Opponent: Newman Smith SJ | Judge: Subramanian, Sriya
AC Debris and Tourism Environmental Justice Framing NC mining solar power satellites Collab CP util framing 1AR All NR Case mining CP 2AR Case mining perm
Lone Star NatQuals
1
Opponent: Southlake Carroll DP | Judge: Tamara Brooks Miller
AC Misinfo aff NC T Democracy Bias Good Black activism PIC 1AR All NR T Case Pic 2AR All
Southlake
2
Opponent: Coppell VK | Judge: Maddie Aguilar
AC Stock aff in cites NC Innovation conceded fw 1AR All NR all 2AR all
Southlake
4
Opponent: Strake Jesuit DA | Judge: Devin Hernandez
AC Anthro K Aff NC Disclosure law con T outer space util mining da case 1AR Case disclosure law con t outer space turn mining da NR Case law con t outer space 2AR Case nr voters
Vines TFA
1
Opponent: Newman Smith KM | Judge: Enrique Martinez
AC Anthro K NC Mining Innovation w justicerisk reduction framing AR K Links to anthro NR all 2AR K ROB Links
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The resolution’s use of the word ought implies a moral obligation 2. Morality allows us to perceive what is inherently good or bad. It’s the value upon which we can conceptualize all other values, thus it must be prioritized.
My criterion is increasing health equity
Government policy is constrained by limitations on resources. Any government decision must account for tradeoffs, which only utilitarian ethics can do. Mack 04, Peter Mack (Former U.S. Representative) “Utilitarian Ethics in Healthcare.” International Journal of the Computer, the Internet, and Management Vol. 12, No.3. 2004. Department of Surgery. Singapore General Hospital. http://www.ijcim.th.org/past_editions/2004V12N3/ijcimv3n1_article6.pdf Medicine is a costly science, but of greater concern to the health economist is AND the utility and any non-utility aspects of the situation are ignored.
Increasing health equity will begin to solve other prevalent inequities, particularly in poorer nations. Orach 09, (Dr Christopher Garimoi Orach is a Professor of Community Health. His research interests and publications include public health in complex emergencies, reproductive health, and community risk reduction. He also supervises Post – Graduate students; 20 have received Masters Degrees; Six have been awarded PhDs. He is also involved in teaching programs, courses and curriculum design. He also designs emergency response plans, provides consultancy services, and develops policy for refugee situations.) 10-1-2009, "Health equity: challenges in low income countries," PubMed Central (PMC), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877288/ PM Although inequities in health result from the social conditions that lead to illness, the AND function requires strong leadership from government Ministries of Health and World Health Organization.
Contention 1 is Covid-19
With the implementation of booster shots, equity is being thrown to the wayside as rich countries continue to use doses. There isn’t enough supply to go around. Kyle Knight 8-21, 8-19-2021, "Global Covid-19 Vaccine Equity Should Get a ‘Booster’ Too," Human Rights Watch, https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/08/19/global-covid-19-vaccine-equity-should-get-booster-too PM The United States government’s announcement this week that eligible people can receive a third “ AND are making a policy choice that would result in more deaths and disease.
The WTO’s IP protections are preventing Covid vaccines from being distributed in poor nations Parsa Erfani 8-21, 8-1-2021, "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity," BMJ, https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837 PM By late June 2021, 46 of people in high income countries had received AND choking of low and middle income countries (LMICs) through poor health.
Without equity in developing nations, new variants emerge which will further the pandemic’s worldwide impact UN Security Council 2-21, 2-17-2021, "Secretary-General Calls Vaccine Equity Biggest Moral Test for Global Community as Security Council Considers Equitable Availability of Doses," United Nations, https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sc14438.doc.htm PM SECURITY COUNCIL Addressing the equitable distribution of vaccines against the coronavirus in the Security Council AND significantly, enabling the virus to come back to plague the global North.”
Contention 2 is Authoritarianism
Perpetuation of the pandemic in developing nations increases authoritarian China’s influence in Southern Asia Suranjana Tewari 5-21, 5-21-2021, "Sri Lanka: Covid increases China influence in India's backyard," BBC News, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57167091 PM Enter China. The Asian giant - which already has a significant presence in many AND if you look at countries like New Zealand, they also copied China".
Increasing Chinese influence contributes to the spread of authoritarianism Caitlin Dearing Scott 20, 12-18-2020, "As China Promotes Authoritarian Model, the Resilience of Its Democratic Targets is Key," Just Security, https://www.justsecurity.org/73925/as-china-promotes-authoritarian-model-the-resilience-of-its-democratic-targets-is-key/ PM The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is bolstering autocrats and undermining democracy across the AND investment and other offers of assistance that address pressing short-term needs.
