| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| TOC | 3 | american heritage broward mc | vishan chaudhary |
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| TOC | 2 | prospect st | chris castillo |
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| TOC note | Finals | someone | anyone |
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| barkley forum | 2 | charlotte latin el | devin anderson |
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| barkley forum | 4 | mercer island ks | carlos carrasco |
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| barkley forum | 6 | immaculate heart jl | david salazaar |
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| berkeley | 2 | archbishop mitty ac | vishan chaudhary |
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| berkeley | 2 | archbishop mitty ac | vishan chaudhary |
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| berkeley | 6 | honor dl | lindsay van luvanee |
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| blue key | 1 | monta vista rd | henry eberhart |
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| blue key | 3 | carnegie vanguard sr | jp stuckert |
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| blue key | 6 | american heritage broward mr | eugene toth |
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| blue key round robin | 2 | lake highland ab | panel |
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| blue key round robin | 3 | lexington bf | panel |
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| greenhill | 4 | nathan gong | jp stuckert |
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| greenhill | 5 | daniel lee | gordon krauss |
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| greenhill | Doubles | northland christian lb | panel |
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| greenhill | 2 | southlake as | amy chakladar |
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| lexington | 1 | scarsdale dw | derek ying |
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| lexington | 3 | prospect st | temitope ogundare |
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| lexington | 5 | iowa city west st | neda barhani |
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| lexington | Doubles | st agnes eh | panel |
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| mid america cup | 1 | mission san jose sb | saied beckford |
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| mid america cup | 3 | mission san jose ss | nigel taylor ward |
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| mid america cup | 6 | sage mp | chris castillo |
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| mid america cup | Doubles | princeton jg | panel |
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| mid america cup rr | 5 | american heritage broward em | panel |
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| mid america cup rr | 2 | mission san jose sr | panel |
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| mid america cup rr | 1 | sage mp | panel |
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| sunvite | 2 | lexington ms | sierra romero |
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| sunvite | 5 | lexington bf | heaven montague |
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| sunvite | Quarters | murphy independent aw | panel |
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| sunvite | Semis | american heritage broward ss | panel |
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| sunvite | 3 | american heritage broward em | chasia jeffries |
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| tournament | Finals | bladee | playboi carti |
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| tournament | Finals | bataille | an egg |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| TOC | 3 | Opponent: american heritage broward mc | Judge: vishan chaudhary AC- twinkle twinkle little star v11 |
| TOC | 2 | Opponent: prospect st | Judge: chris castillo AC- twin fantasy |
| barkley forum | 2 | Opponent: charlotte latin el | Judge: devin anderson AC- twinkle twinkle v7 |
| barkley forum | 4 | Opponent: mercer island ks | Judge: carlos carrasco AC- twinkle twinkle little star v8 |
| barkley forum | 6 | Opponent: immaculate heart jl | Judge: david salazaar AC- twinkle twinkle little star v8 |
| berkeley | 2 | Opponent: archbishop mitty ac | Judge: vishan chaudhary AC- twinkle twinkle little star |
| berkeley | 2 | Opponent: archbishop mitty ac | Judge: vishan chaudhary AC- twinkle twinkle little star |
| berkeley | 6 | Opponent: honor dl | Judge: lindsay van luvanee AC- twinkle twinkle little star v10 |
| blue key | 1 | Opponent: monta vista rd | Judge: henry eberhart AC- here comes the sun v3 |
| blue key | 3 | Opponent: carnegie vanguard sr | Judge: jp stuckert AC- the empire strikes back |
| blue key | 6 | Opponent: american heritage broward mr | Judge: eugene toth AC- here comes the sun (same version) |
| blue key round robin | 2 | Opponent: lake highland ab | Judge: panel AC- here comes the sun |
| blue key round robin | 3 | Opponent: lexington bf | Judge: panel AC- here comes the sun v2 |
| greenhill | 4 | Opponent: nathan gong | Judge: jp stuckert AC- november27th 2126 (same version) |
| greenhill | 5 | Opponent: daniel lee | Judge: gordon krauss AC- november 27th same version |
| greenhill | Doubles | Opponent: northland christian lb | Judge: panel AC- november 27th same version |
| greenhill | 2 | Opponent: southlake as | Judge: amy chakladar AC- november 27th 2126 |
| lexington | 1 | Opponent: scarsdale dw | Judge: derek ying AC- twinkle twinkle little star v5 |
| lexington | 3 | Opponent: prospect st | Judge: temitope ogundare AC- twinkle twinkle little star v6 |
| lexington | 5 | Opponent: iowa city west st | Judge: neda barhani AC- twinkle twinkle little star v5 |
| lexington | Doubles | Opponent: st agnes eh | Judge: panel AC- twinkle twinkle little star v3 |
| mid america cup | 1 | Opponent: mission san jose sb | Judge: saied beckford AC- november 27th 2126 same versio |
| mid america cup | 3 | Opponent: mission san jose ss | Judge: nigel taylor ward AC- november 27th 2126 (same version) |
| mid america cup | 6 | Opponent: sage mp | Judge: chris castillo AC- november 27th 2126 same version |
| mid america cup | Doubles | Opponent: princeton jg | Judge: panel AC- november 27th 2126 v2 |
| mid america cup rr | 5 | Opponent: american heritage broward em | Judge: panel check cites |
| mid america cup rr | 2 | Opponent: mission san jose sr | Judge: panel AC- november 27th 2126 same version |
| mid america cup rr | 1 | Opponent: sage mp | Judge: panel AC- bagel |
| sunvite | 2 | Opponent: lexington ms | Judge: sierra romero AC- twinkle twinkle little star |
| sunvite | 5 | Opponent: lexington bf | Judge: heaven montague AC- twinkle twinkle little star v3 |
| sunvite | Quarters | Opponent: murphy independent aw | Judge: panel AC- twinkle twinkle little star v3 |
| sunvite | Semis | Opponent: american heritage broward ss | Judge: panel AC- twinkle twinkle little star v4 |
| sunvite | 3 | Opponent: american heritage broward em | Judge: chasia jeffries AC- twinkle twinkle little star v2 |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
| Entry | Date |
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0- TOC note URGENT PLS READTournament: TOC note | Round: Finals | Opponent: someone | Judge: anyone | 4/23/22 |
0- contactTournament: tournament | Round: Finals | Opponent: bladee | Judge: playboi carti my phone # is 9543034320, my fb is roberto sosa, and my email is 223255@cghsfl.org either phone or fb works but add me before u message i probs wont see the email if you email for disclosure so ur better off w the other 2 and if u email me anyways and i dont answer its on u emoticon_smile | 7/7/21 |
0- formatting requestTournament: tournament | Round: Finals | Opponent: bataille | Judge: an egg how to format:
a. subpoint b. subpoint 2. argument a. subpoint b. subpoint how not to format part 1
how not to format part 2
theres more examples but these are the most common. just follow the instruction pls | 7/7/21 |
