Carnegie Vanguard Huang Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Harvard | 1 | William P Clements Independent KK | Megha Prasad |
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| Harvard | 4 | Mercer Island KS | Vandan Patel |
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| Harvard | 6 | Jupiter KG | Hever Arjon |
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| Harvard | 7 | William P Clements Independent MM | Lukas Krause |
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| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Troy Independent AP | Truman Le |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 1 | Plano East Anika Doddamane | Joshua Porter |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 3 | Klein Collins Larson Crank | Dylan Jones |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 6 | Strake Jesuit JD Kollar | Jugal Amodwala |
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| The Longhorn Classic | Triples | Strake Jesuit Vail Chen | Panel |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 1 | Strake Jesuit VJ | Isaac Chao |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 4 | Sidwell SW | Neville Tom |
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| University of Houston Cougar Classic | Octas | Dulles VN | Panel |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Harvard | 1 | Opponent: William P Clements Independent KK | Judge: Megha Prasad 1ac - constellations v4 |
| Harvard | 4 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: Vandan Patel 1ac - constellations v5 |
| Harvard | 6 | Opponent: Jupiter KG | Judge: Hever Arjon 1ac - constellations v6 |
| Harvard | 7 | Opponent: William P Clements Independent MM | Judge: Lukas Krause 1ac - constellations v7 |
| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Truman Le 1ac - heg and indo pak |
| The Longhorn Classic | 1 | Opponent: Plano East Anika Doddamane | Judge: Joshua Porter 1ac - teachers |
| The Longhorn Classic | 3 | Opponent: Klein Collins Larson Crank | Judge: Dylan Jones 1ac - teachers |
| The Longhorn Classic | 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JD Kollar | Judge: Jugal Amodwala 1ac - teachers |
| The Longhorn Classic | Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit Vail Chen | Judge: Panel 1ac - teachers |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VJ | Judge: Isaac Chao 1ac - constellations |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | 4 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Neville Tom 1ac - constellations |
| University of Houston Cougar Classic | Octas | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Panel 1ac - constellations |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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0 - ContactTournament: Any | Round: Finals | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Since I'm only a freshman and not too familiar with circuit, I don't know the wiki too well yet so please don't read disclosure on me. At the moment I'm working on disclosing as it's a work in progress! Please message me about disclosing my aff 30 minutes before round and I'll be happy to comply! Feel free to ask for past docs as well. here's my info email: laurahuang333@gmail.com | 1/1/22 |
0 - Important - CitesTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 1/1/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v1Tournament: University of Houston Cougar Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VJ | Judge: Isaac Chao | 1/15/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v2Tournament: University of Houston Cougar Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Neville Tom | 1/15/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v3Tournament: University of Houston Cougar Classic | Round: Octas | Opponent: Dulles VN | Judge: Panel | 1/16/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v4Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: William P Clements Independent KK | Judge: Megha Prasad Harvard R1 1AC1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett AND to evaluating the effects of the construction and maintenance of any one constellation. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====It goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway ’19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett AND nuclear weapons, it would be something that would threaten all of humanity. Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett AND if we don’t address this invisible problem — because Kessler Syndrome isn’t waiting. The modern food system relies on satellites. Collapse triggers global shocks to supply.Tompkins 19 ~Steven, Inmarsat’s Director of Sector Development for Agriculture. Head of Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains Team at ADAS. Entrepreneurial manager with a sustained track record of building new profitable business streams for science-based organizations in the agri-food sector.; 3-18-2019; "Enabling the connected farm – the importance of satellite communications," Inmarsat, https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/enabling-the-connected-farm-the-importance-of-satellite-communications/~~ brett AND images taken from space but an enabler to the Agri-Tech Revolution. Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia’s global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett AND identify famine as a potential trigger for conflicts and possibly even nuclear war. PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND any formal, official claim of such by a responsible, authorizing government. No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND oversee, monitor, and regulate what private actors are doing in space. Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== Prefer:1~ Bindingness— I could put my hand on a hot stove and I’d automatically pull it back before a signal is sent to my brain— Anything else fails to be morally binding because one could always ask "why not?"2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive. That outweighs:A~ Parsimony – metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely.B~ Hijacks – intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.4~ Lexical pre-requisite: threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose5~ TJFs:A~ Predictable literature — util ensures that we have a wide breadth of literature about the topic to read because contention level arguments are centered around current events and substantive. Outweighs because of accessibility – it might be difficult for debaters to access paywalled philosophical journals and to make sense of them, but general topic literature like news and op eds are easily accessible.B~ Topic ed — util ensures topical research and debate because we have to analyze the consequences of the plan versus the neg advocacy. Outweighs on reversibility – we can learn about Kant anywhere outside the round but topical debate happens these two months.6~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it’s a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett AND noticeable effect. We prefer to focus on more targeted and neglected solutions. 7~ Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:A~ Theory—they’re functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable educationB~ Morally abhorrent – it would say we have no obligation to prevent genocide and that slavery was permissible which is morally abhorrent and makes debate unsafeUnderviewUse reasonability on the brightline of in-round abuse — Competing interps ensures endless theory debates — empirically proven by the overwhelming norm of competing interps and the strategic value it gives theory in LD. Reasonability is critical to ensure theory checks abusive practices that tangibly impact the debate rather than a strategic device to run from substance. | 2/18/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v5Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: Vandan Patel 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett AND to evaluating the effects of the construction and maintenance of any one constellation. No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would decrease slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. AND LCs are added to the simulated environment as described in the sections below. ~1~Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====It goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway ’19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett AND nuclear weapons, it would be something that would threaten all of humanity. Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett AND if we don’t address this invisible problem — because Kessler Syndrome isn’t waiting. Collapsing satellites causes extinction–~2~ Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett AND , health emergencies and the research agenda on the benefits to public health. Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett AND hit by a deadlier, more contagious pandemic. Will we be ready? ~3~ Agriculture — Satellites are key to itTompkins 19 ~Steven, Inmarsat’s Director of Sector Development for Agriculture. Head of Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains Team at ADAS. Entrepreneurial manager with a sustained track record of building new profitable business streams for science-based organizations in the agri-food sector.; 3-18-2019; "Enabling the connected farm – the importance of satellite communications," Inmarsat, https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/enabling-the-connected-farm-the-importance-of-satellite-communications/~~ brett AND images taken from space but an enabler to the Agri-Tech Revolution. Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia’s global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett AND all identify famine as a potential trigger for conflicts and possibly even nuclear war PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND any formal, official claim of such by a responsible, authorizing government. No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND oversee, monitor, and regulate what private actors are doing in space. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Prefer:1~ Bindingness— I could put my hand on a hot stove and I’d automatically pull it back before a signal is sent to my brain—2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations3~ Extinction first under any frameworkA~ Future lives — trillions of future lives are lost. They are just as valuable as current ones – anything else says some lives are worth less than others which is a slippery slope to genocideB~ Reversibility — extinction forecloses future improvement; prefer – moral uncertainty: if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true, we should preserve it to figure things out. | 2/19/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v6Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Jupiter KG | Judge: Hever Arjon | 2/20/22 |
