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| Columbia | Octas | Princeton VC | Ben Erdmann, Anshuman Mishra, Chasia Jeffries |
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| Columbia | 1 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Eric He 1AC - Asteroids |
| Columbia | 3 | Opponent: Stuyvesant MZ | Judge: Jian Hu 1AC - lay |
| Columbia | 5 | Opponent: Stuyvesant HJ | Judge: Jayesh Patel 1AC - lay |
| Columbia | Octas | Opponent: Princeton VC | Judge: Ben Erdmann, Anshuman Mishra, Chasia Jeffries 1AC - asteroids v2 |
| Jack Howe | 1 | Opponent: Harker AM | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1AC - COVID |
| Jack Howe | 4 | Opponent: Archbishop Mitty AA | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva 1AC - COVID |
| Jack Howe | 6 | Opponent: Brentwood AR | Judge: Amanda Ciocca 1AC - COVID |
| Jack Howe | Doubles | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva, Joel Lemuel, Sam Larson 1AC - Insulin |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any Note: I would like trigger warnings for sensitive content. Email/Hangouts: enyagu8@gmail.com | 8/26/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any | 8/26/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: You | Judge: Any | 8/26/21 |
JANFEB Asteroids 1ACTournament: Columbia | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison MB | Judge: Eric He 1AC1AC—PlanPlan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.We'll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tronchetti 7~Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita~ Advantage—Asteroid MiningCountries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is keyFoster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, "EXCUSE ME, YOU'RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015", JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulationsMacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space warsMallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, "If Space is 'the Province of Mankind', Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications", ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR Inevitable market expansion guarantees wars over property rights—governments get quickly involvedFunnell 18 – Anthony, Writer for Future Tense News Citing Dean of Law at University of Adelaide, "War in space 'inevitable' because there's so much money to be made, expert warns", ABC News, 8/23/2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-24/conflict-in-space-is-inevitable-expert-warns/10146314 Asteroid mining furthers tensions between the US, China and Russia and escalatesJamasmie 21 Cecilia Jamasmie ~Cecilia has covered mining for more than a decade. She is particularly interested in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Diamonds and Latin America. Cecilia has been interviewed by BBC News and CBC among others and has been a guest speaker at mining conventions, including MINExpo 2016 and the World's Copper Conference 2018. She is also member of the expert panel on Social License to Operate (SLO) at the European project MIREU (Mining and Metallurgic Regions EU). She holds a Master of Journalism from the University of British Columbia, and is based in Nova Scotia.~, 2-2-2021, "Experts warn of brewing space mining war among US, China and Russia," MINING, https://www.mining.com/experts-warn-of-brewing-space-mining-war-among-us-china-and-russia/ DD AG Space wars go nuclearGrego 18 – Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) ~AV~ Space mining can't solve resource conflicts on EarthRiederer 14 Rachel Riederer ~Rachel Riederer is a science and culture writer based in Missouri.~, 5-19-2014, "Silicon Valley Says Space Mining Is Awesome and Will Change Life on Earth. That's Only Half Right.," New Republic, https://newrepublic.com/article/117815/space-mining-will-not-solve-earths-conflict-over-natural-resources DD AG Scenario 2 is asteroid collisionsMining creates space debrisBoley and Byers 20 (Arron, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia; Michael, Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia) U.S. policy puts the safe development of space at risk, SCIENCE, 9 Oct 2020, Vol 370, Issue 6513, pp. 174-175 https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abd3402 EE Space dust destroys spirals and exponentially accumulates through time, increasing the likelihood of collisions.Intagliata 17 ~Christopher Intagliata, 5-11-2017, "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~//DDPT An increase in space debris and dust from mining collides with key defense satellitesScoles 15 Sarah Scoles ~Freelance science writer, and a contributing writer at WIRED Science, with articles in places like Popular Science, the New York Times, Scientific American, Vice, Outside, and others.