JF- twin fantasyTournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: prospect st | Judge: chris castillo ACThe desire to transcend our terrestrial existence is founded in Earth's alienation- perpetuating the loss of humanity by furthering our increasingly technological future.Kroker, A., and Kroker, M. (2010). Code drift: Essays in critical digital studies. New World Perspectives. sosa This maintains a militaristic and technocratic regime of disaster control- accumulating in extinction and world alienation.Duffield, 19 ~Mark Duffield is a Professor of Development Politics and Director of the Global Insecurities Centre @ the University of Bristol, "Post-Humanitarianism: Governing Precarity in the Digital World," 2019, Polity Press~ And data's circulation is always haunted by the trace of death.Kroker '14 Data's current pursuit of growth is part and parcel with cybernetic violenceHui '20 Vote affirmative to utilize countersurveillance as a lens to observe the cybernetic appropriation of outer space by private entities as unjust.By bringing to light what cybernetic capitalism would prefer we didn't, the aff engages in an ongoing process of giving witness to the unsustainability of our current state.Kroker and Kroker 21 Arthur Kroker, Marilouise Kroker, "Technologies of the New Real: Viral Contagion and Death of the Social" 2021 sosa The aff generates interventions into the affective structure of imperialism – that jams empire's communication networks and creates new resistances.Tiqqun '1 Only changing our relationship towards technology is able to solve.Morrissey, C.S. 2017 "'Blade Runner 2049' depicts technocratic globalization" BC Catholic https://bccatholic.ca/voices/c-s-morrissey/blade-runner-2049-depicts-technocratic-globalization sosa Altering our relationship towards technology is the launch pad (pun intended) for a better orientation towards outer space.Laufer, 19 (Mixael S Laufer; anarchist biohacker, Professor of Mathematics at Menlo College, and visiting teacher at San Quentin Prison, "Squatting in Space," Anarchist Library, 2019) The Role of the Judge is to think through virtual reality.We control a uniqueness question with regards to how the virtual collapses all thought and flesh into the digital archive – what we do now in response to this end of history and the recombination of human experience is the only discussion left.Kroker and Weinstein '94 | 4/24/22 |
JF- twin fantasyTournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: prospect st | Judge: chris castillo ACThe desire to transcend our terrestrial existence is founded in Earth's alienation- perpetuating the loss of humanity by furthering our increasingly technological future.Kroker, A., and Kroker, M. (2010). Code drift: Essays in critical digital studies. New World Perspectives. sosa This maintains a militaristic and technocratic regime of disaster control- accumulating in extinction and world alienation.Duffield, 19 ~Mark Duffield is a Professor of Development Politics and Director of the Global Insecurities Centre @ the University of Bristol, "Post-Humanitarianism: Governing Precarity in the Digital World," 2019, Polity Press~ And data's circulation is always haunted by the trace of death.Kroker '14 Data's current pursuit of growth is part and parcel with cybernetic violenceHui '20 Vote affirmative to utilize countersurveillance as a lens to observe the cybernetic appropriation of outer space by private entities as unjust.By bringing to light what cybernetic capitalism would prefer we didn't, the aff engages in an ongoing process of giving witness to the unsustainability of our current state.Kroker and Kroker 21 Arthur Kroker, Marilouise Kroker, "Technologies of the New Real: Viral Contagion and Death of the Social" 2021 sosa The aff generates interventions into the affective structure of imperialism – that jams empire's communication networks and creates new resistances.Tiqqun '1 Only changing our relationship towards technology is able to solve.Morrissey, C.S. 2017 "'Blade Runner 2049' depicts technocratic globalization" BC Catholic https://bccatholic.ca/voices/c-s-morrissey/blade-runner-2049-depicts-technocratic-globalization sosa Altering our relationship towards technology is the launch pad (pun intended) for a better orientation towards outer space.Laufer, 19 (Mixael S Laufer; anarchist biohacker, Professor of Mathematics at Menlo College, and visiting teacher at San Quentin Prison, "Squatting in Space," Anarchist Library, 2019) The Role of the Judge is to think through virtual reality.We control a uniqueness question with regards to how the virtual collapses all thought and flesh into the digital archive – what we do now in response to this end of history and the recombination of human experience is the only discussion left.Kroker and Weinstein '94 | 4/24/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little starTournament: sunvite | Round: 2 | Opponent: lexington ms | Judge: sierra romero | 1/8/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v10Tournament: berkeley | Round: 6 | Opponent: honor dl | Judge: lindsay van luvanee 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 9-15-2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, 12-13-2016, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett Empirics—-Ozone depletion is existential.Martin 18 ~Sean, a Science Reporter for Express.co.uk, "Ozone layer DECAYING as scientists fear Earth 'heading towards MASS-EXTINCTION'", via Express, Feb 8, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/916405/ozone-layer-destroyed-recovering-mass-extinction-dinosaurs~~ brett 1AC—-AstronomyPrivate mega-constellations ensure existential asteroids and comets go unnoticed, dooming early detection.Walker et al. 20 ~Walker, C. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hall, J. (Lowell Observatory), Allen, L. (NSF's NOIRLab), Green, R. (U. Arizona,), Seitzer, P. (U. Michigan), Tyson, A. (UC Davis/Rubin Observatory), Bauer, A. (Vera C. Rubin Observatory), Krafton, K. (AAS), Lowenthal, J. (Smith College), Parriott, J. (AAS), Puxley, P. (AURA), Abbott, T. (NSF's NOIRLab), Bakos, G. (Princeton University), Barentine, J. (IDA), Bassa, C. (ASTRON), Blakeslee, J. (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), Bradshaw, A. (SLAC), Cooke, J. (Swinburne University), Devost, D. (Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope), Galadí, D. (Icosaedro working group of the Spanish Astronomical Society), Haase, F. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hainaut, O. (ESO), Heathcote, S. (NSF's NOIRLab), Jah, M. (University of Texas at Austin), Krantz, H. (U. Arizona), Kucharski, D. (University of Texas at Austin), McDowell, J. (CfA), Mróz, P. (Caltech), Otarola, A. (ESO, TMT), Pearce, E. (U. Arizona), Rawls, M. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory), Saunders, C. (Princeton University), Seaman, R. (Catalina Sky Survey), Siminski, J. (ESA Space Debris Office), Snyder, A. (Stanford University), Storrie-Lombardi, L. (Las Cumbres Observatory), Tregloan-Reed, J. (U. Antofagasta), Wainscoat, R. (U. Hawai'i), Williams, A. (ESO) and Yoachim, P. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory) SATCON1 report; 2020; "Impact of Satellite Constellations on Optical Astronomy and Recommendations Toward Mitigations," https://aas.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/SATCON1-Report.pdf~~ brett Asteroids cause extinction but early detection allows countermeasures.Mark Boslough 19. University of New Mexico, "Chapter 13 Uncertainty and Risk at the Catastrophe Threshold", 2019, Planetary Defense, Space and Society, https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/634091/mod_resource/content/1/Planetary20Defence.pdf Comets cause extinction —- lack of monitoring collapses warning capacities.Hodge 19 ~Mark, News Journalist @ The Sun, citing Lewis Dartnell, Professor of Science Communication @ the University of Westminster. "Comet could wipe out life on Earth with just six months' notice, expert warns - Astrobiology research scientist Lewis Dartnell hurtle in from the outer reaches of space at a faster pace than asteroids." 5-12-2019. The Sun, https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/9058160/comet-hit-earth-six-months-notice/~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private megaconstellations.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—-FramingExtinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett | 2/20/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v11Tournament: TOC | Round: 3 | Opponent: american heritage broward mc | Judge: vishan chaudhary 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Even perceptions alone can cause escalationMecklin '22 ~John; 1-17-22; editor in chief of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. "Why the final frontier should not become the final battleground" https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.2021.2020988~~ brett Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: The appropriation of outer space by private mega-constellations is unjustOnly the aff can solve.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe meta-ethic is phenomenalism – induction firstSayre-McCord 1 Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Mill's "Proof" Of The Principle of Utility: A More Than Half-Hearted Defense", Social Philosophy and Policy, 2001, accessed: 1 April 2020, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/mills-proof-of-the-principle-of-utility-a-more-than-halfhearted-defense/FDBE07CBE08D4E17523930BF8C7BBC32, R.S. the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. Weigh consequences.