| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 2 | Luke Del Fierro | Rebecca Anderson |
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| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 5 | Andy Xu | Isabella Nadel |
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| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 4 | Nathaniel John | Curtis Chang |
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| Churchill | 2 | McNeil Karthik Jayakumar | Truman Le |
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| Churchill | 3 | Cypress Woods AZ | Isaac Chao |
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| Disclosure | 8 | NA | NA |
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| Florida Blue Key | 1 | Bronx Science CC | Abhilash Datti |
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| Florida Blue Key | 4 | East Chapel Hill NC | Saketh Kotapati |
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| Florida Blue Key | 5 | Scarsdale OL | Arjan Kang |
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| Harvard | 2 | San Mateo YR | Jonathan Hsu |
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| Harvard | 5 | Cooper City NR | Dominic Henderson |
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| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Silver Creek KZ | Holden Bukowsky |
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| Loyola Invitational | 5 | Dwight-Englewood EK | Brett Cryan |
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| Loyola Invitational | 4 | Troy Independent AP | Brett Cryan |
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| Loyola Invitational | Triples | Memorial SC | Connor Self, Brett Cryan, and Chaitra Pirisingula |
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| Mid America Cup | 1 | Bishops SR | Lukas Krause |
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| Mid America Cup | 3 | Iowa City West JS | Manasi Singh |
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| Mid America Cup | 5 | Scarsdale JT | Holden Bukowsky |
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| Mid America Cup | Triples | Princeton JG | Panel |
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| NA | Finals | NA | NA |
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| NA | Finals | NA | NA |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 2 | George Washington EC | Doron Darnov |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 4 | Scripps Ranch AS | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 6 | Valley JS | Sesh Joe |
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| TFA State | 1 | McNeil Aditya Patwardhan | Vishal Sivamani |
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| TFA State | 3 | Southlake Carrol SD | Nelson |
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| TFA State | 5 | Salado HF | Alexander Yoakum |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 2 | Woodlands SP | Holden Bukowsky |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 4 | Coppell ER | Jugal Amodwala |
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| The Longhorn Classic | 5 | Memorial BD | Truman Le |
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| UH Cougar Classic | 1 | Carnegie Vanguard SR | Eric Schwerdtfeger |
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| UH Cougar Classic | 4 | Coppel SS | Fabrice, Etienne |
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| UH Cougar Classic | 5 | Soujanya Varada | CleSpr EG |
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| UNLV | 1 | Harvard Westlake AT | Joseph Barquin |
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| UNLV | 4 | Loyola IB | Parth Misra |
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| UNLV | 5 | Stockdale GS | Diana Alvarez |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Luke Del Fierro | Judge: Rebecca Anderson 1AC-Stock |
| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 5 | Opponent: Andy Xu | Judge: Isabella Nadel 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Nathaniel John | Judge: Curtis Chang 1AC-Stock v2 |
| Churchill | 2 | Opponent: McNeil Karthik Jayakumar | Judge: Truman Le 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| Churchill | 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Isaac Chao 1AC-Koorsgaard v2 |
| Florida Blue Key | 1 | Opponent: Bronx Science CC | Judge: Abhilash Datti 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| Florida Blue Key | 4 | Opponent: East Chapel Hill NC | Judge: Saketh Kotapati 1AC-Stock |
| Florida Blue Key | 5 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: Arjan Kang 1AC-Stock |
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Jonathan Hsu 1AC-Debris v2 |
| Harvard | 5 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Dominic Henderson 1AC-Koorsgaard v2 |
| Loyola Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Silver Creek KZ | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| Loyola Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Dwight-Englewood EK | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC-Koorsgaard v2 |
| Loyola Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC-Stock |
| Loyola Invitational | Triples | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Connor Self, Brett Cryan, and Chaitra Pirisingula 1AC-Koorsgard v3 |
| Mid America Cup | 1 | Opponent: Bishops SR | Judge: Lukas Krause 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| Mid America Cup | 3 | Opponent: Iowa City West JS | Judge: Manasi Singh 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| Mid America Cup | 5 | Opponent: Scarsdale JT | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC-Stock v2 |
| Mid America Cup | Triples | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Panel 1AC-stock |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 2 | Opponent: George Washington EC | Judge: Doron Darnov 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Scripps Ranch AS | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC-Stock v2 |
| New York City Invitational Debate and Speech Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Valley JS | Judge: Sesh Joe 1AC-stock |
| TFA State | 1 | Opponent: McNeil Aditya Patwardhan | Judge: Vishal Sivamani 1AC-Poland |
| TFA State | 3 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol SD | Judge: Nelson 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| TFA State | 5 | Opponent: Salado HF | Judge: Alexander Yoakum 1AC-Poland |
| The Longhorn Classic | 2 | Opponent: Woodlands SP | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| The Longhorn Classic | 4 | Opponent: Coppell ER | Judge: Jugal Amodwala 1AC-Courts |
| The Longhorn Classic | 5 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Truman Le 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| UH Cougar Classic | 1 | Opponent: Carnegie Vanguard SR | Judge: Eric Schwerdtfeger 1AC-Debris |
| UH Cougar Classic | 4 | Opponent: Coppel SS | Judge: Fabrice, Etienne 1AC-Koorsgaard |
| UH Cougar Classic | 5 | Opponent: Soujanya Varada | Judge: CleSpr EG 1AC-Lay |
| UNLV | 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC-debris |
| UNLV | 4 | Opponent: Loyola IB | Judge: Parth Misra 1AC-Debris |
| UNLV | 5 | Opponent: Stockdale GS | Judge: Diana Alvarez 1AC-Debris |
| x | 4 | Opponent: x | Judge: x see below |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0-Contact InformationTournament: Disclosure | Round: 8 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 7/7/21 |
0-Disclosure InterpsTournament: NA | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA Interpretation: At all TOC bid-distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose all constructive positions on open source with highlighting on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki after the round in which they read them. Interpretation: At all TOC bid-distributing tournaments, debaters must disclose round reports on the 2020-21 NDCA LD wiki for every round they have debated this season. Round reports disclose which positions (AC, NC, K, T, Theory, etc.) were read/gone for in every speech. Interpretation: The affirmative must disclose the advocacy/plan text if they break new when pairings are released or at coin flip. If the debate occurs during flight 2 disclosure should occur at least 30 minutes before the round. Interpretation: The affirmative must disclose the framing text if they break new when pairings are released or at coin flip. If the debate occurs during flight 2 disclosure should occur at least 30 minutes before the round. Interpretation: If the affirmative debater discloses the aff 30 minutes before the round, the debater negating must disclose the NC strategy 15 minutes before the round. | 7/8/21 |
0-NavigationTournament: NA | Round: Finals | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA | 7/7/21 |
JANFEB-DebrisTournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake AT | Judge: Joseph Barquin Plan – The appropriation of outer space through the production of space debris by private entities is unjust.Revising the Outer Space Treaty clarifies legal loopholes and ambiguities in space debris – scope of modification below.Private entities: Non-governmental AND may well provide a solution to the outdated Outer Space Treaty of 1967. The aff interprets OST enforcement as an OUF (Orbital Use Fee). That incentivizes remediation, removal, and mitigation efforts without harming the space industry. Any other countermeasures aren’t the silver bullet and fail.Runnels 22. Michael is a professor and writer for the American Bar Association. 1/13/22. ~American Bar Association "On Clearing Earth’s Orbital Debris and Enforcing the Outer Space Treaty in the U.S." https://www.americanbar.org/groups/business'law/publications/blt/2022/01/orbital-debris/~~ Justin OUF: Proportional fee for amount of debris put into Space AND mega-constellations in LEO and their likely resulting orbital debris.~146~ Proportional fees solve industry startup problems and avoids the tragedy of the commons.Lavars 20. Nick has been writing and editing at New Atlas for over five years, where he has covered everything from distant space probes to self-driving cars to oddball animal science, and everything in between. He previously spent time at The Conversation, Mashable and The Santiago Times, earning a Masters degree in communications from Melbourne’s RMIT University along the way. When not tapping away at his desk, you might find him traveling the world in search of the weird and wonderful. Failing that, he’ll probably be watching sport. 5/26/20. ~New Atlas, "Could orbital fees force satellite operators to deal with space junk?," https://newatlas.com/space/orbital-fees-satellite-space-debris/~~#:~~:text=The20orbital2Duse20fee20would,for20the20scheme20to20work.