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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Lexington JB | Claudia Ribera |
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| Newman Smith | 1 | Lovejoy GL | Jimmy Wolf |
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| St Marks | 1 | Lexington AW | Aisha Bawany |
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| St Marks | 4 | Ayala AM | Dillon Johnson |
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| St Marks | 6 | Harvard Westlake JH | Colton Gilbert |
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| St Marks | Doubles | Harker AS | Ari Davidson, Colton Gilbert, Gerard Grigsby |
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| TFA State | 1 | Plano East AD | Kristi Goemmer |
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| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Sage Hill MP | Gerard Grigsby, Quentin Clark |
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| debateLA Challenge | 4 | Harvard Westlake IC | Kristiana Baez, Joseph Barquin |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Lexington JB | Judge: Claudia Ribera 1AC - Germany v1 |
| Newman Smith | 1 | Opponent: Lovejoy GL | Judge: Jimmy Wolf 1AC - GHI v1 |
| St Marks | 1 | Opponent: Lexington AW | Judge: Aisha Bawany 1AC - Pricing v1 |
| St Marks | 4 | Opponent: Ayala AM | Judge: Dillon Johnson 1AC - Pricing 1AC v1 |
| St Marks | 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JH | Judge: Colton Gilbert 1AC - Pricing v1 |
| St Marks | Doubles | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson, Colton Gilbert, Gerard Grigsby 1AC - Pricing v2 |
| TFA State | 1 | Opponent: Plano East AD | Judge: Kristi Goemmer 1AC - Climate v1 |
| debateLA Challenge | 1 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Quentin Clark 1AC - Colonialism v1 |
| debateLA Challenge | 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake IC | Judge: Kristiana Baez, Joseph Barquin 1AC - Colonialism v1 |
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0 - Contact InfoTournament: none | Round: Finals | Opponent: none | Judge: none Please let me know if you don’t have access to any articles/books I’ve got cards disclosed from and I’ll send you the full text! My cite box for the germany aff is broken, but it's on open source. | 11/21/21 |
JANFEB - Colonialism 1AC v1Tournament: debateLA Challenge | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sage Hill MP | Judge: Gerard Grigsby, Quentin Clark FramingThe status quo is in jeopardy of recreating the same geopolitical relations based on colonial logics in outer spaceKlinger 18 (Julie Michelle Klinger is a geographer at the University of Delaware. She was formerly Assistant Professor of International Relations at the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University.), "A Brief History of Outer Space Cooperation Between Latin America and China", Journal of Latin American Geography, University of Texas Press, Volume 17, Number 2, July 2018, pg. 51-53, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/701023 NT AND , and on a key overlooked area of global space politics in particular. The scramble to occupy outer space is based in settler logicsSmiles 20 (Deondre Smiles, Ph.D. is a postdoctoral scholar at The Ohio State University. A citizen of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, his ongoing research agenda is situated at the intersection of critical Indigenous geographies and political ecology, centered in the argument that tribal protection of remains, burial grounds, and more-than-human environments represents an effective form of ‘quotidian’ resistance against the settler colonial state.), "The Settler Logics of (Outer) Space", Society and Space, October 26th, 2020, https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/the-settler-logics-of-outer-space NT AND a crucial moment where the settler state turns its gaze towards the same. The judge should embrace an intellectual orientation and disruption to the colonial logics that constitutes the world. This requires critical and historical questions and not policy recipes.Biswas 7 (Shampa Biswas Politics @ Whitman, 2007, "Empire and Global Public Intellectuals: Reading Edward Said as an International Relations Theorist" Millennium 36 (1) p. 117-125 AND expertise) in the most fundamental and important senses of the vocation.21 AdvantageStates use increasingly narrow interpretations of the Outer Space Treaty’s non-appropriation principle to allow for a first-come-first-serve scramble for resource extraction and property rightsPershing 19 (Abigail D. Pershing is a Robina Fellow at European Court of Human Rights. Graduate of UChicago in Sociology, Public Policy and Yale Law School.), "Interpreting the Outer Space Treaty’s Non-Appropriation Principle: Customary International Law from 1967 to Today", The Yale Journal of International Law, Volume 44, Issue 1, 2019, pg. 161-166, https://openyls.law.yale.