Bronx Science Kim Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | Prospect ST | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Apple Valley | 4 | Tays KM | Jalyn Wu |
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| Emory | 2 | Ardrey Kell AS | Dylan Sutton |
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| Emory | 4 | Westlake AK | James Stuckert |
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| Emory | 5 | Marlborough VA | Mike Girouard |
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| Glenbrooks | 2 | Millburn AX | Braeden Kirkpatrick |
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| Glenbrooks | 3 | Scarsdale SV | Kyle Kopf |
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| Glenbrooks | 6 | Lexington JB | Phoenix Pittman |
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| Glenbrooks | 7 | McNeil SC | Nelson Okunlola |
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| Harvard | 2 | Memorial SC | Reed Weiler |
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| Harvard | 3 | Mercer Island KS | Jenn Melin |
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| Lexington | 2 | LHP AB | Faizaan Dossani |
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| Lexington | 3 | Acton-Boxborough SP | Claire Liu |
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| Lexington | 5 | NSU SF | Keshav Dandu |
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| Princeton | 2 | Hunter AI | Nathan Frenkel |
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| Princeton | 4 | Durham JH | Uma Menon |
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| Princeton | 5 | Ardsley KK | Grant Brown |
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| Yale | 2 | Strake Jesuit MS | Rohit Lakshman |
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| Yale | 3 | Strake Jesuit NW | Elias Altman |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley | 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - kant |
| Apple Valley | 4 | Opponent: Tays KM | Judge: Jalyn Wu 1AC - empire |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell AS | Judge: Dylan Sutton lay |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Westlake AK | Judge: James Stuckert 1ac - racial cap |
| Emory | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Mike Girouard 1ac - commons |
| Glenbrooks | 2 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: Braeden Kirkpatrick 1AC - deleuze |
| Glenbrooks | 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Kyle Kopf 1AC - kant |
| Glenbrooks | 6 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC - kazakhstan |
| Glenbrooks | 7 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Nelson Okunlola 1AC - butler |
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Reed Weiler 1AC - Transhumanism |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: Jenn Melin 1AC - stock structural violence |
| Lexington | 2 | Opponent: LHP AB | Judge: Faizaan Dossani 1ac - luxury communism |
| Lexington | 3 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough SP | Judge: Claire Liu 1ac - stock |
| Lexington | 5 | Opponent: NSU SF | Judge: Keshav Dandu 1ac - kant |
| Princeton | 2 | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Nathan Frenkel 1AC - communitarianism |
| Princeton | 4 | Opponent: Durham JH | Judge: Uma Menon lay |
| Princeton | 5 | Opponent: Ardsley KK | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - structural violence |
| Yale | 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1AC - Ripstein |
| Yale | 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Elias Altman 1AC - model minority |
| any | Quads | Opponent: any | Judge: any adjfh |
| any | Octas | Opponent: any | Judge: any 0 - contact info navigation updates SEPOCT = SeptemberOctober topic |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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0 - ContactTournament: any | Round: Quads | Opponent: any | Judge: any contact: pronouns: he/him | 9/20/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: any | Round: Octas | Opponent: any | Judge: any SEPOCT = September/October topic | 9/20/21 |
1 - Framework vs EmpireTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Tays KM | Judge: Jalyn Wu Resolved means a legislative policy.Words and Phrases 64, Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law" ~1~ Ground – not defending implementation means affs gut neg prep since they can spike out of util DA’s, CP’s, strategic solvency deficits, and circumvention in the 1AR by saying that implementation is irrelevant, which equally applies to the few generics we could read to ensure the aff takes a concrete action. A couple impacts: (a) link turns critical ed – we can’t test the aff from a policy standpoint since util offense doesn’t link, which kills critical contestation (b) policy education – in your world we kill any discussion of real world factors that would constrain the passage of the aff – hijacks their solvency – otherwise there’s no way to ensure the aff gets passed~2~ Limits – Ex post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months, which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subject to well-researched scrutiny. Their interp creates a race to the margins incentivizing affs to defend uncontestable statements like "2+24" or "racism is bad" and the lack of a stable mechanism means they can always revise their aff to de-link from the few generics that are responsive. Fairness first – debate is fundamentally a game which requires both sides to have a relatively equal shot at winning and is necessary to produce any benefit from the activity. Fairness independently outweighs: ==== 1~ Decision-making: every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented – things like doing c-x, following speech times etc, prove. This means if they win fairness bad vote neg on presumption because you have no obligation to fairly evaluate their arguments – that negates since statements are more often false than true.2~ Ballot proximity - individual ballots can’t alter subjectivity or inspire broader political change, but are most proximate to resolving in-round skews~3~ SSD – solves all their offense – if your aff is incompatible with the topic, read the aff on the neg – key to test convictions we hold as debaters – otherwise produces insular debates where we are never forced to confront our personal convictions which reproduces the violence the aff talks about.~5~ No impact turns: (a) We should experiment with ideological opposition – reading T is a good thing even if its false because it makes us test a multiplicity of strategies from many directions and refines good methods (b) They can’t win on an impact turn absent justifying an RVI because they’re still operating under the model of theory.Use competing interps – (a) reasonability britelines are arbitrary and cause judge intervention (b) reasonability collapses - you use an offense/defense paradigm to compare britelines.Drop the debater - (a) the entire round is skewed since the entire 1NC is premised off of the 1AC strategy (b) DtA is incoherent with T since we indict the entire advocacy which means we drop the whole aff anyway.No RVI’s - T is a stock issue and you shouldn’t win for meeting it or your burden of being fair. Logic comes first – args need to be coherent before they’re evaluated | 1/29/22 |
1 - Framework vs Model MinorityTournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Elias Altman Our interpretation is that the affirmative debater must defend the desirability of a topical advocacy where the member states of the WTO ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Resolved means a legislative policy.Words and Phrases 64, Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law" Violation: c-x – don’t allow for cheaty I-meets – command F "intellectual property rights" or "WTO"Vote neg –~1~ Text – Winning a definition means you don’t defend the resolution. That’s an a priori side constraint since the judge only has the jurisdiction to determine topical arguments, even if your model of debate is better. There are two impacts a) It’s an independent reason you drop them because they haven’t met their constitutive burden; that outweighs on bindingness since the judge doesn’t have the authority to change the rules once inside the practice and b) The aff is functionally neg ground which means I’m winning substance.~2~ Limits – Ex post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months, which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subject to well-researched scrutiny. Err neg - their interp creates a race to the margins incentivizing affs to defend uncontestable statements like "2+24" or "racism is bad" and the lack of a stable mechanism means they can always revise their aff to de-link from the few generics that are responsive. Fairness first – debate is fundamentally a game which requires both sides to have a relatively equal shot at winning and is necessary to produce any benefit from the activity. Fairness independently outweighs: ==== 1~ Decision-making: every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented – things like doing c-x, following speech times etc, prove This means if they win fairness bad vote neg on presumption because you have no obligation to fairly evaluate their arguments.2~ Small Schools: prepping convoluted philosophies like the aff are possible for big schools and prep squads but make it impossible for under-resourced debaters to make diverse case negs for every aff – link turns their accessibility offense – procedural equity is a precondition to make the space a home to begin with.~4~ SSD – solves all their offense – if your aff is incompatible with the topic, read the aff on the neg – key to test convictions we hold as debaters – otherwise produces insular debates where we are never forced to confront our personal convictions which reproduces the violence the aff talks about so that important issues can’t be ignored.Ci | 9/20/21 |