The Spread of Authoritarianism Stifles Global Progression, Lowering Universal Access to Essential Utilities and Causing Mass Harm Kasparov and Halvorssen 17, 2-13-2017, Garry Kasparov (Chairman of the New York-Based Human Rights Foundation) and Thor Halvorssen (President and Chief Executive of the New York-Based Human Rights Foundation) "Opinion," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/democracy-post/wp/2017/02/13/why-the-rise-of-authoritarianism-is-a-global-catastrophe/ EB If injustice and oppression aren’t bad enough, authoritarian governments bear an enormous social cost AND science and technology that Belarusans, Burmese and Cubans can only dream of.
Contention 3 is Solvency
Thus the plan: Pass a TRIPS IP Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccines, force companies to share knowledge, and force companies to share technological capabilities
The pandemic is far from over, a patent waiver would have a significant impact. Brink Lindsey 6-21, 6-3-2021, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don’t mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/ PM On May 5 the Biden administration announced that it would support waiving intellectual property protections AND crisis should be viewed from the perspective of getting ready for next time.
An IP waiver solves for supply issues with vaccines Parsa Erfani 2, 8-1-2021, "Intellectual property waiver for covid-19 vaccines will advance global health equity," BMJ, https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1837 An IP waiver for covid-19 vaccines is integral to boosting vaccine supply, AND other people’s” problem. It is not. It is our problem.
1) The resolution's use of the word ought implies a moral obligation 2) Morality allows us to perceive what is inherently good or bad. It's the value upon which we can conceptualize all other values, thus it must be prioritized.
My criterion is minimizing structural violence
Structural violence outweighs all impacts – it destroys access and overwhelms individual's abilities to live Ansell 17 (David A. Ansell, Senior Vice President, Associate Provost for Community Health Equity, and Michael E. Kelly Professor of Medicine at Rush University Medical Center (Chicago), holds an M.D. from the State University of New York Upstate Medical University College of Medicine, 2017, "American Roulette," The Death Gap: How Inequality Kills, Published by the University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226428291, p. kindle 307-363) There are many different kinds of violence. Some are obvious: punches, attacks, gunshots, explosions. These are the kinds of interpersonal violence that we tend to hear about in the news. Other kinds of violence are intimate and emotional. But the deadliest and most thoroughgoing kind of violence is woven into the fabric of American society. It exists when some groups have more access to goods, resources, and opportunities than other groups, including health and life itself. This violence delivers specific blows against particular bodies in particular neighborhoods. This unequal advantage and violence is built into the very rules that govern our society. In the absence of this violence, large numbers of Americans would be able to live fuller and longer lives. This kind of violence is called structural violence, because it is embedded in the very laws, policies, and rules that govern day-to-day life.8 It is the cumulative impact of laws and social and economic policies and practices that render some Americans less able to access resources and opportunities than others. This inequity of advantage is not a result of the individual's personal abilities but is built into the systems that govern society. Often it is a product of racism, gender, and income inequality. The diseases and premature mortality that Windora and many of my patients experienced were, in the words of Dr. Paul Farmer, "biological reflections of social fault lines."9 As a result of these fault lines, a disproportional burden of illness, suffering, and premature mortality falls on certain neighborhoods, like Windora's. Structural violence can overwhelm an individual's ability to live a free, unfettered, healthy life. As I ran to evaluate Windora, I knew that her stroke was caused in part by lifelong exposure to suffering, racism, and economic deprivation. Worse, the poverty of West Humboldt Park that contributed to her illness is directly and inextricably related to the massive concentration of wealth and power in other neighborhoods just miles away in Chicago's Gold Coast and suburbs. That concentration of wealth could not have occurred without laws, policies, and practices that favored some at the expense of others. Those laws, policies, and practices could not have been passed or enforced if access to political and economic power had not been concentrated in the hands of a few. Yet these political and economic structures have become so firmly entrenched (in habits, social relations, economic arrangements, institutional practices, law, and policy) that they have become part of the matrix of American society. The rules that govern day-to-day life were written to benefit a small elite at the expense of people like Windora and her family. These rules and structures are powerful destructive forces. The same structures that render life predictable, secure, comfortable, and pleasant for many destroy the lives of others like Windora through suffering, poverty, ill health, and violence.
