| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 4 | Solebury LM | Phoenix Pittman |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 6 | Mountain View EN | Carolyn Vicari |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 2 | Mercer Island KS | Jonah Gentleman |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Octas | Harrison AC | Kumail Zaidi, Saied Beckford, David Coates |
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| All | 1 | Any | Any |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | 2 | Olympia BO | Andrea Reier |
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| Lexington Winter Invitational | 3 | Acton-Boxborough TW | Nathan Frenkel |
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| Princeton Classic | 2 | Byram Hills EW | Abishek Stanley |
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| Princeton Classic | 4 | Ardrey Kell SG | Praphulla Suryawanshi |
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| Princeton Classic | 5 | Lake Highland Prep WH | Joshua StPeter |
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| Princeton Classic | Octas | Lexington JB | Joshua StPeter, Jalyn Wu, Zachary Siegel |
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| Ridge Debates | 1 | CR North KL | James Grey |
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| Ridge Debates | 3 | Randolph JP | Saied Beckford |
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| Ridge Debates | Quarters | Montville RP | Lucas Bailey, Ganapathi Subramanian, Catherine Zheng |
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| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 1 | Southlake Carroll EP | Sara Bizarro |
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| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 4 | Stuyvesant EL | Derek Ying |
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| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 5 | Southlake Carroll | Christopher Pascall |
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| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Octas | Stuyvesant MZ | Jack Quisenberry, Zach Siegel, Amy Nyberg |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | Montville RP | Alex Rivera |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Triples | Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Doubles | Strake Jesuit VM | Andrea Chow, Alex Rivera, Anand Rao |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 6 | Lexington AK | Allison Aldridge |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 3 | Scarsdale OL | David Herrera |
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| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Octas | Mission San Jose SR | David Herrera, Abby Morris, Ben Waldman |
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| random | 1 | random | random |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 4 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1AC Whole Res Ban |
| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 6 | Opponent: Mountain View EN | Judge: Carolyn Vicari 1AC Lay AC |
| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | 2 | Opponent: Mercer Island KS | Judge: Jonah Gentleman 1AC Whole Res Ban |
| 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Octas | Opponent: Harrison AC | Judge: Kumail Zaidi, Saied Beckford, David Coates 1AC Whole Res Ban |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | 2 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Andrea Reier 1AC Large Satellite Constellations |
| Lexington Winter Invitational | 3 | Opponent: Acton-Boxborough TW | Judge: Nathan Frenkel 1AC Large Satellite Constellations v1 |
| Princeton Classic | 2 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 1AC Teacher Unions v1 Underview v4 |
| Princeton Classic | 4 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: Praphulla Suryawanshi 1AC Lay Util |
| Princeton Classic | 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep WH | Judge: Joshua StPeter 1AC Teacher Unions v1 Util v5 Underview v1 |
| Princeton Classic | Octas | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Joshua StPeter, Jalyn Wu, Zachary Siegel 1AC Teacher Unions v1 Underview v4 Util v8 |
| Ridge Debates | 1 | Opponent: CR North KL | Judge: James Grey 1AC Lay AC v2 |
| Ridge Debates | 3 | Opponent: Randolph JP | Judge: Saied Beckford 1AC Teacher Unions v3 |
| Ridge Debates | Quarters | Opponent: Montville RP | Judge: Lucas Bailey, Ganapathi Subramanian, Catherine Zheng 1AC Lay |
| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Sara Bizarro 1AC Lay Util Democracy Climate Change |
| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC Teacher Unions |
| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll | Judge: Christopher Pascall 1AC Whole Res |
| Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Octas | Opponent: Stuyvesant MZ | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Zach Siegel, Amy Nyberg 1AC Larp |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 2 | Opponent: Montville RP | Judge: Alex Rivera 1AC Evergreening |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Triples | Opponent: Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Judge: Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees 1AC Must have wiki Evergreening |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Doubles | Opponent: Strake Jesuit VM | Judge: Andrea Chow, Alex Rivera, Anand Rao 1AC Evergreening v1 |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 6 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Allison Aldridge 1AC Evergreening |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: David Herrera 1AC Evergreening |
| Yale University Invitational 2021 | Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: David Herrera, Abby Morris, Ben Waldman 1AC Evergreening |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any Please let me know if you want me to disclose any way! This is also terminal defense to any disclosure theory shells. Also, if there are any trigger warnings you'd like me to provide, please let me know! My top priority is to have a safe debate! If I read the same position twice, I won't redisclose absent card changes so the wiki doesn't get cluttered. | 7/6/21 |
000 - READ ME FOR UPENNTournament: random | Round: 1 | Opponent: random | Judge: random | 2/12/22 |
GENERAL - Comparative Worlds v1Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: David Herrera The role of the ballot and judge is to determine the desirability of a topical plan relative to the status quo or a competitive alternative. To clarify – that means vote aff if you think the plan is a good idea – three net benefits:a – Clash – abstraction rewards dogmatism and erases particular research around the res that cultivates epistemic humility and argumentative rigor – turns alt solvency because their opponents are better trained.b – Reductivism – "you link, you lose" warps debate into a purity test that occludes nuanced epistemologies AND prioritizes intellectual frugality over actionable strategies – plan-stasis bakes in analysis of legal engagement – it’s key to develop detailed mechanisms and cost-benefit comparison that enable movements broadly.c – Fairness – debate is a game – strategy overdetermines pedagogy because it’s the only incentive for the ballot – outweighs as it precludes the judges’ ability to adjudicate their truth claims, which concede the authority of fairness by asking to be evaluated fairly. | 10/1/21 |
GENERAL - Comparative Worlds v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Allison Aldridge a) inclusivity since spikes are super difficult to sift through especially for people with disabilities, inclusivity o/w since otherwise nobody debates and its also key to preventing idealogical dogmatism with more voices | 10/1/21 |