~ Justin AND But the relatively young space industry can avoid these costs before they escalate." 1AC – Adv – DebrisThe advantage is debris:Massive satellite development incoming and cascades debris – lack of regulations raises the risk and turns any reason satellites are good.Hattenbach 19. Jan Hattenbach sat down with Stijn Lemmens, Senior Space Debris Mitigation Analyst at the European Space Agency (ESA) in Darmstadt, Germany, to talk about how Starlink plays into the space junk problem. 6/3/19. ~Sky Telescope, "DOES STARLINK POSE A SPACE DEBRIS THREAT? AN EXPERT ANSWERS," https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/starlink-space-debris/~~ Justin AND make nation states responsible for the behavior of their individuals or private companies. Democratization of technology spurs rapid development – feedback loops ensures debris cascadesBERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND constellations and how they contribute to the growing threat of the Kessler syndrome. Privatization drive rivalries and exponentially increases debris – lack of regulations spikes it.BERNAT 20. Pawel @ Military University of Aviation. 11/4/20. ~SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, "ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Models are rigorous—inserted below.Virgili et al. 16. Bastida, J.C. Dolado, H.G. Lewis, J. Radtke, H. Krag, B. Revelin, C. Cazaux b , C. Colombo, R. Crowther, M. Metz. 4/26/16. ~Act Astranautica "Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites," https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.03.034.~~ Justin AND collision activity, while the different models used their own solar activity forecast. That drives a space arms race which enhances the risk of debris cascades, closes off space exploration, and causes conflict.Shah 20. Sachin Shah is a write for Cornell Undergraduate Law and Society Review. 8/30/20 ~CORNELL UNDERGRADUATE LAW and SOCIETY REVIEW "The International Legal Regulation of Space Debris," https://www.culsr.org/articles/the-international-legal-regulation-of-space-debris~~ Justin AND , and, finally, discuss legal considerations for private enterprises as well. Satellites solves the grid and every extinction scenario.Pellegrino and Stang 16. Massimo Pellegrino, Master’s Degree in Space Studies from ISU, with Gerald Stang, Senior Associate Analyst at the EUISS, holds BSc and MSc degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan and an MA in international affairs from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University ("Space Security for Europe", EU Institute for Security Studies, published July 2016, https://www.iss.europa.eu/content/space-security-europe, accessed 7-10-2019) bm AND space systems need to be adequately protected and the space environment properly managed. Grid security is an impact filter.Denkenberger 21 ~David Denkenberger, Anders Sandberg, Ross John Tieman, and Joshua M. Pearce, * assistant professor of mechanical engineering at University of Alaska Fairbanks, "Long-term cost-effectiveness of interventions for loss of electricity/industry compared to artificial general intelligence safety," 2021, European Journal of Futures Research, Vol. 9, Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00178-z, EA~ AND ~. Thus global or regional loss of the Internet could have similar implications. Debris triggers miscalculated war.Acton and McDonald 21. James M. Acton is co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program and holds the Jessica T. Mathews Chair at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Thomas D. MacDonald is a fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program. 12/10/21. ~Defense One, "Nuclear Command-and-Control Satellites Should Be Off Limits," https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2021/12/nuclear-command-and-control-satellites-should-be-limits/187472/~~ Justin AND -control system. Once again, the potential consequences could be catastrophic. Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 – Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. Prefer:1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.Impact calc –Extinction outweighs:A~ Structural violence- death causes suffering because people can’t get access to resources and basic necessitiesB~ Objectivity- body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethicalC~ Comes before value-to-life.Tännsjö 11 (Torbjörn, the Kristian Claëson Professor of Practical Philosophy at Stockholm University, "Shalt Thou Sometimes Murder? On the Ethics of Killing," http://people.su.se/~~jolso/HS-texter/shaltthou.pdf) BS 1-27-2018 AND now, have not been worth living, their future lives will be better D~ Mathematically outweighs.MacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview1~ 1AR theory and RVIs on NC theory are legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps – 1AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off- no RVIs on 1ar theory or 2n theory-the 2n can uplayer for 6 minutes and easily beat any theory 2ar-also key to check back against infinite abuse-2~ Reasonability on 1NC theory with the brightline of link and impact turn ground – there are infinite bidirectional interps that I can never meet – the four minute 1AR doesn’t have enough time to line by line every argument, make offense, and go for substance.Evolution proves our theory trueJohnson and Thayer 16 – Dominic D. P. Johnson, D.Phil., Ph.D.* and Bradley A. Thayer, Ph.D., "The evolution of offensive realism Survival under anarchy from the Pleistocene to the present," https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/56B778004187F70B8E59609BE7FEE7A4/S073093841600006Xa.pdf/div-class-title-the-evolution-of-offensive-realism-div.pdf AND in which human brains and behaviors evolved. But what was that context? | 2/5/22 |
JANFEB-KoorsgaardTournament: Churchill | Round: 2 | Opponent: McNeil Karthik Jayakumar | Judge: Truman Le | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB-Koorsgaard v2Tournament: Churchill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cypress Woods AZ | Judge: Isaac Chao Ethics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.~C~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. ~C~ Practical identities – we find our lives worth living under practical identities such as student but that presupposes agency.Korsgaard 92 CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard 92 ~I am a Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have taught since 1991. From July 1996 through June 2002, I was Chair of the Department of Philosophy. (The current chair is Sean Kelly.) From 2004-2012, I was Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy. (The current DGS is Mark Richard.) Before coming here, I held positions at Yale, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Chicago, as well as visiting positions at Berkeley and UCLA. I served as President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in 2008-2009, and held a Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award from 2006-2009. I work on moral philosophy and its history, practical reason, the nature of agency, personal identity, normativity, and the ethical relations between human beings and the other animals~, "The Sources of Normativity", THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES Delivered at Clare Hall, Cambridge University 16-17 Nov 1992, BE AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moralAdvocacyThus, the plan – Resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust. Definitions and enforcement in the doc and I’ll clarify in cross. Private entities are non-governmental.Dunk 11 – Frans G. von der Dunk, 2011, ~"The Origins of Authorisation: Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty and International Space Law," University of Nebraska~ Justin AND . Partly, this was the consequence of key principles being left undefined. Outer Space is everything 60 miles above the earth’s surfaceHowell 17 Elizabeth Howell ~Elizabeth Howell, Ph.D., is a contributing writer for Space.com since 2012. As a proud Trekkie and Canadian, she tackles topics like spaceflight, diversity, science fiction, astronomy and gaming to help others explore the universe. Elizabeth's on-site reporting includes two human spaceflight launches from Kazakhstan, and embedded reporting from a simulated Mars mission in Utah. She holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, and a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University. Her latest book, NASA Leadership Moments, is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday.~ "What is Space?" June 07, 2017 https://www.space.com/24870-what-is-space.html SJEP AND because oxygen molecules are not in enough abundance to make the sky blue. Offense~1~ Privatization is bad~a~ The OST prevents state-based sovereignty claims in space. But it does not clearly restrict corporations and even if it does it may imminently be changed. This means that regions could be under the exclusive control of corporations, while no government has authority.Ward 19 Peter Ward (Peter Ward studied journalism at the University of Sheffield before moving to Dubai, where he reported on the energy sector. After three years in the Middle East, he earned his master’s degree in business journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. His work has appeared in GQ, Bloomberg Buisnessweek, The Economist, and Newsweek. He lives in New York City.) "The unintended consequences of privatising space," ScienceFocus (Online version of BBC Science Focus Magazine). Nov. 6th, 2019. https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/the-unintended-consequences-of-privatising-space/ SJMS AND the necessary small steps now to avoid potentially disastrous consequences in the future. ~b~ That’s an instance of a unilateral will governing individuals while universal decision making is absent. This is an unjust state which violates people’s freedoms and violates the categorical imperative.Cordelli 16 Chiara Cordelli ~Chiara Cordelli is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Chicago. Her main areas of research are social and political philosophy, with a particular focus on theories of distributive justice, political legitimacy, normative defenses of the state, and the public/private distinction in liberal theory. She is the author of The Privatized State (Princeton University Press, 2020), which was awarded the 2021 ECPR political theory prize for best first book in political theory. She is also the co-editor of, and a contributor to, Philanthropy in Democratic Societies (University