relevant to topic norms"Merriam-Webster Dictionary." Merriam-Webster.com, 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/government. Accessed 6 Nov. 2021. The first impact is aff-neg dialectics — debate should center revolutionary potential but that can only occur when both sides are robustly prepared to engage in dialogue. This does not require that debate be solely competitive but it does require a problem-posing model that both sides can be prepared to respond to.Scheuer, 21 ~Robert Scheuer is a Social Ecologist from Southeast Michigan. He received a M.A. in Philosophy from Eastern Michigan University, and a B.A. in Philosophy from Michigan State University, "Dialogical Vanguard Pedagogy: Educate, Agitate, Awaken!," 5/17/2021, Midwestern Marx~Townes The second impact is tactical leadership —- defending a change in policy is a recognition that activism isn't spontaneous but requires deep planning that emerges from tactical discussions about the use of the state as a temporary tool. The only way to constrain abuse is to inhabit the state so your enemies can't.Hardt and Negri, 17 ~Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri AND Antonio "Toni" Negri is an Italian Spinozistic-Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of Empire and secondarily for his work on Spinoza, "Assembly," 2017, Oxford University Press~Townes | 11/10/21 |
ND - T - FW v2Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bentonville West KM | Judge: Kassie Colon 1NCOur interpretation is that the negative should only be burdened with rejoinder against affs that defend government policy action related to the unconditional right to strike.Violation: the aff does not result in a change to IPR policy from governmental engagement.Right – prefer on contextual analysis i.e. most sense with "right to strike"."Merriam-Webster Dictionary." Merriam-Webster.com, 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right. Accessed 6 Nov. 2021. Government – prefer bc it's the first entry – most predictable and relevant to topic norms"Merriam-Webster Dictionary." Merriam-Webster.com, 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/government. Accessed 6 Nov. 2021. The first impact is aff-neg dialectics — debate should center revolutionary potential but that can only occur when both sides are robustly prepared to engage in dialogue. This does not require that debate be solely competitive but it does require a problem-posing model that both sides can be prepared to respond to.Scheuer, 21 ~Robert Scheuer is a Social Ecologist from Southeast Michigan. He received a M.A. in Philosophy from Eastern Michigan University, and a B.A. in Philosophy from Michigan State University, "Dialogical Vanguard Pedagogy: Educate, Agitate, Awaken!," 5/17/2021, Midwestern Marx~Townes The second impact is tactical leadership —- defending a change in policy is a recognition that activism isn't spontaneous but requires deep planning that emerges from tactical discussions about the use of the state as a temporary tool. The only way to constrain abuse is to inhabit the state so your enemies can't.Hardt and Negri, 17 ~Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri AND Antonio "Toni" Negri is an Italian Spinozistic-Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of Empire and secondarily for his work on Spinoza, "Assembly," 2017, Oxford University Press~Townes The third impact is real world – 1ac cx say they can just fiat away stuffWorse for reovlutoonary mvoeemment buiding | 11/20/21 |
ND - T - FW v3Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: River Cook Our interpretation is that the negative should only be burdened with rejoinder against affs that defend policy action related to an unconditional right to strike for workers.Violation: the aff does not result in a change to policy regarding an unconditional right to strike from governmental engagement.The first impact is aff-neg dialectics — debate should center revolutionary potential but that can only occur when both sides are robustly prepared to engage in dialogue. This does not require that debate be solely competitive but it does require a problem-posing model that both sides can be prepared to respond to.Scheuer, 21 ~Robert Scheuer is a Social Ecologist from Southeast Michigan. He received a M.A. in Philosophy from Eastern Michigan University, and a B.A. in Philosophy from Michigan State University, "Dialogical Vanguard Pedagogy: Educate, Agitate, Awaken!," 5/17/2021, Midwestern Marx~Townes The second impact is tactical leadership —- defending a change in policy is a recognition that activism isn't spontaneous but requires deep planning that emerges from tactical discussions about the use of the state as a temporary tool. The only way to constrain abuse is to inhabit the state so your enemies can't.Hardt and Negri, 17 ~Michael Hardt is an American political philosopher and literary theorist. Hardt is best known for his book Empire, which was co-written with Antonio Negri AND Antonio "Toni" Negri is an Italian Spinozistic-Marxist sociologist and political philosopher, best known for his co-authorship of Empire and secondarily for his work on Spinoza, "Assembly," 2017, Oxford University Press~Townes | 11/21/21 |