GENERAL - Lay Util v1Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Sara Bizarro I value morality due to the resolution’s use of ought, which Marriam Webster defines as a moral obligation. Also, the resolution asks what a just government ought to do.The value criterion is maximizing the greatest amount of good or pleasure, also known as utilitarianism. prefer this value criterion for the following reasons1~ The only facts that have stood the test of time are that pleasure is good and pain is bad, so err heavily on the side of intuition: our biological programming has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years to avoid pain, meaning that we should be concerned with avoiding it2~ Death is the worst impact under utilitarianism because it causes a lot of pain and denies the ability for us to gain future pleasure.That means extinction outweighs under util because it causes the most pain and prevents ability for future please5. All government policies entail tradeoffs, that means governments specifically must aggregate consequencesGoodin ’90 Robert Goodin , Fellow in Philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, the contemporary viability of utilitarian political philosophy, 1990, p. 141-2 ~PHS-CB~ AND , aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that. Even if they win their framework is more theoretically true, the only one that the government can use is mine as policy will always have trade offs between good and bad, and an unconditional right to strike clearly has more good impacts than bad | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Lay Util v2Tournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: Praphulla Suryawanshi FramingI affirm resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I value morality because the resolution asks us to consider what a government ought to do, making it a question of moral obligation.The value criterion is utilitarianism.Prefer utilitarianism:1~ The only facts that have stood the test of time are that pleasure is good and pain is bad, so err heavily on the side of intuition: our biological programming has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years to avoid pain, meaning that we should be concerned with avoiding it2~ Actor specificity – governments have to aggregate since collective actions necessarily benefit some people while hurting others either due to resource tradeoffs or scope of effect, deontic side constraints freeze action.Goodin ’90 Robert Goodin , Fellow in Philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, the contemporary viability of utilitarian political philosophy, 1990, p. 141-2 ~PHS-CB~ AND , aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that. Even if they win their framework is more theoretically true, the only one that the government can use is mine3~ Death is the worst possible impact under util because it causes a lot of pain and prevents ability for gaining future pleasure. As such, extinction is the most important impact because it also prevents future generations and causes irreversible damage, and it should outweigh under any framework. | 12/4/21 |
GENERAL - METHOD - PatersonTournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - Method1~ Death is ontologically and morally bad – it comes before and link turns other theorizations of subjectivityPaterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island. (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com) AND the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Theory - Must Have WikiTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Triples | Opponent: Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Judge: Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees Violation: they don’t have a wiki see screenshots Standards: | 9/19/21 |
GENERAL - Underview v1Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: David Herrera Theory Issues1~ 1AR theory – a) AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossible, b) drop the debater – the 1AR is too short for theory and substance so ballot implications are key to check abuse, c) no RVIs – they can stick me with 6min of answers to a short arg and make the 2AR impossible, d) competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more time.2~ Permissibility and presumption affirm:a) Probability: in a world where anything is permissible people don’t just do nothing they do whatever which means there’s a higher probability of the aff than the squo.b) Negating an obligation requires proving a prohibition – means permissibility affirms because negating is prohibiting the aff action.c) Otherwise people would have to justify neutral actions like drinking waterd) We believe things true before proving them false: i.e. you’d believe my name is Chris unless told otherwise | 10/1/21 |
GENERAL - Underview v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Triples | Opponent: Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Judge: Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees 2 PICs aren’t legit – they arbitrarily pick out of one tiny aspect of the aff, worsened by not having a solvency advocate which proves no topic lit – that wrecks the 1ar’s chances at education and also ruins fairness through inability to weigh. Reading it as a disad solves and is net better because it doesn’t incentivize silly affs that devolve into frivolous topicality debates. | 9/19/21 |
GENERAL - Underview v3Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: David Herrera, Abby Morris, Ben Waldman Theory Issues1~ 1AR theory – a) AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossible, b) drop the debater – the 1AR is too short for theory and substance so ballot implications are key to check abuse, c) no RVIs – they can stick me with 6min of answers to a short arg and make the 2AR impossible, d) competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more time. | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Underview v4Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying A~ AFF gets it because otherwise the neg can engage in infinite abuse, making debate impossibleB~ Drop the debater – the short 1AR irreparably skewed from abuse on substance and time investment on theoryC~ Competing interps – 1AR interps aren’t bidirectional and the neg should have to defend their norm since they have more timeD~ 1AR theory first – it’s a bigger percentage of the 1AR than neg theory is of the 1NC which means the abuse was probably worseand only the 2NR has time to win multiple layers, and meta theory determines whether I could engage with theory in the first place | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Util v1Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Montville RP | Judge: Alex Rivera FramingThe standard is maximizing expected well-being, or hedonistic act util. Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND If our selfish recklessness ends human history, we would be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) Method1~ Policy education is key to portable advocacyNixon 2K Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project. "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing." Colorlines 3.2, 2000. AND to our vision of how things should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. | 9/18/21 |
GENERAL - Util v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: David Herrera The standard is maximizing expected well-being, or hedonistic act util. Prefer it:1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 3~ Substitutability—only consequentialism explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ AND explain moral substitutability if it claims that properties like this provide moral reasons. | 10/1/21 |
GENERAL - Util v3Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Triples | Opponent: Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Judge: Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees AND places where we reach the end of the line in matters of value. 2 Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants: AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 4 Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose | 9/19/21 |