1 - Framework vs TranshumanismTournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Reed Weiler Interpretation: the affirmative must defend that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Outer space is outside earthDunnett 21 (Oliver Tristan, lecturer in geography at Queen’s University Belfast). Earth, Cosmos and Culture: Geographies of Outer Space in Britain, 1900–2020 (1st ed.). Routledge. 2021. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780815356301 EE AND start of the last century; and the geographical underpinnings of their relationship. "Appropriation" means exclusive ownershipLeon 18 (Amanda M., Associate, Caplin and Drysdale, JD UVA Law) "Mining for Meaning: An Examination of the Legality of Property Rights in Space Resources." Virginia Law Review, vol. 104, no. 3, May 2018, p. 497-547. HeinOnline. AND though, by expanding the prohibition to other types not explicitly described.168 Private entity means non-stateWarners 20 (Bill, JD Candidate, May 2021, at UIC John Marshall Law School) "Patents 254 Miles up: Jurisdictional Issues Onboard the International Space Station." UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law, vol. 19, no. 4, 2020, p. 365-380. HeinOnline. AND outer space have operated in space almost as comprehensively as national organizations. 102 Resolved means a legislative policy.Words and Phrases 64, Words and Phrases Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964. Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law" ~1~ Ground – not defending implementation means affs gut neg prep since they can spike out of util DA’s, CP’s, strategic solvency deficits, and circumvention in the 1AR by saying that implementation is irrelevant, which equally applies to the few generics we could read to ensure the aff takes a concrete action. A couple impacts: (a) link turns critical ed – we can’t test the aff from a policy standpoint since util offense doesn’t link, which kills critical contestation (b) policy education – in your world we kill any discussion of real world factors that would constrain the passage of the aff – hijacks their solvency – otherwise there’s no way to ensure the aff gets passed (c) neg ground outweighs aff ground~2~ Limits – Ex post-facto topic adjustment structurally favors the aff by manipulating the balance of prep which is anchored around the resolution as a stasis point. Not debating the topic allows someone to specialize in one area of the library for 4 years giving them a huge edge over people who switch research focus ever 2 months, which means their arguments are presumptively false because they haven’t been subject to well-researched scrutiny. Their interp creates a race to the margins incentivizing affs to defend uncontestable statements like "2+24" or "racism is bad" and the lack of a stable mechanism means they can always revise their aff to de-link from the few generics that are responsive. ==== ~3~ Truth Testing – they don’t get to weigh the aff - lack of preparation entails the impossibility of testing the 1AC’s scholarship. Fairness is an independently higher layer than their arguments – if we win it then we don’t have to weigh it against other impacts in the round.~4~ SSD – can read transhumanism as a neg position~1~ Fairness first – (a) Debate is fundamentally a game which requires both sides to have a relatively equal shot at winning and is necessary to produce any benefit from the activity (b) Ballot proximity - individual ballots can’t solve their impacts, but they can solve mine —- they can’t alter wholesale subjectivity or inspire broad political change, but are most proximate towards resolving in-round skews (c) Fairness independently outweighs on decision-making: every argument concedes to the validity of fairness i.e. that the judge will make a fair decision based on the arguments presented. This means if they win fairness bad vote neg on presumption because you have no obligation to fairly evaluate their arguments.~5~ No impact turns: (a) We should experiment with ideological opposition – reading T is a good thing even if its false because it makes us test a multiplicity of strategies from many directions and refines good methods (b) They can’t win on an impact turn absent justifying an RVI because they’re still operating under the model ofT outweighs the aff: (a) Testing – if we can’t substantively engage with the 1AC that means they’ll win every time – means cross apps of case or framework are incoherent since we indict the entirety of you reading them in the first place (b) T is a procedural question – all of the claims of the 1AC are substantive but not theoretical – they can’t weigh those. The terms of debate necessarily precede substance – e.g. following speech times, answering in c-x, etc – otherwise debate would become incoherent babbling without constraint. | 2/19/22 |
1 - HedgeTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Rohit Lakshman 1. 1AR theory is drop the argument – a) 2ar collapse means the 1ar can read multiple shells and collapse on any one of them to win – the 2n can’t put 3 min of sufficient responses on every one of them b) Rectifies the skew since the 2n can’t go for the argument anyway which means the 2ar doesn’t have to answer the cause of the abuse.2. Evaluate 1AR theory through an in-round abuse model – a) it’s impossible for the 1ar to set norms since the 2ar responses to the 2nr will always be enough to win risk of offense on the shell which means the debate is too short to set the better norm absent a 3nr b) AC theory norms allow true norm setting since you can establish them prior to my violation – 1ar theory proves it’s read for the purpose of strategy rather than actual norm setting.3. Give the neg an RVI on 1ar theory – that’s key to checking frivolous 1ar theory since it will only read legitimate shells if it can lose on an RVI. Checking friv theory is key to substantive education since it preserves the requirement for substance. | 9/20/21 |
1 - Hedge v2Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1. 1AR theory is drop the argument – a) 2ar collapse means the 1ar can read multiple shells and collapse on any one of them to win – the 2n can’t put 3 min of sufficient responses on every one of them b) Rectifies the skew since the 2n can’t go for the argument anyway which means the 2ar doesn’t have to answer the cause of the abuse.2. Use reasonability with the brightline of if you can concede the framework and generate at least 2 independent substantive outs on the alt and status being dispositional with the condition being if you win your framework. Competing interps incentivizes them to always read theory and ignored substance because you only need marginal offense – prefer: ~A~ strat skew- theory moots 7 minutes of NC offense and forces me to jump through nibs ~B~ Substantive education- by definition theory takes away from substance, which outweighs because we only have 2 months to debate the topic.3. Give the neg an RVI on 1ar theory – that’s key to checking frivolous 1ar theory since it will only read legitimate shells if it can lose on an RVI. Checking friv theory is key to substantive education since it preserves the requirement for substance. | 11/20/21 |
1 - Theory - Must Spec Advocacy TextTournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Reed Weiler Rest extempted - check os | 2/19/22 |
2 - K - LacanTournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Reed Weiler To be a subject requires conformity with the meanings, norms, and traditions of the Symbolic. The illusive nature of the signifier induces Lack, a sense of loss which cannot be overcome by the subject. This dooms political projects, as the failure to overcome lack becomes our object of desire.McGowan ’16 Todd McGowan (Associate Professor of Film and Television Studies at the University of Vermont). "Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets, Columbia University Press, 2016, pgs. 28-32. AND to its lost object, experiencing the intimate connection between loss and satisfaction. At the level of form, radical demands are an affective investment which robs agency, cede the political, and reaffirms state authority.Lundberg ’12 (Chris, comm studies prof at UNC, Lacan in Public) AND power of depriving them of that alone by which they are satisfied."46 Apocalyptic rhetoric attempts to mediate the infinitude of the Real, but backfires through neocon cooption and indeterminate prescriptions. Scenario planning is an investment in apocalypse that justifies genocidal logic and desires the end of the world.Matheson 15 Calum Lister Matheson (Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh; PhD, Communication Studies, University of North Carolina). "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive." UNC Chapel Hill Dissertation, 2015, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/sn009z17m?locale=en. MBPZ AND . This infinite future is frequently represented by the metaphor of the child. Thus, the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND psychoanalysis for him facilitates this recognition and provides a way to dissolve fantasy’s power | 2/19/22 |
