Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Nguyen, Vanessa
AC - Covid aff NC - Bioterror PIC T Nebel medicine Th can't spec AR - all 2NR - T nebel
Jack Howe
3
Opponent: Notre Dame San Jose AG | Judge: Cortez, Benjamin
1AC - WTO legitimacy South Africa and India impact NC - T nebel Innovation DA India and Pakistan denuclearize CP
Jack Howe
5
Opponent: Marlborough GA | Judge: Yonter, Victoria
AC - Neocolonialism AC NC - T Nebel medicine Revise TRIPS CP Innovation DA AR - all NR - CP DA
Meadows
2
Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Cardenas, Albert
AC - Communication debate bad AC NC - T-FW new affs bad performance bad K AR - all NR - t-fw
Meadows
4
Opponent: Harvard-Westlake WL | Judge: Smith, Jacob
AC - Covid NC - WHO CP Dual use PIC Nebel T case AR - all NR - WHO
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Cites
Entry
Date
Contact info
Tournament: | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Hey I'm Andrew (he/him)! Let me know of any content warnings or interps you want me to meet before round Email: ask30kango9@gmail.com FB: https://www.facebook.com/andrew.kang.9231
9/18/21
Disclosure
Tournament: | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Interp: Debaters at all TOC bid distributing tournaments must disclose all broken positions on their NDCA wiki page under the correct side, their own name with full citations, tags, and first three/last three words.
Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2018-2019 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them.
Interp: Debaters must disclose all broken T and theory interps on the NDCA wiki.
Interp: On the NDCA wiki, debaters must disclose a summary of each individual analytic in their cases. To clarify, you don't have to disclose the full text, just a few words that summarize it - ie "actor specificity." You can't just substitute everything with "analytic".
Interp: For each position broken on the NDCA wiki, debaters must include a corresponding round report that summarizes what positions were read and gone for in each speech.
Interpretation: Debaters, on their corresponding NDCA LD wiki page, must disclose their contact information. To clarify, this can be an email address, Facebook, number, etc.
Interpretation: On the NDCA wiki, all cites must have an appropriate title that includes both a summary of the position and the topic in which it was read. To clarify, this can be JanFeb, NovDec, etc. If the position is generic, they must categorize it accordingly.
9/18/21
SeptOct - NC - CP - Bioterror PIC
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Nguyen, Vanessa Counterplan Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to 1 reduce intellectual property protections for COVID-19 medicines except for dual-use biotechnologies and 2 offer a 3 year patent extension on dual use biotechnologies conditioned on accompanying countermeasures. The counterplan incentivizes development into countermeasures and removes terrorist access to biotechnologies. Million-Perez, H. (2016). Addressing duel-use technology in an age of bioterrorism: Patent extensions to inspire companies making duel use technology to create accompanying countermeasures. AIPLA Quarterly Journal, 44(3), 387-436. Rachael Million-Perez is an associate with Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper and Scinto and a graduate of the George Washington University Law School. sid Although previous congressional proposals, Acts, and committees aimed to fund and incentivize countermeasures AND development an attractive investment, and takes advantage of companies' resources and expertise. Vulnerabilities exposed by COVID have invigorated availability and interest in bioterror, but technical challenges remain as barriers to acquisition. Koblentz and Kiesel 7/14 Gregory D. Koblentz (Deputy Director of the Biodefense Graduate Program and Assistant Professor of Government and Politics in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University) and Stevie Kiesel (Biodefense PhD Student, Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University). “The COVID-19 Pandemic: Catalyst or Complication for Bioterrorism?”. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. Published online 14 Jul 2021. Accessed 7/22/21. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1944023?journalCode=uter20Xu Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, there has been AND should be optimized to strengthen preparedness against the full spectrum of biological threats. IP protections are the only limit on proliferating dual-use biotech – losing patents puts financial pressure on companies to outsource RandD, which skyrockets bioterror acquisition. Finlay 10 Brian Finlay (President and Chief Executive Officer of the Stimson Center, M.A. from the Norman Patterson School of International Affairs at Carleton University, a graduate diploma from the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University and an honors B.A. from Western University in Canada). “The Bioterror Pipeline: Big Pharma, Patent Expirations, and New Challenges to Global Security”. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer 2010), pp. 51-64. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45289504?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contentsXu Until recently, these investment risks were frequently mitigated by income generated from past drug AND actor involvement in dual-use activities has sobering implications for global security. Bioterrorism causes Extinction – overcomes any conventional defense. Walsh 19, Bryan. End Times: A Brief Guide to the End of the World. Hachette Books, 2019. (Future Correspondent for Axios, Editor of the Science and Technology Publication OneZero, Former Senior and International Editor at Time Magazine, BA from Princeton University)Elmer I’ve lived through disease outbreaks, and in the previous chapter I showed just how AND to pull this off. It’s actually surprising that it hasn’t happened yet.”