ND - T - Workers v1Tournament: Glenbrooks Speech and Debate Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bergen County Academies AK | Judge: Spencer Orlowski The aff can't defend a subset of workers that have an unconditional right to strike recognized by the government.Leslie 16 Leslie, Sarah-Jane ~Sarah-Jane Leslie (Ph.D., Princeton, 2007) is the dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. She has previously served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. She is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Psychology, the University Center for Human Values, the Program in Gender and Sexuality Studies, and the Kahneman-Treisman Center for Behavioral Science and Public Policy~, 4-24-2016, "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ SM It applies to "workers" – 1~ upward entailment test – "governments ought to recognize the right of workers to strike" doesn't entail that governments ought to recognize the right of everybody to strike since it doesn't make sense for unemployed people to strike, 2~ adverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn't change the meaning because "unconditionally" means no matter whatB~ Violation –C~ Vote neg—1~ Semantics outweigh —A~ Topicality is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden, they agreed to debate the topic when they came to the tournamentB~ It's the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement, and there's no way to use ground if debaters aren't prepared to defend it.2~ Limits: You can spec in any sector like climate, tech, manufacturing, healthcare almost every sector has experienced strikes. There's no universal DA since if you spec a hyper specific sector it won't have any impact on the economy. That explodes neg prep burdens and kills engagement – even if generics solve, it's a horrible model that leads to the same stale debates.D~ Paradigm Issues –1~ T is DTD – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the start2~ Comes before 1AR theory — A~ If we had to be abusive it's because it was impossible to engage their aff B~ T outweighs on scope because their abuse affected every speech that came after the 1AC C~ Topic norms outweigh on urgency – we only have a few months to set them3~ Use competing interps on T – A~ topicality is a yes/no question, you can't be reasonably topical B~ reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation4~ No RVIs – A~ Forcing the 1NC to go all in on the shell kills substance education and neg strat B~ discourages checking real abuse C~ Encourages baiting – outweighs because if the shell is frivolous, they can beat it quickly | 11/21/21 |
ND - Theory - Strike Spec v1Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Park City NL | Judge: Zac Davis 1NC1Interpretation: Interpretation: The affirmative debater must specify which strikes workers ought to have an unconditional right to perform in a delineated text in the 1ac.Violation – you don't.Vote neg –"Strike" is flexible – there's too many interps of it – normal means shows no consensus which proves you must spec.NLRB no date National Labor Relations Board, https://www.nlrb.gov/strikes ====This acts as a resolvability standard. Debate has to make sense and be comparable for the judge to make a decision which means it's an independent voter and outweighs.==== Violation: They don't1~ Shiftiness- 1AR clarification delinks neg positions that prove why strikes in a certain instance shouldn't be guaranteed by saying those aren't their interpretation of strikes – wrecks neg ballot access and kills in depth clash – CX doesn't check since it kills 1NC construction pre-round2~ Real World- Policy makers will always specify how the mandates of the plan should be endorsed. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, people can circumvent the Aff's policy since there is no delineated way to enforce the affirmative which means there's no way to actualize any of their solvency arguments.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Education – its why schools fund it and allows for portable thinking.Drop the debater – ~a~ deter future abuse and ~b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – ~a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, ~b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 11/10/21 |