of Chicago Press, 2016). — cordelli@uchicago.edu~ "WHAT IS WRONG WITH PRIVATIZATION?", University of Chicago, Political Science and the College, https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/What-is-Wrong-With-Privatization'UCB.pdf AND as the implementation of public, justice-based responsibilities through private agents. ~2~ Extending neoliberal polices in space violate universal law through continued injustice.Segobaetso 18 Segobaetso, Benjamin. Ethical Implications of the Colonization, Privatization and Commercialization of Outer Space. SJEP AND without criticism by critical theorists who believe in dismantling all systems of oppression. Underview1~ 1AR theory and RVIs on NC theory are legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps – 1AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off- no RVIs on 1ar theory or 2n theory-the 2n can uplayer for 6 minutes and easily beat any theory 2ar-also key to check back against infinite abuse-2~ Reasonability on 1NC theory with the brightline of link and impact turn ground – there are infinite bidirectional interps that I can never meet – the four minute 1AR doesn’t have enough time to line by line every argument, make offense, and go for substance.AdvantageThe advantage is Debris:Privatization of space is unsustainable and increases debris – triggers the Kessler SyndromeThompson 21 – Clive, 11/17/21, Clive Thompson is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine, a columnist for Wired and Smithsonian magazines, and a regular contributor to Mother Jones. He’s the author of Coders: The Making of a New Tribe and the Remaking of the World, and Smarter Than You Think: How Technology is Changing our Minds for the Better. He’s @pomeranian99 on Twitter and Instagram, ~"Get Ready for the "Kessler Syndrome" to Wreck Outer Space," OneZero, https://onezero.medium.com/get-ready-for-the-kessler-syndrome-to-wreck-outer-space-7f29cfe62c3e~~ Justin AND orbit but unintentional ones — bits of rocket parts and detritus from launches. Privatization exponentially increases the curve but ending dangerous missions prevents it.Bernat 20 – Pawel, 2020, Military University of Aviation, ~"ORBITAL SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS AND THE GROWING THREAT OF KESSLER SYNDROME IN THE LOWER EARTH ORBIT," SAFETY ENGINEERING OF ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECTS, Volume 4, PDF~ Justin AND the global level, apart from first-come, first-served. Debris causes nuclear war—-Noko, Iran, and China.Beauchamp 14 – Zack, 4/21/14, Zack Beauchamp is a senior correspondent at Vox, where he covers global politics and ideology, and a host of Worldly, Vox's podcast on foreign policy and international relations. His work focuses on the rise of the populist right across the West, the role of identity in American politics, and how fringe ideologies shape the mainstream. Before coming to Vox, he edited TP Ideas, a section of Think Progress devoted to the ideas shaping our political world. He has an MSc from the London School of Economics in International Relations and grew up in Washington, DC, where he currently lives with his wife, daughter, and two (rescue) dogs ~"How space trash could start a nuclear war," Vox, https://www.vox.com/2014/4/21/5625246/space-war-china-north-korea-iran~~ Justin *Brackets added for ableist language AND war is imminent — an assessment that could have self-fulfilling consequences." Any nuclear war causes extinction – ice age and famine.Steven Starr 15 ~Director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, as well as a senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility. He has worked with the Swiss, Chilean, and Swedish governments in support of their efforts at the United Nations to eliminate thousands of high-alert, launch-ready U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons. "Nuclear War: An Unrecognized Mass Extinction Event Waiting To Happen." Ratical. March 2015. https://ratical.org/radiation/NuclearExtinction/StevenStarr022815.html~~ TG AND the operational and deployed nuclear arsenals, will leave the Earth essentially uninhabitable. | 1/8/22 |
JANFEB-Koorsgaard v3Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cooper City NR | Judge: Dominic Henderson | 2/20/22 |
JANFEB-Lay AffTournament: UH Cougar Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Soujanya Varada | Judge: CleSpr EG | 1/16/22 |
NOTE FOR TFA STATE-PLEASE READTournament: x | Round: 4 | Opponent: x | Judge: x | 3/10/22 |
NOVDEC-CourtsTournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Coppell ER | Judge: Jugal Amodwala AC CourtsThe right to strike is Customary International Law, but the US fails to meet opinio juris standards. Perception of US insufficiency breeds uncertainty with confidence in international law and spirals into noncompliance – that causes a legitimacy crisis. No alt causes to legitimacy – FOA is central to the ILO and the biggest internal link.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND accept international standards and practices; and contemporary U.N. leadership. That prevents harmonization of norms and throws the functioning of international institutions into question – prefer empirics.Seifert 21 ~Achim; 2021; Full Professor of Private Law, German and European Labor Law and Comparative Law at the University of Jena (since 2011). He holds both German State Exams in Law and a PhD of the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University of Frankfurt (1998). After his Habilitation ~Post-Doc~ in 2006 at the University of Frankfurt and several short-term Replacements at the Universities of Frankfurt and Trier (2006-2008), he became an Associate Professor of European and International Labor Law at the University of Luxembourg (2008). His main fields of interest are the Labor Law of the European Union and Comparative Labor Law, including the methodology of Comparative Law. Achim SEIFERT serves as co-editor of the Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal (CLLPJ) and is a member of the editorial board of the European Labour Law Journal (ELLJ) as well as of the Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale (RDCTSS). He is an associated member of the International Academy of Comparative Law (since 2013) and fellow of the European Law Institute (ELI) (since 2014); furthermore he has been member of the Jean-Monnet-Centre of Excellence at the University of Jena (2013-2016). He has been visiting Professor at the Universities of Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris 1 (Panthéon-Sorbonne), Luigi Bocconi/Milan and Leuven (Global Law Programme) and has taught as adjunct professor at the University of Luxembourg between 2011 and 2016; "Book Review," European Labour Law Journal, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1177/2031952521994412~~ Justin AND of the constituents therefore necessarily brings into question the functioning of the ILO. Harmonizing international labor standards are key to Sustainable Development Goals – compliance is key.ILO 15 ~International Labor Organization; The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice through setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and oldest specialised agency of the UN; "The benefits of International Labour Standards," No date stated but most recent event cited is 2015, https://www.ilo.org/global/standards/introduction-to-international-labour-standards/the-benefits-of-international-labour-standards/lang—en/index.htm~ Justin AND of international law which can bring about greater integration of the international community. That’s key to head off a laundry list of interacting catastrophic risks, the combination of which causes extinction and amplifies every other threat.Tom Cernev and Richard Fenner 20, Australian National University; Centre for Sustainable Development, Cambridge University Engineering Department, "The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable Development Goals in reducing global risk," Futures, Vol. 115, January 2020, Elsevier. Recut Justin AND climate change provides the backdrop against which all these interactions will play out. PlanPlan text: The United States of America ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. Courts are normal means and can enforce the right to strike as Customary International Law.Brudney 21 ~James; 2/8/21; Joseph Crowley Chair in Labor and Employment Law, Fordham Law School; "The Right to Strike as Customary International Law," THE YALE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Vol 46, https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1710andcontext=yjil~~ Justin Brackets in original AND specified that the right to strike is an integral part of FOA.270 FWThe standard is maximizing life. Prefer it:Actor spec: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez –Johnson and Thayer 16 – Dominic D. P. Johnson, D.Phil., Ph.D.* and Bradley A. Thayer, Ph.D., "The evolution of offensive realism Survival under anarchy from the Pleistocene to the present," https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/56B778004187F70B8E59609BE7FEE7A4/S073093841600006Xa.pdf/div-class-title-the-evolution-of-offensive-realism-div.pdf AND in which human brains and behaviors evolved. But what was that context? Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. ====Extinction first ==== AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) UV1~ 1AR theory is legita. anything else means infinite abuse –2~ drop the debater, competing interps, and the highest layera. AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off3~no RVIsa. 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time.4~ Permissibility and presumption affirm.A~ Freeze- otherwise we would not be able to justify morally neutral actions since there isn’t a prohibition and we would have to prove an obligation.B~ Trivialism- statements are true until proven false, if I told you my name you’d believe me.~5~ Policy education is key to advocacy – that outweighs on portable skills. The educational skills generated from role playing is key to solving impacts in the real world – policy views problems from diverse perspectives, so we can better tackle problems of oppression and create tangible solutions.Nixon 2K Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project. "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing." Colorlines 3.2, 2000. AND should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. ~6~ Pluralism is good.Bleiker 14 – (6/17, Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, "International Theory Between Reification and Self-Reflective Critique," International Studies Review, Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 325–327) AND range from poststructual deconstruction to the tools pioneered and championed by positivist social sciences | 12/4/21 |