GENERAL - Util v4Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: David Herrera, Abby Morris, Ben Waldman 1 – Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. AND contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ No act-omission distinction—governments are responsible for everything in the public sphere so inaction is implicit authorization of action: they have to yes/no bills, which means everything collapse to aggregation.~c~ No intent-foresight distinction – the actions we take are inevitably informed by predictions from certain mental states, meaning consequences are a collective part of the will.~d~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.3~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 4~ Substitutability—only consequentialism explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ AND explain moral substitutability if it claims that properties like this provide moral reasons. | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Util v5Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC – FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being: to clarify, hedonistic act util1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Neuroscience- pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/~~ R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 3~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) ~ Ethical frameworks must be theoretically legitimate. All frameworks are functionally topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must theoretically justified. Prefer our standard – a~ Ground: Both debaters are guaranteed access to ground – Aff gets plans and advantages, while Neg gets disads and counterplans. Additionally, anything can function as an impact as long as an external benefit is articulated, so all your offense applies. b~ Weighing ground: consequences lets us weigh the probability a scenario, its risk, scope, severity, etc. and we can even weigh between these standards. We can still run side constraints but they are compared to other impacts while other frameworks prevent weighing by making them absolute.Ow on resolvability because if there is framing mechanism that we don’t know what offense matters. That’s an independent voter: because the judge literally cannot make a decision | 11/13/21 |
GENERAL - Util v6Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: Octas | Opponent: Stuyvesant MZ | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Zach Siegel, Amy Nyberg The meta-ethic is substantive moral naturalism.1~ Moral realism must start by being mind-independent – realism wouldn’t make sense if there were a plethora of moral truths contingent on the agent’s cognitively predisposed capacity because then moral truths wouldn’t exist outside of the ways we cohere them - truth exists absent language because the action of killing someone is still bad even if we can’t put it into words or communicate with each other2~ Strongly a priori knowledge is epistemically nonsensical because of the nature of moral disagreement – it’s required that ethicists indict the epistemological basis of one’s judgement before their claims are considered true.Thus, moral naturalism prima facie justifies hedonism as the only ethical theory that can guide action. Naturalism demands empirical facts that are explained and physically verified from science which only a theory of pain and pleasure can provide since there is a psychological grounding for why they are good and bad. Thus, the standard is consistency with hedonic act utilitarianism. Prefer additionally:1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Neuroscience- pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/~~ R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 3~ Extinction outweighs under any frameworkPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) Ethical frameworks must be theoretically legitimate. All frameworks are functionally topicality interpretations of the word ought so they must theoretically justified.Prefer our standard –b~ Weighing ground: consequences lets us weigh the probability a scenario, its risk, scope, severity, etc. and we can even weigh between these standards. We can still run side constraints but they are compared to other impacts while other frameworks prevent weighing by making them absolute – for example, with Hobbes you either follow the sovereign or you don’t, so if both debaters meet there’s no way to resolve issues. Ow on resolvability because if there is framing mechanism that we don’t know what offense matters. That’s an independent voter: because the judge literally cannot make a decisionc~ topic education – most of the lit is written for policymakers who use util, so discussing under our framework provides more net topic ed, whereas other fwks take lit to the margin and make args obscure | 12/3/21 |
GENERAL - Util v7Tournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Byram Hills EW | Judge: Abishek Stanley 1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Neuroscience- pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/~~ R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 3~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) ~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework. | 12/4/21 |
GENERAL - Util v8Tournament: Princeton Classic | Round: Octas | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Joshua StPeter, Jalyn Wu, Zachary Siegel The standard is maximizing expected well-being: to clarify, hedonistic act util1~ Neuroscience- pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/~~ R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 3~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action, and governments have to yes/no policies don’t have option to not act4~ Policy education is key to portable advocacyNixon 2K Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project. "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing." Colorlines 3.2, 2000. AND should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. | 12/5/21 |
GENERAL - Util v9Tournament: Ridge Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Randolph JP | Judge: Saied Beckford 1AC – FrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being: to clarify, hedonistic act util1~ Actor specificity: util is the best for governments, which is the actor in the rez – multiple warrants:~a~ Governments must aggregate since every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.~b~ Actor-specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings. Takes out util calc indicts since they’re empirically denied and link turns them because the alt would be no action.2~ Neuroscience- pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/~~ R.S. AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 3~ Extinction outweighsPummer 15 ~Theron, Junior Research Fellow in Philosophy at St. Anne's College, University of Oxford. "Moral Agreement on Saving the World" Practical Ethics, University of Oxford. May 18, 2015~ AT AND be acting very wrongly." (From chapter 36 of On What Matters) 4~ Util is a lexical pre-requisite to any other framework-threats to bodily security and life preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively utilize and act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibit the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose – so, util comes first and my offense outweighs theirs under their own framework.1AC - Method~ Policy education is key to portable advocacyNixon 2K Makani Themba-Nixon, Executive Director of The Praxis Project. "Changing the Rules: What Public Policy Means for Organizing." Colorlines 3.2, 2000. AND should be. And then we must be committed to making it so. | 12/11/21 |
JF - Large Satellite Constellations v1Tournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Olympia BO | Judge: Andrea Reier | 1/15/22 |
JF - Whole Res Ban v2Tournament: 47th University of Pennsylvania Tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Phoenix Pittman 1ACPlanPlan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.We’ll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tronchetti 7~Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita~ AND the non-appropriative nature of outer space emerges in all its relevance. Advantage 1 – Space WarCountries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is keyFoster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, "EXCUSE ME, YOU’RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015", JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf AND discussion stages and is likely to take a while to come to fruition. Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulationsMacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr AND States, not to deal with private claims of property. 123 International. Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space warsMallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, "If Space is ‘the Province of Mankind’, Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications", ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR AND instead of earning admiration and exultation, will only be enmeshed in litigation. Inevitable market expansion guarantees wars over property rights—governments get quickly involvedFunnell 18 – Anthony, Writer for Future Tense News Citing Dean of Law at University of Adelaide, "War in space 'inevitable' because there's so much money to be made, expert warns", ABC News, 8/23/2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/conflict-in-space-is-inevitable-expert-warns/10146314 AND for developing that technology. It makes for an exciting time," he said Asteroid mining furthers tensions between the US, China and Russia and escalatesJamasmie 21 Cecilia Jamasmie ~Cecilia has covered mining for more than a decade. She is particularly interested in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Diamonds and Latin America. Cecilia has been interviewed by BBC News and CBC among others and has been a guest speaker at mining conventions, including MINExpo 2016 and the World’s Copper Conference 2018. She is also member of the expert panel on Social License to Operate (SLO) at the European project MIREU (Mining and Metallurgic Regions EU). She holds a Master of Journalism from the University of British Columbia, and is based in Nova Scotia.~, 2-2-2021, "Experts warn of brewing space mining war among US, China and Russia," MINING, https://www.mining.com/experts-warn-of-brewing-space-mining-war-among-us-china-and-russia/ DD AG AND 2020, more than 50 years after the US reached the lunar surface. Space wars go nuclearGrego 18 – Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf AND same value to a given target or same escalatory nature to different weapons. Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr ’17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri’s Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) ~AV~ AND predicted by the 1983 studies and described this as a "nuclear autumn." Advantage 2 – CollisionsUnregulated mining is existential and causes collisions – multiple scenariosScenario 2 is satellite collisionsMining creates space debrisBoley and Byers 20 (Arron, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia; Michael, Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia) U.S. policy puts the safe development of space at risk, SCIENCE, 9 Oct 2020, Vol 370, Issue 6513, pp. 174-175 https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abd3402 EE AND they demonstrate how easily human actions can change the near-Earth environment. An increase in space debris and dust from mining collides with key defense satellitesScoles 15 Sarah Scoles ~Freelance science writer, and a contributing writer at WIRED Science, with articles in places like Popular Science, the New York Times, Scientific American, Vice, Outside, and others.~, 5-27-2015, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ DD AG AND worry about cascades of collisions like the one depicted in the movie Gravity. Collisions with high-value satellites guarantee nuclear escalation.Egeli 21 ~Sitki Egeli is an assistant professor in the Political Science and International Relations Department of Izmir University of Economics. He was previously a director for foreign affairs in Turkey’s Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) and vice president in charge of the defense and aerospace sectors of an international consulting firm.~ "Space-to-Space Warfare and Proximity Operations: The Impact on Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and Strategic Stability," Published 25 Jun 2021, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1942681, VM AND spilling down to Earth so as to further aggravate an already tense situation.?" Squo debris is goldilocks – current orbital debris deters space aggression, but adding more generates more risk than rewardMiller 21 ~Gregory D., PhD PSci from Ohio State University, Prof and Chair of Dept of Spacepower and Director of Space Scholars program at Air Command and Staff College~. "Deterrence by Debris: The Downside to Cleaning up Space." Space Policy, Vol 58, Nov 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2021.101447 TG AND more states develop space capabilities and as states develop more nonkinetic ASAT capabilities. | 2/12/22 |
LARP AC v3Tournament: Ridge Debates | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Montville RP | Judge: Lucas Bailey, Ganapathi Subramanian, Catherine Zheng 1ACFramingI affirm resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I have ONE observation about the resolution:The word UNCONDITIONAL means the removal of restrictions that directly limit striking. In other words, strikes that break a law separate from striking, for example, security from violence or protections for property, wouldn’t be recognized. Instead, the affirmative ONLY removes ALL of the restrictions for the actual right to strike. AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. I value morality because the resolution asks us to consider what a government ought to do, making it a question of moral obligation.The value criterion is utilitarianism.Prefer utilitarianism:1~ The only facts that have stood the test of time are that pleasure is good and pain is bad, so err heavily on the side of intuition: our biological programming has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years to avoid pain, meaning that we should be concerned with avoiding it2~ Actor specificity – governments have to aggregate since collective actions necessarily benefit some people while hurting others either due to resource tradeoffs or scope of effect, deontic side constraints freeze action.Goodin ’90 Robert Goodin , Fellow in Philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, the contemporary viability of utilitarian political philosophy, 1990, p. 141-2 ~PHS-CB~ AND , aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that. Even if they win their framework is more theoretically true, the only one that the government can use is mine3~ Death is the worst possible impact under util because it causes a lot of pain and prevents ability for gaining future pleasure. As such, extinction is the most important impact because it also prevents future generations and causes irreversible damage, and it should outweigh under any framework.Contention 1: DemocracyU.S. Democracy is declining but can spur backSundaresan 12/1, Mano Sundaresan, 12-1-2021, "Democracy is declining in the U.S. but it's not all bad news, a report finds", NPR.org, https://www.npr.org/2021/12/01/1059896434/united-states-backsliding-democracy-donald-trump-january-6-capitol-attack, accessed 12-11-2021, PHS-CB AND it wasn't all bad for American democracy, according to Silva-Leander. Strikes spill-over to broader support of the labor movement and unions – every strike encourages more strikesHertel-Fernandez et al. 20 ~Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, associate professor of public affairs at Columbia University, where he studies American political economy, with a focus on the politics of business, labor, wealthy donors, and policy, Suresh Naidu, professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, where he researches economic effects of political transitions, the economic history of slavery and labor institutions, international migration, and economic applications of naturallanguage processing, and Adam Reich, associate professor of sociology at Columbia University, where he studies economic and cultural sociology, especially how people make sense of their economic activities and economic positions within organizations, 2020, "Schooled by Strikes? The Effects of Large-Scale Labor Unrest on Mass Attitudes toward the Labor Movement," American Political Science Association, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001279~~/ AND suggests that the strike must be a central strategy of the labor movement. Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer—-the alternative is global conflict which leads to extinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. Additionally, civic engagement via strikes is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Climate strike participants get arrested now.Scanlan 19 ~Quinn. Quinn Scanlan. Voting, campaigns and elections for @ABC. "Jane Fonda arrested in climate change strike outside Capitol". 10-11-2019. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/jane-fonda-arrested-climate-change-strike-capitol/story?id=66209415.~~ AND student climate strikers around the world for taking on this issue so passionately. Warming causes extinction.
| 12/11/21 |