Contention 1- Poverty
Striketober has seen a massive increase in labor activity but it's not sustainable
Greenhouse 21, 10-23-2021, "'Striketober' is showing workers' rising power – but will it lead to lasting change?," https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/oct/23/striketober-unions-strikes-workers-lasting-change US labor unions have been on the defensive for decades but this October JW there has been a surprising burst of worker militancy and strikes as workers have AND . "That would be a real shot in the arm," Milkman said
Strikes increase wages but institutional support is necessary
====Raising wages saves the economy, leading to pre-pandemic work levels and solves for structural violence==== Schweitzer and Ross 21, 11-3-2021, "Higher Minimum Wages Support Job Growth as the Economy Recovers From COVID-19," Center for American Progress, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/poverty/reports/2021/11/03/506891/higher-minimum-wages-support-job-growth-economy-recovers-covid-19/ JW Many business owners and executives seem to share the belief that everyone is paid the AND . The question is: Are employers and lawmakers willing to see that?
Outer Space as a private sector is growing significantly right now
Weinzierl 21, 2-12-2021, "The Commercial Space Age Is Here," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/02/the-commercial-space-age-is-here PM There's no shortage of hype surrounding the commercial space industry. But while tech leaders AND no doubt have need for a variety of similar construction and repair tools.
Colonial space rhetoric is rooted in anthropocentrism—the desire to explore posits nature as a disposable resource in order to spread the ideology of human-centered values.
Monbiot 10 — George Monbiot, Columnist for the Guardian, has held visiting fellowships or professorships at the universities of Oxford (environmental policy), Bristol (philosophy), Keele (politics), Oxford Brookes (planning), and East London (environmental science), 2010 ("After this 60-year feeding frenzy, Earth itself has become disposable," Guardian, January 4th, Available Online at http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/04/standard-of-living-spending-consumerism, Accessed 07-26-2011) Who said this? "All the evidence shows that beyond the sort of standard AND realistic and desirable prospect than changing the way in which we measure wealth.
Anthropocentrism causes extinction—it divorces our relationship with the natural world and makes ecocide on a cosmic scale inevitable.
Gottlieb 94 — Roger S. Gottlieb, Professor of Humanities at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brandeis University, 1994 ("Ethics and Trauma: Levinas, Feminism, and Deep Ecology," Crosscurrents: A Journal of Religion and Intellectual Life, Summer, Available Online at http://www.crosscurrents.org/feministecology.htm, Accessed 07-26-2011) Here I will at least begin in agreement with Levinas. As he rejects an AND neither for our selves nor for the other, but for us all.
The advocacy is to embrace a deep ecological ethical framework – it's a prerequisite to policymaking
Katz and Oechsli 93 (Eric, Vice President of the International Society for Environmental Ethics, and Lauren, Biology at Columbia, Environmental Ethics, vol 15 no 1, 1993 "Moving beyond Anthropocentrism: Environmental Ethics, Development, and the Amazon") Can an environmentalist defend a policy of preservation in the Amazon rain forest without violating AND environment should be the starting point for any serious discussion of developmental policy.
The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best deconstructs anthropocentric ethics
Anthro is perpetuated by a lack of education – educational spaces must condemn anthro to start prevention – this has tangible impacts.
The Aff resituates humans in ecological terms and non-humans in ethical terms- this is key to deconstruct our masculinized culture which is a pre-req to effective political action. Only the Aff's starting point allows us to analyze anthropocentrism from "below" rather than from "above."
Plumwood 2 (Val, Australian Research Council Fellow at the University of Sydney. She is an environmental activist, bush-walker, and a pioneer of environmental philosophy.) (Environmental Culture: The ecological crisis of reason) pg. 8-11 Accessed: 7/9/16 LGF This book addresses two historic tasks that arise from the rationalist hyperseparation of human identity AND , the ethical stance of closure rather than the ethical stance of openness
Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust
Framework
My value is morality for two reasons
The resolution's use of the word "unjust" implies a moral question. Morality allows us to perceive what is inherently good or bad. It's the value upon which we can conceptualize all other values, thus it must be prioritized.
My criterion is environmental justice
Environmental justice means ensuring the planet remains livable
Bolte et al. 11, ~Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany,~ 3-3-2011, "Environmental Justice: Social Disparities in Environmental Exposures and Health: Overview," Elsevier B.V., https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726006851 PM Introduction There is growing evidence that the gap in environmental resources and health has recently AND , the concept of environmental justice has been taken up by many countries.
Contention 1 is Tourism
Outer Space as a private sector is growing significantly right now
Weinzierl 21, 2-12-2021, "The Commercial Space Age Is Here," Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2021/02/the-commercial-space-age-is-here PM There's no shortage of hype surrounding the commercial space industry. But while tech leaders AND no doubt have need for a variety of similar construction and repair tools.