2 - K - NietzscheTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Rohit Lakshman The only substance that exists is the will to power – the metaphysical search for truth is impossible and destroys the subject’s ability to flourish in the face of the reality of a chaotic world with no external sources of meaning. Thus the ROTB is to embrace existential subjectivity.Grimm 77 (Ruediger Hermann, art historian and Goethe scholar, Nietzsche's Theory of Knowledge, ed. M. Montinari, W. Miiller-Lauter and H. Wenzel, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pg. 30-33 Scopa/RECUT bxnk) AND ein Feststellen von Gradund Kraftverhaltnissen, als ein Kampf . . .0 0 Universalizability and practical reason presume an "ideal" version of the world independent of human experience that is epistemically inaccessible. Leiter 02, Brian Leiter, American philosopher and legal scholar who is Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Chicago Law School and founder and Director of Chicago's Center for Law, Philosophy and Human Values, Nietzsche on Morality, recut bxnk AND be no noumenal objects, i.e., no thingsin-themselves. Ressentiment produces a powerless subject incapable of acting and internalizes a hatred for the self that is unendurably painful.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND Nietzsche's terms, "anaesthetize") and externalize what is otherwise "unendurable." The alternative is to affirm a will to power. Self-affirming internalism is necessary to overcome external domination that perpetuates oppression.Newman ‘06, (Saul, Senior Lecturer in Politics @ U of London, "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment," Theory and Event - Volume 4, Issue 3, Muse, 2006 AD: 7/8/09) ScopaRECUT BXNK AND opposition that only reflects and reaffirms the very domination it claims to oppose. | 9/20/21 |
2 - K - Nietzsche v2Tournament: Yale | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit NW | Judge: Elias Altman The ontological nature of the subject is self-determining – there is no inherent meaning to the world and freedom is the only choice for subject formation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who cultivates existential subjectivity.Moore 67 Asher. "Existential Phenomenology." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 27, no. 3, 1967, pp. 408–414. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2106066.Scopa. AND , which are open to, and open only to, phenomenological insight. The aff’s form of identity politics surrenders itself to the phantasmic idea of the perfect image of whiteness that never existed and necessarily trades off with structural capitalist critiques of the root cause of violence by placing its liberation potential in the hands of the very social system that generated that violence.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND in the multiculturalist mantra, "race, class, gender, sexuality?" Their view of history as alive in this room formulating subjectivity is the pinnacle of slave morality that breeds ressentiment and the attachment to the white civil society that generated the violence against their identity and dooms the subject to a repressed existence at the will of the master.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND is reiterated in the investments of late modern democracy's primary oppositional political formations. Ressentiment produces a powerless subject incapable of acting and internalizes a hatred for the self that is unendurably painful.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND Nietzsche's terms, "anaesthetize") and externalize what is otherwise "unendurable." The alternative is to affirm a will to power. Self-affirming internalism is necessary to overcome external domination that perpetuates oppression.Newman ‘06, (Saul, Senior Lecturer in Politics @ U of London, "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment," Theory and Event - Volume 4, Issue 3, Muse, 2006 AD: 7/8/09) ScopaRECUT BXNK AND opposition that only reflects and reaffirms the very domination it claims to oppose. | 9/20/21 |
2 - NC - UtilTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Nelson Okunlola Pleasure is an intrinsic good.Moen ’16 – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang AND that pain is intrinsically disvaluable. I shall argue that these objections fail. Weighing—(a) Parsimony – metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely, prefer intuitions. (b) Epistemology – thousands of years of abstract theorizing has failed to resolve ethics. (c) Hijacks – intuitions are inevitable since even every framework has to take to some unjustified assumption as a starting point.And, consequentialism is true—A~ All actions are forward-looking, so intentions are constituted by foreseen consequences.B~ Moral substitutability—if I ought to mow the lawn, then I ought to turn on the lawnmower. Thus, an obligation requires all of its necessary enablers.Thus, the standard is maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. Prefer –1 – Death first – their framework assumes perfect rationality but agents can’t deliberate on ethics if they fear for their bodily security – proves my offense turns and outweighs theirs.2 – Actor-Spec – States are institutions with pragmatic purposes and not agents with intentions so non-consequentialist impacts are incoherent—outweighs since different agents have different obligations. Takes out calc indicts—state use util all the time.3 – Use ethical modesty – that’s multiplying the probability of a framework being true by its general contention impact – (a) It maximizes the probability of achieving net most moral value—beating a framework acts as mitigation to their impacts but the strength of that mitigation is contingent (b) Strat – key to let the neg compensate versus aff tricks that can be conceded auto-wins. Else every neg has to give a perfectly responsive 1n or else they auto-lose. | 1/14/22 |
2 - ROB - Comparative WorldsTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Nelson Okunlola The role of the ballot is to compare the desirability of the world of the affirmative and the world of the negative via fair arguments.1. Topic education – Infinite number of NIBs and permissibility arguments under truth testing allows debaters to recycle arguments which moots topic education.2. Reciprocity – Truth testing imposes unfair burdens on debaters since it requires debaters to prove statements definitively true or false, there are an infinite number of ways to prove something false and only one way to prove it true.3. Inclusion – Truth testing is designed to exclude individuals who don’t have the physical ability or skill to catch and line by line all these blippy arguments which a) shuts out novices and kills participation in debate and b) excludes those with disabilities that affect their ability to engage in these arguments. That’s a voter since inclusion is a pre-req to debating in the first place.4. Resolved is defined as "to express an opinion or determination by resolution or vote; as ‘it was resolved by the legislature;" It is of similar force to the word "enact," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law". | 1/14/22 |
2 - ROB - TTTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: Braeden Kirkpatrick The role of the ballot is determine the truth or falsity of the resolution.~1~ Constitutive: The ballot asks you to either vote aff or neg based on the given resolution a) Five dictionaries define to negate as to deny the truth of and affirm as to prove true which means its intrinsic to the nature of the activity b) Anything else is intervention Branse, David Brasne '15 (), 9-4-2015, "The Role of the Judge By David Branse (Part One)," NSD Update,http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/04/the-role-of-the-judge-by-david-branse-part-one First, bindingness: the practice rules argument I’ve sketched out illustrates this point. Once a judge commits to a round in accordance with a set of rules, the reasons within the round are different – the rules are absolute and non-optional. When a person signs a contract, if they come to regard the terms of the contract as problematic, this is not a reason to disregard the contract. It might only be a reason to try to renegotiate it. A decision about the practicality of the contract cannot, in itself, generate a reason to disobey the terms of the agreement. Second, arbitrariness: A maxim that provides the judge with the authority to vote on their perceived assessment of the activity’s goals seems to only emphasize the arbitrary, subjective elements of debate. There would be something deeply objectionable about the referee deciding to declare the better exerciser winner. Impositions of practical judgments seem to just be unfair ex post facto rules that step outside the judge’s jurisdiction. This is especially true with debate – education claims may seem somewhat intuitive, but there is no reason imposing practical judgments ends there. For example, one judge could come to believe that debate is a unique space to construct value judgments, and therefore the best debater is the one who best establishes a philosophy to win the round. Even though debate is a unique space for philosophical argumentation, no debater would feel comfortable for a judge voting on the AC framework when the neg won contention level offense beneath that framework. Every judge will have different value judgments, and so the role of the judge in each round would oscillate. This emphasizes judge intervention, and destroys the chance for debaters to predict each other’s arguments and thus engage with them. Very few people are comfortable viewing debate as an activity with oscillating rules where judges cannot be held to any predictable standard. ~2~ Isomorphism: ROBs that aren’t phrased as binaries maximize leeway for interpretation as to who is winning offense. Scalar framing mechanisms necessitate that the judge has to intervene to see who is closest at solving a problem. Truth testing solves since it’s solely a question of if something is true or false, there isn’t a closest estimate.~3~ Inclusion: a) other ROBs open the door for personal lives of debaters to factor into decisions and compare who is more oppressed which causes violence in a space where some people go to escape. b) Anything can function under truth testing insofar as it proves the resolution either true or false. Specific role of the ballots exclude all offense besides those that follow from their framework which shuts out people without the technical skill or resources to prep for it.~4~ Bindingness: a) all arguments pre-assume that they are true as judges don’t vote an arguments proven false b) in order to win that your ROB is superior to TT you must prove true the claim that your ROB is better than TT. | 11/20/21 |