JF - AC - Constellations v7Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: William P Clements Independent MM | Judge: Lukas Krause 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett AND to evaluating the effects of the construction and maintenance of any one constellation. No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would decrease slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. AND LCs are added to the simulated environment as described in the sections below. ~1~Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett AND adversaries. "This is a politically dangerous dilemma," the authors write. ====It goes nuclear.==== AND would be significantly reduced (loss of military logistics and intelligence gathering satellites). Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway ’19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett AND nuclear weapons, it would be something that would threaten all of humanity. Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett AND if we don’t address this invisible problem — because Kessler Syndrome isn’t waiting. Collapsing satellites causes extinction–~2~ Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett AND , health emergencies and the research agenda on the benefits to public health. Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett AND hit by a deadlier, more contagious pandemic. Will we be ready? ~3~ Agriculture — Satellites are key to itTompkins 19 ~Steven, Inmarsat’s Director of Sector Development for Agriculture. Head of Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains Team at ADAS. Entrepreneurial manager with a sustained track record of building new profitable business streams for science-based organizations in the agri-food sector.; 3-18-2019; "Enabling the connected farm – the importance of satellite communications," Inmarsat, https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/enabling-the-connected-farm-the-importance-of-satellite-communications/~~ brett AND images taken from space but an enabler to the Agri-Tech Revolution. Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia’s global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett AND all identify famine as a potential trigger for conflicts and possibly even nuclear war PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND any formal, official claim of such by a responsible, authorizing government. No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020'referenceworkentry'thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett AND oversee, monitor, and regulate what private actors are doing in space. Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== Prefer:1~ Bindingness— I could put my hand on a hot stove and I’d automatically pull it back before a signal is sent to my brain—2~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations3~ Extinction first under any frameworkA~ Future lives — trillions of future lives are lost. They are just as valuable as current ones – anything else says some lives are worth less than others which is a slippery slope to genocideB~ Reversibility — extinction forecloses future improvement; prefer – moral uncertainty: if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true, we should preserve it to figure things out.4~ TJFs:A~ Predictable literature — util ensures that we have a wide breadth of literature about the topic to read because contention level arguments are centered around current events and substantive. Outweighs because of accessibility – it might be difficult for debaters to access paywalled philosophical journals and to make sense of them, but general topic literature like news and op eds are easily accessible.B~ Topic ed — util ensures topical research and debate because we have to analyze the consequences of the plan versus the neg advocacy. Outweighs on reversibility – we can learn about Kant anywhere outside the round but topical debate happens these two months. | 2/22/22 |
ND - Teachers v1Tournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 1 | Opponent: Plano East Anika Doddamane | Judge: Joshua Porter TEACHERS AFF ———AdvantageStatus Quo policies make the opportunity cost for teacher strikes too highCasey 20 Leo Casey, 12-2-2020, "The Teacher Strike: Conditions for Success," Dissent Magazine, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online'articles/the-teacher-strike-conditions-for-success AND points, it will become difficult to mount or sustain a successful strike. That causes teachers uproot and quitting through unsatisfactionCarpenter 21 Jennifer Carpenter., 05-17-21, "Opinion: Protect local control for schools," Burlington Free Press, https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/opinion/my-turn/2017/05/17/opinion-protect-local-control-schools/101726614/ AND impact on programs and teachers, would have devastating consequences on local communities. Current quality of education is sharply decreasing through teacher shortagesBoyce 19 Paul Boyce, 9-17-2019, "The Teacher Shortage Is Real and about to Get Much Worse. Here's Why," No Publication, https://fee.org/articles/the-teacher-shortage-is-real-and-about-to-get-much-worse-heres-why/ AND more of the difference in educational gains than race and parent education combined. Quality of education is key for innovation to stop climate changeKwauk et al 3/26’ ~Christina Kwauk and Rebecca Winthrop, 3-26-2021, "Unleashing the creativity of teachers and students to combat climate change: An opportunity for global leadership," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/research/unleashing-the-creativity-of-teachers-and-students-to-combat-climate-change-an-opportunity-for-global-leadership/~~ AND , charting new paths forward for what life can and should be like. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." AdvantageUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer and is key to democracy globallyKelly Magsamen et. al. 18, Max Bergmann, Michael Fuchs, and Trevor Sutton, 9-5-2018, "Securing a Democratic World," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2018/09/05/457451/securing-democratic-world/ AND that the United States can drive globally in the context of rising competition. ExtinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Shanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" The rules of logic claim that the only time a statement is invalid is if the antecedent is true, but the consequent is false.SEP ~Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.