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 2~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 3~ Anticipating nuclear extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, "BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT," Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25, dml) ~ableist language modifications denoted by brackets~ 4~ Only constructive policy debates nurture information literacy necessary for every model of politics – the process of sifting through evidence and subjecting positions to researched scrutiny is essential to managing emerging crises and information overloadLeek 16 ~Danielle R. Leek, professor of communications at Grand Valley State University, "Policy debate pedagogy: a complementary strategy for civic and political engagement through service-learning," Communication Education, 65:4, 399-405~ 5~ Futurism in the context of evaluating existential risks is desirable.Stevens '18 ~Tim; 2018; Senior Lecturer in Global Security at Kings College London; Millennium: Journal of International Studies, "Exeunt Omnes? Survival, Pessimism and Time in the Work of John H. Herz," p. 283-302~ 6~ Debate is historically valuable as a site for anti-imperial advocacy.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett | 4/23/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v2Tournament: sunvite | Round: 3 | Opponent: american heritage broward em | Judge: chasia jeffries 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe meta-ethic is desire, and the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. Weigh consequences.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ TJFs — Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 2~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 3~ Anticipating nuclear extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, "BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT," Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25, dml) ~ableist language modifications denoted by brackets~ 4~ Only constructive policy debates nurture information literacy necessary for every model of politics – the process of sifting through evidence and subjecting positions to researched scrutiny is essential to managing emerging crises and information overloadLeek 16 ~Danielle R. Leek, professor of communications at Grand Valley State University, "Policy debate pedagogy: a complementary strategy for civic and political engagement through service-learning," Communication Education, 65:4, 399-405~ 5~ Futurism in the context of evaluating existential risks is desirable.Stevens '18 ~Tim; 2018; Senior Lecturer in Global Security at Kings College London; Millennium: Journal of International Studies, "Exeunt Omnes? Survival, Pessimism and Time in the Work of John H. Herz," p. 283-302~ | 1/16/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v3Tournament: sunvite | Round: 5 | Opponent: lexington bf | Judge: heaven montague 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ TJFs — Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 2~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse– drop the debater– 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off– no RVIs – 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time– competing interps – otherwise the 2NR could drown the aff in arguments while playing defense | 1/9/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v4Tournament: sunvite | Round: Semis | Opponent: american heritage broward ss | Judge: panel 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe meta-ethic is desire, and the standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience. Weigh consequences.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ TJFs — Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 2~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 3~ Anticipating nuclear extinction breeds empathy and entangled care. Distancing ourselves from considering extinction reifies detached elitism.Offord, 17—Faculty of Humanities, School of Humanities Research and Graduate Studies, Bentley Campus (Baden, "BEYOND OUR NUCLEAR ENTANGLEMENT," Angelaki, 22:3, 17-25, dml) ~ableist language modifications denoted by brackets~ 4~ Only constructive policy debates nurture information literacy necessary for every model of politics – the process of sifting through evidence and subjecting positions to researched scrutiny is essential to managing emerging crises and information overloadLeek 16 ~Danielle R. Leek, professor of communications at Grand Valley State University, "Policy debate pedagogy: a complementary strategy for civic and political engagement through service-learning," Communication Education, 65:4, 399-405~ 5~ Futurism in the context of evaluating existential risks is desirable.Stevens '18 ~Tim; 2018; Senior Lecturer in Global Security at Kings College London; Millennium: Journal of International Studies, "Exeunt Omnes? Survival, Pessimism and Time in the Work of John H. Herz," p. 283-302~ 6~ Debate is historically valuable as a site for anti-imperial advocacy.Iverson '9 ~Joel; 2009; Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Montana, Ph.D in Communication from Arizona State University Relations at the University of Sydney; Debate Central, "Can Cutting Cards Carve into Our Personal Lives: An Analysis of Debate Research on Personal Advocacy," https://debate.uvm.edu/dybvigiverson1000.html~~ brett | 1/9/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v5Tournament: lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: scarsdale dw | Judge: derek ying 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe meta-ethic is phenomenalism – induction firstSayre-McCord 1 Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Mill's "Proof" Of The Principle of Utility: A More Than Half-Hearted Defense", Social Philosophy and Policy, 2001, accessed: 1 April 2020, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/mills-proof-of-the-principle-of-utility-a-more-than-halfhearted-defense/FDBE07CBE08D4E17523930BF8C7BBC32, R.S. The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ Actor spec—states must use util because they don't have intentions and are constantly dealing with tradeoffs—outweighs since different agents have different obligations.2~ Only consequentialism explains degrees of wrongness—if I break a promise to meet up for lunch, that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only the consequences of breaking the promise explain why the second one is much worse than the first which is the most intuitive. That outweighs:A~ Parsimony – metaphysics relies on long chains of questionable claims that make conclusions less likely.B~ Hijacks – intuitions are inevitable since even every framework must take some unjustified assumption as a starting point.3~ A~ TJFs — Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 4~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 5~ Reject calc indicts and util triggers permissibility arguments:A~ Theory—they're functionally NIBs that everyone knows are silly but skew the aff and move the debate away from the topic and actual philosophical debate, killing valuable educationB~ Morally abhorrent – it would say we have no obligation to prevent genocide and that slavery was permissible which is morally abhorrent and makes debate unsafe | 1/16/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v6Tournament: lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: prospect st | Judge: temitope ogundare 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett Empirics—-Ozone depletion is existential.Martin 18 ~Sean, a Science Reporter for Express.co.uk, "Ozone layer DECAYING as scientists fear Earth 'heading towards MASS-EXTINCTION'", via Express, Feb 8, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/916405/ozone-layer-destroyed-recovering-mass-extinction-dinosaurs~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private entities.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—- FramingThe meta-ethic is phenomenalism – induction firstSayre-McCord 1 Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Mill's "Proof" Of The Principle of Utility: A More Than Half-Hearted Defense", Social Philosophy and Policy, 2001, accessed: 1 April 2020, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/mills-proof-of-the-principle-of-utility-a-more-than-halfhearted-defense/FDBE07CBE08D4E17523930BF8C7BBC32, R.S. The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing- aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Prefer:1~ TJFs — Prioritize utilitarianism with a focus on existential risk in the context of debates about outer space.Baum 16 ~Seth, @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, In "The Ethics of Space Exploration", ed. James S.J. Schwartz and Tony Milligan, Springer, 2016, pages 109-123. This version 29 July 2016. https://sethbaum.com/ac/2016_SpaceEthics.pdf~~ brett 2~ Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett 1~ 1AR theory is legit – anything else means infinite abuse– drop the debater– 1AR is too short to make up for the time trade-off– no RVIs – 6 min 2NR means they can brute force me every time– competing interps – otherwise the 2NR could drown the aff in arguments while playing defense | 1/16/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v7Tournament: barkley forum | Round: 2 | Opponent: charlotte latin el | Judge: devin anderson | 1/28/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v8Tournament: barkley forum | Round: 4 | Opponent: mercer island ks | Judge: carlos carrasco 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett The modern food system relies on satellites. Collapse triggers global shocks to supply.Tompkins 19 ~Steven, Inmarsat's Director of Sector Development for Agriculture. Head of Resilient and Sustainable Supply Chains Team at ADAS. Entrepreneurial manager with a sustained track record of building new profitable business streams for science-based organizations in the agri-food sector.; 3-18-2019; "Enabling the connected farm – the importance of satellite communications," Inmarsat, https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/enabling-the-connected-farm-the-importance-of-satellite-communications/~~ brett Food shortages go nuclear.FDI 12 ~FDI; a Research institute providing strategic analysis of Australia's global interests; citing Lindsay Falvery, PhD in Agricultural Science and former Professor at the University of Melbourne's Institute of Land and Environment (Future Directions International, , "Food and Water Insecurity: International Conflict Triggers and Potential Conflict Points," http://www.futuredirections.org.au/workshop-papers/537-international-conflict-triggers-and-potential-conflict-points-resulting-from-food-and-water-insecurity.html~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett Empirics—-Ozone depletion is existential.Martin 18 ~Sean, a Science Reporter for Express.co.uk, "Ozone layer DECAYING as scientists fear Earth 'heading towards MASS-EXTINCTION'", via Express, Feb 8, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/916405/ozone-layer-destroyed-recovering-mass-extinction-dinosaurs~~ brett 1AC—- PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by mega constellations.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—- FWThe standard is maximizing expected wellbeing aka hedonistic act util. Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. Extinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett | 1/29/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v9Tournament: berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: archbishop mitty ac | Judge: vishan chaudhary 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 9-15-2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, 12-13-2016, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett Empirics—-Ozone depletion is existential.Martin 18 ~Sean, a Science Reporter for Express.co.uk, "Ozone layer DECAYING as scientists fear Earth 'heading towards MASS-EXTINCTION'", via Express, Feb 8, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/916405/ozone-layer-destroyed-recovering-mass-extinction-dinosaurs~~ brett 1AC—-AstronomyPrivate mega-constellations ensure existential asteroids and comets go unnoticed, dooming early detection.Walker et al. 20 ~Walker, C. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hall, J. (Lowell Observatory), Allen, L. (NSF's NOIRLab), Green, R. (U. Arizona,), Seitzer, P. (U. Michigan), Tyson, A. (UC Davis/Rubin Observatory), Bauer, A. (Vera C. Rubin Observatory), Krafton, K. (AAS), Lowenthal, J. (Smith College), Parriott, J. (AAS), Puxley, P. (AURA), Abbott, T. (NSF's NOIRLab), Bakos, G. (Princeton University), Barentine, J. (IDA), Bassa, C. (ASTRON), Blakeslee, J. (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), Bradshaw, A. (SLAC), Cooke, J. (Swinburne University), Devost, D. (Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope), Galadí, D. (Icosaedro working group of the Spanish Astronomical Society), Haase, F. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hainaut, O. (ESO), Heathcote, S. (NSF's NOIRLab), Jah, M. (University of Texas at Austin), Krantz, H. (U. Arizona), Kucharski, D. (University of Texas at Austin), McDowell, J. (CfA), Mróz, P. (Caltech), Otarola, A. (ESO, TMT), Pearce, E. (U. Arizona), Rawls, M. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory), Saunders, C. (Princeton University), Seaman, R. (Catalina Sky Survey), Siminski, J. (ESA Space Debris Office), Snyder, A. (Stanford University), Storrie-Lombardi, L. (Las Cumbres Observatory), Tregloan-Reed, J. (U. Antofagasta), Wainscoat, R. (U. Hawai'i), Williams, A. (ESO) and Yoachim, P. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory) SATCON1 report; 2020; "Impact of Satellite Constellations on Optical Astronomy and Recommendations Toward Mitigations," https://aas.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/SATCON1-Report.pdf~~ brett Asteroids cause extinction but early detection allows countermeasures.Mark Boslough 19. University of New Mexico, "Chapter 13 Uncertainty and Risk at the Catastrophe Threshold", 2019, Planetary Defense, Space and Society, https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/634091/mod_resource/content/1/Planetary20Defence.pdf Comets cause extinction —- lack of monitoring collapses warning capacities.Hodge 19 ~Mark, News Journalist @ The Sun, citing Lewis Dartnell, Professor of Science Communication @ the University of Westminster. "Comet could wipe out life on Earth with just six months' notice, expert warns - Astrobiology research scientist Lewis Dartnell hurtle in from the outer reaches of space at a faster pace than asteroids." 5-12-2019. The Sun, https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/9058160/comet-hit-earth-six-months-notice/~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private megaconstellations.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—-FramingExtinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett | 2/19/22 |
JF- twinkle twinkle little star v9Tournament: berkeley | Round: 2 | Opponent: archbishop mitty ac | Judge: vishan chaudhary 1AC—-DebrisIncoming mega-constellations of satellites ensure unmanageable space debris, triggering the Kessler Syndrome. No alt causes—-current debris is being managed but constellations push Kessler over the brink.Boley and Byers 21 ~Aaron C., Department of Physics and Astronomy @ The University of British Columbia*, and Michael, Department of Political Science @ The University of British Columbia; Published: 20 May 2021; Scientific Reports; "Satellite mega-constellations create risks in Low Earth Orbit, the atmosphere and on Earth," https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89909-7~~ brett No alt causes or thumpers—-absent megaconstellations, LEO debris would increase slowly for decades, eventually stabilizing after 200 years. Prefer NASA studies that assume our plan.—-1 collision a decade is hardly enough to trigger Kessler syndrome. Increasing debris triggers miscalculated war. The internal link is linear—-any reduction in debris reduces the risk.Dockrill 16 ~Peter; 2016; Award-winning science and technology journalist. "Space Junk Accidents Could Trigger Armed Conflict, Study Finds." https://www.sciencealert.com/space-junk-accidents-could-trigger-armed-conflict-expert-warns~~ brett ====It goes nuclear.==== Nuclear war causes extinction.Trevithick and Rogoway '19 ~Joseph and Tyler; February 27; Military Analyst, M.A. in Conflict Resolution from Georgetown University, B.A. in the History and Policy of International Relations at Carnegie-Mellon University; Defense Journalist; The Drive, "Yes, India And Pakistan Could End The World As We Know It Through A Nuclear Exchange," https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/26674/yes-india-and-pakistan-could-end-the-world-as-we-know-it-through-a-nuclear-exchange~~ brett Cascading debris collapses satellites.Kessler et al., 18 ~Donald J. Kessler* American astrophysicist and former NASA scientist known for his studies regarding space debris. Kessler has received numerous awards for his pioneering work, the most recent being the 2010 Dirk Brower Award for his half-century career in astrodynamics. Dr. Holder Krag Head of the Space Debris Office at the European Space Agency and has been a Space Debris Analyst in the Space Debris Office since 2006. Asher Isbrucker*, Writer and Video Producer; 11-2-2018; "Kessler Syndrome: What Happens When Satellites Collide," Medium, https://asherkaye.medium.com/kessler-syndrome-what-happens-when-satellites-collide-1b571ca3c47e~~ brett Tele-health sats solve pandemics.Krishnamurthy 18 ~Ramesh, researcher in Health Systems and Innovation Cluster, World Health Organization, with; Jason Hatton; 1/1/18, "Space science and technologies to advance health-related sustainable development goals," https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5791876/~~ brett Extinction.Dhillon 17 ~Ranu; 2017; instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic instructor at Harvard Medical School and a physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. He works on building health systems in developing countries and served as an advisor to the president of Guinea during the Ebola epidemic, Harvard Business Review; "The World Is Completely Unprepared for a Global