ND - Theory - Strike Spec v2Tournament: Apple Valley MinneApple Debate Tournament | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Strath Haven AM | Judge: Joshua You, Lawrence Zhou, Nathan Fleming Interpretation: The affirmative debater must specify which strikes workers ought to have an unconditional right to perform in a delineated text in the 1ac.Violation – you don't.Vote neg –"Strike" is flexible – there's too many interps of it – normal means shows no consensus which proves you must spec.NLRB no date National Labor Relations Board, https://www.nlrb.gov/strikes ====This acts as a resolvability standard. Debate has to make sense and be comparable for the judge to make a decision which means it's an independent voter and outweighs.==== Violation: They don't1~ Shiftiness- 1AR clarification delinks neg positions that prove why strikes in a certain instance shouldn't be guaranteed by saying those aren't their interpretation of strikes – wrecks neg ballot access and kills in depth clash – CX doesn't check since it kills 1NC construction pre-round2~ Real World- Policy makers will always specify how the mandates of the plan should be endorsed. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, people can circumvent the Aff's policy since there is no delineated way to enforce the affirmative which means there's no way to actualize any of their solvency arguments.Fairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation.Education – its why schools fund it and allows for portable thinking.Drop the debater – ~a~ deter future abuse and ~b~ set better norms for debate.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – ~a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, ~b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 11/10/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v1Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol AS | Judge: Zachary Reshovsky 1NC1The shift to digital labor has forced the subject to become overwhelmed by the speed of process and unattuned to its environment. Global Governance is a managerial system where even in the aff's attempt to increase access to research, it paradoxically reduces the paradigmatic function of knowledge.Berardi, Franco. "Cognitarian Subjectivation." E-Flux.com, November 2010, www.e-flux.com/journal/20/67633/cognitarian-subjectivation/ |Harun| Balance between intellectual rights and freedom only reinforces colonial domination through stricter implementation mechanisms and further legitimizes globalization.Ferrer, Cory. "The Rhetoric of 'Balance': Neo-Colonialism and Resistance in the Global Battle for Generic Drugs - ProQuest." Proquest.com, 2019, www.proquest.com/openview/5cbb5aa35aec157b3cdf8b03d5d269b7/1?pq-origsite=gscholarandcbl=18750anddiss=y. |Harun| The alternative is to engage in a schizoanalytic framework in response to the affirmative's call for global economic interdependency.Berardi 17, Franco "Bifo.". Soul At Work. AAKAR Books, 2017 |harun| | 11/10/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v2Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Javier Navarrete | 11/10/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v3Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VC | Judge: Ishan Rereddy KThe shift to digital labor has forced the subject to become overwhelmed by the speed of process and unattuned to its environment. Global Governance is a managerial system where even in the aff's attempt to increase access to research, it paradoxically reduces the paradigmatic function of knowledge.Berardi, Franco. "Cognitarian Subjectivation." E-Flux.com, November 2010, www.e-flux.com/journal/20/67633/cognitarian-subjectivation/ |Harun| TRIPS/compulsory licensing is a neoliberal ploy to both legitimize the WTO as a governing apparatus while covertly authorizing economic retaliation against nations who invoke it.Ferrer '19 Kantianism depends on empty signs like "democracy" or "freedom" which are innately void – philosophy is reduced to tautologies like "practical reason" and self-referential a priori "truths" – this collapses to the "will to will" which is how power reasserts itself through fascist violenceKroker '84 The alternative is to engage in a schizoanalytic framework in response to the affirmative's call for global economic interdependency. Uncondo yo.Berardi 17, Franco "Bifo.". Soul At Work. AAKAR Books, 2017 |harun| | 9/19/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v4Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 2 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Chris Castillo | 9/25/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v5Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Nikita Tanguturi The shift to digital labor has forced the subject to become overwhelmed by the speed of process and unattuned to its environment. Global Governance is a managerial system where even in the aff's attempt to increase access to research, it paradoxically reduces the paradigmatic function of knowledge.Berardi, Franco. "Cognitarian Subjectivation." E-Flux.com, November 2010, www.e-flux.com/journal/20/67633/cognitarian-subjectivation/ |Harun| The aff's vague allusion to helping women in the third world is resilience par excellence – their investment in third-world women of color as needing assistance from the benevolent West is simply the latest tactic of visualization by mutli-racial white supremacist patriarchy, sanctioning the expansion into new affective markets and global intervention under the guise of imperialist feminismJames '15 TRIPS/compulsory licensing is a neoliberal ploy to both legitimize the WTO as a governing apparatus while covertly authorizing economic retaliation against nations who invoke it.Ferrer '19 The alternative is to engage in a schizoanalytic framework in response to the affirmative's call for global economic interdependency.Berardi 17, Franco "Bifo.". Soul At Work. AAKAR Books, 2017 |harun| | 11/10/21 |