~ "An Introduction to Philosophy." Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html TG M AND of true and false antecedents and consequents, the conditional statement is true. If the aff is winning, they get the ballot is a tacit ballot conditional which means denying the premise proves the conclusion that I should get the ballot.Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== 1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences explain why the second one is much worse than the first.4~ Reversibility- we can’t improve society if we are all dead – it can’t be reversed (sequence of timeframe and magnitude)5~ Suffering- death causes suffering when people can’t get access to basic resources and necessities6~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview~1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, no rvis and the highest layer of the round – 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs or 2NR theory and paradigm issues– 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time | 1/1/22 |
ND - Teachers v1Tournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Klein Collins Larson Crank | Judge: Dylan Jones TEACHERS AFF ———AdvantageStatus Quo policies make the opportunity cost for teacher strikes too highCasey 20 Leo Casey, 12-2-2020, "The Teacher Strike: Conditions for Success," Dissent Magazine, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online'articles/the-teacher-strike-conditions-for-success AND points, it will become difficult to mount or sustain a successful strike. That causes teachers uproot and quitting through unsatisfactionCarpenter 21 Jennifer Carpenter., 05-17-21, "Opinion: Protect local control for schools," Burlington Free Press, https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/opinion/my-turn/2017/05/17/opinion-protect-local-control-schools/101726614/ AND impact on programs and teachers, would have devastating consequences on local communities. Current quality of education is sharply decreasing through teacher shortagesBoyce 19 Paul Boyce, 9-17-2019, "The Teacher Shortage Is Real and about to Get Much Worse. Here's Why," No Publication, https://fee.org/articles/the-teacher-shortage-is-real-and-about-to-get-much-worse-heres-why/ AND more of the difference in educational gains than race and parent education combined. Quality of education is key for innovation to stop climate changeKwauk et al 3/26’ ~Christina Kwauk and Rebecca Winthrop, 3-26-2021, "Unleashing the creativity of teachers and students to combat climate change: An opportunity for global leadership," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/research/unleashing-the-creativity-of-teachers-and-students-to-combat-climate-change-an-opportunity-for-global-leadership/~~ AND , charting new paths forward for what life can and should be like. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." AdvantageUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer and is key to democracy globallyKelly Magsamen et. al. 18, Max Bergmann, Michael Fuchs, and Trevor Sutton, 9-5-2018, "Securing a Democratic World," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2018/09/05/457451/securing-democratic-world/ AND that the United States can drive globally in the context of rising competition. ExtinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Shanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" The rules of logic claim that the only time a statement is invalid is if the antecedent is true, but the consequent is false.SEP ~Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.~ "An Introduction to Philosophy." Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~~bobonich/dictionary/dictionary.html TG M AND of true and false antecedents and consequents, the conditional statement is true. If the aff is winning, they get the ballot is a tacit ballot conditional which means denying the premise proves the conclusion that I should get the ballot.Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== 1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences explain why the second one is much worse than the first.4~ Reversibility- we can’t improve society if we are all dead – it can’t be reversed (sequence of timeframe and magnitude)5~ Suffering- death causes suffering when people can’t get access to basic resources and necessities6~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview~1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, no rvis and the highest layer of the round – 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs or 2NR theory and paradigm issues– 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time | 1/1/22 |