ND - LARP - Democracy v1Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Sara Bizarro Contention 1: DemocracyGlobal democracy is collapsing now.Freedom House 3/3 ~Freedom House. Freedom House works to defend human rights and promote democratic change, with a focus on political rights and civil liberties. We act as a catalyst for freedom through a combination of analysis, advocacy, and action. Our analysis, focused on 13 central issues, is underpinned by our international program work. "New Report: The global decline in democracy has accelerated". 3-3-2021. . https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-global-decline-democracy-has-accelerated.~~ AND environments investigated government transgressions, and activists persisted in calling out undemocratic practices. The affirmative solves:First, civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." Independently, our coordinated civic engagement is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Climate change causes extinction.Specktor 19 ~Brandon; writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years; "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, 6/4/19; https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html~~ AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Second, corruption reduction – the right to strike fights concentration of power while reducing inequality.IER 17 ~Institute of Employment Rights. The IER exists to inform the debate around trade union rights and labour law by providing information, critical analysis, and policy ideas through our network of academics, researchers and lawyers. "UN Rights Expert: Right to strike is essential to democracy". 3-10-2017. . https://www.ier.org.uk/news/un-rights-expert-right-strike-essential-democracy/.~~ AND this right, and a negative obligation not to interfere with its exercise." Third, electoral legitimacy – striking is critical to political influence which can check electoral illegitimacy and broader fascism.Luce 20 ~Stephanie; Professor, received her B.A. in economics from the University of California, Davis and both her Ph.D in Sociology and her M.A. in Industrial Relations from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Her research focuses on low-wage work, globalization and labor standards, and labor-community coalitions. She is the author of Labor Movements: Global Perspectives. Well-known for her research on living wage campaigns and movements, she is also the author of Fighting for a Living Wage and co-author (with Robert Pollin) of The Living Wage: Building a Fair Economy. She is co-author of A Measure of Fairness; and co-editor of What Works for Workers?: Public Policies and Innovative Strategies for Low-Wage Workers. She has published numerous reports on labor and wages in the New York City area, including the annual "State of the Unions" report co-authored with Ruth Milkman; "Strike for Democracy!" 10/26/20; OrgUP; https://www.organizingupgrade.com/strike-for-democracy/~~ AND don’t teach strikes, we don’t talk the language of strikes in labor." Democratic backsliding causes extinction.Kendall-Taylor 16 ~Andrea; Deputy national intelligence officer for Russia and Eurasia at the National Intelligence Council, Senior associate in the Human Rights Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington; "How Democracy’s Decline Would Undermine the International Order," CSIS; 7/15/16; https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-democracyE28099s-decline-would-undermine-international-order/~~ AND policy, but it would ensure that we are having the right conversation. | 11/13/21 |
ND - LARP - EconTournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll | Judge: Christopher Pascall Plan: A just government ought to recognize a right for workers to strike.Wage stagnant now – empirical studies prove labor market power overwhelms competitionNaidu et al., 4-6-2018 (Suresh Naidu is associate professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, and a contributor to the CORE project www.core-econ.org. Eric Posner is a professor at the University of Chicago Law School. Glen Weyl is a principal researcher at Microsoft Research New England, a visiting senior research scholar at Yale's economics department and law school, More and more companies have monopoly power over workers’ wages. That’s killing the economy, Vox, https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2018/4/6/17204808/wages-employers-workers-monopsony-growth-stagnation-inequality) – RK AND time and that this concentration is associated with lower wages across labor markets. Collective Bargaining is key to reducing income inequality and wages. The link is reversal causal.Bivens et al, 17 (Josh, director of research at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), "How today’s unions help working people," 8/24/17, Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/publication/how-todays-unions-help-working-people-giving-workers-the-power-to-improve-their-jobs-and-unrig-the-economy/) AND factor driving a wedge between middle- and high-wage workers.17 Reducing income inequality is key to recover from the current recession and prevent future ones.Boushey and Park 19 ~Heather Boushey and Somin Park, 5-15-2019, "Fighting inequality is key to preparing for the next recession," Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/blog/fighting-inequality-is-key-to-preparing-for-the-next-recession/ AND their income, while those in the bottom 20 percent spend 99 percent. Higher wages boost economic growth- research consensus- multiple reasonsWolfers 15 (Justin is professor of economics and professor of public policy at University of Michigan. "Higher Wages for Low-Income Workers Lead to Higher Productivity." January 13, 2015. Peterson Institute for International Economics. https://piie.com/blogs/realtime-economic-issues-watch/higher-wages-low-income-workers-lead-higher-productivity) AND this point, showing that productive cashiers motivate their coworkers to work faster. Slow economic growth erodes international institutions – causes conflictHaass 17 — Richard Haass (Ph.D. and M.A. from Oxford University, B.A. from Oberlin College, president of the Council on Foreign Relations, former vice president and director of foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution, the Sol M. Linowitz visiting professor of international studies at Hamilton College, a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a lecturer in public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School, research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies, and State Department aide; Project Syndicate),"A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order" published January 10, 2017, (Print) - MZhu AND than what it is doing and, more important, not doing.4 | 11/14/21 |
ND - LARP - Teacher Unions v1Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying 1AC - DemocracyUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer—-the alternative is global conflict which leads to extinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. The alternative to democracy is violent civil wars, ethnic cleansing, and genocide—-the best research confirmsCortright 13, David Cortright is the director of Policy Studies at the Kroc Institute for Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame, Chair of the Board of Directors of the Fourth Freedom Forum, and author of 17 books, Kristen Wall is a Researcher and Analyst at the Kroc Institute, Conor Seyle is Associate Director of One Earth Future, Governance, Democracy, and Peace How State Capacity and Regime Type Influence the Prospects of War and Peace, http://oneearthfuture.org/sites/oneearthfuture.org/files//documents/publications/Cortright-Seyle-Wall-Paper.pdf AND cosmopolitanism and trade— "another trifecta" for liberal peace theory.99 1AC - SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize teachers’ unconditional right to strike. To clarify, to be just, the US ought to follow the plan. Enforcement through the court of law, and ought is defined as a moral obligation. Ask about topicality violations in CX or assume I-meet on shells to best preserve substantive debateShanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" | 11/13/21 |