SO - K - Balanced Interdependence v6Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Delon Fuller, Holden Bukowsky, Nigel Taylor-Ward The shift to digital labor has forced the subject to become overwhelmed by the speed of process and unattuned to its environment. Global Governance is a managerial system where even in the aff's attempt to increase access to research, it paradoxically reduces the paradigmatic function of knowledge.Berardi, Franco. "Cognitarian Subjectivation." E-Flux.com, November 2010, www.e-flux.com/journal/20/67633/cognitarian-subjectivation/ |Harun| The aff's vague allusion to helping women in the third world is resilience par excellence – their investment in third-world women of color as needing assistance from the benevolent West is simply the latest tactic of visualization by mutli-racial white supremacist patriarchy, sanctioning the expansion into new affective markets and global intervention under the guise of imperialist feminismJames '15 Transparency is performative and otherness is inevitably assimilated – the academy's relationship to their feminist scholarship and performance turns and outweighs the case because it means the 1AC is inevitably wedded to militarized liberal logics of openness – remember, we control uniqueness with how technologies of communication within the university overdetermine their intentions and aims.Hoofd '15 The alternative is to engage in a schizoanalytic framework in response to the affirmative's call for global economic interdependency. The ROB is interrogate the aff's relationship to the affective economy.Berardi 17, Franco "Bifo.". Soul At Work. AAKAR Books, 2017 |harun| | 11/10/21 |
SO - T - IPR v1Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Javier Navarrete Interpretation: Intellectual property protections is a generic bare plural. The aff may not defend that member nations of the World Trade Organization reduce a subset of intellectual property protections for medicines.Leslie 16 Leslie, Sarah-Jane ~Sarah-Jane Leslie (Ph.D., Princeton, 2007) is the dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. She has previously served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. She is also affiliated faculty in the Department of Psychology, the University Center for Human Values, the Program in Gender and Sexuality Studies, and the Kahneman-Treisman Center for Behavioral Science and Public Policy~, 4-24-2016, "Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)," https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ SM Violation: they defend patentsIt applies to IP protections:Upward entailment test – spec fails the upward entailment test because saying that nations ought to reduce one type of IPP does not entail that those nations ought to reduce all kinds of IPPAdverb test – adding "usually" to the res doesn't substantially change its meaning because a reduction is universal and permanentVote neg:Semantics outweigh:T is a constitutive rule of the activity and a basic aff burden – they agreed to debate the topic when they came hereJurisdiction – you can't vote aff if they haven't affirmed the resolutionIt's the only stasis point we know before the round so it controls the internal link to engagement – there's no way to use ground if debaters aren't prepared to defend itLimits – there are countless affs accounting for every kind of intellectual property protections, like tertiary patents, provisional patents, and design patents – unlimited topics incentivize obscure affs that negs won't have prep on – limits are key to reciprocal prep burden – potential abuse doesn't justify foregoing the topic and 1AR theory checks PICsTVA solves – read as an advantage to whole rezParadigm issues:Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed the debate from the startComes before 1AR and 1AC theory – NC abuse is responsive to them not being topicalNo RVIs – fairness and education are a priori burdens – and encourages baiting – outweighs because if T is frivolous, they can beat it quicklyFairness is a voter ¬– necessary to determine the better debaterEducation is a voter – why schools fund debate | 11/10/21 |
SO - Theory - Combo Shell v1Tournament: Greenhill Fall Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Javier Navarrete | 11/10/21 |
