Cabot Giese Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Bentonville Tigers Eye | 1 | COLBY Crihfield | Duca, Carson |
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| Bentonville Tigers Eye | 3 | Alayna Adineh-Kharat | Matthew Eddy |
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| Little Rock Central | 2 | JPG Pourciau | Mills, Alex |
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| Little Rock Central | Quarters | Cabot Remington Hicks | Childs, Jason |
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| The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | 2 | McNeil AG | Melin, Jenn |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Bentonville Tigers Eye | 1 | Opponent: COLBY Crihfield | Judge: Duca, Carson Affirmative Arguments and case identical to that in previous rounds |
| Bentonville Tigers Eye | 3 | Opponent: Alayna Adineh-Kharat | Judge: Matthew Eddy 1AC 1NC I won't be posting cites for this round as they're all the same as those that have been used in previous affirmative rounds and I don't want to clog up my cites page |
| Little Rock Central | 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex 1AC 1NC |
| The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn 1AC 1NC |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
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Amazon Factories are badTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn Some of the other... | 11/13/21 |
Blocks Already PostedTournament: Bentonville Tigers Eye | Round: 1 | Opponent: COLBY Crihfield | Judge: Duca, Carson | 10/2/21 |
Blocks already postedTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Cabot Remington Hicks | Judge: Childs, Jason | 10/1/21 |
Covid and IPRTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex For pandemics and other public health emergencies, patents’ mix of costs and benefits is misaligned with what is needed for an effective policy response. The basic patent bargain, even when well struck, is to pay for more innovation down the road with slower diffusion of innovation today. In the context of a pandemic, that bargain is a bad one and should be rejected entirely. Here the imperative is to accelerate the diffusion of vaccines and other treatments, not slow it down. Giving drug companies the power to hold things up by blocking competitors and raising prices pushes in the completely wrong direction. | 9/25/21 |
Deaths to curable diseasesTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex Approximately 1.6 million Africans died of malaria, tuberculosis and HIV-related illnesses in 2015. These diseases can be prevented or treated with timely access to appropriate and affordable medicines, vaccines and other health services. But less than 2 of drugs consumed in Africa are produced on the continent, meaning that many sick patients do not have access to locally produced drugs and may not afford to buy the imported ones. Without access to medicines, Africans are susceptible to the three big killer diseases on the continent: malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Globally, 50 of children under five who die of pneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, HIV, tuberculosis and malaria are in Africa, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The organisation defines having access to medicine as having medicines continuously available and affordable at health facilities that are within one hour’s walk of the population. In some parts of Zimbabwe, for example, some nurses give painkillers to sick patients as a “treat-all drug,” says Charles Ndlovu, a Zimbabwean living in Botswana. Some of his family members have been treated in hospitals in Zimbabwe. With most medicines unavailable, the nurses have little choice. Dave Puo, from Mpumalanga in South Africa, says that in his country, “when you seek medical attention, you are often informed that there is no medication and advised to go to the big hospitals,” which the majority of the poor cannot afford. “The system does not care about your empty pockets.” Inhibiting factors About 80 of Africans, mostly those in the middle-income bracket and below, rely on public health facilities, reported the World Bank in 2013. With public health facilities suffering chronic shortages of critical drugs, many patients die of easily curable diseases. Several factors inhibit access to medicines, but the major ones, according to the WHO, are the shortage of resources and the lack of skilled personnel. “Low-income countries experience poor availability of essential medicines in health facilities, substandard-quality treatments, frequent stock-outs and suboptimal prescription and use of medicines,” says the world health body. Africa’s inefficient and bureaucratic public sector supply system is often plagued by poor procurement practices that make drugs very costly or unavailable. Added to these are the poor transportation system, a lack of storage facilities for pharmaceutical products and a weak manufacturing capacity. Africa’s capacity for pharmaceutical research and development (R and D) and local drug production still has a long way to go, say experts. Only 37 out of 54 African states have some level of pharmaceutical production. Except South Africa, which boasts some active local pharmaceutical ingredients, most countries rely on imported ingredients. The result is that Africa imports 70 of its pharmaceutical products, with India alone accounting for nearly 18 of imports in 2011. Pharmaceutical imports in Africa include up to 80 of the antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) used to treat HIV/AIDS, according to trade data. “Many African governments spend a disproportionate amount of their scarce resources on procuring medicines,” | 9/25/21 |
DefinitionTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex The definition of intellectual property rights is any and all rights associated with intangible assets owned by a person or company and protected against use without consent. Intangible assets refer to non-physical property, including right of ownership in intellectual property | 9/25/21 |