Pandemic", https://hbr.org/2017/03/the-world-is-completely-unprepared-for-a-global-pandemic~~ brett 1AC—-OzoneOzone is recovering now, breakdown causes existential environmental disaster.WMO 21 ~World Meteorological Organization; 9-15-2021; "Ozone layer recovery is an environmental success story," https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/ozone-layer-recovery-environmental-success-story~~ brett Megaconstellations of satellites and frequent re-entry causes Ozone Hole 2.0Tereza 21 ~Tereza; June 07, 2021; Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University, Master's in Science from the International Space University. Space.com, "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0," https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere~~ brett Extinction.Skudlarek 16 ~Cooper, pollution writer for L2P, 12-13-2016, "The Ozone Layer," https://letters2president.org/letters/24312~~ brett Empirics—-Ozone depletion is existential.Martin 18 ~Sean, a Science Reporter for Express.co.uk, "Ozone layer DECAYING as scientists fear Earth 'heading towards MASS-EXTINCTION'", via Express, Feb 8, https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/916405/ozone-layer-destroyed-recovering-mass-extinction-dinosaurs~~ brett 1AC—-AstronomyPrivate mega-constellations ensure existential asteroids and comets go unnoticed, dooming early detection.Walker et al. 20 ~Walker, C. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hall, J. (Lowell Observatory), Allen, L. (NSF's NOIRLab), Green, R. (U. Arizona,), Seitzer, P. (U. Michigan), Tyson, A. (UC Davis/Rubin Observatory), Bauer, A. (Vera C. Rubin Observatory), Krafton, K. (AAS), Lowenthal, J. (Smith College), Parriott, J. (AAS), Puxley, P. (AURA), Abbott, T. (NSF's NOIRLab), Bakos, G. (Princeton University), Barentine, J. (IDA), Bassa, C. (ASTRON), Blakeslee, J. (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), Bradshaw, A. (SLAC), Cooke, J. (Swinburne University), Devost, D. (Canada-France-Hawai'i Telescope), Galadí, D. (Icosaedro working group of the Spanish Astronomical Society), Haase, F. (NSF's NOIRLab), Hainaut, O. (ESO), Heathcote, S. (NSF's NOIRLab), Jah, M. (University of Texas at Austin), Krantz, H. (U. Arizona), Kucharski, D. (University of Texas at Austin), McDowell, J. (CfA), Mróz, P. (Caltech), Otarola, A. (ESO, TMT), Pearce, E. (U. Arizona), Rawls, M. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory), Saunders, C. (Princeton University), Seaman, R. (Catalina Sky Survey), Siminski, J. (ESA Space Debris Office), Snyder, A. (Stanford University), Storrie-Lombardi, L. (Las Cumbres Observatory), Tregloan-Reed, J. (U. Antofagasta), Wainscoat, R. (U. Hawai'i), Williams, A. (ESO) and Yoachim, P. (U. Washington/Rubin Observatory) SATCON1 report; 2020; "Impact of Satellite Constellations on Optical Astronomy and Recommendations Toward Mitigations," https://aas.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/SATCON1-Report.pdf~~ brett Asteroids cause extinction but early detection allows countermeasures.Mark Boslough 19. University of New Mexico, "Chapter 13 Uncertainty and Risk at the Catastrophe Threshold", 2019, Planetary Defense, Space and Society, https://dl1.cuni.cz/pluginfile.php/634091/mod_resource/content/1/Planetary20Defence.pdf Comets cause extinction —- lack of monitoring collapses warning capacities.Hodge 19 ~Mark, News Journalist @ The Sun, citing Lewis Dartnell, Professor of Science Communication @ the University of Westminster. "Comet could wipe out life on Earth with just six months' notice, expert warns - Astrobiology research scientist Lewis Dartnell hurtle in from the outer reaches of space at a faster pace than asteroids." 5-12-2019. The Sun, https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/9058160/comet-hit-earth-six-months-notice/~~ brett 1AC—-PlanResolved: States ought to prohibit the appropriation of Low Earth Orbit by private megaconstellations.The plan clarifies customary law to ban private satellite mega-constellations that appropriate Low Earth Orbit and solves otherwise detrimental space debris.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett No circumvention. Authorization, supervision, and liability ensure compliance — potential for liability causes self-regulation.Johnson 20 ~Chris, Space Law Advisor for Secure World Foundation, 9 years of professional experience in international space law and policy. J.D. from New York Law School; 2020; "The Legal Status of MegaLEO Constellations and Concerns About Appropriation of Large Swaths of Earth Orbit," https://swfound.org/media/206951/johnson2020_referenceworkentry_thelegalstatusofmegaleoconstel.pdf~~ brett Space debris and the potential for collisions dooms LEO spaceflight.Moltz, 14 ~James Clay; chairman of the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, where he also holds a joint faculty appointment in the Space Systems Academic Group., "Crowded orbits Conflict and Cooperation in Space," Columbia University Press, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/molt15912~~ brett 1AC—-FramingExtinction must outweigh – moral uncertainty demands we preserve the conditions for life, even a tiny risk outweighs, and future gains in quality of life ensure it's a prior questionTodd 17 ~Ben has a 1st from Oxford in Physics and Philosophy, has published in Climate Physics, once kick-boxed for Oxford, and speaks Chinese, badly. "The case for reducing extinction risk." https://80000hours.org/articles/extinction-risk/~~ brett | 2/19/22 |
ND- here comes the sunTournament: blue key round robin | Round: 2 | Opponent: lake highland ab | Judge: panel What we are undertaking is a war…Georges Bataille 36, brilliant economist writing for Acephale, 1st year, June 24, 1936; Translated: for marxists.org by Mitch Abidor 2005. "The Sacred Conspiracy", https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/bataille/sacred-conspiracy.htm brett The restricted economy, to which we have belonged, is entrenched in an impulse to cleanse the world of deviance, chaos, and disorder that displaces violence onto racialized Others.Winters 17. Joseph, asst. prof. of Religious Studies, member of dept. of African and African American Studies at Duke, "Baldwin, Bataille, and the Anguish of the (Racialized) Human," Journal of Religious Ethics vol. 45, Issue2, June 2017, pp. 380-405) Endless accumulation within the restricted economy ensures excess is conserved, to be re-invested into further production. However, excess can't be contained. Surplus must always be released, in some way or another. To attempt to contain excess ensures expenditure in catastrophic, rather than glorious means, producing an unsustainable global system.Only embracing the sacrifice of excess provides a sustainable means for society to continue. Rigorous empirics verify our theory.Huling 19, Ray Huling is a PhD candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of Massachusetts–Amherst. Source: Moveable Type, Vol.11, 'Decadence' (2019) 'Bataillean Ecology: An Introduction to the Theory of Sustainable Excess' https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10079968/1/II20Ray20Huling20Bataillean20Ecology20~~Final~~.pdf / brackets for gramma/ brett Anything else dooms the species.Jamie Allinson et al 21. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Edinburgh University and author of The Age of Counter-revolution. China Miéville is the author of a number of highly acclaimed and prize-winning novels including October: The History of the Russian Revolution. Richard Seymour is the author of numerous works of non-fiction, His writing appears in the New York Times, London Review of Books, Guardian, Prospect, Jacobin. Rosie Warren is an Editor at Verso and the Editor-in-Chief of Salvage. All are writing for the Salvage Collective. "The Tragedy of the Worker: Toward the Proletarocene." Introduction. July 2021. Verso EBook. ISBN: 9781839762963 shree The state proliferates violence while creating taboos on the unthinkable violence that opposes it, ensuring that opposition is held to a standard of reasonability. True liberation requires strikes which are impossible, "…if nothing could be found beyond political activity, ~we~ would meet nothing but the void." State-based recognition cannot be a basis for revolutionary politics.Oxana Timofeeva 20, Professor, Leading researcher @ European University at St Petersburg, Tyumen State University. EUSP, 2020. ISSN 2310-3817. Vol. 9. No. 1. p. 144–165. "From the Quarantine to the General Strike: On Bataille's Political Economy" http://stasisjournal.net/index.php/journal/article/download/165/251/ brett To the state, which is the taboo on "illegitimate" means of violence, the right to strike is always "conditional" — only a strike that exists outside the limits of the law can be truly unconditional. Refuse a view of rights as something that can ever function external to the logics of the state and reason.