~, 5-27-2015, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ DD AG Collisions with high-value satellites guarantee nuclear escalation.Egeli 21 ~Sitki Egeli is an assistant professor in the Political Science and International Relations Department of Izmir University of Economics. He was previously a director for foreign affairs in Turkey's Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) and vice president in charge of the defense and aerospace sectors of an international consulting firm.~ "Space-to-Space Warfare and Proximity Operations: The Impact on Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and Strategic Stability," Published 25 Jun 2021, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1942681, VM FrameworkExistential threats outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generations – err aff, because of innate cognitive biasesGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –1 — Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuableMoen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI 2~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omission3~ Lexical pre-requisite: threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose4~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. Intuitions outweigh—they're the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can't deductively determine why. | 1/29/22 |
JANFEB Asteroids 1AC v2Tournament: Columbia | Round: Octas | Opponent: Princeton VC | Judge: Ben Erdmann, Anshuman Mishra, Chasia Jeffries 1AC1AC—PlanPlan: The appropriation of outer space through asteroid mining by private entities should be banned.We'll defend normal means as the signatories of the OST adding an optional protocol under Article II.Tronchetti 7~Fabio Tronchetti is a professor at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University, The Netherlands, 2007, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf, 12-15-2021 amrita~ Advantage—Asteroid MiningCountries and their companies are making their own rules through patchwork which creates conflict—an international body is keyFoster 16 – Craig, J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, "EXCUSE ME, YOU'RE MINING MY ASTEROID: SPACE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE U.S. SPACE RESOURCE EXPLORATION AND UTILIZATION ACT OF 2015", JOURNAL OF LAW, TECHNOLOGY and POLICY, No. 2, page 428-430, http://illinoisjltp.com/journal/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Foster.pdf Current space treaties have zero authority and lack clarity—which creates ineffective regulationsMacWhorter 16 – Kevin, J.D from William and Mary College and Contributor to the William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, "Sustainable Mining: Incentivizing Asteroid Mining in the Name of Environmentalism", William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 2016, https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1653andcontext=wmelpr Disputes and misperceptions create cascading effects towards space weaponization and an arms race—an international framework solves BUT unilateral action causes escalating space warsMallick and Rajagopalan 19 - Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA, Distinguished Fellow and Head of the Nuclear and Space Policy Initiative at Observer Research Foundation. She is also the Technical Adviser to the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS). (Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senjuti Mallick, "If Space is 'the Province of Mankind', Who Owns its Resources? The Potential of Space Mining and its Legal Implications", ORF Occasional Paper No. 182, January 2019, Observer Research Foundation., https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/) NAR Asteroid mining furthers tensions between the US, China and Russia and escalatesJamasmie 21 Cecilia Jamasmie ~Cecilia has covered mining for more than a decade. She is particularly interested in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Diamonds and Latin America. Cecilia has been interviewed by BBC News and CBC among others and has been a guest speaker at mining conventions, including MINExpo 2016 and the World's Copper Conference 2018. She is also member of the expert panel on Social License to Operate (SLO) at the European project MIREU (Mining and Metallurgic Regions EU). She holds a Master of Journalism from the University of British Columbia, and is based in Nova Scotia.~, 2-2-2021, "Experts warn of brewing space mining war among US, China and Russia," MINING, https://www.mining.com/experts-warn-of-brewing-space-mining-war-among-us-china-and-russia/ DD AG Space wars go nuclearGrego 18 – Laura, Senior Scientist in the Global Security Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists, Postdoctoral Researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, PhD in Experimental Physics at the California Institute of Technology, Space and Crisis Stability, Union of Concerned Scientists, 3-19-18, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/7804-grego-space-and-crisis-stabilitypdf Nuclear war causes extinction.Starr '17 (Steven; director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, senior scientist at the Physicians for Social Responsibility, Associate member of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, expert