| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Harvard | 2 | Palo Alto HL | Keval Botadra |
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| Harvard | 4 | Puyallup AC | Samuel Thomas |
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| Harvard | 6 | Athenian EY | Zach Perry |
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| Harvard | 7 | Calvert Hall TR | Likhita Thiriveedi |
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| Woodward | 2 | Peninsula Nishio | Naomi Alan |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
|---|---|---|
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: Palo Alto HL | Judge: Keval Botadra 1AC - Maximising Equality of Opportunity |
| Harvard | 4 | Opponent: Puyallup AC | Judge: Samuel Thomas 1AC - Kritik Colonialism |
| Harvard | 6 | Opponent: Athenian EY | Judge: Zach Perry 1AC - Preventing Structural Violence |
| Harvard | 7 | Opponent: Calvert Hall TR | Judge: Likhita Thiriveedi 1AC - Extinction |
| Woodward | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula Nishio | Judge: Naomi Alan 1AC - Extinction |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
| Entry | Date |
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JF22 - NC - Lib IdealsTournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula Nishio | Judge: Naomi Alan NCI negate the resolution resolved: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust.Before I begin with this debate, I offer the following definitionsAppropriation Onto my fwk, My value is justice, which means the best value criterion is the one that can truly achieve justice. Thus, my criterion is consistency with libertarian idealsBusiness Dictionary explains libertarian ideals as:Philosophical principle that ~Libertarian ideals~ suggests that a government's involvement in civil economical and social matters should be limited, and that the issues should be settled amongst civilians. Libertarianism seeks to provide free-will participants the ability to make decisive decisions without the government determining or influencing the outcome, as long as it does not harm other individuals. Libertarianism is based off the belief that each individual owns every aspect of their lives and thus should have the ability to control it. Prefer my criterion for the following reasons:As a society, we generally recognize that people need individual liberties and rights. Individuals control what they do and thus we must respect their rights.. Feser:But if individuals are inviolable ends-in-themselves (as Kant describes them) and self-owners, it follows, Nozick says, that they have certain rights, in particular (and here again following Locke) rights to their lives, liberty, and the fruits of their labor. To own something, after all, just is to have a right to it, or, more accurately, to possess the bundle of rights - rights to possess something, to dispose of it, to determine what may be done with it, etc. - that constitute ownership; and thus to own oneself is to have such rights to the various elements that make up one's self. These rights function, Nozick says, as side-constraints on the actions of others; they set limits on how others may, morally speaking, treat a person. So, for example, since you own yourself, and thus have a right to yourself, others are constrained morally not to kill or maim you (since this would involve destroying or damaging your property), or to kidnap you or forcibly remove one of your bodily organs for transplantation in someone else (since this would involve stealing your property). They are also constrained not to force you against your will to work for another's purposes, even if those purposes are good ones. For if you own yourself, it follows that you have a right to determine whether and how you will use your self-owned body and its powers, e.g. either to work or to refrain from working. Individuals have rights, so people must respect your actions and cannot restrict you. This also means the government cannot restrict you unless it is to prevent harm of another person. In order to make sure these rights are protected, we have to restrict the government. Because of this, the government’s only obligation is to protect rights. Feser 2:The various programs of the modern liberal welfare state are thus immoral, not only because they are inefficient and incompetently administered, but because they make slaves of the citizens of such a state. Indeed, the only sort of state that can be morally justified is what Nozick calls a minimal state or "night-watchman" state, a government which protects individuals, via police and military forces, from force, fraud, and theft, and administers courts of law, but does nothing else. In particular, such a state cannot regulate what citizens eat, drink, or smoke (since this would interfere with their right to use their self-owned bodies as they see fit), cannot control what they publish or read (since this would interfere with their right to use the property they've acquired with their self-owned labor - e.g. printing presses and paper - as they wish), This implies that anything the government does that is not either for protection or administering the courts is not just. So we have to minimize the government in order for it to not overstep its authority.Also, if a government has total control over society they can become corrupted easily. They have no one to be accountable to and thus can abuse their power. Thus, we have to restrict governmental authorityC1 – Equality for private entities1~ Denying direct private appropriation of outer space exacerbates preexisting inequalities and access to property creating an extremely unequal playing field. Rebecca Lowe, a political philosophy and economic researcher who specializes in moral property rights, writes on February 10, 2022,Lowe, Rebecca, "Space Invaders: Property Rights on the Moon", 10 February 2022, https://www.adamsmith.org/research/space-invaders AND entrenched by a nation-focused approach to the governance of space opportunities. 2~ Private companies are the ones who bear the financial and reputational burden of space exploration, and not only would their ability to appropriate improve their capability to help the world but they also have a direct right to it. Rebecca Lowe continues,Lowe, Rebecca, "Space Invaders: Property Rights on the Moon", 10 February 2022, https://www.adamsmith.org/research/space-invaders AND increasingly significant portion of the serious financial and reputational risk of space progress. Case v1Subpoint A: Mining Asteroid mining offers incredible economic gainsReinstein 99 AND that 2,000 NEAs larger than 1 km in diameter exist.12 Asteroid mining protects the environment—it leads to solar-powered satellites and offsets terrestrial extractionTaylor 19 AND to ship stuff in zero-G environments. Competition in space between private entities lowers costs and barriers of entry for other companies increasing technological innovationLizzy Gurdus, FEB 27 2021, CNBC, "Private companies such as SpaceX are driving costs down for everyone in the space race, says man behind UFO ETF", ~https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/27/private-companies-like-spacex-are-driving-industry-costs-down-ceo.html~~ ahs ja AND one of positive benefit for all, while making opportunities inclusive to all. Case v2DebrisAsteroid mining would occur on asteroids, which are literally in the asteroid belt. They have ZERO internal link about how space dust would affect satelites that are around Earth. The Asteroid Belt is quite far, Williams 16AUGUST 10, 2016 BY MATT WILLIAMS, "How Far is the Asteroid Belt from Earth?" https://www.universetoday.com/130136/far-asteroid-belt-earth/ LHP AV AND Jupiter (4.2 AU) when they are at their closest. And, Jupiter is our savior, Louise 21:Nickie Louise, NOVEMBER 7, 2021,"Here is how Jupiter protects Earth from asteroids and saves us from destruction," https://techstartups.com/2021/11/07/jupiter-protects-earth-asteroids/ LHP AV AND Jupiter. Below is a video of how Jupiter saves Earth from destruction. If it can deflect asteroids, it would obviously pull space dust.Space junk is already orbitting us, and the aff can never solve the root cause – at best, they only reduce new debris. – but the only way to guarantee debris crashes don’t happen is to actually remove the debris instead of just marginally stopping how much new debris gets created (bucket example can be used in 2n). According to Rhimbassen, private appropriation is key to active debris removal, also known as ADR, the only real, long-term solution to debris,Maria Lucas-Rhimbassen*, Cristiana Santos*, George Antony Long, Lucien Rapp* 2019, "Conceptual model for a profitable return on investment from space debris as abiotic space resource" https://chaire-sirius.eu/documents/c798f8-eucass-fp0602-1906190421.pdf AND difficult, which may deter OOS efforts and ADR initiatives such as recyclers. AT MiningAsteroid mining isn’t profitable and doesn’t tradeoff with terrestrial miningElvis 17 ~(Martin, X-Ray Astronomy PhD @Leicester University, A. Stark, B. Stalder, and C. Desira) "Astronomical Prospecting of Asteroid Resources," European Planetary Science Congress, 2017~ TDI AND ~90, have no spectral information, and so have undetermined types. | 3/19/22 |
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