9/18/21
SeptOct - NC - CP - Disarm Indo-Pak
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Notre Dame San Jose AG | Judge: Cortez, Benjamin CP: The Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ought to eliminate their nuclear arsenals. Qurat-Ul-Ain 18 Mastoor Qurat-ul-ain is a PhD candidate at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies (DSS) at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. She received her MPhil degree in International Relations from the same university. "The Case for Nuclear Disarmament in South Asia – South Asian Voices," South Asian Voices, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-disarmament-in-south-asia/ 4-25-2018 RE Disarmament: The Way Forward Ultimately, deterrence puts both South Asian nuclear neighbors at AND but globally. Without disarmament, prolonged stability will only be an illusion.
The Republic of South Africa ought to - Double the minimum wage - Provide a universal jobs guarantee - Guarantee universal access to food
9/19/21
SeptOct - NC - CP - Drug donation
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough GA | Judge: Yonter, Victoria Text: Member nations of the World Trade organization should revise TRIPS by - Extending patent protection of medicine by 3 weeks - Replacing the compulsory licensing provision with a requirement that patent protection is contingent upon drug donation, using previous qualification standards - Revising the parallel import article to prohibit the flow of donated medicine into wealthy markets Solves equitable medicine access Andreassen 14 Tom Andreassen Tom Andreassen is Ph.D-candidate at the Programme for Applied Ethics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. (2014). Patent Funded Access to Medicines. Developing World Bioethics Volume 15 Number 3 2015 pp 152–161, 15(3). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dewb.12058 ash Irrespective of the extent to which the TRIPS induced IP protection makes essential drugs unattainable AND and the international institutions to build competence, health institutions and distribution capacity.
9/22/21
SeptOct - NC - DA - Innovation
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 3 | Opponent: Notre Dame San Jose AG | Judge: Cortez, Benjamin Biotech industry strong now Cancherini et al. 4/30 (Laura, Engagement Manager @ McKinsey and Company, Joseph Lydon, Associate Partner @ McKinsey and Company, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Senior Partner at McKinsey and Company, and Alexandra Zemp, Partner at McKinsey and Company), “What’s ahead for biotech: Another wave or low tide?“, McKinsey and Company, 4-30-2021, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/whats-ahead-for-biotech-another-wave-or-low-tide TDI Belying this downbeat mood, biotech has in fact had one of its best years AND access to capital and leaves it with more scope to concentrate on science.
Lack of IP protection makes medical innovation prohibitively risky and expensive Grabowski et al 15 (Henry, Professor of Economics, member of the faculty for the Health Sector Management Program, and Director of the Program in Pharmaceuticals and Health Economics at Duke University) “The Roles of Patents and Research And Development Incentives In Biopharmaceutical Innovation,” Health Affairs, 2/2015 JL The essential rationale for patent protection for biopharmaceuticals is that long-term benefits in AND protection plays a key role in funding and partnership opportunities for such firms.