2 - ROB - TT v2Tournament: Princeton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Nathan Frenkel "Affirm" means "assert as valid" and "negate" means "deny the … truth of." The rules of debate can’t be changed from the inside.Shapiro Shapiro, Tamar (Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University). "Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory." Volume 35, Number 1, March 2001. AND to make her movements count as the moves she intends them to be. Thus, the role of the ballot is truth-testing. Prefer—~1~ Education – Framework debates incentivize phil research. Outweighs since phil ed is (a) the reason why schools fund LD debate specifically, (b) most accessible to small schools that can’t keep up with util prep, and (c) key to good policymaking which impact turns their offense.~2~ Every statement implicitly asserts its own truth. Any other ROB appeals to mine which collapses. | 1/14/22 |
JANFEB - K - LacanTournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: LHP AB | Judge: Faizaan Dossani The ROTB is to vote for the best account of desire. Debate is structured around the fantasy of progress, dispelling negative signifiers of deviance which results in error replication. Representations preclude the aff – as analysts, we must refuse the construction of the 1AC which avoids serial policy failure and means they can’t weigh case.Fotaki, Marianna. (Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School). "Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction." June 15, 2010. Sage, 713-716. LHP SG AND of new ways of desiring, engaging and being in organizations and society. Anticapitalist struggles attempt to remove the limits of capitalism to reach a utopian society in which the forces of production experience no constraints - the impact is lashouts and it just reproduces capitalism.McGowan 16 - Todd McGowan is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Vermont, 2016 ~"Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets", Columbia Press New York, pages 19-34~ rpg AND identity is yet another limit that capitalism itself aims to overcome and does. At the level of form, radical demands are an affective investment which robs agency, cede the political, and reaffirms state authority.Lundberg ’12 (Chris, comm studies prof at UNC, Lacan in Public) AND power of depriving them of that alone by which they are satisfied."46 Fantasy productions are not neutral models of risk but collusions between capital and state that prevent the change they’ll talk about. The neg rejects this model of beautifying space policy.Ormrod 11 - "Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space" by James S Ormrod School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Falmer BN1 9PH, Sussex, England; e-mail: j.s.ormrod@brighton.ac.uk Received 17 August 2011; in revised form 19 September 2012 ~https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/d16511~~ ahs emi AND literature on risk (eg, Douglas, 1992; Joffe, 1999). The alternative is to embrace the death drive. Utopian ideals seek to achieve that which is impossible—our striving to reach enjoyment replicates the very thing we are trying to eliminate. Only by founding our politics upon recognition that our limitations provide the perfect source for endless enjoyment can we prevent the endless repetition of suffering.McGowan ‘13 "Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis" (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont) Accessed on 7/25/19 AHS emi AND freedom to enjoy rather than restricting it under the banner of the good. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - K - Lacan v2Tournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough SP | Judge: Claire Liu The ROTB is to vote for the debater who performatively and methodologically provides the best account of desire. Debate is structured around the fantasy of progress, dispelling negative signifiers of deviance which results in error replication. Representations preclude the aff – as analysts, we must refuse the construction of the 1AC which avoids serial policy failure and means they can’t weigh case.Fotaki, Marianna. (Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School). "Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction." June 15, 2010. Sage, 713-716. LHP SG AND of new ways of desiring, engaging and being in organizations and society. To be a subject requires conformity with the meanings, norms, and traditions of the Symbolic. The illusive nature of the signifier induces Lack, a sense of loss which cannot be overcome by the subject. This dooms political projects, as the failure to overcome lack becomes our object of desire.McGowan ’16 Todd McGowan (Associate Professor of Film and Television Studies at the University of Vermont). "Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets, Columbia University Press, 2016, pgs. 28-32. AND to its lost object, experiencing the intimate connection between loss and satisfaction. Fantasy productions are not neutral models of risk but collusions between capital and state that prevent the change they’ll talk about. The neg rejects this model of beautifying space policy.Ormrod 11 - "Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space" by James S Ormrod School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Falmer BN1 9PH, Sussex, England; e-mail: j.s.ormrod@brighton.ac.uk Received 17 August 2011; in revised form 19 September 2012 ~https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/d16511~~ ahs emi AND literature on risk (eg, Douglas, 1992; Joffe, 1999). Extinction rhetoric attempts to mediate the infinitude of the Real, but backfires through neocon cooption and indeterminate prescriptions. Scenario planning is an investment in apocalypse that justifies genocidal logic and desires the end of the world.Matheson 15 Calum Lister Matheson (Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh; PhD, Communication Studies, University of North Carolina). "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive." UNC Chapel Hill Dissertation, 2015, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/sn009z17m?locale=en. MBPZ AND depends (Caldwell).15 The logic of infinite loss results in aporia. The aff sustains the ‘nuclear priesthood’ of debate – in an attempt to control the absolute contingency of the Real, we repetitively invest in a practice of control over nuclear weapons. The 1AC’s enjoyment of nuclear weapons becomes a form of violent repetition compulsion that turns the case.Matheson 15 (Calum Matheson is an Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive," 6/23/15) AND sought to tame the world with human reason (Arbella 51-53). Vote neg to embrace the politics of the sublime—the alt salvages value to life in the aesthetic grandeur of the day to day. This doesn’t guide policy, but rather questions the libidinal investments that enable nuclear deterrence—solves case.Matheson 2 Calum Lister Matheson (Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh; PhD, Communication Studies, University of North Carolina). "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive." UNC Chapel Hill Dissertation, 2015, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/sn009z17m?locale=en. MBPZ AND questions raised by the Bomb is to play the wrong kind of game. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - K - Lacan v3Tournament: Lexington | Round: 5 | Opponent: NSU SF | Judge: Keshav Dandu The ROTB is to endorse the debater who best performatively and methodologically rejects the lack. links much better into meta-ethic which ow on link specificity.Ruti 10 Mari Ruti. (2010). Winnicott with Lacan: Living Creatively in a Postmodern World. American Imago, 67(3), 353–374.~doi:10.1353/aim.20 sci-hub.tw/10.1353/aim.2010.0016~ ~https://muse.jhu.edu/article/414021/pdf~~ ahs emi AND prayer or in the madhouse, I can think of no greater paranoia. Universalizability is a bad heuristic because it kills desires.Donahue 2- Brian Donahue, assistant professor of English at Gonzaga University with a Ph.D. from Purdue University, Gonzaga University, 2002 ~"Marxism, Postmodernism, Zizek", http://pmc.iath.virginia.edu/issue.102/12.2donahue.html, 2-19-2019~ ahs em AND that we renounce our desire precisely because it cannot be universalized (69). Fantasy productions are not neutral models of risk but collusions between capital and state that prevent the change they’ll talk about. The neg rejects this model of beautifying space policy.Ormrod 11 - "Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space" by James S Ormrod School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Falmer BN1 9PH, Sussex, England; e-mail: j.s.ormrod@brighton.ac.uk Received 17 August 2011; in revised form 19 September 2012 ~https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/d16511~~ ahs emi AND literature on risk (eg, Douglas, 1992; Joffe, 1999). Thus, the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND of fantasy (or psychoanalysis as a whole) in a political sense. | 1/16/22 |