"Space tourism" launches by major private space organizations are carbon-dirty, current evidence proves
Marais 21, 7-26-2021, ~Eloise Marais, Associate Professor in Physical Geography, UCL~ "Space tourism: Rockets emit 100 times more CO2 per passenger than flights – imagine a whole industry," The Conversation, https://www.space.com/space-tourism-rockets-emit-100-times-more-co2 PM The commercial race to get tourists to space is heating up between Virgin Group founder AND understanding of the effect these billionaire astronauts will have on our planet's atmosphere.
Commercial space launches contribute to climate change
Mann 10, 10-22-2010, "Space tourism to accelerate climate change," Nature, https://www.nature.com/articles/news.2010.558 PM Scientists predict that soot from commercial space flight will change global temperatures. Virgin Galactic AND to come together to take care of the space commons," he says.
Climate change disproportionately affects people of color globally
Pellow 12 David Naguib Pellow 12, Ph.D. Professor, Don Martindale Endowed Chair – University of Minnesota, "Climate Disruption in the Global South and in African American Communities: Key Issues, Frameworks, and Possibilities for Climate Justice," February 2012, http://www.jointcenter.org/sites/default/files/upload/research/files/White_Paper_Climate_Disruption_final.pdf ~Premier~ It is now known unequivocally that significant warming of the atmosphere is occurring, coinciding AND must reduce our emissions and consumption here at home in the global North.
SpaceX and private satellites lead to crowd out of the orbit, increasing likelihood of collision.
Pultarova 21, 8-18-2021, "SpaceX Starlink satellites responsible for over half of close encounters in orbit, scientist says," Space, https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellite-collision-alerts-on-the-rise PM Operators of satellite constellations are constantly forced to move their satellites because of encounters with AND be and what it is going to do in the next few days."
Earth observation satellites key to warming adaptation
Alonso 18 ~(Elisa Jiménez Alonso, communications consultant with Acclimatise, climate resilience organization) "Earth Observation of Increasing Importance for Climate Change Adaptation," Acclimatise, May 2, 2018, https://www.acclimatise.uk.com/2018/05/02/earth-observation-of-increasing-importance-for-climate-change-adaptation/~~ TDI Earth observation (EO) satellites are playing an increasingly important role in assessing climate AND climate information that can inform climate risk management and make it more effective.
1/8/22
4- MARAPR Misinformation Aff
Tournament: Lone Star NatQuals | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll DP | Judge: Tamara Brooks Miller
Framework
My value is morality for two reasons
The resolution’s use of the word “ought” implies a moral obligation Morality allows us to perceive what is inherently good or bad. It’s the value upon which we can conceptualize all other values, thus it must be prioritized.
My criterion is increasing maximum expected wellbeing
Util considers the entire community affected including individuals harmed-It's not just aggregate good
Deni Elliott, 2007Ethicist and Ethics Scholar, "Getting Mill Right," Department of Journalism and Media Studies University of South Florida St. PetersburgJournal of Mass Media Ethics, 22(2and3), 100–112, https://pages.uoregon.edu/tbivins/stratcomweb/readings/Getting_Mill_Right_(Elliott)20copy.pdf MS Many people think that the bumper sticker for John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism reads, ‘‘Do the greatest good for the greatest number.’’ However, they would be wrong. Utilitarianism, at least as espoused by this 19th century British philosopher and his acknowledged, but rarely recognized collaborator, Harriet Taylor-Mill, does not teach us to add up the people potentially helped by an AND types of cases is good for the community, including the individual harmed. Sometimes it is better for individuals to be harmed, sometimes not. But the ability to distinguish between those instances involves more than mere computation. It requires the agent doing the analysis—even if that agent is the person potentially harmed—to make the determination with dispassionate objectivity. The decision maker must be truly impartial with regard to his or her own interests and the interests of all others involved.