ND - Teachers v2Tournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit JD Kollar | Judge: Jugal Amodwala TEACHERS AFF ———AdvantageStatus Quo policies make the opportunity cost for teacher strikes too highCasey 20 Leo Casey, 12-2-2020, "The Teacher Strike: Conditions for Success," Dissent Magazine, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online'articles/the-teacher-strike-conditions-for-success AND points, it will become difficult to mount or sustain a successful strike. That causes teachers uproot and quitting through unsatisfactionCarpenter 21 Jennifer Carpenter., 05-17-21, "Opinion: Protect local control for schools," Burlington Free Press, https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/opinion/my-turn/2017/05/17/opinion-protect-local-control-schools/101726614/ AND impact on programs and teachers, would have devastating consequences on local communities. Current quality of education is sharply decreasing through teacher shortagesBoyce 19 Paul Boyce, 9-17-2019, "The Teacher Shortage Is Real and about to Get Much Worse. Here's Why," No Publication, https://fee.org/articles/the-teacher-shortage-is-real-and-about-to-get-much-worse-heres-why/ AND more of the difference in educational gains than race and parent education combined. Quality of education is key for innovation to stop climate changeKwauk et al 3/26’ ~Christina Kwauk and Rebecca Winthrop, 3-26-2021, "Unleashing the creativity of teachers and students to combat climate change: An opportunity for global leadership," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/research/unleashing-the-creativity-of-teachers-and-students-to-combat-climate-change-an-opportunity-for-global-leadership/~~ AND , charting new paths forward for what life can and should be like. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." AdvantageUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer and is key to democracy globallyKelly Magsamen et. al. 18, Max Bergmann, Michael Fuchs, and Trevor Sutton, 9-5-2018, "Securing a Democratic World," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2018/09/05/457451/securing-democratic-world/ AND that the United States can drive globally in the context of rising competition. ExtinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Shanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== 1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences explain why the second one is much worse than the first.4~ Reversibility- we can’t improve society if we are all dead – it can’t be reversed (sequence of timeframe and magnitude)5~ Suffering- death causes suffering when people can’t get access to basic resources and necessities6~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview~1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, no rvis and the highest layer of the round – 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs or 2NR theory and paradigm issues– 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time | 1/1/22 |
ND - Teachers v3Tournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit Vail Chen | Judge: Panel TEACHERS AFF ———AdvantageStatus Quo policies make the opportunity cost for teacher strikes too highCasey 20 Leo Casey, 12-2-2020, "The Teacher Strike: Conditions for Success," Dissent Magazine, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online'articles/the-teacher-strike-conditions-for-success AND points, it will become difficult to mount or sustain a successful strike. That causes teachers uproot and quitting through unsatisfactionCarpenter 21 Jennifer Carpenter., 05-17-21, "Opinion: Protect local control for schools," Burlington Free Press, https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/opinion/my-turn/2017/05/17/opinion-protect-local-control-schools/101726614/ AND impact on programs and teachers, would have devastating consequences on local communities. Current quality of education is sharply decreasing through teacher shortagesBoyce 19 Paul Boyce, 9-17-2019, "The Teacher Shortage Is Real and about to Get Much Worse. Here's Why," No Publication, https://fee.org/articles/the-teacher-shortage-is-real-and-about-to-get-much-worse-heres-why/ AND more of the difference in educational gains than race and parent education combined. Quality of education is key for innovation to stop climate changeKwauk et al 3/26’ ~Christina Kwauk and Rebecca Winthrop, 3-26-2021, "Unleashing the creativity of teachers and students to combat climate change: An opportunity for global leadership," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/research/unleashing-the-creativity-of-teachers-and-students-to-combat-climate-change-an-opportunity-for-global-leadership/~~ AND , charting new paths forward for what life can and should be like. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." AdvantageUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer and is key to democracy globallyKelly Magsamen et. al. 18, Max Bergmann, Michael Fuchs, and Trevor Sutton, 9-5-2018, "Securing a Democratic World," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2018/09/05/457451/securing-democratic-world/ AND that the United States can drive globally in the context of rising competition. ExtinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Shanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" Framing====Moen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI RCT by JPark==== 1~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework: Threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.2~ actor-specificity: side constraints freeze action because government policies always require trade-offs—the only justifiable way to resolve those conflicts is by benefiting everyone. Actor-specificity comes first because different agents have different ethical obligations.3~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences explain why the second one is much worse than the first.4~ Reversibility- we can’t improve society if we are all dead – it can’t be reversed (sequence of timeframe and magnitude)5~ Suffering- death causes suffering when people can’t get access to basic resources and necessities6~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview~1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps, no rvis and the highest layer of the round – 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off – no RVIs or 2NR theory and paradigm issues– 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time | 1/1/22 |
SO - StockTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Truman Le | 1/1/22 |
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