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13051/6733/Pershing.pdf?sequence=2 NT AND in customary international law to allow for in situ ownership of space property. Clear guidelines in space law are key to collaborative space explorationSkibba 21 (Ramin Skibbais the space writer at Wired magazine. Previously an astrophysicist, his science writing has appeared in The Atlantic, Slate, Scientific American and Nature, among others. He is based in San Diego.), "Decolonising the cosmos", Aeon, November 12th, 2021, https://aeon.co/essays/we-need-a-more-egalitarian-approach-to-space-exploration NT AND we need a consensus about who has access and which activities are permitted. Colonial powers like the US and China exploit legal ambiguity about private appropriation to achieve space dominanceAT Space Mining DA – turns the private innovation link because it proves dominant purpose of private space mining is to enhance national soft power and acquire space resources for national use AND information of their consumers unknowingly (Balkin, 2018: 2050-2051). Privatization escalates space conflict – ASAT strikes, space debris, and military confrontations cascade from space colonizationSalazar 21 (Materials Engineering and Political Science – with a Global Politics concentration – pursuing master’s degree in Polymers and Coatings. Following his M.A. at Cal Poly, Juan plans to pursue a doctorate degree in materials science and engineering and become a professor so that he can inspire future scientists to conduct research with consideration for society. Ideally, he will serve to advance the interests of both science and society and help equip the next generation of students with a unique and eclectic education) "SPACE PRIVATIZATION, COLONIZATION, AND MILITARIZATION: A NEW FRONTIER FOR INTERNATIONAL LAW", https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101andcontext=paideia KD AND , standards for social justice, equity, and equality will be challenged. Space colonization makes nuclear space war inevitable given current geopolitical tensionsPethokoukis and Deudney 21 (James Pethokoukis Senior Fellow; Editor, AEIdeas Blog; and DeWitt Wallace Chair. Daniel H. Deudney teaches political science, international relations and political theory at Johns Hopkins University. He holds a BA in political science and philosophy from Yale University, a MPA in science, technology, and public policy from George Washington University, and a PhD in political science from Princeton University.), "Space expansionism, geopolitics, and the future of humanity: My long-read QandA with Daniel Deudney", AEI Ideas, 6-19-21, https://www.aei.org/economics/space-expansionism-geopolitics-and-the-future-of-humanity-my-long-read-qa-with-daniel-deudney/ NT AND an uncertain conclusion. That’s right. That’s clearly where we’re headed now. Plan TextRecognizing that the appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust, states ought to extend the non-appropriation principle of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 to private entities.SolvencyTreaties are normal means for establishing necessary multilateral space iLAWSpace is historically unregulated because no country has a jurisdictional claim in space AND maneuvers" (U.N. Office for Disarmament Affairs, 1979). Applying International Humanitarian Law (IHL) from the OST is key to resolving space conflictSchmitt and Tinkler 20 (Michael Schmitt (@Schmitt'ILaw) is Professor of International Law at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom; G. Norman Lieber Distinguished Scholar at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Squadron Leader Tinkler is a Legal Officer with the Royal Air Force and currently Associate Director for the Law of Coalition Air and Space Warfare at the Stockton Center for International Law, U.S. Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.), "War in Space: How International Humanitarian Law Might Apply", Just Security, Woomera Manual Project, https://www.justsecurity.org/68906/war-in-space-how-international-humanitarian-law-might-apply/ NT AND order to apply the principle of distinction during armed conflict in outer space. Treaties developing detailed principles let states facilitate increased IHL compliance.Massingham and McConnachie 21, Eve Massingham ~Senior Research Fellow in the Law and the Future of War team at the University of Queensland School of Law. She has worked in the field of IHL for ten years with the International Red Cross and Red Cres- cent Movement throughout East and Southern Africa and in Australia. Eve holds a PhD from the University of Queensland and, among other qualifica- tions, an LLM from King’s College London where she attended as a Cheven- ing Scholar. She is an Australian qualified lawyer and has published a number of book chapters and articles on IHL. Eve has also served as an Australian Army Reserve Officer~ and Annabel McConnachie ~worked with the IHL team at Australian Red Cross as a volunteer and staff member since 2003. Primarily involved with dis- semination activities, she led the project developing a series of advocacy pub- lications in collaboration with Pacific National Red Cross Societies for high- level engagement with parliamentarians. Annabel holds a BA (Hons) in law and history from Keele University and a Master of International Relations from Macquarie University in Sydney, where she lectured and convened units about human rights, international law and forced migration for ten years~, "Common Article 1: emerging themes," ch. 