SO - Theory - Combo Shell v2Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 6 | Opponent: Carneige Vanguard SR | Judge: Rohit Lakshman rest was extempted | 9/26/21 |
SO - Theory - IPR Specification v1Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Delon Fuller, Holden Bukowsky, Nigel Taylor-Ward Interpretation: affirmative debaters must delineate what intellectual property they reduce in the 1AC.Four types of IP that are vastly different.Ackerman 17 ~Peter; Founder and CEO, Innovation Asset Group, Inc; "The 4 Main Types of Intellectual Property and Related Costs," Decipher; 1/6/17; https://www.innovation-asset.com/blog/the-4-main-types-of-intellectual-property-and-related-costs~~ Justin Violation:Negate:1~ Shiftiness- they can redefine what intellectual properties the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of specific IP DAs, IP PICs, and case answers. They will always win on specificity weighing.CX can't resolve this and is bad because A~ Not flowed B~ Skews 6 min of prep and pre-round prep C~ They can lie and no way to check D~ Debaters can be shady.2~ Real World- policy makers will always specify what the object of change is. That outweighs since debate has no value without portable application. It also means zero solvency since the WTO, absent spec, can circumvent aff's policy since they can say they didn't know what was affected.This spec shell isn't regressive- it literally determines what the affirmative implements and who it affectsFairness – debate is a competitive activity that requires fairness for objective evaluation. Outweighs because it's the only intrinsic part of debate – all other rules can be debated over but rely on some conception of fairness to be justified.Drop the debater – a~ deter future abuse, b~ set better norms for debate and c~ we indict the entire advocacy – dta makes no sense.Competing interps – ~a~ reasonability is arbitrary and encourages judge intervention since there's no clear norm, ~b~ it creates a race to the top where we create the best possible norms for debate.No RVIs – a~ illogical, you don't win for proving that you meet the burden of being fair, logic outweighs since it's a prerequisite for evaluating any other argument, b~ RVIs incentivize baiting theory and prepping it out which leads to maximally abusive practices | 11/10/21 |
SO - Theory - Medicine Specification v1Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sharon RG | Judge: Nikita Tanguturi Interp – affs must specify medicine in a delineated text in the 1AC.Medicine is flexible and has too many interps – normal means shows no consensus and makes the round irresolvable since the judge doesn't know how to compare between types of offense and OW since it's a side constraint on decision making.Hofmann 21: Hofmann, Bjorn ~Institute for the Health Sciences at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik, PO Box 1, 2802, Gjøvik, Norway~ "Vagueness in Medicine: On Disciplinary Indistinctness, Fuzzy Phenomena, Vague Concepts, Uncertain Knowledge, and Fact-Value-Interaction" Springer Link, July 05, 2021 AA https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10516-021-09573-4 Violation – you don't.Prefer –1~ Stable Advocacy – they can redefine in the 1AR to wriggle out of DA's which kills high-quality engagement and becomes two ships passing in the night – triggers presumption since the aff wasn't subject to well researched scrutiny. We lose access to Insulin DA's, Innovation DA's, basic case turns, and core process counter plans that have different definitions and 1NC pre-round prep.2~ Real World – policy makers will always define the entity that they are prohibiting. It also means zero solvency, absent spec, actors circumvent since there's no specific object of the plan and means their solvency can't actualize.Medicine spec isn't regressive or arbitrary – its core topic lit for what happens when the aff is implemented and cannot be discounted from prohibition policies that require enforcement to function.Fairness – a~ its constitutive to debate as competitive activity that requires objective evaluation b~ sequencing question to engagementEducation – it's the only portable impact to debateCI – a) brightlines are arbitrary and self-serving which doesn't set good norms b) it collapses since weighing between brightlines rely on offense defenseNeg theory is drop the debater – a) Prep skew – aff's infinite prep means they can frontline every shell marginally enough to be efficient at DA and skew substance enough to deflate theory and win b) 1AR Flex – It's key to check 1ar flexibility since you can moot all 6 min of my offense and restart the debate on unpredictable layers while kicking the arguments that were abusive.No RVI's- a) logic – you shouldn't win for being fair b) clash – people go all in on theory which decks substance engagement c) chilling effect – people will be too scared to read theory because RVI's encourage baiting theory d~ 1ar flex | 11/10/21 |
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