JANFEB - K - Lacan v4Tournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Westlake AK | Judge: James Stuckert The ROB is to vote for the debater who provides the best form of engagement with the fantasy—-The embrace of the lack is the key to finding genuine enjoyment in the fantasy through trauma and providing an end to the quest of policymakers to find the perfect society so the K precludes the aff.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 220-222) AND the possibilities for enjoyment that inhere in the trauma of the lost object. To be a subject requires conformity with the meanings, norms, and traditions of the Symbolic. The illusive nature of the signifier induces Lack, a sense of loss which cannot be overcome by the subject. This dooms political projects, as the failure to overcome lack becomes our object of desire.McGowan ’16 Todd McGowan (Associate Professor of Film and Television Studies at the University of Vermont). "Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets, Columbia University Press, 2016, pgs. 28-32. AND to its lost object, experiencing the intimate connection between loss and satisfaction. At the level of form, radical demands are an affective investment which robs agency, cede the political, and reaffirms state authority.Lundberg ’12 (Chris, comm studies prof at UNC, Lacan in Public) AND power of depriving them of that alone by which they are satisfied."46 Fantasy productions are not neutral models of risk but collusions between capital and state that prevent the change they’ll talk about. The neg rejects this model of beautifying space policy.Ormrod 11 - "Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space" by James S Ormrod School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Falmer BN1 9PH, Sussex, England; e-mail: j.s.ormrod@brighton.ac.uk Received 17 August 2011; in revised form 19 September 2012 ~https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/d16511~~ ahs emi AND literature on risk (eg, Douglas, 1992; Joffe, 1999). The aff’s valorization of progress participates in a politics of nostalgia. They are on an unachievable quest to return to the state before loss – thus destroying the freedom of the subject itself as it desires fantasies never effectuated by the state.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 42-44recut bxnk) AND as one doesn’t effectuate it. This is the limit of its power. Anticapitalist struggles attempt to remove the limits of capitalism to reach a utopian society in which the forces of production experience no constraints - the impact is lashouts and it just reproduces capitalism.McGowan 16 - Todd McGowan is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Vermont, 2016 ~"Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets", Columbia Press New York, pages 19-34~ rpg AND identity is yet another limit that capitalism itself aims to overcome and does. Thus, the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND the ruling symbolic structure, but they also provide a venue for thinking beyond | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB - K - Lacan v5Tournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Mike Girouard The ROTB is to vote for the best account of desire. Debate is structured around the fantasy of progress, dispelling negative signifiers of deviance which results in error replication. Representations preclude the aff – as analysts, we must refuse the construction of the 1AC which avoids serial policy failure and means they can’t weigh case.Fotaki, Marianna. (Organization Studies Group @ Manchester Business School). "Why do public policies fail so often? Exploring health policy-making as an imaginary and symbolic construction." June 15, 2010. Sage, 713-716. LHP SG AND of new ways of desiring, engaging and being in organizations and society. To be a subject requires conformity with the meanings, norms, and traditions of the Symbolic. The illusive nature of the signifier induces Lack, a sense of loss which cannot be overcome by the subject. This dooms political projects, as the failure to overcome lack becomes our object of desire.McGowan ’16 Todd McGowan (Associate Professor of Film and Television Studies at the University of Vermont). "Capitalism and Desire: The Psychic Cost of Free Markets, Columbia University Press, 2016, pgs. 28-32. AND to its lost object, experiencing the intimate connection between loss and satisfaction. Fantasy productions are not neutral models of risk but collusions between capital and state that prevent the change they’ll talk about. The neg rejects this model of beautifying space policy.Ormrod 11 - "Beyond world risk society? A critique of Ulrich Beck’s world risk society thesis as a framework for understanding risk associated with human activity in outer space" by James S Ormrod School of Applied Social Science, University of Brighton, Falmer BN1 9PH, Sussex, England; e-mail: j.s.ormrod@brighton.ac.uk Received 17 August 2011; in revised form 19 September 2012 ~https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1068/d16511~~ ahs emi AND literature on risk (eg, Douglas, 1992; Joffe, 1999). Apocalyptic rhetoric attempts to mediate the infinitude of the Real, but backfires through neocon cooption and indeterminate prescriptions. Scenario planning – especially with respect to space colonization — is an investment in apocalypse that justifies genocidal logic and desires the end of the world.Matheson 15 Calum Lister Matheson (Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh; PhD, Communication Studies, University of North Carolina). "Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive." UNC Chapel Hill Dissertation, 2015, https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/sn009z17m?locale=en. MBPZ AND along with the material traces of a society organized by this sacrificial logic. Their approach destroys politics, ethics, and value to life.Ruti ‘14 (mari, English, Toronto, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society (2014) 19, 297–314) SJBE, recut from Harvard BoSuRECUT BXNK AND of desire that, on the most elementary level, determines our destiny. Thus, the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND of fantasy (or psychoanalysis as a whole) in a political sense. | 1/29/22 |
NOVDEC - K - LacanTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Tays KM | Judge: Jalyn Wu The ROB is to vote for the debater who provides the best form of engagement with the fantasy—-The embrace of the lack is the key to finding genuine enjoyment in the fantasy through trauma and providing an end to the quest of policymakers to find the perfect society so the K precludes the aff.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 220-222) AND the possibilities for enjoyment that inhere in the trauma of the lost object. At the level of form, radical demands are an affective investment which robs agency, cede the political, and reaffirms state authority.Lundberg ’12 (Chris, comm studies prof at UNC, Lacan in Public) AND power of depriving them of that alone by which they are satisfied."46 Specifically, regulating the strike into the right to strike allows the state to dictate revolution – that diffuses planning into policy and subverts radicality. Even if tactical leaders recognize the right to strike – that begs the question of whether the state’s aims will truly be shifted.Crépon 19 Mark Crépon (French philosopher), translated by Micol Bez "The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin’s ‘Toward the Critique of Violence,’" Critical Times, 2:2, August 2019, DOI 10.1215/26410478-7708331 Recut Justin AND and to take responsibility for it that the left regularly loses workers’ support. Thus the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND of fantasy (or psychoanalysis as a whole) in a political sense. | 1/29/22 |
NOVDEC - K - Lacan v2Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: Phoenix Pittman The ROB is to vote for the debater who provides the best form of engagement with the fantasy—-The embrace of the lack is the key to finding genuine enjoyment in the fantasy through trauma and providing an end to the quest of policymakers to find the perfect society so the K precludes the aff.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 220-222) AND the possibilities for enjoyment that inhere in the trauma of the lost object. At the level of form, radical demands are an affective investment which robs agency, cede the political, and reaffirms state authority.Lundberg ’12 (Chris, comm studies prof at UNC, Lacan in Public) AND Other as already possessing the ‘privilege’ of satisfying needs, that it is The impact is value to life – the continuous drive towards escaping loss prevents the subject’s acceptance of the finitude of death, destroying value. Only by embracing the inescapability of traumatic loss are we able to affirm life and carve out spaces for freedom.McGowan 13 (Todd McGowan, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, "Enjoying what we don’t have: the political project of psychoanalysis,"|bxnk) AND death is that it never finds enough life and thus remains perpetually dissatisfied. Thus the alternative is to traverse the fantasy – this spills up to tangible political change, shifting politics away from one focused on escaping loss to one embracing it.McGowan ‘13 (Todd, Assoc. Prof. of Film and Television Studies @ U. of Vermont, Enjoying What We Don’t Have: The Political Project of Psychoanalysis, pp. 208-210) AND of fantasy (or psychoanalysis as a whole) in a political sense. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - K - NietzscheTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale SV | Judge: Kyle Kopf The ontological nature of the subject is self-determining – there is no inherent meaning to the world and freedom is the only choice for subject formation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who cultivates existential subjectivity.Moore 67 Asher. "Existential Phenomenology." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 27, no. 3, 1967, pp. 408–414. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2106066.Scopa. AND , which are open to, and open only to, phenomenological insight. The state is a complex managerial system of classificatory regimes that promises a politically generated subject capable of accessing the empty promise of liberal universality – this promise is sustained through production of difference, subject management, and the demand for political attachments to sustain identity. This belies the power relations at the crux of the topic – why should the rts be granted to police unions that only forward discriminatory labor practices? – their aff is only part and parcel with the systems of violence that reproduce their impacts.Brown 93, Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. ScopaRECUT BXNK AND liberal individuation, whereas liberalism politically neutralizes rights claims generated by disciplinary identities. Specifically, regulating the strike into the right to strike allows the state to dictate revolution – that diffuses planning into policy and subverts radicality.Crépon 19 Mark Crépon (French philosopher), translated by Micol Bez "The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin’s ‘Toward the Critique of Violence,’" Critical Times, 2:2, August 2019, DOI 10.1215/26410478-7708331 Recut Justin AND and to take responsibility for it that the left regularly loses workers’ support. Universalizability and practical reason presume an "ideal" version of the world independent of human experience, that is epistemically inaccessible. Leiter 02, Brian Leiter, American philosopher and legal scholar who is Karl N. Llewellyn Professor of Jurisprudence at the University of Chicago Law School and founder and Director of Chicago's Center for Law, Philosophy and Human Values, Nietzsche on Morality, recut bxnk AND be no noumenal objects, i.e., no thingsin-themselves. Ressentiment produces a powerless subject incapable of acting and internalizes a hatred for the self that is unendurably painful.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND Nietzsche's terms, "anaesthetize") and externalize what is otherwise "unendurable." The alternative is to affirm a will to power. Self-affirming internalism is necessary to overcome external domination that perpetuates oppression. It’s uncondo.Newman ‘06, (Saul, Senior Lecturer in Politics @ U of London, "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment," Theory and Event - Volume 4, Issue 3, Muse, 2006 AD: 7/8/09) ScopaRECUT BXNK AND opposition that only reflects and reaffirms the very domination it claims to oppose. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - K - Nietzsche v2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Phoenix Pittman The ontological nature of the subject is self-determining – there is no inherent meaning to the world and freedom is the only choice for subject formation. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who cultivates existential subjectivity.Moore 67 Asher. "Existential Phenomenology." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 27, no. 3, 1967, pp. 408–414. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2106066.Scopa. AND , which are open to, and open only to, phenomenological insight. Security requires that one fear the unknown instead of confronting it in the manner constitutive to the will to power. This kills value to life, causes ressentiment, and controls the root cause to their impacts.James Der Derian 93, Watson Institute research professor of international studies at Brown University, where he directs the Global Security Program and the Global Media Project. He is the author of many articles and books, including the highly acclaimed Virtuous War (2001, 2009). Hobbes, Marx, Nietzsche, and Baudrillard The Political Subject of Violence, ed. G.M. Dillon and David Campbell, Manchester University Press (1993), pp. 94–113. /AHS PBrecut BXNK AND own dignity and solemnity, our own fearsomeness, not also diminished?47 The state is a complex managerial system of classificatory regimes that promises a politically generated subject capable of accessing the empty promise of liberal universality – this promise is sustained through production of difference, subject management, and the demand for political attachments to sustain identity.Brown 93, Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. ScopaRECUT BXNK AND liberal individuation, whereas liberalism politically neutralizes rights claims generated by disciplinary identities. Util is a link – it’s a religion of pity that justifies the eradication of suffering as evil and primes the subject for a comfortableness that kills the value to life. It writes itself into a paradox through its misunderstanding of human happiness.Anomaly 05 Anomaly, Jonny. "Nietzsche's Critique of Utilitarianism." Journal of Nietzsche Studies, no. 29, 2005, pp. 1–15. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20717848. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa *Brackets for Clarity* AND always leads through the voluptuousness of one's own hell" (GS 338) Ressentiment produces a powerless subject incapable of acting and internalizes a hatred for the self that is unendurably painful.Brown 93 Brown, Wendy. "Wounded Attachments." Political Theory, vol. 21, no. 3, 1993, pp. 390–410. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/191795. Accessed 9 Mar. 2020. Scopa AND Nietzsche's terms, "anaesthetize") and externalize what is otherwise "unendurable." The aff’s resentment produces a form of political apathy that causes their harms.Leslie Paul Thiele 94, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Florida, Twilight of Modernity: Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Politics. Political Theory, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Aug., 1994), pp. 468-490/AHS PB AND religious and metaphysical at- tempts to justify existence have been thoroughly discredited. The alternative is to affirm a will to power. Self-affirming internalism is necessary to overcome external domination that perpetuates oppression. It’s uncondo.Newman ‘06, (Saul, Senior Lecturer in Politics @ U of London, "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment," Theory and Event - Volume 4, Issue 3, Muse, 2006 AD: 7/8/09) ScopaRECUT BXNK AND opposition that only reflects and reaffirms the very domination it claims to oppose. | 1/14/22 |
NOVDEC - NC - HobbesTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Millburn AX | Judge: Braeden Kirkpatrick The metaethic is perspectivism – truth is not absolute but rather created by individuals based on their own individual perspective. Prefer it~1~ Opacity – we can never access another person’s perspective because we can never fully understand who someone else is or what they think. Every truth I create cannot be universalized because I can’t guarantee that they will create the same truth because they do what they want.~2~ Linguistics – Truth is constructed by language, which is completely arbitrary. Nothing tells me that a chair is a chair; I only assign it that name arbitrarily because I want to. Meaning can’t be contained within language if we make it up ourselves, and truth doesn’t exist absent language.But, the state of nature leads to infinite violence – competing truth claims means conflicts cannot be resolved. Two warrants:~1~ Ambiguity – everyone can assert their own claims to be true and refuse contestation – this means we always fight over who is correct. This is irresolvable because there is no mediator to adjudicate the dispute and tell who is correct – we just fight forever~2~ Self-Interest – everyone wants their truth claims to be true because it benefits them – this leads to conflict because we can’t divide limited resources and must compete with each other – terminates in death because neither of us want to concede to the otherThis state of nature is brutish and has no conception of morality because we don’t have any unified truth to guide us, and thus outweighs on magnitude. The solution is the creation of the sovereign to mediate what is true and enforce the law; they are the ultimate ruler and arbitrator. It must eliminate all conflicts to bring peace to our violent natures. Thus, the standard is consistency with the will of the sovereign. Prefer it: ~1~ Bindingness: Only the sovereign can get everyone to follow their rule and enforce the law, it creates motivations for any moral rules we create. Otherwise, the framework collapses and truth becomes impossible. Impact calc: all theory, rotb, and procedurals is legitimate – just a quesiton of weighing~2~ All obligations are contingent on survival —"ought" implies "can" so my framework is prereq by definition.Mearsheimer ~John J. Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science and codirector of the Program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago. " The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (Updated Edition)" W. W. Norton and Company, 2003, https://books.google.com/books?id=lDzCD'C'ipoC, DOA:10-27-2017~ AND other goals, of course, but security is their most important objective. ~3~ Infinite Regress- other moral theories fail since individuals can question why they follow them, but my framework escapes this since the sovereign is able to impose its will~4~ Actor spec – other moral theories might matter in the abstract but obligations differ based on the nature of the agent. For example, a janitor has different obligations than teachers, in the same vein the state has unique obligations that might be inconsistent with morality in general.Contention~1~ The sovereign has absolute authority; strikes contest the rule of the authority of the sovereign which leads to infinite regress and freezes action.Lloyd and Sreedhar (Sharon A. Lloyd and Susanne Sreedhar, Sharon Lloyd is Professor of Philosophy, Law, and Political Science at the University of Southern California. She co-founded the USC Center for Law and Philosophy, and directs the USC Levan Institute's Conversations in Practical Ethics Program., Susanne Sreedhar is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. Sreedhar's work on social contract theory has been influential, and has mostly been aimed at the nature and scope of obligation within political systems, and the possibility of ethical civil disobedience within a Hobbesian system., 2-12-2002, accessed on 6-29-2021, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), "Hobbes’s Moral and Political Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral/)//st AND state of nature, people should treat their sovereign as having absolute authority. ~2~ The sovereign hasn’t granted the unconditional right to strike in the squo - proves that it doesn’t want it. Passing the res blocks the sovereign’s will. | 11/20/21 |