17 in Ensuring Respect for International Humanitarian Law (ed. Eve Massingham and Annabel McConnachie), Routledge Research in the Law of Armed Conflict, 2021, card from pg. 266-268, beckert AND procedures whether Saudi Arabia was committing breaches of IHL/war crimes in Yemen Extending the non-appropriation principle to private entities solves colonial logics and space conflictTronchetti 07 (Dr. Fabio Tronchetti works as a Co-Director of the Institute of Space Law and Strategy and as a Zhuoyue Associate Professor at Beihang University, Beijing (China). He is also an Adjunct Professor of Comparative National Space Law at the School of Law of the University of Mississippi. Previously, he worked as an Associate Professor at the School of Law of the Harbin Institute of Technology (China) and as Lecturer at the International Institute of Air and Space Law, Leiden University (the Netherlands). Dr. Tronchetti holds a PhD in International Law (Leiden University), an Advanced LL.M in International Relations (Bologna University, Italy) and studied at the University of Cambridge, England (UK). He is the co-recipient of the 2015 International Academic of Astronautics Social Science Book Award for the best book of 2015 in the field of social science for the book "Handbook of Space Law", co/authored with Prof. Frans von der Dunk.), "The Non-Appropriation Principle under Attack: Using Article II of the Outer Space Treaty in its Defence", 2007, International Institute of Space Law, Political Science, https://iislweb.org/docs/Diederiks2007.pdf NT AND allow the harmonized management of space activities in the era of space commercialisation. Amending space iLAW is an opportunity to reframe traditional IR discussions about sustainable use and security concernsSutch and Roberts 19 (Peter Sutch Department of Politics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK and Department of Politics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Peri Roberts Department of Politics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK), "Outer space and neo-colonial injustice: Distributive justice and the continuous scramble for dominium", International Journal of Social Economics, Vol 46, Issue 11, August 23rd, 2019, https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJSE-03-2019-0152/full/html NT AND different and our debates must, once again, return to these questions. | 1/14/22 |
SEPOCT - GHI 1AC v1Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lovejoy GL | Judge: Jimmy Wolf SO21 – 1AC – GHIFrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being~1~ Policy focus - Ethical policymaking requires calculation of consequencesGvosdev 5 – Rhodes scholar, PhD from St. Antony’s College, executive editor of The National Interest (Nikolas, The Value(s) of Realism, SAIS Review 25.1, pmuse, AG) AND —and the one that had also been roundly condemned on moral grounds. ~2~ No moral intent/foresight distinction for states—it’s just avoiding responsibility.David Enoch 7 ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem~, "INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE," Legal Theory, 13 (2007), 69–99, pg. 90-1, beckert AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. ~3~ Ethical agnosticism means we should default towards preventing extinction as a meta-constraint on all ethical theories.Nick Bostrom 13 ~Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Oxford~, "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority", Global Policy, Vol 4, Issue 1 (2013): 15-31, BE AND , finally, makes humanity more likely to want to realize human values. PlanPlan Text: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines.Contention 1 – Global Health Inequality (GHI)Subpoint A – Access to MedicineIP protections allow developed countries to maintain extended monopolies in pharma, disproportionately hurting low-income countriesBaker et al 17 (Dean Baker is an American macroeconomist and co-founder, with Mark Weisbrot, of the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, D.C. He is credited as one of the first economists to have identified the 2007–08 United States housing bubble., Arjun Jayadev is an Associate Professor of Economics at Azim Premji University and University of Massachusetts Boston., Joseph Stiglitz is an American economist, public policy analyst, and a professor at Columbia University. He is a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and the John Bates Clark Medal.), "Innovation, Intellectual Property, and Development: A BETTER SET OF APPROACHES FOR THE 21st CENTURY", July 2017, Azim Premji University and Columbia University, pg. 27-28, https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/jstiglitz/sites/jstiglitz/files/IP20for2021st20Century20-20EN.pdf NT AND smaller that they are unlikely to affect significantly the overall pace of innovation. Patents and market exclusivity are vital to big pharma monopolies, preventing generics from entering the market and allowing heavily marked-up pricesKesselheim et al 16 (Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH, Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Jerry Avorn, Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Chief of the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Ameet