in the environmental consequences of nuclear war; 1/9/17; "Turning a Blind Eye Towards Armageddon — U.S. Leaders Reject Nuclear Winter Studies"; https://fas.org/2017/01/turning-a-blind-eye-towards-armageddon-u-s-leaders-reject-nuclear-winter-studies/; Federation of American Scientists; accessed 11/24/18; TV) ~AV~ Scenario 2 is asteroid collisionsMining creates space debrisBoley and Byers 20 (Arron, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia; Michael, Department of Political Science, University of British Columbia) U.S. policy puts the safe development of space at risk, SCIENCE, 9 Oct 2020, Vol 370, Issue 6513, pp. 174-175 https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abd3402 EE Space dust destroys spirals and exponentially accumulates through time, increasing the likelihood of collisions.Intagliata 17 ~Christopher Intagliata, 5-11-2017, "The Sneaky Danger of Space Dust," Scientific American, https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/the-sneaky-danger-of-space-dust/~~//DDPT An increase in space debris and dust from mining collides with key defense satellitesScoles 15 Sarah Scoles ~Freelance science writer, and a contributing writer at WIRED Science, with articles in places like Popular Science, the New York Times, Scientific American, Vice, Outside, and others.~, 5-27-2015, "Dust from asteroid mining spells danger for satellites," New Scientist, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630235-100-dust-from-asteroid-mining-spells-danger-for-satellites/ DD AG Collisions with high-value satellites guarantee nuclear escalation.Egeli 21 ~Sitki Egeli is an assistant professor in the Political Science and International Relations Department of Izmir University of Economics. He was previously a director for foreign affairs in Turkey's Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) and vice president in charge of the defense and aerospace sectors of an international consulting firm.~ "Space-to-Space Warfare and Proximity Operations: The Impact on Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications and Strategic Stability," Published 25 Jun 2021, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2021.1942681, VM FrameworkExistential threats outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generations – err aff, because of innate cognitive biasesGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer –1 — Pleasure and pain are intrinsically valuableMoen 16 ~Ole Martin Moen, Research Fellow in Philosophy at University of Oslo "An Argument for Hedonism" Journal of Value Inquiry (Springer), 50 (2) 2016: 267–281~ SJDI 2~ Actor specificity:A~ Aggregation – every policy benefits some and harms others, which also means side constraints freeze action.B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments decide not to act which means being presented with the aff creates a choice between two actions, neither of which is an omission3~ Lexical pre-requisite: threats to bodily security preclude the ability for moral actors to effectively act upon other moral theories since they are in a constant state of crisis that inhibits the ideal moral conditions which other theories presuppose4~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first. Intuitions outweigh—they're the foundational basis for any argument and theories that contradict our intuitions are most likely false even if we can't deductively determine why. | 1/30/22 |
SEPTOCT COVID 1ACTournament: Jack Howe | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker AM | Judge: Vanessa Nguyen 1AC1AC1AC - Contention 1: Disease WarWe got lucky with COVID – future pandemics will be much worse and existing provisions in TRIPs are not used —- the status quo can't solve.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What's yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. Developing countries need assistance – it's time for the U.S. to step up to the plate and do its jobStone 21 – Judy Stone is an Infectious Disease specialist; "Covid Vaccine Equity - Developing Countries Need Our Help"; Forbes, May 11, 2021; https://www.forbes.com/sites/judystone/2021/05/11/vaccine-equitydeveloping-countries-need-our-help/?sh=10939a363ec8 advay It's not too late—-COVID will continue across the developing worlds for years to come. Plus, the plan helps for black swan future pandemics.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don't Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. A temporary waiver is sufficient—-it creates momentum for America to repeat against harsher future pandemics which spills overNancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What's yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. Future pandemics are 10x more deadly - extinctionCeballos 21 Gerardo Ceballos ~PhD, Dr Gerardo Ceballos is an ecologist and conservationist at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. He is particularly recognized for his influential work on global patterns of distribution of diversity, endemism, and extinction risk in vertebrates. He is also well-known for his contribution to understanding the magnitude and impacts of the sixth mass extinction.