Tournament: 2- JF22- Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Penisula AB | Judge: Sylvester, Cort
Breckenridge 9
Wylie Breckenridge (lecturer in philosophy at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia; PhD, Oxford). "On Russell's Theory of Definite Descriptions." 9 December 2009. JDN. http://wylieb.com/Philosophy/DipArts/Russell.pdf
Second, he appeals to the similarity of definite descriptions with indefinite descriptions - phrases
AND
'It is not the case that there is exactly one greatest prime number'.
Use of the bare plural term "private entities" suggests the topic is a generic generalization. Linguistics, logic, and common usage prove.
Bile 87
Bile, Jeff (Former head coach of Southern Illinois University, where he coached 4 consecutive national championship). "When the Whole is Greater than the sum of the Parts: The Implications of Holistic Resolutional Focus". In CEDA Yearbook. Vol. 8, Edt., Brenda Logue. JDN. 1987.
The second rationale for holistic focus is that generic interpretation is most compatible with "
AND
is always generic." Logical conventions would certainly reject a particularized topic rendering.
Coburn-Palo and Luong 96
Nicholas Coburn-Palo (Assistant Debate Coach and Instructor in the Department of Communication at Weber State University, formerly a fulltime speech instructor and Director of Debate at The Pinewood College Preparatory School, and formerly an active member of the National Tournament of Champions Advisory Committee) and Minh Luong (Assistant Professor in the Ethics, Politics, and Economics Program at Yale University and International Affairs Fellow at the Yale Center for International and Area Studies), "Resolutional focus in policy argumentation: theory and application." NFL Rostrum, January, 1996. JDN. https://debate.uvm.edu/NFL/rostrumlib/cxluong0196.pdf
Another reason why it would be logically correct to consider the resolution as the focus
AND
which would substantially change its foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China.
The main legal question of the topic is general, not particular
Oduntan 5
Gbenga Oduntan (Lecturer in Law, Canterbury Christ Church University College, England; Legal Adviser to the Nigerian Government and Member, United Nations Nigerian/Cameroon Mixed Sub-Commission on the Demarcation of the Boundary between Nigeria and Cameroon) Imagine There Are No Possessions: Legal and Moral Basis Of The Common Heritage Principle In Space Law. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 2 (1). pp. 30-59. ISSN 1742-3945. 2005. JDN. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/1767/1/Imagine2520There2520are2520No2520Possessions.pdf
To begin with it must be noted that the common heritage principle is fast becoming
AND
coupled with Article 5 in particular provide the CHM Principle with legal teeth.
Noyes 11
John E. Noyes (the Roger J. Traynor Professor of Law, California Western School of Law). "The Common Heritage of Mankind: Past, Present, and Future." 40 Denv. J. Int'l L. and Pol'y 447 (2011). JDN. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156andcontext=djilp
IV. IMPLEMENTING THE COMMON HERITAGE PRINCIPLE IN TREATY LAW
Legal principles have value
AND
," a principle may be used to influence debates and shape legal developments.
Freeland 5
Steven Freeland (BCom, LLB, LLM, University of New South Wales; Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Western Sydney, Australia; and a member of the Paris-based International Institute of Space Law). "Up, Up and … Back: The Emergence of Space Tourism and Its Impact on the International Law of Outer Space." Chicago Journal of International Law: Vol. 6: No. 1, Article 4. 2005. JDN. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1269andcontext=cjil
VII. SOME ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIME FOR SPACE TOURISM
As
AND
of international space law. A number of these are briefly raised below.
Oduntan 5
Gbenga Oduntan (Lecturer in Law, Canterbury Christ Church University College, England; Legal Adviser to the Nigerian Government and Member, United Nations Nigerian/Cameroon Mixed Sub-Commission on the Demarcation of the Boundary between Nigeria and Cameroon) Imagine There Are No Possessions: Legal and Moral Basis Of The Common Heritage Principle In Space Law. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 2 (1). pp. 30-59. ISSN 1742-3945. 2005. JDN. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/1767/1/Imagine2520There2520are2520No2520Possessions.pdf
6. 1. The Significance of Morality
The claim by some writers that
AND
so, it would have secured for itself a merely transient victory.72
The neg interp has the best explanatory power for why the resolution is worded the specific way that it is. The wording of previous topic this year demonstrates that when the topic is intended to be about a specific agent and course of action, the topic committee uses phrasing like "Member nations of the WTO ought to…". The lack of an agent as well as use of the static verb phrase "is just" is better explainable by the topic being intentionally worded as a general principle than as a demand to debate ill-defined policies with an unclear agent.
Precision is a ceiling, not a floor. You should vote for the most intuitive and straightforward reading, not just any one that is minimally plausible, because the fundamental function of the topic is to keep everyone on the exact same page when coordinating research expectations, and that breaks down if each person has their own pet interp they think is most pragmatic.
The topic has no clear agent and no clear limit on which areas of space or private companies are included. There is also no temporal limit, which compounds the abuse on a topic where most of the possible technologies are in the future and often the far future. There are literally millions of permutations of agents, regions of space, companies, and technologies that the aff could defend. That is an impossible neg research burden for a tournament that's only two weeks after topic release.
Drop the debater on T—the damage was done and I can't regive the 1NC after a 1AR shift. Use competing interps; it avoids arbitrariness and judge intervention.