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett An infamous economist once said; "What drives the crowds to the street is the emotion directly aroused by striking events in the atmosphere of a storm, it is the contagious emotion that, from house to house, from suburb to suburb, suddenly turns a hesitating man ~person~ into a frenzied being". What normative visions of politics get wrong is an attachment to bureaucracy, which dooms the ability to strike out against the present state of things in an organic manner.Thus, the plan: I affirm the revolutionary general strike as a method to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike.We offer a plan for action and resistance — the revolutionary general strike is a festive event that brings out the power of the masses. Voting aff is a wager to move beyond logics of accumulation and restricted economy, bringing about the only true unconditional guarantee to strike.Gordienko '12 /Andrey, Ph.D., PhD Film and TV @ UCLA "The Politics of Eros: The Philosophy of Georges Bataille and Japanese New Wave Cinema" UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48f92067 brett The aff is a rupture with historic time that builds social energy among the subaltern masses and fights back against cruelly optimistic attachments to reform.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett The role of the judge is to endorse the best revolutionary praxis.Any other role of the judge instills nihilism and sterile argumentation. In this debate, you have only to choose between liberation from the principle of rational control OR the globalized misery of conventional life.Schnurer 04, Maxwell Schnurer (Ph.D., Pittsburgh), Assistant Professor @ Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York. "GAMING AS CONTROL: WILL TO POWER, THE PRISON OF DEBATE AND GAME CALLED POTLATCH," CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE." https://debate.uvm.edu/CADForumGaming2003.pdf brett War and violence are inevitable as surplus energy must always be directed into its most brutal force. Rather than channeling repressed drives into catastrophic wars, the 1AC's glorious gift-giving is a discharge of energy through expenditure.Pawlett'15 |William Pawlett is a senior lecturer in Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Wolverhampton. "Georges Bataille: The Sacred and Society." (September 9, 2015). Page 92-97|KZaidi | 10/28/21 |
ND- here comes the sun v2Tournament: blue key round robin | Round: 3 | Opponent: lexington bf | Judge: panel What we are undertaking is a war…Georges Bataille 36, brilliant economist writing for Acephale, 1st year, June 24, 1936; Translated: for marxists.org by Mitch Abidor 2005. "The Sacred Conspiracy", https://www.marxists.org/subject/anarchism/bataille/sacred-conspiracy.htm brett The restricted economy, to which we have belonged, is entrenched in an impulse to cleanse the world of deviance, chaos, and disorder that displaces violence onto racialized Others.Winters 17. Joseph, asst. prof. of Religious Studies, member of dept. of African and African American Studies at Duke, "Baldwin, Bataille, and the Anguish of the (Racialized) Human," Journal of Religious Ethics vol. 45, Issue2, June 2017, pp. 380-405) Endless accumulation within the restricted economy ensures excess is conserved, to be re-invested into further production. However, excess can't be contained. Surplus must always be released, in some way or another. To attempt to contain excess ensures expenditure in catastrophic, rather than glorious means, producing an unsustainable global system.Only embracing the sacrifice of excess provides a sustainable means for society to continue. Rigorous empirics verify our theory.Huling 19, Ray Huling is a PhD candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of Massachusetts–Amherst. Source: Moveable Type, Vol.11, 'Decadence' (2019) 'Bataillean Ecology: An Introduction to the Theory of Sustainable Excess' https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10079968/1/II20Ray20Huling20Bataillean20Ecology20~~Final~~.pdf / brackets for gramma/ brett The state proliferates violence while creating taboos on the unthinkable violence that opposes it, ensuring that opposition is held to a standard of reasonability. True liberation requires strikes which are impossible, "…if nothing could be found beyond political activity, ~we~ would meet nothing but the void." State-based recognition cannot be a basis for revolutionary politics.Oxana Timofeeva 20, Professor, Leading researcher @ European University at St Petersburg, Tyumen State University. EUSP, 2020. ISSN 2310-3817. Vol. 9. No. 1. p. 144–165. "From the Quarantine to the General Strike: On Bataille's Political Economy" http://stasisjournal.net/index.php/journal/article/download/165/251/ brett To the state, which is the taboo on "illegitimate" means of violence, the right to strike is always "conditional" — only a strike that exists outside the limits of the law can be truly unconditional. Refuse a view of rights as something that can ever function external to the logics of the state and reason.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett An infamous economist once said; "What drives the crowds to the street is the emotion directly aroused by striking events in the atmosphere of a storm, it is the contagious emotion that, from house to house, from suburb to suburb, suddenly turns a hesitating man ~person~ into a frenzied being" . What normative visions of politics get wrong is an attachment to bureaucracy, which dooms the ability to strike out against the present state of things in an organic manner.Thus, the plan: I affirm the revolutionary general strike as a method to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike.We offer a plan for action and resistance — the revolutionary general strike is a festive event that brings out the power of the masses. Voting aff is a wager to move beyond logics of accumulation and restricted economy, bringing about the only true unconditional guarantee to strike.Gordienko '12 /Andrey, Ph.D., PhD Film and TV @ UCLA "The Politics of Eros: The Philosophy of Georges Bataille and Japanese New Wave Cinema" UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48f92067 brett The aff is a rupture with historic time that builds social energy among the subaltern masses and fights back against cruelly optimistic attachments to reform.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett The role of the judge is to endorse the best revolutionary praxis.Any other role of the judge instills nihilism and sterile argumentation. In this debate, you have only to choose between liberation from the principle of rational control OR the globalized misery of conventional life.Schnurer 04, Maxwell Schnurer (Ph.D., Pittsburgh), Assistant Professor @ Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York. "GAMING AS CONTROL: WILL TO POWER, THE PRISON OF DEBATE AND GAME CALLED POTLATCH," CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE." https://debate.uvm.edu/CADForumGaming2003.pdf brett Reducing thought to purely economic conceptions is the basis of modern servitude and slavery. Only the aff enables true liberation.Luchte 14, James Luchte is a philosopher, author and poet from the United States. He has American, British and European citizenships. "A Note on Kant and Bataille" https://luchte.wordpress.com/a-note-on-kant-and-bataille/ brett Our only real pleasure is to squander our resources to no purpose, just as if a wound were bleeding away inside us; we always want to be sure of the uselessness or the ruinousness of our extravaganceAllen'16 – Ansgar Allen is lecturer in education at the University of Sheffield, "Education, Mastery and the Marquis de Sade" — KZaidi Liberal subject formation is the basis of modern nihilism.Evans and Reid 14 (Brad Evans is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Bristol, Julian Reid is Professor of International Relations at the University of Lapland, Finland, 2014, Resilient Life, pp. 116-119) brett | 10/29/21 |