IP enables critical information sharing Simon 6/25 (Brenda, professor at California Western School of Law, research interests focus on how technological developments affect intellectual property and information law, former teaching fellow for the Law, Science and Technology LL.M. Program at Stanford Law School, and a research fellow in the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences, JD from UC Berkeley School of Law) “Patents, Information, and Innovation,” Brooklyn Law Review, 6/25/2020 JL Patents play numerous roles in encouraging the exchange of information during the investment-seeking AND protection would be available for some medical devices have also raised concerns.229
MRNA solves a litany of diseases, but continued innovation is key Gupta 5/7 (Swati, vice president and head of emerging infectious diseases and scientific strategy at IAVI, a nonprofit scientific research organization that develops vaccines and antibodies for HIV, tuberculosis, emerging infectious diseases (including COVID-19) and neglected diseases, PhD and MPH from Yale University) “The Application and Future Potential of mRNA Vaccines,” Yale School of Public Health, 5/7/2021 JL The implications of mRNA technology are staggering. Several vaccine developers are studying this technology AND , but more likely to be a reality in the very near future.
Disease causes extinction – defense is wrong Piers Millett 17, Consultant for the World Health Organization, PhD in International Relations and Affairs, University of Bradford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Vol 15(4), http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/hs.2017.0028 Historically, disease events have been responsible for the greatest death tolls on humanity. AND , and available vectors, could be modified as well.19-2
9/19/21
SeptOct - NC - K - Performance bad
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Cardenas, Albert The 1AC is a presentation sentimental politics which promises that empathetic identification will reshape not only debate, but the world and actualize an ethics of care. That produces pain as a prophylactic from our violence toward otherness reliant on an economy of victimization. Berlant 98 (Lauren, Department of English, University of Chicago, “Poor Eliza,” American Literature, Vol. 70, No. 3, No More Separate Spheres! (Sep., 1998), Duke University Press, pg. 635-668) What distinguishes these critical texts are the startling ways they struggle to encounter the Uncle AND in some way, fully expressed by the overpresence of the stereotypical image.
That collapses into western liberal deathmaking as bodies are constructed as objects of libidinal investment for a larger structure of liberalized violence. Berlant 99 (Lauren, Department of English, University of Chicago, “The Subject of True Feeling: Pain, Privacy and Politics” in Cultural Pluralism, Identity Politics and the Law ed. Sarat and Kearns, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Pg. 49-54) Ravaged wages and ravaged bodies saturate the global marketplace in which the United States seeks AND shields, as ethically uncontestable legitimating devices for sustaining the hegemonic field.9
We must refuse the politics of liberalism and the economization of injury and suffering. Our politics does not ignore the violence of the world but instead refuses a particular set of representations and values which enframe violence within spheres of so-called activism Abbas ’10 (Asma, Professor and Division Head in Social Studies, Political Science, Philosophy at the Liebowitz Center for International Studies at Bard College at Simon’s Rock, Liberalism and Human Suffering: Materialist Reflections on Politics, Ethics, and Aesthetics, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pg. Pg. 183 - 187) In Martha Nussbaum’s celebration of cosmopolitanism, the familiar move of the invocation of the AND of newer forms of joy, desire, hope, and life itself. Unnerve yourself. Refuse to take that last hit of the prophylacticism presented by the 1ac. Instead, engage in an analysis of the 1ac in order to unsettle and dismember the violent assumptions of sovereignty that overdetermine the political. The solution to our problems is not “well we just haven't found the right kind of debate-centric activism to make everything ok”, but instead we should start with the question of why the 1ac, why debate activism at all? Berlant and Edelman 14 (Lee, Professor of English at Tufts, Laura, Professor of English at the University of Chicago, “Sex, or the Unbearable,” Page vii-x, sr) The following chapters approach the scene of relationality by focusing on the “negativity” AND politics, and theory become ever more insistently the focus of our analysis.