NOVDEC-KoorsgaardTournament: The Longhorn Classic | Round: 5 | Opponent: Memorial BD | Judge: Truman Le | 12/4/21 |
NSD-KoorsgaardTournament: 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 5 | Opponent: Andy Xu | Judge: Isabella Nadel 1AC-KoorsgaardEthics must begin a priori:~A~ Empirical uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know others’ experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask for why we should be reasoners concedes its authority since it uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.Next, the relevant feature of reason is universality – any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end and demand the value of my end be recognized by others which also means universalizability acts as a side constraint on all other frameworks. It’s impossible to will a violation of freedom since deciding to do would will incompatible ends since it logically entails willing a violation of your own freedomThus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative. Prefer:~A~ Practical identities – we find our lives worth living under practical identities such as student but that presupposes agency.Korsgaard 92 CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard 92 ~I am a Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have taught since 1991. From July 1996 through June 2002, I was Chair of the Department of Philosophy. (The current chair is Sean Kelly.) From 2004-2012, I was Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy. (The current DGS is Mark Richard.) Before coming here, I held positions at Yale, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Chicago, as well as visiting positions at Berkeley and UCLA. I served as President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in 2008-2009, and held a Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award from 2006-2009. I work on moral philosophy and its history, practical reason, the nature of agency, personal identity, normativity, and the ethical relations between human beings and the other animals~, "The Sources of Normativity", THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES Delivered at Clare Hall, Cambridge University 16-17 Nov 1992, BE AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. That hijacks roles of the ballots since the judge is one such practical identity.~B~ Ethical frameworks must be theoretically legitimate. All frameworks are functionally topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified: prefer on resource disparities—a focus on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep which excludes lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debate under my framework can easily be won without any prep since only analytical arguments are required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~C~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, it is logically incoherent to justify a standard without first willing that we can pursue ends free from others.~D~ Even if ideal-theory is bad, the alternatives are far worse because they don’t rely on fixed principles and devolve into relativism at a particular space and time—you can’t measure something with a ruler constantly changing length, which means we need a standard to hold people to.Consequences fail: ~A~ They only judge actions after they occur, which fails action guidance ~B~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence. Probability doesn’t solve because 1) Probability is improvable, as it relies on inductive knowledge, but induction from past events can’t lead to deduction of future events ~C~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify action because we intend the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral or not. ~D~ If you’re held responsible for things other than an intention ethics aren’t binding because there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral as you are permitting just action. ~E~ There’s no objective arbiter to evaluate consequences ~F~ You can’t aggregate consequences, happiness and sadness are immutable – ten headaches don’t make a migraine AdvocacyI affirm: A just government ought to recognize the unconditional right to strike CPS and Pics affirm because they don’t disprove my general thesis. Ill defend neg preferences on specification as long as it doesn’t change the principle of my aff-check spec in CX.A just government is The word just can be defined as "acting or being in conformity with what is morally upright or good"(Just). By this definition, a just government is a government that acts for the good of the people and is morally upright.(cram) Meaning that by proving the plan is morally good we are defending a just government.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. OffenseWorkers view their jobs as a means to an end of acquiring wealth. The unconditional right to strike ensures that companies can not coerce workers into lower wages.Dubin 56 Dubin, Robert. "Industrial Workers' Worlds: A Study of the ‘Central Life Interests’ of Industrial Workers." Social Problems, vol. 3, no. 3, Jan. 1956, pp. 131–142., org/stable/799133 . AND of this finding will be examined in the last section of this paper. Strikes prevent workers from being used as a meansLofaso 17 Anne Marie Lofaso, Workers’ Rights as Natural Human Rights, 71 U. Miami L. Rev. 565 (2017) Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol71/iss3/3 ~Anne Marie Lofaso is Associate Dean for Faculty Research and Development and a professor at the West Virginia University College of Law. In 2010, she was named WVU College of Law Professor of the Year.~ AND humanity of each person and the effect of our actions on others’ humanity. Put away your turns: strikes are an omission of actionBenjamin 78 Walter Benjamin, On Violence, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings ~Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist~ AND strike was not "so intended," and take emerÂgency measures. UV~1~ Only univeralizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. ~2~ Permissibility and presumption affirm. ~a~ Negating an obligation requires proving a prohibition – means negating prohibits the aff action. ~b~ Time skew—the negative gets 7 minutes to respond to the 1AC and 6 to respond to the 1AR – this is structural skew, means it outweighs because it controls access to the ballot~3~ Aff gets 1AR theory and RVIs – otherwise the neg can be infinitely abusive and there’s no way to check against this – meta theory also precedes the evaluation of initial theory shells because it determines whether or not I could engage in theory in the first place. 1AR theory is drop the debater, competing interps, and the highest layer of the round – the 1ARs too short to be able to rectify abuse and adequately cover substance – you must be punished and no 2NR paradigm issues, theory, or RVIs because a) It becomes impossible to check NC abuse if you can dump on reasons the shell doesn't matter in the 2n. There will always be multiple conflicting interpretations of the resolution but the aff has to start somewhere, which means you should accept mine, and b) they have 6 minutes to go for them whereas I only have a 3 minute 2AR to respond so I get crushed on time skew. Reject theory on spikes since it would be a contradiction since they indict each other but prefer mine since they are lexically prior.~4~ Fairness comes before the K: ~A~ Probability-theory norms are set all the time since arguments go in and out of the meta but nobody ever stops oppression with one position ~B~ The judge has to indicate who won the round, fairness best coheres with this since if one debater had ten minutes to speak and the other had three there would be incongruence that alters ability to judge the truth value of the K so cross-applications don’t work. ~C~ Jurisdiction – every argument you make concedes the authority of fairness: i.e. that the judge will evaluate your arguments. Absent some judge-debater reciprocal relationship, they could just hack against or for you. ~D~ Prior question. My theory argument calls into question the ability to run the argument in the first place. They can’t say the same even if they criticize theory because theory makes rules of the game not just normative statements about what debaters should say ~E~ Fair testing. Judge their arguments knowing I wasn’t given a fair shot to answer them. Prefer theory takes out K because they could answer my arguments but I couldn’t answer theirs. Without testing their args, we don’t know if they’re valid, so you prefer fairness impacts on strength of link. Impact turns any critical education since a marketplace of ideas where we innovate and test ideas presumes equal access. ~F~ Fair version of K solves. My interp allows their position but not vice versa. That means I solve 99 of their impacts, but they solve none of mine. ~G~ Debaters quit – turns their dialogue args and maintains squo oppression of the dominant voices in debate – prereq~6~ Strikes have been a form of indigenous resistance and opportunity-Austrailia proves.Cohen 13 Cohen, Dylan. "Australian Aboriginal Workers Strike for Fair Wages and Equality, 1946-1949." Australian Aboriginal Workers Strike for Fair Wages and Equality, 1946-1949 | Global Nonviolent Action Database, 18 Oct. 2013, nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/australian-aboriginal-workers-strike-fair-wages-and-equality-1946-1949. AND whites in the 1966 Gurindji strike in Wave Hill in the Northern Territory. | 7/9/21 |