Sarpatwari is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and the Assistant Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) within the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics at Brigham and Women's Hospital.), "The High Cost of Prescription Drugs in the United States Origins and Prospects for Reform", Journal of the American Medical Association, 8-23-16, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2545691 NT AND settlement and agreed to wait until patent expiration to market its product.56 Big pharma monopolies are detrimental to developing countries – patent law and TRIPS both decrease access to medicineAhmediani and Nikfar 16 (Saeed Ahmadiani and Shekoufeh Nikfar both work in the Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration at Tehran University of Medical Sciences), "Challenges of access to medicine and the responsibility of pharmaceutical companies: a legal perspective", 5-4-16, DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, pg. 2-3, DOI 10.1186/s40199-016-0151-z, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4855755/ NT AND be considered as a breach of human rights as will be explained further. Pharma patents are rewarding failure and benefit the least innovative parts of the industryFeldman 8/8/21 (Robin Feldman’s work focuses on the role of intellectual property law in technology and innovation; drug patents, pricing, and health care law; and artificial intelligence and data. She is the Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, the Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the UC Hastings Center for Innovation (C4i).), "Our patent system is broken. And it could be stifling innovation.", The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/08/08/our-patent-system-is-broken-it-could-be-stifling-innovation/ NT AND system from time immemorial, hampering our ability to innovate in crucial areas. Subpoint B – Climate ChangeRemoving patents for drugs removes the incentive for pharma companies to merge by removing the common threat of patent cliffs, which solves innovation and increases drug researchFeldman 4/6/21 (Robin Feldman’s work focuses on the role of intellectual property law in technology and innovation; drug patents, pricing, and health care law; and artificial intelligence and data. She is the Arthur J. Goldberg Distinguished Professor of Law, the Albert Abramson ’54 Distinguished Professor of Law Chair, and Director of the UC Hastings Center for Innovation (C4i).), "Drug companies keep merging. Why that’s bad for consumers and innovation.", The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/04/06/drug-companies-keep-merging-why-thats-bad-consumers-innovation/ NT AND companies also spent proportionally less on research than their non-merged competitors. The pharma industry exacerbates climate change, with big pharma causing significantly more carbon emissions than even the automotive industryBelkhir 4/19/21 (Dr. Lotfi Belkhir, tenure track Associate Professor, Walter G. Booth School of Engineering Practice, and Class of 1962 Mechanical Engineering Endowed Chair in Eco-Entrepreneurship. Dr. Belkhir is a visionary and results-driven academic and business practitioner. He is a researcher, teacher, inventor and entrepreneurial leader with 17 years of distinguished industrial experience in sustainable and innovation-powered business creation and economic growth. Dr. Belkhir is an expert and thought-leader in the field of Total Sustainable Management, Eco entrepreneurship, digital convergence and its socio-environmental impact. Possesses proven leadership skills in research and development, IP protection, business development, finance, strategic planning, and general management. He possesses strong and successful international experience and alliances, public speaking, and relationship building. Multicultural, and fluent in English, French and Arabic, Dr. Belkhir earned his Ph.D. in condensed matter physics from SUNY and MBA in Management of Technology, Walden University.), "How big pharma contributes to climate change", Global News, first published 6-1-19 and updated 4-19-21, https://globalnews.ca/news/5330863/climate-change-pharmaceutical-companies/ NT AND level, namely Amgen Inc., Johnson and Johnson and Roche Holding AG. Warming causes extinction, mass inequality and guarantees every other impact—only the plan can reduce emissionsSpratt and Dunplop 19, David Spratt ~Research Director for Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration, Melbourne, and co-author of Climate Code Red: The case for emergency action~ and Ian Dunlop ~member of the Club of Rome. Formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chairman of the Australian Coal Association, chief executive of the Australian Institute of Company Directors, and chair of the Australian Greenhouse Office Experts Group on Emissions Trading 1998-2000~, "Existential climate-related security risk: A scenario approach," Breakthrough - National Centre for Climate Restoration, May 2019, pg. 8-10, beckert. Brackets in original text AND elements, including Arctic sea-ice, West Antarctica and coral reefs. The plan solves - WTO is crucial to global equity and reduce povertyNarlikar, PhD, 18 AND lose for all, but particularly the poorest in developed and rising powers. | 9/24/21 |