10/30/21
SeptOct - NC - T - FW
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Cardenas, Albert Our interpretation is that the resolution should determine the division of affirmative and negative ground. “Resolved” means enactment of a law. Words and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). “Resolved”. 1964. Definition of the word “resolve,” given by Webster is “to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;” It is of similar force to the word “enact,” which is defined by Bouvier as meaning “to establish by law”.
Medicine is scientific practice of helping others
Google definitions the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease (in technical use often taken to exclude surgery).
First, competitive equity – A Ground: they get to pick the topic ex post facto which incentivizes vague argumentation that’s not grounded in a consistent, stable mechanism – they’re playing dodgeball with hand grenades – caselists are concessionary, unpredictable, beaten by perms, and don’t justify their model. B Limits: their model has no resolutional bound and creates the possibility for literally an infinite number of 1ACs. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months. Cutting negs to every possible aff is a commitment even large squads can’t handle. Counter-interpretations are arbitrary, unpredictable, and don’t solve the world of neg prep because there’s no grounding in the resolution C Causality- debating the resolution forces the affirmative to defend a cause and effect relationship, the state doing x results in y. Non topical affs establish their own barometer “I think x is good for me” that aren’t negateable. D Fairness is an impact – 1 it’s an intrinsic good – some level of competitive equity is necessary to sustain the activity – if it didn’t exist, then there wouldn’t be value to the game since judges could literally vote whatever way they wanted regardless of the competing arguments made 2 probability – your ballot can’t solve their impacts but it can solve mine – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but can rectify skews 3 internal link turns every impact – a limited topic promotes in-depth research and engagement which is necessary to access all of their education 4 comes before substance – deciding any other argument in this debate cannot be disentangled from our inability to prepare for it – any argument you think they’re winning is a link, not a reason to vote for them, since it’s just as likely that they’re winning it because we weren’t able to effectively prepare to defeat it. This means they don’t get to weigh the aff.
Second, switch-side debate – A the reason debate is a unique process is because it demands rigorous testing of advocacy skills through not getting to pick and choose what to defend – it’s the only plausible explanation for the form of the activity – it also solves their offense. Poscher 16 Ralf Poscher, Diat the Institute for Staatswissenschaft and Philosophy of Law at the University of Freiburg “Why We Argue About the Law: An Agonistic Account of Legal Disagreement”, Metaphilosophy of Law, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki/Adam Dyrda/Pawel Banas (eds.), Hart Publishing. 2016. Hegel’s dialectical thinking powerfully exploits the idea of negation. It is a central feature AND concept of justice to art such as to engage in an intelligible controversy.
B topical version of the aff solves – they can still have all their advantages under TVA They read and opensourced an india aff just defend that
Vote negative – A this procedurally evaluates whether their model is good, which is a prior question B they can’t get offense: we don’t exclude them, only persuade you that our methodology is best. Every debate requires a winner and loser, so voting negative doesn’t reject them from debate, it just says they should make a better argument next time.