ND- here comes the sun v3Tournament: blue key | Round: 1 | Opponent: monta vista rd | Judge: henry eberhart The restricted economy, to which we have belonged, is entrenched in an impulse to cleanse the world of deviance, chaos, and disorder that displaces violence onto racialized Others.Winters 17. Joseph, asst. prof. of Religious Studies, member of dept. of African and African American Studies at Duke, "Baldwin, Bataille, and the Anguish of the (Racialized) Human," Journal of Religious Ethics vol. 45, Issue2, June 2017, pp. 380-405) Endless accumulation within the restricted economy ensures excess is conserved, to be re-invested into further production. However, excess can't be contained. Surplus must always be released, in some way or another. To attempt to contain excess ensures expenditure in catastrophic, rather than glorious means, producing an unsustainable global system.Only embracing the sacrifice of excess provides a sustainable means for society to continue. Rigorous empirics verify our theory.Huling 19, Ray Huling is a PhD candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of Massachusetts–Amherst. Source: Moveable Type, Vol.11, 'Decadence' (2019) 'Bataillean Ecology: An Introduction to the Theory of Sustainable Excess' https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10079968/1/II20Ray20Huling20Bataillean20Ecology20~~Final~~.pdf / brackets for gramma/ brett Anything else dooms the species.Jamie Allinson et al 21. Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at Edinburgh University and author of The Age of Counter-revolution. China Miéville is the author of a number of highly acclaimed and prize-winning novels including October: The History of the Russian Revolution. Richard Seymour is the author of numerous works of non-fiction, His writing appears in the New York Times, London Review of Books, Guardian, Prospect, Jacobin. Rosie Warren is an Editor at Verso and the Editor-in-Chief of Salvage. All are writing for the Salvage Collective. "The Tragedy of the Worker: Toward the Proletarocene." Introduction. July 2021. Verso EBook. ISBN: 9781839762963 shree The state proliferates violence while creating taboos on the unthinkable violence that opposes it, ensuring that opposition is held to a standard of reasonability. True liberation requires strikes which are impossible, "…if nothing could be found beyond political activity, ~we~ would meet nothing but the void." State-based recognition cannot be a basis for revolutionary politics.Oxana Timofeeva 20, Professor, Leading researcher @ European University at St Petersburg, Tyumen State University. EUSP, 2020. ISSN 2310-3817. Vol. 9. No. 1. p. 144–165. "From the Quarantine to the General Strike: On Bataille's Political Economy" http://stasisjournal.net/index.php/journal/article/download/165/251/ brett To the state, which is the taboo on "illegitimate" means of violence, the right to strike is always "conditional" — only a strike that exists outside the limits of the law can be truly unconditional. Refuse a view of rights as something that can ever function external to the logics of the state and reason.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett An infamous economist once said; "What drives the crowds to the street is the emotion directly aroused by striking events in the atmosphere of a storm, it is the contagious emotion that, from house to house, from suburb to suburb, suddenly turns a hesitating man ~person~ into a frenzied being" . What normative visions of politics get wrong is an attachment to bureaucracy, which dooms the ability to strike out against the present state of things in an organic manner.Thus, the plan: I affirm the revolutionary general strike as a method to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike.We offer a plan for action and resistance — the revolutionary general strike is a festive event that brings out the power of the masses. Voting aff is a wager to move beyond logics of accumulation and restricted economy, bringing about the only true unconditional guarantee to strike.Gordienko '12 /Andrey, Ph.D., PhD Film and TV @ UCLA "The Politics of Eros: The Philosophy of Georges Bataille and Japanese New Wave Cinema" UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48f92067 brett The aff is a rupture with historic time that builds social energy among the subaltern masses and fights back against cruelly optimistic attachments to reform.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett The role of the judge is to endorse the best revolutionary praxis.Any other role of the judge instills nihilism and sterile argumentation. In this debate, you have only to choose between liberation from the principle of rational control OR the globalized misery of conventional life.Schnurer 04, Maxwell Schnurer (Ph.D., Pittsburgh), Assistant Professor @ Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York. "GAMING AS CONTROL: WILL TO POWER, THE PRISON OF DEBATE AND GAME CALLED POTLATCH," CONTEMPORARY ARGUMENTATION AND DEBATE." https://debate.uvm.edu/CADForumGaming2003.pdf brett Reducing thought to purely economic conceptions is the basis of modern servitude and slavery. Only the aff enables true liberation.Luchte 14, James Luchte is a philosopher, author and poet from the United States. He has American, British and European citizenships. "A Note on Kant and Bataille" https://luchte.wordpress.com/a-note-on-kant-and-bataille/ brett Our only real pleasure is to squander our resources to no purpose, just as if a wound were bleeding away inside us; we always want to be sure of the uselessness or the ruinousness of our extravaganceAllen'16 – Ansgar Allen is lecturer in education at the University of Sheffield, "Education, Mastery and the Marquis de Sade" — KZaidi Liberal subject formation is the basis of modern nihilism.Evans and Reid 14 (Brad Evans is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Bristol, Julian Reid is Professor of International Relations at the University of Lapland, Finland, 2014, Resilient Life, pp. 116-119) brett | 10/29/21 |
ND- the empire strikes backTournament: blue key | Round: 3 | Opponent: carnegie vanguard sr | Judge: jp stuckert Revolution is closer than ever – but the masses require a recognition.Reese 20 - author of Socialism or Extinction and The End of Capitalism: The Thought of Henryk Grossman (Ted, https://www.amazon.com/Socialism-Extinction-Automation-Capitalist-Breakdown-ebook/dp/B081FHF2ZQ, emuse) Global capitalism has shifted production from the terrain of the centralized power to the a form of domination to which there is no outside – welcome to Empire, a new imperial regime of biopolitics and war.Connell '12 In the age of Empire, just governance has eroded. Labor movements under capital have their demands of capital and state reduced to mechanisms of maintaining equilibrium.Connell 2 This is unsustainable and causes extinction – multiple intertwined crises make collapse inevitable which means its try-or-die – we got charts.von Weizsäcker and Wijkman '17 Only the refusal of the extraction of capitalist value coupled with the swift and destructive power of the proletariat has the potential to tackle Empire.Hardt and Negri '17 (Michael, professor of literature @ Duke, and Antonio, professor of political philosophy @ University of Padua, "Assembly," p. 235-239) BS sosa 4-4-2018 ~brackets for~ abeist language Thus, the plan: Tactical Leaders ought to recognize the unconditional right of workers to strike.The masses already have the potential for a strike against Empire- it's up to tactical leadership to recognize it.Hardt and Negri '17 ~Michael Hardt, professor of literature at Duke, and Antonio Negri, professor of political philosophy at the University of Padua. 2017. "Assembly."~ ask me for the PDF. sosa We offer a plan for action and resistance — the revolutionary general strike is a festive event that brings out the power of the masses.Gordienko '12 /Andrey, Ph.D., PhD Film and TV @ UCLA "The Politics of Eros: The Philosophy of Georges Bataille and Japanese New Wave Cinema" UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/48f92067 brett To the state, which is the taboo on "illegitimate" means of violence, the right to strike is always "conditional" — only a strike that exists outside the limits of the law can be truly unconditional.Marc Crépon and Micol Bez 19; Marc Crépon is a French philosopher and academic who writes on the subject of languages and communities in the French and German philosophies and contemporary political and moral philosophy. Micol Bez @ CPES (Cycle Pluridisciplinaire d'Études Supérieures) at the University of Paris Sciences and Letters. The Right to Strike and Legal War in Walter Benjamin's "Toward the Critique of Violence". Critical Times 1 August 2019; 2 (2): 252–260. https://read.dukeupress.edu/critical-times/article/2/2/252/141479/The-Right-to-Strike-and-Legal-War-in-Walter brett You should understand this a project of counter-hegemony – every debate and argument is a testing ground to strengthen our strike– voting affirmative is an investment in the war of position.Carrol '6 The Role of the Ballot is to affirm radical propaganda.Studies prove debate is inevitably implicated in the context of propaganda – voting aff aligns with a model predicated on communist base-building.Greene and Hicks '6 | 10/30/21 |