ND - LARP - Teacher Unions v2Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: Octas | Opponent: Stuyvesant MZ | Judge: Jack Quisenberry, Zach Siegel, Amy Nyberg 1AC - DemocracyUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer—-the alternative is global conflict which leads to extinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. 1AC - SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize teachers’ unconditional right to strike. To clarify, to be just, the US ought to follow the plan. Enforcement through the court of law, and ought is defined as a moral obligation. Ask about topicality violations in CX or assume I-meet on shells to best preserve substantive debateShanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" | 12/3/21 |
ND - LARP - Teacher Unions v3Tournament: Ridge Debates | Round: 3 | Opponent: Randolph JP | Judge: Saied Beckford 1AC - DemocracyUS Democracy is nearing its brink but has potential to spur backHouse 3/22’ ~Freedom House, 3-22-2021, "NEW REPORT: US Democracy Has Declined Significantly in the Past Decade, Reforms Urgently Needed," https://freedomhouse.org/article/new-report-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly-past-decade-reforms-urgently-needed~~ AND inferiority and as a sort of license for their own abuses of power." Teacher union legitimacy is key to strengthen democracy – multiple internal links.Khalenberg 16 Kahlenberg, — Richard D. "How Defunding Public Sector Unions Will Diminish Our Democracy." The Century Foundation, 5 Oct. 2016, tcf.org/content/report/how-defunding-public-sector-unions-will-diminish-our-democracy/?session=1. ~Richard D. Kahlenberg is director of K–12 equity and senior fellow at The Century Foundation. The author or editor of seventeen books, he has expertise in education, civil rights, and equal opportunity. Kahlenberg has been called "the intellectual father of the economic integration movement" in K–12 schooling and "arguably the nation’s chief proponent of class-based affirmative action in higher education admissions." He is also an authority on teachers’ unions, private school vouchers, charter schools, community colleges, housing segregation, and labor organizing.~dhsNJ AND democracy in action, underlining the lessons found in the civics books."45 US democracy is the greatest international stabilizer—-the alternative is global conflict which leads to extinctionYulis 17 (Max Yulis, Penn Political Review. In Defense of Liberal Internationalism. April 8, 2017. pennpoliticalreview.org/2017/04/in-defense-of-liberal-internationalism/) AND lived trend, or a more ominous warning for the world at large. The alternative to democracy is violent civil wars, ethnic cleansing, and genocide—-the best research confirmsCortright 13, David Cortright is the director of Policy Studies at the Kroc Institute for Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame, Chair of the Board of Directors of the Fourth Freedom Forum, and author of 17 books, Kristen Wall is a Researcher and Analyst at the Kroc Institute, Conor Seyle is Associate Director of One Earth Future, Governance, Democracy, and Peace How State Capacity and Regime Type Influence the Prospects of War and Peace, http://oneearthfuture.org/sites/oneearthfuture.org/files//documents/publications/Cortright-Seyle-Wall-Paper.pdf AND cosmopolitanism and trade— "another trifecta" for liberal peace theory.99 And, democracies are not a monolithic system—some democracies are problematic, but ones with more accountability and civic engagement are less likely to engage in regional warfare, have armed conflict, etc.Cortright 13 ~David Cortright, American Scholar and peace activist, director of policy studies at the Kroc Institute for international peace studies at the university of Notre Dame and Chair of the Board of the Fourth Freedom forum, "How State Capacity and Regime Type Influence the prospects for war and peace, https://oefresearch.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/Cortright-Seyle-Wall-Paper.pdf ~ JJ AND conflict and are part of the process through which good governance promotes peace. 1AC - SolvencyThus, the plan Resolved: A just United States ought to recognize teachers’ unconditional right to strike. To clarify, to be just, the US ought to follow the plan. Enforcement through the court of law, and ought is defined as a moral obligation. Ask about topicality violations in CX or assume I-meet on shells to best preserve substantive debateShanker 73’ ~SHANKER, ALBERT L. "Why Teachers Need the Right to Strike." Monthly Labor Review, vol. 96, no. 9, 1973, pp. 48–51. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41839103. Accessed 21 June 2021.~ AND legislatures have found it possible to create mecha-nisms for collective bargaining. Empirics confirm right to strike improves teacher union legitimacyDiSalvo, Daniel, and Michael Hartney. "Teachers Unions in the Post-Janus World." Education Next, 2 Sept. 2020, www.educationnext.org/teachers-unions-post-janus-world-defying-predictions-still-hold-major-clout/~ Daniel Disalvo AND donate blood plasma to pay the bills. I’m a teacher in America!" | 12/11/21 |
ND - Lay ACTournament: Princeton Classic | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ardrey Kell SG | Judge: Praphulla Suryawanshi Contention 1: DemocracyStrikes spill-over to broader support of the labor movement and unions – every strike encourages more strikesHertel-Fernandez et al. 20 ~Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, associate professor of public affairs at Columbia University, where he studies American political economy, with a focus on the politics of business, labor, wealthy donors, and policy, Suresh Naidu, professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, where he researches economic effects of political transitions, the economic history of slavery and labor institutions, international migration, and economic applications of naturallanguage processing, and Adam Reich, associate professor of sociology at Columbia University, where he studies economic and cultural sociology, especially how people make sense of their economic activities and economic positions within organizations, 2020, "Schooled by Strikes? The Effects of Large-Scale Labor Unrest on Mass Attitudes toward the Labor Movement," American Political Science Association, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001279~~/ AND suggests that the strike must be a central strategy of the labor movement. Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." Democracies are not a monolithic system—even if some democracies are problematic, ones with more accountability and civic engagement are less likely to engage in regional warfare, have armed conflict, etc.Cortright 13 ~David Cortright, American Scholar and peace activist, director of policy studies at the Kroc Institute for international peace studies at the university of Notre Dame and Chair of the Board of the Fourth Freedom forum, "How State Capacity and Regime Type Influence the prospects for war and peace, https://oefresearch.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/Cortright-Seyle-Wall-Paper.pdf ~ JJ AND conflict and are part of the process through which good governance promotes peace. Civic engagement via strikes is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes mass deathSpecktor 19 ~Brandon writes about the science of everyday life for Live Science, and previously for Reader's Digest magazine, where he served as an editor for five years~ 6-4-2019, "Human Civilization Will Crumble by 2050 If We Don't Stop Climate Change Now, New Paper Claims," livescience, https://www.livescience.com/65633-climate-change-dooms-humans-by-2050.html Justin AND and perhaps "the end of human global civilization as we know it." Contention 2: Income InequalityWage stagnant now – empirical studies prove labor market power overwhelms competitionNaidu et al., 4-6-2018 (Suresh Naidu is associate professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, and a contributor to the CORE project www.core-econ.org. Eric Posner is a professor at the University of Chicago Law School. Glen Weyl is a principal researcher at Microsoft Research New England, a visiting senior research scholar at Yale's economics department and law school, More and more companies have monopoly power over workers’ wages. That’s killing the economy, Vox, https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2018/4/6/17204808/wages-employers-workers-monopsony-growth-stagnation-inequality) – RK AND time and that this concentration is associated with lower wages across labor markets. Collective Bargaining is key to reducing income inequality and wages. The link is reversal causal.Bivens et al, 17 (Josh, director of research at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), "How today’s unions help working people," 8/24/17, Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/publication/how-todays-unions-help-working-people-giving-workers-the-power-to-improve-their-jobs-and-unrig-the-economy/) AND factor driving a wedge between middle- and high-wage workers.17 Reducing income inequality is key to recover from the current recession and prevent future ones.Boushey and Park 19 ~Heather Boushey and Somin Park, 5-15-2019, "Fighting inequality is key to preparing for the next recession," Economic Policy Institute, https://www.epi.org/blog/fighting-inequality-is-key-to-preparing-for-the-next-recession/ AND , while those in the bottom 20 percent spend 99 percent. | 12/4/21 |