NSD-StockTournament: 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Luke Del Fierro | Judge: Rebecca Anderson Advantage: Climate ChangeStrikes get stuff done and help solve rising inequality, but recent pushback from major corporations means that we are losing ground. Only ensuring unconditional right to strike will solveShierholz 20 Heidi Shierholz Posted January, 1-27-2020, "Weakened labor movement leads to rising economic inequality," Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/blog/weakened-labor-movement-leads-to-rising-economic-inequality//SJJK AND creating an economy that works for all, not just the privileged few. And Inequality is intimately linked with Biodiversity loss-robust statistical analysis provesMikkelson et. Al 17 Gregory M. Mikkelson , Andrew Gonzalez, Garry D. Peterson Economic Inequality, 5-17, "Economic Inequality Predicts Biodiversity Loss," No Publication, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000444//SJJK AND economic inequality and biodiversity loss (see Table 1 and Materials and methods). Biodiversity loss is a massive risk for extinction due to climate change.UN 19 United Nations Sustainable Development, 5-19, "UN Report: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'," https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report//SJJK AND have the means to ensure a sustainable future for people and the planet." Climate change causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Advantage DemocracyGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND policy, but it would ensure that we are having the right conversation. AdvocacyPlan text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. We defend enforcement through the Illinois and Ohio models– an unconditional right is key, Malin 93 :Martin H. Malin, ~Martin H. Malin is co-director of the Institute for Law and the Workplace and teaches Labor Law, Employment Discrimination, Public Sector Employees, ADR in the Workplace, and Contracts. He received his B.A. from Michigan State University's James Madison College and his J.D. from George Washington University, where he was an editor of the law review and elected to the Order of the Coif. He joined the Chicago-Kent faculty in 1980 after serving as law clerk to United States District Judge Robert E. DeMascio in Detroit and on the faculty of Ohio State University.~ 1993, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, "Public Employees' Right to Strike: Law and Experience" https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1702andcontext=mjlr LHP AV recut SJEP AND strain on the judiciary and maximizes incentives to settle at the bargaining table. FramingMorality- extemptThe standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer it:~1~ Experience is epistemic – it is how we empirically ground our existence. Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good.~2~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~3~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.~4~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) Underview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive and I can’t check back. It’s drop the debater since the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance. No RVI or 2NR paradigm issues since they’d dump on it for 6 minutes and my 3-minute 2AR is spread too thin. Competing interps since reasonability is arbitrary and bites judge intervention. | 7/8/21 |
NSD-Stock v2Tournament: 2021 NSD Camp Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Nathaniel John | Judge: Curtis Chang ~1~ Right to Strike defends liberty for workers to both set and pursue their own ends and resist coercion from others, Gourevitch ’18:Gourevitch, Alex. "A Radical Defense of the Right to Strike." Jacobin 2018. https://jacobinmag.com/2018/07/right-to-strike-freedom-civil-liberties-oppression AND for the right to strike is to prioritize democratic freedoms over property rights. ~2~ The right to strike is consistent with negative rights – otherwise it requires direct government intervention to break the negotiation process that is already skewed towards employers, Sheppard ’96-takes out the third point:Terry Sheppard, "Liberalism and the Charter: Freedom of Association and the Right to Strike" (1996) 5 Dal J Leg Stud 117. Yoaks AND of Canada's major political parties have a great track record on protecting unions. ~3~ Right to strike ensures a process of collective bargaining – absent a right to strike it would literally force workers to work against their will, violating freedom, Croucher ’11:Croucher, Richard, Mark Kely, and Lilian Miles. "A Rawlsian basis for core labor rights." Comp. Lab. L. and Pol'y J. 33 (2011): 297. Yoaks AND substantive right to bargain collectively is assured under the second principle of justice. ~4~ Absent a right to strike, employers use workers as a mere means to an end because they give workers little say in the process of negotiating employment conditions which treats them as passive tools for the use of profit, a right to strike ensures that workers give continual meaningful consent to the employment relationship without threat of coercion~5~ Strikes prevent workers from being used as a meansLofaso 17 Anne Marie Lofaso, Workers’ Rights as Natural Human Rights, 71 U. Miami L. Rev. 565 (2017) Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol71/iss3/3 ~Anne Marie Lofaso is Associate Dean for Faculty Research and Development and a professor at the West Virginia University College of Law. In 2010, she was named WVU College of Law Professor of the Year.~ AND humanity of each person and the effect of our actions on others’ humanity. ~6~ Put away your turns: strikes are an omission of actionBenjamin 78 Walter Benjamin, On Violence, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings ~Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist~ AND strike was not "so intended," and take emerÂgency measures. Advantage: Climate ChangeStrikes get stuff done and help solve rising inequality, but recent pushback from major corporations means that we are losing ground. Only ensuring unconditional right to strike will solveShierholz 20 Heidi Shierholz Posted January, 1-27-2020, "Weakened labor movement leads to rising economic inequality," Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/blog/weakened-labor-movement-leads-to-rising-economic-inequality//SJJK AND creating an economy that works for all, not just the privileged few. And Inequality is intimately linked with Biodiversity loss-robust statistical analysis provesMikkelson et. Al 17 Gregory M. Mikkelson , Andrew Gonzalez, Garry D. Peterson Economic Inequality, 5-17, "Economic Inequality Predicts Biodiversity Loss," No Publication, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000444//SJJK AND economic inequality and biodiversity loss (see Table 1 and Materials and methods). Biodiversity loss is a massive risk for extinction due to climate change.UN 19 United Nations Sustainable Development, 5-19, "UN Report: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'," https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report//SJJK AND have the means to ensure a sustainable future for people and the planet." Climate change causes extinctionSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Advantage DemocracyGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ SJVM AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The plan solves:1~ Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ Justin AND policy, but it would ensure that we are having the right conversation. AdvocacyPlan text: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike. CX checks theory interps to avoid frivolous debates – otherwise I get an I meet.Definition of unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ Justin AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. We defend enforcement through the Illinois and Ohio models– an unconditional right is key, Malin 93 :Martin H. Malin, ~Martin H. Malin is co-director of the Institute for Law and the Workplace and teaches Labor Law, Employment Discrimination, Public Sector Employees, ADR in the Workplace, and Contracts. He received his B.A. from Michigan State University's James Madison College and his J.D. from George Washington University, where he was an editor of the law review and elected to the Order of the Coif. He joined the Chicago-Kent faculty in 1980 after serving as law clerk to United States District Judge Robert E. DeMascio in Detroit and on the faculty of Ohio State University.~ 1993, University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, "Public Employees' Right to Strike: Law and Experience" https://repository.law.umich.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1702andcontext=mjlr LHP AV recut SJEP AND strain on the judiciary and maximizes incentives to settle at the bargaining table. FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer it:~1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation.~c~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~2~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.~3~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) ~4~ Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:~A~ Empirically denied—both individuals and policymakers carry out effective cost-benefit analysis which means even if decisions aren’t always perfect it’s still better than not acting at all. It allows us to say oppression is okay and not do anything about it. That is an independent voter, debate is impossible without people to participate when because people leave when you say oppression does not matter. Outweighs truth testing on sequencing – debate must be here first to truth testUnderview1~ Aff gets 1AR theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive and I can’t check back. It’s drop the debater since the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance. No RVI or 2NR paradigm issues since they’d dump on it for 6 minutes and my 3-minute 2AR is spread too thin. Competing interps since reasonability is arbitrary and bites judge intervention. | 7/16/21 |
SEPTOCT- Koorsgaard v2Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dwight-Englewood EK | Judge: Brett Cryan Ethics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.~C~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moral e~ Util justifies atrocities because it cannot intrinsically say if an action is good or bad so it would justify things like slavery if the pleasure outweighs pain-that’s an independent voter for accessibility because the justification of slavery makes the debate space violent and inaccessible~3~ performativity AdvocacyPlan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines during pandemics. CPs and Pics don’t negate as they don’t disprove my general thesis.Enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm’s Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin AND deter the technological investment to create life-saving solutions in the future. Offense1~ Property rights minimize the opportunity of innovation which limits individual freedom through creating monopolies. They also limit the use of tangible objects such as medicines for good purposes.Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. IPP unjustifiably restricts agents from setting and pursuing ends in healthcare because patents prevent people from taking part in scientific advancements in medicine – that violates freedom in multiple waysHale 18 (Zachary Hale, 4-4-2018, accessed on 8-22-2021, The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service, "Patently Unfair: The Tensions Between Human Rights and Intellectual Property Protection - The Arkansas Journal of Social Change and Public Service", https://ualr.edu/socialchange/2018/04/04/patently-unfair/) BHHS AK AND to the most fundamental of all human rights: the right to life. Underview2~ 1AR theory is legit otherwise the neg can be infinitely abusive and there would be no way to check back against that.Comes first because it indicts the neg’s positions and skews my time allocation on other flows like T.Competing interps – rzn is artbitrary and invites judge intervention and race to the top1AR theory is drop the debater – a 4 minute 1AR doesn’t have time to win both theory and substance – you must be punished.No RVI on 1AR theory-It would be impossible to check back against neg abuse because the 2NR could just spend 6 minutes railing on the theory debate and the aff couldn’t winTheoryInterpretation: The negative debater must concede the affirmative’s framework.The standard is strat skew –a) 1AC speaks in the dark but the neg adapts. The aff is one layer but neg precludes with deflationary frameworks, and prefiat arguments that are all NIBsb) Reactive rebuttal 13:7 skew makes it impossible to beat new layers that preclude the aff, and neg speeches are on balance longer than the next aff speech which makes it impossible to recover- length determines value- can’t make new args in new speeches.c) Ground- philosophy is structured in a way that it is responsive in one direction i.e. Hegel is written in response to Kant, but not vice versa, smart negs will pick responsive fw’s without ground against themAFC solves- ensures 1AC offense stays relevant and prevents neg prelcusionary strategies for in depth intralayer layer weighingCI and DTD on 1AC theory – otherwise the 1nc can sandbag which wrecks deterrence AdvantageOnly the plan can solve covid access – inequalities heighten the risk of mutations and uneven development – neg objections miss the boat.Kumar 21 ~Rajeesh; Associate Fellow at the Institute, currently working on a project titled "Emerging Powers and the Future of Global Governance: India and International Institutions." He has PhD in International Organization from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Prior to joining MP-IDSA in 2016, he taught at JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi (2010-11and 2015-16) and University of Calicut, Kerala (2007-08). His areas of research interest are International Organizations, India and Multilateralism, Global Governance, and International Humanitarian Law. He is the co-editor of two books;Eurozone Crisis and the Future of Europe: Political Economy of Further Integration and Governance (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014); and Islam, Islamist Movements and Democracy in the Middle East: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses (Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2013); "WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Vaccine Equity," IDSA Issue Briefs; https://idsa.in/issuebrief/wto-trips-waiver-covid-vaccine-rkumar-120721~~ Justin AND , from trade-offs to pressurising, to make the waiver happen. Yes scale-up for covid.Erfani et al 21 ~Parsa; Lawrence Gostin; Vanessa Kerry; Parsa Erfani is a Fogarty Global Health Scholar at Harvard Medical School and the University of Global Health Equity. Lawrence Gostin is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, director of the school’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, and director of the World Health Organization Center on National and Global Health Law. Vanessa Kerry is a critical care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, director of the Program for Global Public Policy at Harvard Medical School, and CEO of Seed Global Health, a nonprofit that trains health workers in countries with critical shortages; "Beyond a symbolic gesture: What’s needed to turn the IP waiver into Covid-19 vaccines," STAT; 5/19/21; https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/19/beyond-a-symbolic-gesture-whats-needed-to-turn-the-ip-waiver-into-covid-19-vaccines/~~ Justin AND to acquire the IP necessary for mRNA technologies— which is currently missing. Independently strategic patenting harms innovation incentives during pandemics – encourages reproduction of generics and decrease breakthroughs.Gurgula 20 ~Olga; Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law at Brunel Law School, Brunel University London. She is also a Visiting Fellow at the Oxford Martin Programme on Affordable Medicines, University of Oxford; "Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies – Should Competition Law Intervene?" Springer Link; 10/28/20; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-020-00985-0~~#Sec4~~ Justin AND at blocking follow-on innovation by competitors should raise competition law concerns. Corona escalates security threats that cause extinction – cooperation thesis is wrong.Recna 21 ~Research Center for Nuclear Weapon Abolition; Nagasaki, Japan; "Pandemic Futures and Nuclear Weapon Risks: The Nagasaki 75th Anniversary pandemic-nuclear nexus scenarios final report," Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament; 5/28/21; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1890867~~ Justin AND by nuclear threat, with cascading effects on the risk of nuclear war. | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT-KoorsgaardTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Silver Creek KZ | Judge: Holden Bukowsky 1AC – FramingEthics must begin a priori~A~ Empirical Uncertainty – evil demon could deceive us and inability to know others experience make empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don’t experience the same.~B~ Constitutive Authority – The meta-ethic is bindingness. Practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why I should be a reasoner concedes it’s authority since you’re actively reasoning.~C~ Naturalistic fallacy – experience only tells us what is since we can only perceive what is, not what ought to be. But it’s impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises, so there needs to be additional a priori premises to make a moral theory.That justifies universality – a~ a priori principles like reason apply to everyone since they are independent of human experience and b~ any non-universalizable norm justifies someone’s ability to impede on your ends i.e. if I want to eat ice cream, I must recognize that others may affect my pursuit of that end.Additionally:~A~ Ethical frameworks are topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must be theoretically justified. Prefer on resource disparities—focusing on evidence and statistics privileges debaters with the most preround prep excluding lone-wolfs who lack huge evidence files. A debater under my framework can easily be won without any prep since minimal evidence is required. That controls the internal link to other voters because a pre-req to debating is access to the activity.~B~ Only universalizable reason can effectively explain the perspectives of agents – that’s the best method for combatting oppression.Farr 02 Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). "Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?" JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32. AND choosing my maxims I attempt to include the perspective of other moral agents. ~C~ Practical identities – we find our lives worth living under practical identities such as student but that presupposes agency.Korsgaard 92 CHRISTINE M. Korsgaard 92 ~I am a Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University, where I have taught since 1991. From July 1996 through June 2002, I was Chair of the Department of Philosophy. (The current chair is Sean Kelly.) From 2004-2012, I was Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy. (The current DGS is Mark Richard.) Before coming here, I held positions at Yale, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Chicago, as well as visiting positions at Berkeley and UCLA. I served as President of the Eastern Division of the American Philosophical Association in 2008-2009, and held a Mellon Distinguished Achievement Award from 2006-2009. I work on moral philosophy and its history, practical reason, the nature of agency, personal identity, normativity, and the ethical relations between human beings and the other animals~, "The Sources of Normativity", THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES Delivered at Clare Hall, Cambridge University 16-17 Nov 1992, BE AND identity, your nature; your obligations spring from what that identity forbids. Thus, the standard is consistency with the categorical imperative.~1~ Presumption and Permissibility affirm: a~ Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you’d believe me. b~ If anything is permissible, then so is the aff since there is nothing prohibiting us.~2~ Consequences Fail: a~ Every action has infinite stemming consequences, because every consequence can cause another consequence so we can’t predict. b~ Induction is circular because it relies on the assumption that nature will hold uniform and we could only reach that conclusion through inductive reasoning based on observation of past events. c~ Every action is infinitely divisible, only intents unify because we commit the end point of an action – but consequences cannot determine what step of action is moral d~ Yes act/omission distinction – there are infinite events occurring over which you have no control, so you can never be moralAdvocacyThus, the plan – Resolved: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines. CP and PICs affirm because they do not disprove my general thesis. Offense1~ Property rights can’t be universalizable when they forgo the opportunity for an individual to access their own freedom. Medical patents restrict an individual to pursue freedom from death by foreclosing treatment.Merges 11 Merges, Robert P. Justifying Intellectual Property. Harvard University Press, 2011. SJEP AND given Kant’s text and the problem of pharmaceutical patents as I understand it. 3~ Property rights minimize the opportunity of innovation which limits individual freedom through creating monopolies. They also limit the use of tangible objects such as medicines for good purposes.Cernea and Uszkai 12 Cernea, Mihail-Valentin, and Radu Uszkai. The Clash between Global Justice and Pharmaceutical Patents: A Critical Analysis. 