10/30/21
SeptOct - NC - T - Nebel medicine
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Nguyen, Vanessa Interpretation: The aff must defend that member nations reduce intellectual property protections for all medicines Violation: The upward entailment test and adverb test determine the genericity of a bare plural Leslie and Lerner 16 Sarah-Jane Leslie, Ph.D., Princeton, 2007. Dean of the Graduate School and Class of 1943 Professor of Philosophy. Served as the vice dean for faculty development in the Office of the Dean of the Faculty, director of the Program in Linguistics, and founding director of the Program in Cognitive Science at Princeton University. Adam Lerner, PhD Philosophy, Postgraduate Research Associate, Princeton 2018. From 2018, Assistant Professor/Faculty Fellow in the Center for Bioethics at New York University. Member of the Princeton Social Neuroscience Lab. “Generic Generalizations.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. April 24, 2016. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/generics/ TG
Generics and Logical Form In English, generics can be expressed using a AND perhaps better used than “usually” to mark off the generic reading.) It applies to “Medicines” – 1 upward entailment- “member nations of the wto ought to reduce intellectual property protections on medicines” does not entail that member nations ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines because it doesn’t prove that we should reduce intellectual property protections for vaccines. 2 adverb quantification -- adding “generally” to the res doesn’t substantially change its meaning because the res never specified further Vote negative: 1 Limits – There are over 20,000 affs. FDA 11/18 (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Service) “Fact Sheet: FDA at a Glance,” 11/18/2020 JL There are over 20,000 prescription drug products approved for marketing. FDA oversees over 6,500 different medical device product categories. There are over 1,600 FDA-approved animal drug products. There are about 300 FDA-licensed biologics products. You can pick anything from vaccines to marijuana to HIV medicine to something that treats rare diseases like daraprim and there’s no universal DA since each one treats a different disease, has different patents and IP protections, and has a different function – it explodes neg prep and leads to random mediocine of the week affs making stable neg links impossible. PICs don’t solve – it’s absurd to say neg potential abuse justifies the aff being flat out not T, which leads to a race towards abuse. Limits key to reciprocal engagement since they create a caselist for neg prep. 2 TVA: read the aff as an advantage to a whole rez aff.
Voters: Precision o/w – anything else justifies the aff arbitrarily jettisoning words in the resolution at their whim which decks negative ground and preparation because the aff is no longer bounded by the resolution. Use competing interps – a) reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention since we don’t know your bs meter, b) collapses to competing interps – we justify 2 brightlines under an offense defense paradigm just like 2 interps. No RVIs – a) illogical – you shouldn’t win for being fair – it’s a litmus test for engaging in substance, b) norming – I can’t concede the counterinterp if I realize I’m wrong which forces me to argue for bad norms, c) baiting – incentivizes good debaters to be abusive, bait theory, then collapse to the 1AR RVI, d) topic ed – prevents 1AR blipstorm scripts and allows us to get back to substance after resolving theory Evaluate T before 1AR theory – a) norms – we only have a couple months to set T norms but can set 1AR theory norms anytime, b) magnitude – T affects a larger portion of the debate since the aff advocacy determines every speech after it
9/18/21
SeptOct - NC - Th - Must spec
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake AT | Judge: Nguyen, Vanessa Interpretation: affirmative debaters must delineate what a “IP protections for medicines” entails.
Four types of IP that are vastly different. Ackerman 17 Peter; Founder and CEO, Innovation Asset Group, Inc; “The 4 Main Types of Intellectual Property and Related Costs,” Decipher; 1/6/17; https://www.innovation-asset.com/blog/the-4-main-types-of-intellectual-property-and-related-costs Justin Intellectual property protection isn’t as simple as declaring ownership of a particular product or asset AND weigh the competitive significance of your secrets against the cost of protecting them.
Negate on shiftiness- they can redefine what intellectual properties the 1ac defends in the 1ar which decks strategy and allows them to wriggle out of negative positions which strips the neg of specific IP DAs, IP PICs, and case answers.
9/18/21
SeptOct - NC - Th - New affs bad
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 2 | Opponent: Diamond Bar NC | Judge: Cardenas, Albert I: New affs are a voting issue – having no idea what the debate will be about makes being neg impossible – the aff gets plan text choice and infinite prep to craft the most strategic case.
Vote on substantive engagement: otherwise we’re speaking without debating and there’s nothing to separate us from dueling oratory. It alsos creates the most valuable long-term skills since we need to learn how to defend our beliefs in any context, like politics.
Competing interps since reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention based on preference rather than argumentation and encourages a race to the bottom in which debaters exploit a judge’s tolerance for questionable argumentation. No RVIs:
A. They incentivize debaters to go all in in theory and bait it with abusive practices, killing substantive clash on other flows. B. They can run theory on me too if I’m unfair so 1) theory is reciprocal because we’re both able to check abuse and 2) also cures time skew because they can collapse in the 2ar to their shell.