~, 5/27/21, "THE SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY", Population Matters, https://populationmatters.org/news/2021/05/sixth-mass-extinction-and-future-humanity DD AG 1AC – Contention 2: WTO CredibilityThe new head of the WTO is on track to push for reform and an increased role in the international arena, but is hindered now due to lack of vaccine agreement by nations that will never agreeBaschuk 21 – Bryce Baschuk is a Bloomberg Reporter; "WTO Chief Pursues a 'Hectic' Agenda to Fix World Trade's Referee"; Bloomberg, April 27, 2021; https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-27/wto-chief-pursues-a-hectic-agenda-to-fix-world-trade-s-referee advay A U.S. patent waiver through WTO mechanism is necessary to revitalize WTO's credibility, create momentum for further reform, and solve stalemates in current talksMeyer 21 – David Meyer is the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights; "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn"; Fortune, June 18, 2021. https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/ advay Post Covid WTO legitimacy and credibility are necessary to prevent a downward spiral of protectionism – U.S. action ensures best implementationSolís 20 – Mireya Solís is director of the Center for East Asia Policy Studies, Philip Knight Chair in Japan Studies, and a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy program at Brookings; "The post COVID-19 world: Economic nationalism triumphant?"; July 10, 2020; https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/10/the-post-covid-19-world-economic-nationalism-triumphant/ advay Trade solves great power competition – mere perceptual regionalism causes militarized crisesLake 18 – David Lake is a Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego; "Economic Openness and Great Power Competition: Lessons for China and the United States"; April 30, 2018; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3171196/ advay Independently, WTO cred solves nuclear war – allows an off-track for nuclear weaponsHamann 09 – Georgia Hamann is a J.D. Candidate, Vanderbilt University Law School, "Replacing Slingshots with Swords: Implications of the Antigua-Gambling 22.6 Panel Report for Developing Countries and the World Trading System"; 2009; advay 1AC – Solvency: Public IP HolidayThe patent system for pandemic-related drugs is currently out of balance—-there's spurious over-patenting under the guise of innovation, which paradoxically hurts innovation by juicing profits. A temporary waiver in the U.S. for pandemics rebalance the system.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don't Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. Thus the plan: The United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for the COVID-19 vaccine. The plan's implemented through a TRIPS waiver for the U.S.— that's Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen The plan bolsters the number of vaccines—-arguments about supply and logistics are empirically disproven.Nancy S. Jecker and Caesar A. Atuire 21. *Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Philosophy, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Gauteng, South Africa, "What's yours is ours: waiving intellectual property protections for COVID-19 vaccines," Journal of Medical Ethics, July 6, 2021, https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2021/07/06/medethics-2021-107555.full.pdf., RJP, DebateDrills. The plan seamlessly shifts to a direct support model during pandemics, which allows pharma companies to profit and innovate while speeding up the process—-that solves but avoids the innovation DA.Brink Lindsey 21. Vice President, Niskanen Center; Writes for Brookings, "Why Intellectual Property and Pandemics Don't Mix," Brookings, June 3, 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/, RJP, DebateDrills. FWExistential threats outweigh – all life has infinite value and extinction eliminates the possibility for future generations – err aff because of innate cognitive biasesGPP 17 (Global Priorities Project, Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," Global Priorities Project, 2017, https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf, | 9/18/21 |