SEPOCT - Pricing 1AC v1Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington AW | Judge: Aisha Bawany 1AC – PricingFrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being~1~ Policy focus - Ethical policymaking requires calculation of consequencesGvosdev 5 – Rhodes scholar, PhD from St. Antony’s College, executive editor of The National Interest (Nikolas, The Value(s) of Realism, SAIS Review 25.1, pmuse, AG) AND —and the one that had also been roundly condemned on moral grounds. ~2~ No moral intent/foresight distinction for states—it’s just avoiding responsibility.David Enoch 7 ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem~, "INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE," Legal Theory, 13 (2007), 69–99, pg. 90-1, beckert AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. ~3~ Ethical agnosticism means we should default towards preventing extinction as a meta-constraint on all ethical theories.Nick Bostrom 13 ~Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Oxford~, "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority", Global Policy, Vol 4, Issue 1 (2013): 15-31, BE AND , finally, makes humanity more likely to want to realize human values. Contention – PricingContention 1 is Pricing –Data exclusivity ramps up drug prices – best empirics prove TRIPS-plus rules create a monopoly over drug pricesThrasher 21, Rachel JD, MA IR @ BU, co-editor of The Future of South-South Economic Relations, Researcher at BU (May 25, 2021, "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices," BU Global Development Policy Center, https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/) KD AND have real impacts on the affordability and accessibility of medicines for their constituents. DE props up monopolies, which prevents development of life-saving drugs while increasing profit margins for pharma manufacturersDWB 12, Doctors Without Borders, international humanitarian medical non-governmental provides pro-boo medical assistance in conflict zones and initiatives to help countries plagued by diseases (Trading Away Health: How the U.S.’s Intellectual Property Demands for the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Threaten Access to Medicines, Issue Brief, August 2012, Access Campaign, Medicine Sans Frontiers) KD AND prices from $0.09 to $4.85 per pill. High medicine costs bad – best research confirms widespread shortages for specialty medicines not covered by insuranceRadcliffe 17, Health and Science Journalist, science writer and yoga teacher ("High Drug Prices Tipping Point," Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health-news/have-drug-prices-finally-reached-tipping-point~~#2) KD AND on basic needs such as food in order to pay for their medications. Cost-related nonadherence kills millions – best bipartisan empirics confirmBrierly 20, Director of Communications at West Health, former US House of Representatives Press Secretary ("New Study Predicts More Than 1.1 Million Deaths Among Medicare...," West Health, https://www.westhealth.org/press-release/study-predicts-1-million-deaths-due-to-high-cost-prescription-drugs/) KD Non-adherence causes extinctionFarrah 20, AMR Insights offers valuable information, targeted training and global networking and partnering opportunities ("A Threat Deadlier Than Climate Change: Antibiotic Resistance," AMR Insights, https://www.amr-insights.eu/a-threat-deadlier-than-climate-change-antibiotic-resistance/) KD Plan key – solving public health emergencies requires multilateral cooperation that only the 1AC ensures through strengthening global health diplomacyVaccine science diplomacy: branch of science diplomacy that could lead to lifesaving vaccines developed between nations with strongly different ideologies. Drug pricing decks international cooperation over global health – empirics prove the plan is reverse casualKickbush et al 7, Graduate Institute of International Studies, rue de Lausanne 132, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland, Graduate Institute of International Studies, rue de Lausanne 132, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manquinhas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Global health diplomacy: the need for new perspectives, strategic approaches and skills in global health, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Special theme — Health and foreign policy, Global health diplomacy, https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource'ssm'path=/media/assets/bwho/v85n3/v85n3a18.pdf) KD Medical diplomacy spreads accessibility of critical drugs – saves millions of lives per yearZarocostas 07, Geneva-based independent international correspondent and broadcaster, with more than 20 years experience in covering international global issues, including world health, development and humanitarian issues ("Better access to drugs could save 10 million lives a year, says UN expert," PubMed Central (PMC), BMJ. 2007 Sep 29; 335(7621): 635. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39349.706782.DB, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1995491/) KD Critiques of clinical testing miss the boat – the 1AC’s orientation towards clinical studies positively reduces unethical testingBoyle 21, Senior Staff Writer, Association of American Medical Colleges ("Five ways that clinical trials might change for good," AAMC, https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/five-ways-clinical-trials-might-change-good) KD Contention – SolvencyPlan: The member nations of the WTO should reduce Intellectual Property protections for medicines with data exclusivity protections.Shorter DE solves pricing by improving clinical trial success and efficiency – that resolves alt causesKimball and Ragavan et al 20, Vice President of Trade and International Affairs at the Association for Accessible Medicines, Professor at Texas AandM University School of Law, (Reconsidering the Rationale for the Duration of Data Exclusivity, Texas AandM University School of Law, Texas AandM Law Scholarship, 51 U. Pac. L. Rev. 525, https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/1399) KD The plan removes additional protections and slashes monopoly periods to create adequate development incentives.Kimball and Ragavan et al 20, Vice President of Trade and International Affairs at the Association for Accessible Medicines, Professor at Texas AandM University School of Law, ("TradeRx Report Is it Time to Do Away with Data Exclusivity?," TradeRx Report, https://www.traderxreport.com/data-exclusivities/is-it-time-to-do-away-with-data-exclusivity/) KD International medical cooperation strengthens global health initiativesDiallo 21, Researcher and Project Coordinator at Access to Medicine Foundnation, guides pharmaceutical companies to do more for low and middle-income countries without access to medicine ("Why access matters," Access to Medicine Foundation, https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/access-to-medicine-index/about-the-index/why-access-matters~~#) KD That solves bioterror attacks and antimicrobial resistance, the key internal link to sustained pandemicsAMR - no herd immunity - longer-lasting and stronger pandemics Bioterrorism and future pandemics cause extinction.Hamish De Bretton-Gordon, CBRN Expert @ British Army, 20 ~Director @ DBG Defense, Consultant on CBRN and Biosecurity~, "Biosecurity in the Wake of COVID-19: The Urgent Action Needed," Combatting Terrorism Center Sentinel, November/December 2020, Volume 13, Issue 11, https://ctc.usma.edu/biosecurity-in-the-wake-of-covid-19-the-urgent-action-needed/ | 10/17/21 |
SEPOCT - Pricing 1AC v2Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Harker AS | Judge: Ari Davidson, Colton Gilbert, Gerard Grigsby 1AC – PricingFrameworkThe standard is maximizing expected well-being~1~ Policy focus - Ethical policymaking requires calculation of consequencesGvosdev 5 – Rhodes scholar, PhD from St. Antony’s College, executive editor of The National Interest (Nikolas, The Value(s) of Realism, SAIS Review 25.1, pmuse, AG) AND —and the one that had also been roundly condemned on moral grounds. ~2~ No moral intent/foresight distinction for states—it’s just avoiding responsibility.David Enoch 7 ~The Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mount Scopus Campus, Jerusalem~, "INTENDING, FORESEEING, AND THE STATE," Legal Theory, 13 (2007), 69–99, pg. 90-1, beckert AND against the intending-foreseeing distinction when applied to state action than elsewhere. ~3~ Ethical agnosticism means we should default towards preventing extinction as a meta-constraint on all ethical theories.Nick Bostrom 13 ~Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, Oxford~, "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority", Global Policy, Vol 4, Issue 1 (2013): 15-31, BE AND , finally, makes humanity more likely to want to realize human values. Contention – PricingData exclusivity ramps up drug prices – best empirics prove TRIPS-plus rules create a monopoly over drug pricesThrasher 21, Rachel JD, MA IR @ BU, co-editor of The Future of South-South Economic Relations, Researcher at BU (May 25, 2021, "Chart of the Week: How Data Exclusivity Laws Impact Drug Prices," BU Global Development Policy Center, https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2021/05/25/chart-of-the-week-how-data-exclusivity-laws-impact-drug-prices/) KD AND have real impacts on the affordability and accessibility of medicines for their constituents. DE props up monopolies, which prevents development of life-saving drugs while increasing profit margins for pharma manufacturersDWB 12, Doctors Without Borders, international humanitarian medical non-governmental provides pro-boo medical assistance in conflict zones and initiatives to help countries plagued by diseases (Trading Away Health: How the U.S.’s Intellectual Property Demands for the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement Threaten Access to Medicines, Issue Brief, August 2012, Access Campaign, Medicine Sans Frontiers) KD AND prices from $0.09 to $4.85 per pill. High medicine costs bad – best research confirms widespread shortages for specialty medicines not covered by insuranceRadcliffe 17, Health and Science Journalist, science writer and yoga teacher ("High Drug Prices Tipping Point," Healthline, https://www.healthline.com/health-news/have-drug-prices-finally-reached-tipping-point~~#2) KD AND on basic needs such as food