2012, the-clash-between-global-justice-and-drug-patents-a-critical-analysis.pdf. SJEP AND use of tangible objects which we acquired fully in line with market rules. Underview2~ 1AR theory is legit otherwise the neg can be infinitely abusive and there would be no way to check back against that.Comes first because it indicts the neg’s positions and skews my time allocation on other flows like T.Competing interps – rzn is artbitrary and invites judge intervention and race to the top1AR theory is drop the debater – a 4 minute 1AR doesn’t have time to win both theory and substance – you must be punished.No RVI on 1AR theory-It would be impossible to check back against neg abuse because the 2NR could just spend 6 minutes railing on the theory debate and the aff couldn’t winTheoryInterpretation: The negative debater must concede the affirmative’s framework.The standard is strat skew –a) 1AC speaks in the dark but the neg adapts. The aff is one layer but neg precludes with deflationary frameworks, and prefiat arguments that are all NIBsb) Reactive rebuttal 13:7 skew makes it impossible to beat new layers that preclude the aff, and neg speeches are on balance longer than the next aff speech which makes it impossible to recover- length determines value- can’t make new args in new speeches.c) Ground- philosophy is structured in a way that it is responsive in one direction i.e. Hegel is written in response to Kant, but not vice versa, smart negs will pick responsive fw’s without ground against themAFC solves- ensures 1AC offense stays relevant and prevents neg prelcusionary strategies for in depth intralayer layer weighingCI and DTD on 1AC theory – otherwise the 1nc can sandbag which wrecks deterrence AdvantageOnly the plan can solve covid access – inequalities heighten the risk of mutations and uneven development – neg objections miss the boat.Kumar 21 ~Rajeesh; Associate Fellow at the Institute, currently working on a project titled "Emerging Powers and the Future of Global Governance: India and International Institutions." He has PhD in International Organization from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Prior to joining MP-IDSA in 2016, he taught at JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi (2010-11and 2015-16) and University of Calicut, Kerala (2007-08). His areas of research interest are International Organizations, India and Multilateralism, Global Governance, and International Humanitarian Law. He is the co-editor of two books;Eurozone Crisis and the Future of Europe: Political Economy of Further Integration and Governance (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014); and Islam, Islamist Movements and Democracy in the Middle East: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses (Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2013); "WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Vaccine Equity," IDSA Issue Briefs; https://idsa.in/issuebrief/wto-trips-waiver-covid-vaccine-rkumar-120721~~ Justin AND , from trade-offs to pressurising, to make the waiver happen. Yes scale-up for covid.Erfani et al 21 ~Parsa; Lawrence Gostin; Vanessa Kerry; Parsa Erfani is a Fogarty Global Health Scholar at Harvard Medical School and the University of Global Health Equity. Lawrence Gostin is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, director of the school’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, and director of the World Health Organization Center on National and Global Health Law. Vanessa Kerry is a critical care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, director of the Program for Global Public Policy at Harvard Medical School, and CEO of Seed Global Health, a nonprofit that trains health workers in countries with critical shortages; "Beyond a symbolic gesture: What’s needed to turn the IP waiver into Covid-19 vaccines," STAT; 5/19/21; https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/19/beyond-a-symbolic-gesture-whats-needed-to-turn-the-ip-waiver-into-covid-19-vaccines/~~ Justin AND to acquire the IP necessary for mRNA technologies— which is currently missing. Independently strategic patenting harms innovation incentives during pandemics – encourages reproduction of generics and decrease breakthroughs.Gurgula 20 ~Olga; Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law at Brunel Law School, Brunel University London. She is also a Visiting Fellow at the Oxford Martin Programme on Affordable Medicines, University of Oxford; "Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies – Should Competition Law Intervene?" Springer Link; 10/28/20; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-020-00985-0~~#Sec4~~ Justin AND at blocking follow-on innovation by competitors should raise competition law concerns. Corona escalates security threats that cause extinction – cooperation thesis is wrong.Recna 21 ~Research Center for Nuclear Weapon Abolition; Nagasaki, Japan; "Pandemic Futures and Nuclear Weapon Risks: The Nagasaki 75th Anniversary pandemic-nuclear nexus scenarios final report," Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament; 5/28/21; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1890867~~ Justin AND by nuclear threat, with cascading effects on the risk of nuclear war. | 9/4/21 |
SEPTOCT-Koorsgaard v3Tournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: Triples | Opponent: Memorial SC | Judge: Connor Self, Brett Cryan, and Chaitra Pirisingula | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT-StockTournament: Loyola Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Troy Independent AP | Judge: Brett Cryan Their catch-all use of neolib is absurd—neolib can’t be a coherent hegemonic project. Aff specificity outweighs.Barnett, Open University social sciences faculty, 2005 (Clive, "The consolations of ‘neoliberalism", Geoforum, ebsco) AND the polyvalent discourse of ‘‘democracy’’ (see Barnett and Low, 2004). Rejection of capitalism causes massive transition warsHarris ‘03 ~Lee, Analyst – Hoover Institution and Author of The Suicide of Reason, "The Intellectual Origins of America-Bashing", Policy Review, January, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3458371.html~~ AND the social order and all socialist schemes would be reduced to pipe dreams. Adv-CovidOnly the plan can solve covid access – inequalities heighten the risk of mutations and uneven development – neg objections miss the boat.Kumar 21 ~Rajeesh; Associate Fellow at the Institute, currently working on a project titled "Emerging Powers and the Future of Global Governance: India and International Institutions." He has PhD in International Organization from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Prior to joining MP-IDSA in 2016, he taught at JamiaMilliaIslamia, New Delhi (2010-11and 2015-16) and University of Calicut, Kerala (2007-08). His areas of research interest are International Organizations, India and Multilateralism, Global Governance, and International Humanitarian Law. He is the co-editor of two books;Eurozone Crisis and the Future of Europe: Political Economy of Further Integration and Governance (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014); and Islam, Islamist Movements and Democracy in the Middle East: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses (Delhi: Global Vision Publishing, 2013); "WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Vaccine Equity," IDSA Issue Briefs; https://idsa.in/issuebrief/wto-trips-waiver-covid-vaccine-rkumar-120721~~ Justin AND , from trade-offs to pressurising, to make the waiver happen. Yes scale-up for covid.Erfani et al 21 ~Parsa; Lawrence Gostin; Vanessa Kerry; Parsa Erfani is a Fogarty Global Health Scholar at Harvard Medical School and the University of Global Health Equity. Lawrence Gostin is a professor at Georgetown University Law Center, director of the school’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, and director of the World Health Organization Center on National and Global Health Law. Vanessa Kerry is a critical care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital, director of the Program for Global Public Policy at Harvard Medical School, and CEO of Seed Global Health, a nonprofit that trains health workers in countries with critical shortages; "Beyond a symbolic gesture: What’s needed to turn the IP waiver into Covid-19 vaccines," STAT; 5/19/21; https://www.statnews.com/2021/05/19/beyond-a-symbolic-gesture-whats-needed-to-turn-the-ip-waiver-into-covid-19-vaccines/~~ Justin AND to acquire the IP necessary for mRNA technologies— which is currently missing. Independently strategic patenting harms innovation incentives during pandemics – encourages reproduction of generics and decrease breakthroughs.Gurgula 20 ~Olga; Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law at Brunel Law School, Brunel University London. She is also a Visiting Fellow at the Oxford Martin Programme on Affordable Medicines, University of Oxford; "Strategic Patenting by Pharmaceutical Companies – Should Competition Law Intervene?" Springer Link; 10/28/20; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-020-00985-0~~#Sec4~~ Justin AND at blocking follow-on innovation by competitors should raise competition law concerns. Corona escalates security threats that cause extinction – cooperation thesis is wrong.Recna 21 ~Research Center for Nuclear Weapon Abolition; Nagasaki, Japan; "Pandemic Futures and Nuclear Weapon Risks: The Nagasaki 75th Anniversary pandemic-nuclear nexus scenarios final report," Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament; 5/28/21; https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1890867~~ Justin AND by nuclear threat, with cascading effects on the risk of nuclear war. ADV 2-WTO legitimacyTRIPS waivers key to WTO legitimacy—also creates momentum for structural reformsMeyer 6-18 David Meyer, 6-18-2021, "The WTO’s survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn – Fortune," Fortune, https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/amp/ , accessed 7/18/2021 EH and Brett AND to address what are still daunting structural problems." Those problems are legion. HIV/AIDS prove legitimacy damage from patent controversy—-every bit of delay saps credibility—-now is keyBacchus 20 James Bacchus ~member of the Herbert A. Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies, the Distinguished University Professor of Global Affairs and director of the Center for Global Economic and Environmental Opportunity at the University of Central Florida. He was a founding judge and was twice the chairman—the chief judge—of the highest court of world trade, the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. ~, 12-16-2020, "An Unnecessary Proposal: A WTO Waiver of Intellectual Property Rights for COVID-19 Vaccines," Cato Institute, https://www.cato.org/free-trade-bulletin/unnecessary-proposal-wto-waiver-intellectual-property-rights-covid-19-vaccines accessed 7/20/2021 EH AND over providing affordable medicines for people afflicted by a lethal disease. Perception alone solves – regardless of success, issuing the waiver is a sign of goodwill that shores up legitimacyWinslett 5-27, Gary Winslett is an associate fellow for finance and trade at the R Street Institute. He is also an assistant professor of political science at Middlebury College. May 27, 2021. National Interest, "The Political Significance of the TRIPS Waiver" https://nationalinterest.org/feature/political-significance-trips-waiver-186246 brett AND than a threat versus only 44 percent of Republicans who say the same. WTO legitimacy is key to resolve trade warsJames McBride and Andrew Chatzky 20, James McBride helps lead a team of writers and editors in producing CFR’s coverage of global affairs, and also writes on economics, energy policy, and European politics. He received a bachelor’s degree from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, and a master’s degree from Georgetown University’s Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. CFR, Jan 6, 2020. "How Are Trade Disputes Resolved?" https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-are-trade-disputes-resolved brett AND "to turn every future trade dispute into its own mini trade war." Trade wars go nuclearHillman 18 Jonathan E. Hillman 18 ~a fellow with the Simon Chair in Political Economy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C., and a former policy adviser to the U.S. trade representative.~ 3-20-2018, "Trade Wars and Real Wars," CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies), https://www.csis.org/analysis/trade-wars-and-real-wars, accessed 7/27/2021 EH AND Any honest reckoning of Trump’s trade policies must take these risks into account. 1AC – PlanPlan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines during pandemics.Enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up.Young and Potts-Szeliga 21 ~Roberta; Counsel in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Los Angeles; Jamaica Potts-Szeliga; Partner in Seyfarth’s Litigation department and Intellectual Property and Patent Litigation practice groups in Washington, DC. She also provides advice on FDA regulatory issues and is part of the firm’s Health Care, Life Sciences, and Pharmaceuticals team; "A Third Option: Limited IP Waiver Could Solve Our Pandemic Vaccine Problems," IP Watch Dog; 7/21/21; https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/07/21/third-option-limited-ip-waiver-solve-pandemic-vaccine-problems/id=135732/~~ Justin AND deter the technological investment to create life-saving solutions in the future. 1AC – FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied.2~ Death is bad and outweighs – a~ agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security which constrains every ethical theory, b~ it destroys the subject itself – kills any ability to achieve value in ethics since life is a prerequisite which means it’s a side constraint since we can’t reach the end goal of ethics without life3~ Pleasure and pain are the starting point for moral reasoning—they’re our most baseline desires and the only things that explain the intrinsic value of objects or actionsMoen 16, Ole Martin (PhD, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo). "An Argument for Hedonism." Journal of Value Inquiry 50.2 (2016): 267. AND notion of legal standing will outstrip the power relations that ground Pettit’s theory. 4~ Extinction outweighsMacAskill 14 ~William, Oxford Philosopher and youngest tenured philosopher in the world, Normative Uncertainty, 2014~ AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview~1~ Aff gets 1AR theory since the neg can be infinitely abusive and I can’t check back. It’s drop the debater since the 1ar is too short to win both theory and substance. No RVI or 2NR paradigm issues since they’d dump on it for 6 minutes and my 3-minute 2AR is spread too thin. Competing interps since reasonability is arbitrary and bites judge intervention.====The role of the ballot is to endorse the best policy position:==== ~4~ The world operates through offensive realism-Evolution proves our theory trueJohnson and Thayer 16 – Dominic D. P. Johnson, D.Phil., Ph.D.* and Bradley A. Thayer, Ph.D., "The evolution of offensive realism Survival under anarchy from the Pleistocene to the present," https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/56B778004187F70B8E59609BE7FEE7A4/S073093841600006Xa.pdf/div-class-title-the-evolution-of-offensive-realism-div.pdf AND and empirical challenges to scholars in the social sciences in general and international relations | 9/6/21 |
SEPTOCT-Stock v2Tournament: Mid America Cup | Round: Triples | Opponent: Princeton JG | Judge: Panel Their focus on the body as a site for politics limits the emancipatory potential for disability studies—-it only demonizes that which it seeks to avoid, inevitably recreating exclusionAnna Mollow 4, PhD candidate in English at the University of California, Berkeley. IDENTITY POLITICS ANDDISABILITY STUDIES:A CRITIQUE OF RECENT THEORY quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=mqr;c=mqr;c=mqrarchive;idno=act2080.0043.218;rgn=main;view=text;xc=1;g=mqrg AND to Identity"—repeats the call for such a transition in understanding disability. Abstract critique keeps us from forefronting political reform to create material change for disability. AND into the political fold, unproductive antagonism becomes constructive, and compromises emerge. Framing for the Links – they cannot leverage the entirety of the Disability Drive against the Aff – only the marginal link differential between the Aff and Squo AT Futurism – L/T – Pandemics uniquely hurt people w/ disabilities disproportionately – opening up the Economy absent contact tracing is the sacrifice of the disabled body for productivity – flips their uniqueness AND North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Association of University Centers on Disabilities. People w/ underlying disabilities are also significantly more at risk which proves that re-opening absent the Aff in the Squo actively kills them disproportionately Future not sole province of the child AND can be subtracted and isolated from a larger social matrix" (94). No link: strong innovation incentives. AND has not already provided multibillion-dollar incentives to bring forward needed innovation. AC CovidOnly the plan can solve covid access – inequalities heighten the risk of mutations and uneven development. AND , from trade-offs to pressurising, to make the waiver happen. Yes scale-up for covid. AND to acquire the IP necessary for mRNA technologies— which is currently missing. Independently strategic patenting harms innovation incentives during pandemics – encourages reproduction of generics and decrease breakthroughs. AND at blocking follow-on innovation by competitors should raise competition law concerns. That escalates security threats – extinction. AND by nuclear threat, with cascading effects on the risk of nuclear war. 1AC – PlanPlan text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines during COVID-19 – to clarify we will defend reducing trademarks and patents for medicines during COVID-19. Enforcement through limited IP waivers solve – patent term extensions are normal means and solves innovation and scale-up. AND deter the technological investment to create life-saving solutions in the future. Framing The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. 1~ Actor spec—governments must use util because they don’t have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations—takes out calc indicts since they are empirically denied. 2~ Death outweighs— A~ Agents can’t act if they fear for their bodily security—my framework constrains every NC and K B~ It’s the worst form of evil: AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 4~ Extinction outweighs AND with the benefit of keeping one’s options open while one gains new information. Underview 1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse – drop the debater, competing interps – 1AR are too short to make up for the time trade-off- no RVIs on 1ar theory or 2n theory-the 2n can uplayer for 6 minutes and easily beat any theory 2ar-also key to check back against infinite abuse- 2~ Reasonability on 1NC theory with the brightline of link and impact turn ground – there are infinite bidirectional interps that I can never meet – the four minute 1AR doesn’t have enough time to line by line every argument, make offense, and go for substance. 3~ Use comparative worlds – A~ topic ed – forces the neg to research the topic instead of low quality rez flaw args – the only benefit to debate is making us better arguers not perfect logicians, B~ reciprocity – truth-testing allows the neg to disprove any part of the aff, but the aff has to defend every part, which gives the neg too much ground, C~ inclusion – truth testing says rez is only thing that’s relevant which excludes ks – either only the rez matters so we can’t punish slurs, or people should get dropped for making debate unsafe which proves other things matter D~ Text Resolved requires policy action AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1)
4~ Interpretation: the debater on the other side of the flip must disclose what the aff would be while the debater doing the flip decides their position. a. Pre round prep- we don’t get pre-round prep if you don’t disclose the aff supercharged by the fact that there are multiple affs on your wiki b. turns critical ed- not disclosing critical theory means we can’t engage in a robust discussion of critical theory killing critical education DTD, CI, No rvis on 1ac theory the neg would get to uplayer for 7 minutes making the 1ar impossible to win the shell 5~ COVID materially harms those with disabilities. AND can provide support in case the individual or their support person becomes ill. 6~ Procedural fairness is a voter and outweighs a~ it’s an intrinsic good – debate is a game and equity is necessary to sustain the activity, b~ probability – debate can’t alter subjectivity, but it can rectify skews, c~ internal link turns every impact – a limited debate promotes research and engagement d~ All your arguments concede fairness since you assume they will be esvaluated fairly. 7~ Psychoanalysis is infinitely regressive, not falsifiable, and too abstract AND Home Alone is pressed into service as a story about `racial' invasion. 8~ The world is getting better for folks with disabilities, the ADA and other innovations prove that institutional progress is possible and futurism is good. AND -shaking change, but it’s those minor encounters that make us aware." 9~ Disease securitization is uniquely good to mobilize action. AND $60 billion a year in losses from future pandemics could be avoided. 10~ Apocalyptic images challenge dominant power structures to create futures of social justice AND of the world. Just wait long enough. Stranger things will happen.¶ | 9/27/21 |
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