ND - Lay AC v2Tournament: Ridge Debates | Round: 1 | Opponent: CR North KL | Judge: James Grey 1ACFramingI affirm resolved: A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to strike.I have ONE observation about the resolution:The word UNCONDITIONAL means the removal of restrictions that directly limit striking. In other words, strikes that break a law separate from striking, for example, security from violence or protections for property, wouldn’t be recognized. Instead, the affirmative ONLY removes ALL of the restrictions for the actual right to strike. AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. I value morality because the resolution asks us to consider what a government ought to do, making it a question of moral obligation.The value criterion is utilitarianism.Prefer utilitarianism:1~ The only facts that have stood the test of time are that pleasure is good and pain is bad, so err heavily on the side of intuition: our biological programming has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years to avoid pain, meaning that we should be concerned with avoiding it2~ Actor specificity – governments have to aggregate since collective actions necessarily benefit some people while hurting others either due to resource tradeoffs or scope of effect, deontic side constraints freeze action.Goodin ’90 Robert Goodin , Fellow in Philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, the contemporary viability of utilitarian political philosophy, 1990, p. 141-2 ~PHS-CB~ AND , aggregates and averages is just not sufficiently fine-grained for that. Even if they win their framework is more theoretically true, the only one that the government can use is mine3~ Death is the worst possible impact under util because it causes a lot of pain and prevents ability for gaining future pleasure. As such, extinction is the most important impact because it also prevents future generations and causes irreversible damage, and it should outweigh under any framework.Contention 1: DemocracyStrikes spill-over to broader support of the labor movement and unions – every strike encourages more strikesHertel-Fernandez et al. 20 ~Alexander Hertel-Fernandez, associate professor of public affairs at Columbia University, where he studies American political economy, with a focus on the politics of business, labor, wealthy donors, and policy, Suresh Naidu, professor of economics and public affairs at Columbia University, where he researches economic effects of political transitions, the economic history of slavery and labor institutions, international migration, and economic applications of naturallanguage processing, and Adam Reich, associate professor of sociology at Columbia University, where he studies economic and cultural sociology, especially how people make sense of their economic activities and economic positions within organizations, 2020, "Schooled by Strikes? The Effects of Large-Scale Labor Unrest on Mass Attitudes toward the Labor Movement," American Political Science Association, https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592720001279~~/ AND suggests that the strike must be a central strategy of the labor movement. Civic engagement – strikes increase democratic participation which reinvigorates democracy.McElwee 15 ~Sean; Research Associate at Demos; "How Unions Boost Democratic Participation," The American Prospect; 9/16/15; https://prospect.org/labor/unions-boost-democratic-participation/~~ Justin AND a broad swath of the middle class largely unrepresented in the political process." Democracies are not a monolithic system—even if some democracies are problematic, ones with more accountability and civic engagement are less likely to engage in regional warfare, have armed conflict, etc.Cortright 13 ~David Cortright, American Scholar and peace activist, director of policy studies at the Kroc Institute for international peace studies at the university of Notre Dame and Chair of the Board of the Fourth Freedom forum, "How State Capacity and Regime Type Influence the prospects for war and peace, https://oefresearch.org/sites/default/files/documents/publications/Cortright-Seyle-Wall-Paper.pdf ~ JJ AND conflict and are part of the process through which good governance promotes peace. Civic engagement via strikes is key to comprehensive climate action globally.Fisher and Nasrin 20 ~Dana R; Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on questions related to democracy, activism, and environmentalism — most recently studying climate activism, protests, and the American Resistance. Her research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates data collected through open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation with various forms of survey data; Sohana; University of Maryland, College Park, UMD, UMCP, University of Maryland College Park · Philip Merrill College of Journalism Master of Arts; "Climate activism and its effects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Review; October 2020; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345455893'Climate'activism'and'its'effects~~ Justin AND large, most of these strikes involve relatively small proportions of overall populations. Warming causes extinction.
| 12/10/21 |
ND - PLAN - Spec v1Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll EP | Judge: Sara Bizarro For this debate, I offer the following definition of an unconditional right to strike:NLRB 85 ~National Labor Relations Board; "Legislative History of the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947: Volume 1," Jan 1985; https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=7o1tA''v4xwCandrdid=book-7o1tA''v4xwCandrdot=1~~ AND health and welfare of our people in order to attain a selfish end. | 11/13/21 |
ND - Turn - DiseaseTournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 4 | Opponent: Stuyvesant EL | Judge: Derek Ying No extinction – COVID proves every internal warrantAdalja 16 ~Amesh Adalja, JUNE 17, 2016, "Why Hasn't Disease Wiped out the Human Race?", The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/06/infectious-diseases-extinction/487514 LEX JB~ AND short. In many ways, human consciousness became infectious diseases’ worthiest adversary. | 11/13/21 |
NOTE - Scarsdale R5Tournament: Virtual Scarsdale Invitational Scarvite | Round: 5 | Opponent: Southlake Carroll | Judge: Christopher Pascall | 11/14/21 |
SO - CP - Indigenous PICTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Octas | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: David Herrera, Abby Morris, Ben Waldman Idea of property ownership is entrenched in colonialism—the settler uses property law to create and maintain racial hierarchies to justify exploitation of natives and slaves. Bhandar 18 Brenna; Colonial Lives of Property (Law, Land, and Racial Regimes of Ownership); 2018 Duke University PressBeing an owner and having the capacity to appropriate have long AND worked in conjunction to produce laws of property and racial subjects. | 11/13/21 |