Contention 1- Misinformation
====Mistrust in Mainstream Media is at an all-time high, citizens want objectivity ==== Sands 20 ~Sands, John. "Americans Are Losing Faith In An Objective Media. A New Gallup/Knight Study Explores Why.". Knight Foundation, 2022, https://knightfoundation.org/articles/americans-are-losing-faith-in-an-objective-media-a-new-gallup-knight-study-explores-why/. Accessed 20 Mar 2022.~ Americans see increasing bias in the news media: One of the primary reasons Americans don't think the media works for them is because of the bias they perceive in coverage. Many feel the media's traditional roles, such as holding leaders accountable, is compromised by bias, with nearly 7 in 10 Americans (68) who say they see too much bias in the reporting of news that is supposed to be objective as "a major problem," up from 65 in the 2017 Knight/Gallup study. They see it in their own news sources (57), and more than 6 in 10 are concerned about bias in the news other people are getting, the survey finds. Some 7 in 10 Americans worry that owners of media companies are influencing coverage. 2) Americans think the media is pushing an agenda. Eight in 10 Americans say that when they suspect an inaccuracy in a story, they worry it was intentional —because the reporter was misrepresenting the facts (52) or making them up (28). Only 18 say they think the inaccuracies were innocent mistakes. And when it comes to news sources they distrust, nearly three-quarters of Americans (or 74) say those outlets are trying to persuade people to adopt a certain opinion. 3) Distrust in the media cuts along partisan lines: Views on the media vary widely by party, though overall, Americans view the media more negatively than positively. The breakdown: Nearly 7 in 10 Republicans (67) have a very or somewhat unfavorable opinion of the news media, versus 1 in 5 Democrats (20) and about half of independents (48). 4) A majority of Americans say the media are under political attack – but are divided by party on whether it's warranted: While people from all political persuasions agree that the media is being politically attacked, 66 of Democrats say those attacks are not justified, while 58 of Republicans say they are. 5) Opinions on the media also vary widely by age. Young Americans, for example, tend to have more negative views on the media. One in 5 American adults under 30 (20) say they have a "very" or "somewhat" favorable opinion of the news media, versus almost half of those aged 65 and older (43). 6) Americans blame the media for political divisions, but they also see the potential for the media to heal these divides. Forty-seven percent of Americans say the media bears "a great deal" of blame for political division in this country, and 36 say they bear "a moderate amount." At the same time, 8 in 10 Americans believe the media can bring people together and heal the nation's political divides
Mistrust in Media leads to an increase in consumption of Alternative news
Kim Andersen, 11-10-2021, "Alternative News Orientation and Trust in Mainstream Media: A Longitudinal Audience Perspective," Taylor and Francis, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21670811.2021.1986412** The emergence of online alternative news sites has enabled people to easily access viewpoints corresponding AND for non-journalists, and easier for the audience to access them. This development is further supported by social media, where alternative news media can easily distribute their content. Previous studies have also highlighted that alternative news media take up a large proportion of shared news on social media (Sandberg and Ihlebaek 2019; Thorbjørnsrud and Figenschou 2020). With algorithms catering for people’s preferences (Thorson et al. 2021), social media platforms further stress the importance of understanding the underlying drivers of people’s alternative news consumption.
Alternative news replicates and disseminates misinformation
Michael Hameleers, Anna Brosius, Claes H De Vreeseuniversity Of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlandscorresponding Author, 2-11-2022, "Whom to trust? Media exposure patterns of citizens with perceptions of misinformation and disinformation related to the news media," SAGE Journals, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/02673231211072667** When citizens distrust the mainstream media, they have a tendency to withdraw from it AND may thus be a crucial factor related to people's susceptibility to disinformed worldviews.
Misinformation is an existential impact
Lin, 19—senior research scholar for cyber policy and security at the Center for International Security and Cooperation and Hank J. Holland Fellow in Cyber Policy and Security at the Hoover Institution, both at Stanford University (Herbert, “The existential threat from cyber-enabled information warfare,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 75:4, 187-196, dml) Corruption of the information ecosystem is not just a multiplier of two long-acknowledged AND energy, and the many other important matters for which governments have some responsibility
Thus the plan: Journalists ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy by doing the following:
1.Never adding anything which isn't relevant or true 2.Never deceiving the audience. 3.Being transparent about their methods and motives. 4.Relying on their own original reporting.
Definitionally objective news rejects fake news
Kovach and Rosenstiel 01 (Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel., Bill Kovach, a 1989 Nieman Fellow, was curator of the Nieman Foundation from 1989 to 2000. He is the co-author of "The Elements of Journalism.", Tom Rosenstiel is executive director of the American Press Institute and co-author of "The Elements of Journalism.", 6-15-2001, accessed on 2-19-2022, Nieman Reports, "The Essence of Journalism Is a Discipline of Verification | Nieman Reports", https://niemanreports.org/articles/the-essence-of-journalism-is-a-discipline-of-verification/) “In the end, the discipline of verification is what separates journalism from entertainment, propaganda, fiction, or art…. Journalism alone is focused first on getting what happened down right…. Perhaps because the discipline of verification is so personal and so haphazardly communicated, it is also part of one of the great confusions of journalism— the concept of objectivity AND your methods and motives. 4.Rely on your own original reporting. 5.Exercise humility. …we began to see a core set of concepts that form the foundation of the discipline of verification…. The willingness of the journalist to be transparent about what he or she has done is at the heart of establishing that the journalist is concerned with the truth…. Too much journalism fails to say anything about methods, motives, and sources.”