SEPTOCT Insulin 1ACTournament: Jack Howe | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Leah Clark-Villanueva, Joel Lemuel, Sam Larson 1AC1AC CoreAdvantageInsulin is prohibitively expensive – new insulin analogues move the needle from human insulin to a lower quality, more expensive drugPeccoud et al 18 Jenna E. Gallegos ~~,1 Christopher Boyer,2 Eleanore Pauwels,3 Warren A. Kaplan,4 and Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology~1,*, December 18, "The Open Insulin Project: A Case Study for 'Biohacked' Medicines"", Trends in Biotechnology Vol 36 No. 12, https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/pdf/S0167-7799(18)30200-2.pdf DD AG IP perpetuates evergreening, specifically for insulin – that prevents the creation of cheap, generic medicineGreene 15 Jeremy A. Greene, M.D., Ph.D ~I received an MA in medical anthropology from Harvard in 2004, the MD and PhD degrees in the history of science from Harvard in 2005~., and Kevin R. Riggs, M.D., M.P.H., March 19, 2015, "Why Is There No Generic Insulin? Historical Origins of a Modern Problem", New England Journal of Medicine 372:1171-1175, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1411398 DD AG This isn't just a one off – it's been happening for the last centuryPeccoud 18 Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology.~, 9-13-2018, "After a century, insulin is still expensive – could DIYers change that?," Conversation, https://theconversation.com/after-a-century-insulin-is-still-expensive-could-diyers-change-that-99822 DD AG Thus the plan, the United States of America ought to reduce intellectual property protections for insulin.The plan would be implemented through the Affordable Drug Manufacturing Act – precedent makes it normal meansScott 18 Dylan Scott ~grew up in Ohio, lived in Las Vegas for a year and moved to Washington in 2011. I cover health care and other domestic policy.~, 12-20-2018, "Elizabeth Warren's ambitious new bill to lower generic drug prices, explained," Vox, https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/12/20/18146993/elizabeth-warren-2020-election-drug-prices-bill DD AG IP stands in the way of innovative, biohacked insulin that solves diabetes and is cheaper than existing medicines – only the plan allow for a new wave of biohacked innovation – turns the innovation DAPeccoud et al 18 Jenna E. Gallegos ~~,1 Christopher Boyer,2 Eleanore Pauwels,3 Warren A. Kaplan,4 and Jean Peccoud ~Prof. Jean Peccoud joined the department in January 2016 as the Abell chair in synthetic biology~1,*, December 18, "The Open Insulin Project: A Case Study for 'Biohacked' Medicines"", Trends in Biotechnology Vol 36 No. 12, https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/pdf/S0167-7799(18)30200-2.pdf DD AG FrameworkThe standard is decreasing structural inequalitiesPrefer:1~ Prioritize structural impacts – worst-case scenario predictions are based on threat exaggeration – distorts rational decision-making and justify preemptive warfareMueller and Stewart '11 ~John, Woody Hayes National Security Studies and Professor of Political Science @ Ohio State University, Mark, Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle in Australia, "Terror, Security, and Money", page numbers below~ 2~ Predictions of rare events like extinction is next to impossible – prefer empirically verified events to improbable predictive analytics.a~ The future is unpredictable – the best way to preserve future value is to do good things nowKarnofsky 14 - Executive Director of the Open Philanthropy Project degree in Social Studies from Harvard University (Holden Karnofsky, 7/3/14, "The Moral Value of the Far Future" https://www.openphilanthropy.org/blog/moral-value-far-future) b~ The world is complex – linear predictions are incoherentGlover 12 (7/21/12, Robert W. Glover is the CLAS Honors Preceptor in Political Science at the University of Maine. "Compatibility or Incommensurability: IR Theory and Complex Systems Analysis" http://www.e-ir.info/2012/07/21/compatibility-or-incommensurability-ir-theory-and-complex-systems-analysis/~~#_ftn1) c~ You can't predict black swan eventsChadefaux 17 ~Thomas Chadefaux (Department of Political Science, Trinity University); 20 February 2017; Data Science Journal; "Conflict forecasting and its limits"; https://content.iospress.com/articles/data-science/ds002 BWSWJ~ 3~ Extinction is inevitable – that non uqs magnitude weighing and means we ought to prefer more probable impacts that happen soonerMonzon 20 Inigo Monzon ~International Business TImes~, 1-20-2020, "Mass Extinction After Asteroid Strike On Earth Is Inevitable, Scientists Reveal," International Business Times, https://www.ibtimes.com/mass-extinction-after-asteroid-strike-earth-inevitable-scientists-reveal-2905584 DD AG 4~ Actor specificity – it is the moral obligation of the United States government to help its citizens, especially those who suffer the most from disease and poverty. There is no unique obligation for the US to prevent extinction that may or may not occur thousands of years in the future – fill in by other countries solves that and proves structural violence has to come prior5~ Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itselfKessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) 6~ Reject "1 risk of extinction"– it collapses all policymakingMeskill 09 (David, professor at Colorado School of Mines and PhD from Harvard, "The "One Percent Doctrine" and Environmental Faith," Dec 9, http://davidmeskill.blogspot.com/2009/12/one-percent-doctrine-and-environmental.html) 7~ The impact to securitization is and un-ending cycle of violence – reject fearmongeringKessler 2008 (Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232 accesed 7/18/13 DG) | 9/20/21 |
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