SO - LARP - EvergreeningTournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 2 | Opponent: Montville RP | Judge: Alex Rivera 1AC: InnovationAdvantage 1 is InnovationWe are in an innovation crisis – new drugs are not being developed in favor of re-purposing old drugs to infinitely extend patent expiration.Feldman 1 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer AND look for new things, not to recycle existing drugs for minimal benefit. The only major study confirms our Internal Link – Evergreening decimates competition by resulting in functional monopoliesArnold Ventures 20 9-24-2020 "'Evergreening' Stunts Competition, Costs Consumers and Taxpayers" https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/evergreening-stunts-competition-costs-consumers-and-taxpayers/ (Arnold Ventures is focused on evidence-based giving in a wide range of categories including: criminal justice, education, health care, and public finance)Elmer AND billions of dollars while increasing the incentives for pharmaceutical companies to achieve breakthroughs." Specifically, prevents effective cancer treatment via skyrocketing prices.Kantarjian 15 ~Hagop Kantarjian, M.D., is the Chair of the Leukemia department at MD Anderson Cancer Center. March 16, 2015. "Why Are Cancer Drugs So Expensive in the United States, and What Are the Solutions?". https://www.mayoc linicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(15)00101-9/fulltext~#20~ Dhruv AND lobbying spending of the defense, aerospace, and gas and oil companies. Contagious Cancer is a major and legitimate threat AND causes extinction.Johnson 16 George Johnson 2-23-2016 "Scientists Ponder the Prospect of Contagious Cancer" https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/23/science/scientists-ponder-the-prospect-of-contagious-cancer.html?mcubz=0 (columnist and science journalist for the New York Times, M.A. in Journalism and Public Affairs, American University)Elmer AND to leap to another body. Otherwise, contagious cancer would be everywhere. Only innovation now solves AMR super-bugs — timeframe’s key.Sobti 19 ~Dr. Navjot Kaur Sobti is an internal medicine resident physician at Dartmouth-Hitchcock-Medical Center/Dartmouth School of Medicine and a member of the ABC News Medical Unit. May 1, 2019. "Amid superbug crisis, scientists urge innovation". https://abcnews.go.com/Health/amidst-superbug-crisis-scientists-urge-innovation/story?id=62763415~~ Dhruv AND generations to come and secure the future from drug-resistant diseases." Extinction - generic defense doesn’t apply.Srivatsa 17 Kadiyali Srivatsa 1-12-2017 "Superbug Pandemics and How to Prevent Them" https://www.the-american-interest.com/2017/01/12/superbug-pandemics-and-how-to-prevent-them/ (doctor, inventor, and publisher. He worked in acute and intensive pediatric care in British hospitals)Elmer AND A flu-like disease could kill more than 33 million people in 250 days.3 Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival.NAS 8 National Academy of Sciences 12-3-2008 "The Role of the Life Sciences in Transforming America's Future Summary of a Workshop" Re-cut by Elmer AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. Expanding breadth of Pharma Innovation into neglected diseases results in global linkages that revitalizes global health diplomacy.Hotez 16, Peter J. Blue marble health: an innovative plan to fight diseases of the poor amid wealth. JHU Press, 2016. (Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology)Elmer AND including Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and Niger, as well as Nigeria. Solves hotspot escalationNang and Martin 17, Roberto N., and Keith Martin. "Global health diplomacy: A new strategic defense pillar." Military medicine 182.1-2 (2017): 1456-1460. (MC, Global Health Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences)Elmer AND United States has the ability and authority to do so in the national and international interest. 1AC: PlanPlan – The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by implementing a one-and-done approach for patent protection.The Plan solves Evergreening.Feldman 3 Robin Feldman 2-11-2019 "‘One-and-done’ for new drugs could cut patent thickets and boost generic competition" https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/11/drug-patent-protection-one-done/ (Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the Center for Innovation)SidK + Elmer AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Reforming the Patent Process would lower Drug Prices and incentivize Pharma Innovation by revitalizing the Market.Stanbrook 13, Matthew B. "Limiting "evergreening" for a better balance of drug innovation incentives." (2013): 939-939. (MD (University of Toronto) PhD (University of Toronto))Elmer AND but to invest more in innovative drug development to maintain their profits. | 9/18/21 |
SO - LARP - Evergreening v2Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale OL | Judge: David Herrera AND look for new things, not to recycle existing drugs for minimal benefit. The only major study confirms our Internal Link – Evergreening decimates competition by resulting in functional monopolies AND billions of dollars while increasing the incentives for pharmaceutical companies to achieve breakthroughs." Only innovation now solves AMR super-bugs — timeframe’s key. AND generations to come and secure the future from drug-resistant diseases." Extinction - generic defense doesn’t apply. AND A flu-like disease could kill more than 33 million people in 250 days.3 Expanding breadth of Pharma Innovation into neglected diseases results in global linkages that revitalizes global health diplomacy. AND including Mali, Cote d’Ivoire, Mozambique, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, and Niger, as well as Nigeria. Solves hotspot escalation AND United States has the ability and authority to do so in the national and international interest. 1AC: Plan AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Reforming the Patent Process would lower Drug Prices and incentivize Pharma Innovation by revitalizing the Market. AND but to invest more in innovative drug development to maintain their profits. | 10/1/21 |
SO - LARP - Evergreening v3Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lexington AK | Judge: Allison Aldridge AND look for new things, not to recycle existing drugs for minimal benefit. The only major study confirms our Internal Link – Evergreening decimates competition by resulting in functional monopolies AND billions of dollars while increasing the incentives for pharmaceutical companies to achieve breakthroughs." Specifically, prevents effective cancer treatment via skyrocketing prices. AND lobbying spending of the defense, aerospace, and gas and oil companies. Contagious Cancer is a major and legitimate threat AND causes extinction. AND to leap to another body. Otherwise, contagious cancer would be everywhere. Only innovation now solves AMR super-bugs — timeframe’s key. AND generations to come and secure the future from drug-resistant diseases." Extinction - generic defense doesn’t apply. AND A flu-like disease could kill more than 33 million people in 250 days.3 Pharma spills-over – has cascading global impacts that are necessary for human survival. AND biological processes at work in the oceans can humans live sustainably on earth. 1AC: Plan AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Reforming the Patent Process would lower Drug Prices and incentivize Pharma Innovation by revitalizing the Market. AND but to invest more in innovative drug development to maintain their profits. | 10/1/21 |
SO - LARP - Evergreening v4Tournament: Yale University Invitational 2021 | Round: Triples | Opponent: Holy Trinity Episcopal BL | Judge: Ben Waldman, David Herrera, Bennett Fees AND look for new things, not to recycle existing drugs for minimal benefit. The only major study confirms our Internal Link – Evergreening decimates competition by resulting in functional monopolies AND billions of dollars while increasing the incentives for pharmaceutical companies to achieve breakthroughs." Specifically, prevents effective cancer treatment via skyrocketing prices. AND lobbying spending of the defense, aerospace, and gas and oil companies. Contagious Cancer is a major and legitimate threat AND causes extinction. AND to leap to another body. Otherwise, contagious cancer would be everywhere. Only innovation now solves AMR super-bugs — timeframe’s key. AND generations to come and secure the future from drug-resistant diseases." Extinction - generic defense doesn’t apply. AND A flu-like disease could kill more than 33 million people in 250 days.3 1AC: Plan AND right now, the incentives for creating patent walls are just too great. Reforming the Patent Process would lower Drug Prices and incentivize Pharma Innovation by revitalizing the Market. AND but to invest more in innovative drug development to maintain their profits. | 9/19/21 |
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