NOVDEC - NC - Hobbes v2Tournament: Princeton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hunter AI | Judge: Nathan Frenkel The metaethic is perspectivism – truth is not absolute but rather created by individuals based on their own individual perspective. Prefer it:~1~ Opacity – we can never access another person’s perspective because we can never fully understand who someone else is or what they think. Every truth I create cannot be universalized because I can’t guarantee that they will create the same truth because they do what they want.~2~ Linguistics – Truth is constructed by language, which is completely arbitrary. Nothing tells me that a chair is a chair; I only assign it that name arbitrarily because I want to. Meaning can’t be contained within language if we make it up ourselves, and truth doesn’t exist absent language.But, the state of nature leads to infinite violence – competing truth claims means conflicts cannot be resolved. Two warrants:~1~ Ambiguity – everyone can assert their own claims to be true and refuse contestation – this means we always fight over who is correct. This is irresolvable because there is no mediator to adjudicate the dispute and tell who is correct – we just fight forever~2~ Self-Interest – everyone wants their truth claims to be true because it benefits them – this leads to conflict because we can’t divide limited resources and must compete with each other – terminates in death because neither of us want to concede to the otherThis state of nature is brutish and has no conception of morality because we don’t have any unified truth to guide us, and thus outweighs on magnitude. The solution is the creation of the sovereign to mediate what is true and enforce the law; they are the ultimate ruler and arbitrator. It must eliminate all conflicts to bring peace to our violent natures. Thus, the standard is consistency with the will of the sovereign. Prefer it:~1~ Bindingness: Only the sovereign can get everyone to follow their rule and enforce the law, it creates motivations for any moral rules we create. Otherwise, the framework collapses and truth becomes impossible.~2~ All obligations are contingent on survival—"ought" implies "can" so my framework is prereq by definition.Mearsheimer ~John J. Mearsheimer is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science and codirector of the Program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago. " The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (Updated Edition)" W. W. Norton and Company, 2003, https://books.google.com/books?id=lDzCD'C'ipoC, DOA:10-27-2017~ AND other goals, of course, but security is their most important objective. ~3~ Infinite Regress- other moral theories fail since individuals can question why they follow them, but my framework escapes this since the sovereign is able to impose its will~4~ Actor spec– other moral theories might matter in the abstract but obligations differ based on the nature of the agent. For example, a janitor has different obligations than teachers, in the same vein the state has unique obligations that might be inconsistent with morality in general. Outweighs and comes first since different agents have different ethical standings.Contention~1~ The sovereign has absolute authority; strikes contest the rule of the authority of the sovereign which leads to infinite regress and freezes action.Lloyd and Sreedhar (Sharon A. Lloyd and Susanne Sreedhar, Sharon Lloyd is Professor of Philosophy, Law, and Political Science at the University of Southern California. She co-founded the USC Center for Law and Philosophy, and directs the USC Levan Institute's Conversations in Practical Ethics Program., Susanne Sreedhar is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Boston University. Sreedhar's work on social contract theory has been influential, and has mostly been aimed at the nature and scope of obligation within political systems, and the possibility of ethical civil disobedience within a Hobbesian system., 2-12-2002, accessed on 6-29-2021, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2020 Edition), "Hobbes’s Moral and Political Philosophy (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)", https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral/)//st AND state of nature, people should treat their sovereign as having absolute authority. ~2~ The sovereign hasn’t granted the unconditional right to strike in the squo - proves that it doesn’t want it. Passing the res blocks the sovereign’s will.~3~ The aff creates post-fiat obligations for the state – this is incoherent because it implies an authority higher than the state to constrain the sovereign. Only sovereign entities can create moral obligations, so the state can’t have an obligation to act | 1/14/22 |
NOVDEC - NC - KantTournament: Princeton | Round: 5 | Opponent: Ardsley KK | Judge: Grant Brown FrameworkThe basis for ethics is ideal theory – it’s an inevitable constraint on how we approach the material world. Arvan ’14~Posted by Marcus Arvan on 05/03/2014 at 11:05 AM What's not wrong with ideal theory http://philosopherscocoon.typepad.com/blog/2014/05/whats-not-wrong-with-ideal-theory.html~~ AND to do nonideal theory inevitably — if only tacitly — appeals to ideals. Agency is constitutive and inescapable since to engage in any enterprise is to ipso facto engage in agency. Even when agents attempt to assess whether they should participate as agents, they are closed under the operation of reflective rational assessment.Thus, agents must be able to pursue their ends independent of the choices of others or else their reasoning wouldn’t produce an action and wouldn’t be practical. It’s impossible to will a violation of freedom since deciding to do would will incompatible ends since it logically entails willing a violation of your own freedom. Constraints are necessary to retain the value of freedom which implies that one cannot hinder the freedom of others.Engstrom, Stephen. "Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge." N.d. Available from http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom'vortrag.pdf. AND a person’s outer freedom is incompatible with the limitation of that same freedom. Thus, the standard is consistency with a Kantian system of equal and outer freedom:Prefer the standard for the following reasons:1~ Culpability – absent a conception of free will, agents could always just claim that they were operating on desires that they could not control2~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify a standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from others.3~ Consequentialist theories hold agents responsible for consequences external to their will which removes any reason to act ethically because agents are punished for ends they did not intend.4~ Actor Specificity — most states abide by inviolable side-constraints in their constitutionsRipstein, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Harvard University Press, 2010. *bracketed for clarity and grammar* AND citizens could not give themselves a law that turned them into mere objects. Intents come first –~1~ Taking away ends isn’t a violation – I don’t commit a wrong by buying the last jar of peanut butter at the store before you could, but if I actively try to block your path to the store so you cannot buy it I have violated your agency~2~ Induction is circular – it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform but we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events.