in order to pay for their medications. Cost-related nonadherence kills millions – best bipartisan empirics confirmBrierly 20, Director of Communications at West Health, former US House of Representatives Press Secretary ("New Study Predicts More Than 1.1 Million Deaths Among Medicare...," West Health, https://www.westhealth.org/press-release/study-predicts-1-million-deaths-due-to-high-cost-prescription-drugs/) KD Non-adherence causes extinctionFarrah 20, AMR Insights offers valuable information, targeted training and global networking and partnering opportunities ("A Threat Deadlier Than Climate Change: Antibiotic Resistance," AMR Insights, https://www.amr-insights.eu/a-threat-deadlier-than-climate-change-antibiotic-resistance/) KD Plan key – solving public health emergencies requires multilateral cooperation that only the 1AC ensures through strengthening global health diplomacyVaccine science diplomacy: branch of science diplomacy that could lead to lifesaving vaccines developed between nations with strongly different ideologies. Generic medicines are the lynchpin of pharma innovation, but status quo DE prevents developmentRagavan 17, Professor at Texas AandM University School of Law, (The Significance of the Data Exclusivity and Its Impact on Generic Drugs, 1 J. Intell. Prop. Stud. 131, https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1816andcontext=facscholar) KD Drug pricing decks international cooperation over global health – empirics prove the plan is reverse casualKickbush et al 7, Graduate Institute of International Studies, rue de Lausanne 132, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland, Graduate Institute of International Studies, rue de Lausanne 132, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manquinhas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Global health diplomacy: the need for new perspectives, strategic approaches and skills in global health, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Special theme — Health and foreign policy, Global health diplomacy, https://www.scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource'ssm'path=/media/assets/bwho/v85n3/v85n3a18.pdf) KD Medical diplomacy spreads accessibility of critical drugs – saves millions of lives per yearZarocostas 07, Geneva-based independent international correspondent and broadcaster, with more than 20 years experience in covering international global issues, including world health, development and humanitarian issues ("Better access to drugs could save 10 million lives a year, says UN expert," PubMed Central (PMC), BMJ. 2007 Sep 29; 335(7621): 635. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39349.706782.DB, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1995491/) KD Critiques of clinical testing miss the boat – the 1AC’s orientation towards clinical studies positively reduces unethical testingBoyle 21, Senior Staff Writer, Association of American Medical Colleges ("Five ways that clinical trials might change for good," AAMC, https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/five-ways-clinical-trials-might-change-good) KD PlanPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines with data exclusivity protections.SolvencyShorter DE solves pricing by improving clinical trial success and efficiency – that resolves alt causesKimball and Ragavan et al 20, Vice President of Trade and International Affairs at the Association for Accessible Medicines, Professor at Texas AandM University School of Law, (Reconsidering the Rationale for the Duration of Data Exclusivity, Texas AandM University School of Law, Texas AandM Law Scholarship, 51 U. Pac. L. Rev. 525, https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/1399) KD The plan removes additional protections and slashes monopoly periods to create adequate development incentives.Kimball and Ragavan et al 20, Vice President of Trade and International Affairs at the Association for Accessible Medicines, Professor at Texas AandM University School of Law, ("TradeRx Report Is it Time to Do Away with Data Exclusivity?," TradeRx Report, https://www.traderxreport.com/data-exclusivities/is-it-time-to-do-away-with-data-exclusivity/) KD International medical cooperation strengthens global health initiativesDiallo 21, Researcher and Project Coordinator at Access to Medicine Foundnation, guides pharmaceutical companies to do more for low and middle-income countries without access to medicine ("Why access matters," Access to Medicine Foundation, https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/access-to-medicine-index/about-the-index/why-access-matters~~#) KD That solves bioterror attacks and antimicrobial resistance, the key internal link to sustained pandemicsAMR - no herd immunity - longer-lasting and stronger pandemics Bioterrorism and future pandemics cause extinction.Hamish De Bretton-Gordon, CBRN Expert @ British Army, 20 ~Director @ DBG Defense, Consultant on CBRN and Biosecurity~, "Biosecurity in the Wake of COVID-19: The Urgent Action Needed," Combatting Terrorism Center Sentinel, November/December 2020, Volume 13, Issue 11, https://ctc.usma.edu/biosecurity-in-the-wake-of-covid-19-the-urgent-action-needed/ | 10/23/21 |
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