Economic DebtTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex Efforts to improve access are complicated by a number of economic issues. Affordability matters for households and health budgets. WHO estimates that up to 90 of the population in low- and middle-income countries purchases medicines through out-of-pocket payments. If a household is forced to sell an asset, like the family cow, or take its children out of school, this payment can be the final nail in the coffin that buries the family in intergenerational poverty. This is the pathology of poverty when no forms of social protection, such as those provided by universal health coverage, are available and even low-cost generic products are a heavy financial burden. For health budgets, staff costs usually absorb the biggest share of resources, with the costs of drug procurement following closely behind. The part of the budget devoted to medicines varies significantly according to a country’s level of economic development. Medicines account for 20 to 60 of health spending in low- and middle-income countries, compared with 18 in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. One of the most daunting economic issues comes from the fact that the research-based pharmaceutical industry is a business, and a big one. Multinational pharmaceutical companies, concentrated in North America, Europe and Japan, are powerful economic operators. Economic power readily translates into political power. When ways to improve access are negotiated at WHO, a familiar polarizing tension surfaces. Which side should be given primacy, economic interests or public health concerns? As many have argued, letting commercial interests override health interests would lead to even greater inequalities in access to medicines, with disastrous life-and-death consequences. At the same time, the pharmaceutical industry is a business, not a charity. When prices are so 15 Access to medicines: making market forces serve the poor low they preclude profits, companies leave the market – and leave a hole in the availability of quality products, as happened with anti-snakebite venom. Economic factors shape another pressing public health concern. Many diseases mainly prevalent in poor populations have no medical countermeasures whatsoever, or only old and ineffective ones. In other cases, access suffers from the lack of products adapted to perform well in resource-constrained settings with a tropical climate. The patent system, with its market-driven RandD incentives, has historically failed to invest in new products for poor populations with virtually no purchasing power, resulting in a paucity of RandD driven by the unique health needs of the poor. Apart from having few new products that address their priority diseases, the poor are punished in a second way: the common practice of recouping the costs of RandD through high prices protected by patents means that those who cannot pay high prices do without. Recent shifts in the poverty map introduces another set of problems. An estimated 70 of the world’s poor now live in middle-income countries which are losing their eligibility for support from mechanisms like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Will governments step in to make up for the shortfall in access to medicines and vaccines? If not, vast numbers of poor people living in countries that are rapidly getting rich will be left to fend for themselves. | 9/25/21 |
GenericsTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has taken a number of actions to increase competition and end the gaming of regulatory processes that may keep drug prices artificially inflated or delay generic, branded, or biosimilar competition. These efforts, which were in motion before the announcement of the blueprint, include increasing the number of generic drugs and accelerating approval of generic drugs.1 Studies show that greater generic competition is associated with lower prices. Based on a study in 2017, the relative price of a generic medication to the branded medication decreases appreciably when there are 3 or more manufacturers of the generic version. The researchers found that the relative generic-to-brand price was 87, 77, and 60 when there were 1, 2, and 3 generic manufacturers, respectively. With each additional manufacturer, the relative prices decreased at a slower rate. | 9/25/21 |
Lack of Med DeathsTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex More than 13 of American adults -- or about 34 million people -- report knowing of at least one friend or family member in the past five years who died after not receiving needed medical treatment because they were unable to pay for it, based on a new study by Gallup and West Health. Nonwhites, those in lower-income households, those younger than 45, and political independents and Democrats are all more likely to know someone who has died under these circumstances. | 9/25/21 |
Limited Covid VaccinesTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex High-income countries have dominated the limited supply of COVID-19 vaccines, leaving low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited, if any, supplies of these life-saving countermeasures.1 The cause of this is two-fold: 1) insufficient doses of vaccine to meet the global demand, and 2) procurement of those limited doses which do exist has been dominated by a small number of high-income countries. The result is a deep and growing inequality in access to vaccines for COVID-19. A potential solution is to empower manufacturers, particularly those based in LMICs, to begin making COVID-19 vaccines, to expand global supply. However, intellectual property rights create a clear barrier to this solution. A dense web of intellectual property exists over the vaccines and the manufacturing platforms used to make them.2 This web is both formal and informal; the manufacturing platform used to manufacture a vaccine is protected by numerous patents, while manufacturing methods and techniques (know-how) are protected informally as trade secrets. | 9/25/21 |
Low QoL DeathTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn The ILO estimates... | 11/13/21 |
Monopolistic PracticesTournament: Little Rock Central | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Pourciau | Judge: Mills, Alex If we work to reduce IPR protections, we can increase the amount of generic | 9/25/21 |
Strikes Solve working conditionsTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn The right to... | 11/13/21 |
Strikes cause political changeTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn Like their Progressive... | 11/13/21 |
Striking boosts union actionTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn | 11/13/21 |
Unionization benefitsTournament: The Ed Long Invitational at The Hockaday School | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil AG | Judge: Melin, Jenn For the “typical”... | 11/13/21 |
Open Source
| Filename | Date | Uploaded By | Delete |
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10/2/21 | giesesawye24@cpsk12arus |
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10/2/21 | giesesawye24@cpsk12arus |
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9/25/21 | giesesawye24@cpsk12arus |
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10/1/21 | giesesawye24@cpsk12arus |
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