~3~ Responsibility – Else agents are held responsible for harms they did not even know they caused which decks moral responsibilityContention~1~ Strikes fail to fulfill dutyFourie 17 Johan Fourie 11-30-2017 "Ethicality of Labor-Strike Demonstrates by Social Workers" https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/Ethicality-of-Labor-Strike-Demonstrates-by-Social-Workers/62694.html (Johan Fourie is professor of Economics and History at Stellenbosch University.) JG AND and demonstrating labor strike action is not adhering to duty or morally permissible. ~2~ Uses others as a mere means to an endFourie 2 Johan Fourie 11-30-2017 "Ethicality of Labor-Strike Demonstrates by Social Workers" https://www.otherpapers.com/essay/Ethicality-of-Labor-Strike-Demonstrates-by-Social-Workers/62694.html (Johan Fourie is professor of Economics and History at Stellenbosch University.) JG AND the social work training process and is enshrined in the professional ethical codes. ~3~ An unconditional right to strike is unethical since it treats all strikes as morally neutral which is incorrect.Loewy 2K, Erich H. "Of healthcare professionals, ethics, and strikes." Cambridge Q. Healthcare Ethics 9 (2000): 513. (Erich H. Loewy M.D., F.A.C.P., was born in Vienna, Austria in 1927 and was able to escape first to England and then to the U.S. in late 1938. He was initially trained as a cardiologist. He taught at Case Western Reserve and practiced in Cleveland, Ohio. After 14 years he devoted himself fully to Bioethics and taught at the University of Illinois for 12 years. In 1996 he was selected as the first endowed Alumni Association Chair of Bioethics at the University of California Davis School of Medicine and has taught there since.) JG It would seem then that the ethical considerations for workers striking in an industry such as a shoe factory or a chain grocery store are quite different from the ethical considerations for workers in sanitation, police, or fire departments, or for professionals such as teachers or those involved directly in healthcare. Even in the latter "professional" category, there are subtle but distinct differences of "rights" and obligations. However, one cannot conclude that for workers in essential industries strikes are simply ethically not permissible, whereas they are permissible for workers in less essential industries. Strikes, by necessity, injure another, and injuring another cannot be ethically neutral. Injuring others is prima facie ethically problematic—that is, unless a good and weighty argument for doing so can be made, injuring another is not ethically proper. Striking by a worker, in as much as doing so injures another or others, is only a conditional right. A compelling ethical argument in favor of striking is needed as well as an ethical argument in favor of striking at the time and in the way planned. It remains to delineate the conditions under which strikes, especially strikes by workers in essential industries and even more so by persons who consider themselves to be "professionals," may legitimately proceed and yet fulfill their basic purpose. | 1/14/22 |
NOVDEC - NC - LayTournament: Princeton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Durham JH | Judge: Uma Menon FrameworkI value morality.Pleasure is an intrinsic good.Moen ’16 – (Ole Martin, PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy @ University of Oslo, "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267). Modified for glang AND that pain is intrinsically disvaluable. I shall argue that these objections fail. And, consequentialism is true—A~ All actions are forward-looking, so intentions are constituted by foreseen consequences. If I throw my hand towards your face, I intend to punch you.B~ Moral substitutability—if I ought to mow the lawn, then I ought to turn on the lawnmower. Thus, an obligation requires all of its necessary enablers.Thus, the standard is maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain. Prefer—1 – Death first – their framework assumes perfect rationality but agents can’t deliberate on ethics if they fear for their bodily security – proves my offense turns and outweighs theirs. 2 – A just government refers to one that acts utilitarian meaning that a utilitarian framework is key to understand the perspective of the actor in the res AND ensure that no one group’s interests are served at the expense of others. Contention 1: EconomyThe Global Economy is stabilizing and set for increases in 2021 but is still vulnerable to shocksWorld Bank 6-8 6-8-2021 "The Global Economy: on Track for Strong but Uneven Growth as COVID-19 Still Weighs" https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/08/the-global-economy-on-track-for-strong-but-uneven-growth-as-covid-19-still-weighs AND continues to flare, it will shape the path of global economic activity. Strikes hurt the Economy – two warrants:1~ They hurt critical core industries that is necessary for economic growthMcElroy 19 John McElroy 10-25-2019 "Strikes Hurt Everybody" https://www.wardsauto.com/ideaxchange/strikes-hurt-everybody (MPA at McCombs school of Business) AND be a better way to get workers a raise without torching the countryside. 2~ Strikes create a stigmatization effect over labor and consumption that devastates the EconomyTenza 20, Mlungisi. "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter 41.3 (2020): 519-537. (Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal) AND such investments as a result of, for example, unstable labour relations. Err Negative – over-estimate the effect of Strikes on the economy since traditional economic measures underestimate the damage.Babb No Date Katrina Babb "Chapter 11: The Economic Impact of Unions" http://isu.indstate.edu/conant/ecn351/ch11/chapter11.htm (Professor of Economic at Indiana State) AND to attribute all of the costs associated with a strike to labor alone. Economic Collapse falls out into an all-out international conflict.Tønnesson 15, Stein. "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace." International Area Studies Review 18.3 (2015): 297-311. (the Department of Peace and Conflict, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Peace research Institute Oslo (PRIO), Norway) AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. Contention 2: HospitalsHospital Strikes are devastating to public health infrastructure and patient care and sky-rocket costs – hospital strikes are relatively low now but the Plan green-lights more aggressive Strike actions.Masterson 17 Les Masterson 8-15-2017 "Nursing strikes can cause harm well beyond labor relations" https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/nursing-strikes-can-cause-harm-well-beyond-labor-relations/447627/ (Senior Managing Editor at Quinstreet)Elmer AND about $70,000, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Strikes endanger patients and violates moral duties to others AND hurts trust between patients and doctorsCampbell 16 Denis Campbell 4-9-2016 "All-out junior doctors’ strike unethical and reckless, says NHS chief" https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/09/doctors-strike-nhs-chief-england (Denis Campbell is health policy editor for the Guardian and the Observer. He has written about the NHS, public health and medicine since 2007 and shares health-writing duties with Sarah Boseley, the health editor) JG AND if a total withdrawal of cover is seen as a step too far. Hospitals are the critical internal link for pandemic preparedness.Al Thobaity 20, Abdullelah, and Farhan Alshammari. "Nurses on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic: an Integrative review." Dubai Medical Journal 3.3 (2020): 87-92. (Associate Professor of Nursing at Taif University) AND responsible people will do all but the impossible to save lives. New Pandemics are deadlier and faster are coming – COVID is just the beginningAntonelli 20 Ashley Fuoco Antonelli 5-15-2020 https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2020/05/15/weekly-line "Weekly line: Why deadly disease outbreaks could become more common—even after Covid-19" (Associate Editor — American Health Line) AND globalization is likely to continue—meaning so could infectious diseases' far spread. | 1/14/22 |
NOVDEC - PIC - DiscriminationTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Nelson Okunlola Counterplan: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike except in the instance that strikes directly demand discrimination towards certain groups of individuals. It’s condo.BPSC ~Unfair Labor Practices by Union, http://bpscllc.com/unfair-labor-practices-by-unions.html, N.D., Business and People Strategy Consulting Group, California's trusted source for workplace human resources and employment law~ ~SS~ AND union-security agreement for failure to pay a fine levied by the union Racist union strikes have happened beforeAllison Keyes, JUNE 30, 2017, "The East St. Louis Race Riot Left Dozens Dead, Devastating a Community on the Rise," Smithsonian Magazine, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/east-st-louis-race-riot-left-dozens-dead-devastating-community-on-the-rise-180963885/ SR AND and trolleys. The National Guard was called in but dispersed in June. That negates - | 1/14/22 |
NOVDEC - PIC - PoliceTournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 7 | Opponent: McNeil SC | Judge: Nelson Okunlola Counterplan: The United States federal government ought to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike except for police officers. Condo.Rising police strikes are illegal now but the aff flips that – history proves that police strikes expand the power of police unions and force concessions from state governments that sanction systemic racism.Grim ‘20 ~Andrew Grim, a Ph.D. candidate in history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is at work on a dissertation on anti-police brutality activism in post-WWII Newark. "What is the ‘blue flu’ and how has it increased police power?" (The Washington Post). https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/07/01/what-is-blue-flu-how-has-it-increased-police-power/. Accessed 11/6/21. Brackets for clarity.~ BXNK AND wrest back control of the public debate on policing and reassert their independence. Police strikes rationalize a culture of police brutality which bolsters the prison industrial complex and endless cycles of racism.Chaney and Ray 13, Cassandra (Has a PhD and is a professor at LSU. Also has a strong focus in the structure of Black families) , and Ray V. Robertson (Also has a PhD and is a criminal justice professor at LSU). "Racism and police brutality in America." Journal of African American Studies 17.4 (2013): 480-505. SMdo I really need a card for this AND shape both intergroup dynamics and support for criminal justice policy (Leverentz 2012). | 1/14/22 |
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