SO- bagelTournament: mid america cup rr | Round: 1 | Opponent: sage mp | Judge: panel FrameworkOur ability to create and justify judgements about the world is constitutive of our subjectivity. This is called rationality.Gobsch, W. (2014). The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love to Overcome It. Philosophical Topics, 42(1), 177-200. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43932722 sosa However, this form of rationality is not pure. Existence is divided between the rational judgement and power of affect.Gobsch 2, W. (2014). The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love to Overcome It. Philosophical Topics, 42(1), 177-200. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43932722 sosa This divide creates "ethical life", i.e., the unity of rationality and sensibility. Upon encountering the other, we can recognize the same traits in them. This recognition births the ethical community.Gobsch 3, W. (2014). The Idea of an Ethical Community: Kant and Hegel on the Necessity of Human Evil and the Love to Overcome It. Philosophical Topics, 42(1), 177-200. Retrieved June 24, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43932722 sosa Thus the standard is Consistency with the Principles of the Ethical CommunityImpact Calculus:Our framework is only concerned with preserving mutual recognition of the rationality and sensibility of subjects, as well as promoting acts of recognition within the communityUse intent-based ethics as opposed to Consequentialism:Objectiveness- ethical theories premised on intrinsic-ness means actions are objectively good or bad, whereas consequentialism necessitates different impact calcs that are subjective to determine if an action should be taken- this means intent is a sequencing question to guiding actionAccountability- intent creates the most verifiable way to govern action- omissions and foresights may be able to be acted on but it's less reliable to hold agents accountable to ethical systems, which would trigger permissibilityPrefer ethical theories premised on interpersonal relations as opposed to other valuesBindingness- Determining the nature of our relationship to the other is a prerequisite to ethical theorizations because the nature of ethics is that it attempts to constrain what actions are good or bad for people to take- this means absent a framework explaining how relationships work, you prefer ours on explanatory powerSequencing- It's impossible to have an obligation if we don't recognize other people as people because they become fundamentally no different than the world around usEthical theories must respect the Other's ability to create their own truthJoyce, R. (2001). The Myth of Morality (Cambridge Studies in Philosophy). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511487101 Prefer additionally:Performativity- responding to our framework concedes the necessity of recognizing my subjecthood, proving mutual recognition is a prerequisite to ethics.Actor Spec- Only our framework explains the existence of the state- specifically key on a topic about recognizing rights.Pensky 95 ~Max Pensky, (MAX PENSKY is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Binghamton University.) "Universalism And The Situated Critic" In S. White (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion To Habermas (Cambridge Companions To Philosophy, Pp. 67-94), 1995, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-companion-to-habermas/3B448B1C9FEC698C747242C8E3618D84, DOA:3-1-2019 WHS-RS recut WWBW recut again sosa~ Pragmatism: Language is entirely self-referential—one cannot look to something outside of language to determine what words mean because that process would inevitably be mediated by language. This requires a pragmatic account of truth in which the meaning of words change according to their usage.Brandom 99 ~Robert B. Brandom, (University of Pittsburgh) "Some Pragmatist Themes In Hegel's Idealism: Negotiation And Administration In Hegel's Account Of The Structure And Content Of Conceptual Norms" European Journal Of Philosophy 7 (2):164–189, 1999, https://philpapers.org/rec/BRASPT, DOA:2-28-2019 WWBW~ Obligations- The word ought entails that obligations are understood through the frame of each subject- this necessitates respecting this, which affirmsCappelle "Should vs Ought to" 2010 Bert Cappelle is a lecturer of English linguistics at the University of Lille https://www.academia.edu/1433058/Should_vs_ought_to sosa 1AC — SolvencyPlan: The member nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines related to the prevention, containment, and treatment of COVID-19.Enforcement is done through waiving TRIPS protections and modifying relevant domestic law to ensure patent protections are reduced—-spec is delineated in the card.Jones et al. 21, Mike Jones, J.D., cum laude, Brooklyn Law School, 2014. Sean McConnell, University of Pittsburgh School of Law, J.D., 2002. Lauren Giambalvo, University of Georgia School of Law, J.D., magna cum laude, Order of the Coif, 2019; Georgia Law Review. Emily Harmon, Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law, J.D., 2020. Ipwatchdog, August 9, 2021. "What is a 'Patent Waiver' Anyway? Zooming Out on the TRIPS COVID IP Waiver Debate" https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2021/08/09/patent-waiver-anyway-zooming-trips-covid-ipwaiver-debate/id=136381/ brett Public funding and massive pre-purchases are superior incentives to patents in a pandemic.Lindsey 21, Brink Lindsey, Vice President @ Niskanen Center "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings Institution, June 3, 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/ brett That affirms-~1~ IP rights structurally prevent all people from accessing the same intellectual rights- irreciprocal relationships prevent recognitionMorabito 15 - "Essay: Pharmaceuticals and Global Justice: Balancing Public Health and Intellectual Property Rights" by Marisa Morabito ~https://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1808andcontext=student_scholarship~~ ahs emi ~2~ Property rights assume people arent equal which is a form of misrecognition– makes it so that some people have a divine right to help other people and the people who don't have IPPs rely on patent holders. This is because if you have property rights you have more power then people who don't because you have access and they don'tUnderviewGrant me 1ar theory otherwise the NC can read 7 minutes of abuse and then I cant check and loseDTD on theory to deter future abuse and set the best norms- dta incentivizes strategic concessions that don't rectify any abuseNo RVIs cuz a 6 minute 2nr sandbagging RVIs makes the 2ar impossible to win, disincentivizing countering abuse.Competing interps to set the best norms- reasonability is either arbitrary or relies on normsetting which means you should prefer CI anyways because it allows us to determine the better oneFairness is a voter- Debate is an educational activity structured as a game that requires competitive equity to engageEducation is a voter because it controls the internal link to debate existing the first place – schools don't fund uneducational gamesno new 2NR paradigm issues, theory, RVIs, or recontextualizations because you can make whole new arguments with 6 minutes forcing me to respond in only half the time, and can be solved by reading in the 1nPresumption and Permissibility affirma~ Imposibility- otherwise we would not be able to justify morally neutral actions like drinking water since there isn't a prohibition and we would needlessly have to prove an obligation.b~ Trivialism- statements are true until proven false, if I told you my name you'd believe me. | 9/27/21 |
SO- november 27th 2126 v1Tournament: greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: southlake as | Judge: amy chakladar November 27th, 2126: "When the final extinction event has taken place…"(1)
April 30, 1796: The first medical patent was approved for the new invention of "Bilious Pills", marketed as a drug that solves all sorts of ailments. These pills, however, were a gimmick.CT Humanities. "First American Medicine Patent – Today in History: April 30 | Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project." Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project, 30 Apr. 2020, connecticuthistory.org/first-american-medicine-patent-today-in-history-april-30/. Two and a half centuries later: Apps are being developed to track and exteriorize the human senses by syncing ourselves with technology, marketed as a way to monitor our health and transmit biological data.~Arthur Kroker, running out of jokes here. 2014. "Exits to the Posthuman Future."~ sosa After all, data is always haunted by the trace of death.Kroker '14 This dawns the new age of bioinformatics- where expansion of biotechnology via IPRs and the globalization of cybernetics have become indistinguishablePellizzoni 15. Luigi, Associate Professor of Environmental and Political Sociology at the University of Trieste, Italy and co-editor of Neoliberalism and Technoscience. "Ontological Politics in a Disposable World: The New Mastery of Nature." 2015 sosa This bioinformatic mastery of the world enables bioprospecting- only furthering the cybernetic order.James Ming Chen 13, Justin Smith Morrill Chair in Law, Michigan State University; Of Counsel, Technology Law Group of Washington, D.C. 5-15-13. "BIOPROSPECT THEORY," https://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/989023a4-c9c1-49a6-854d-26ea7eb01cca.pdf brett As the cybernetic order progresses, the virtual class utilizes violent and combative strategies like IPRs to restructure society into a digital superhighway paved by our own fleshKroker and Weinstein '94 Thus, the inhuman ought to eliminate intellectual property rights for medicineYou should understand the affirmative as an analysis of our orientation to technology that reconfigures thought from cybernetic to techno-diverse- by starting with the question of how bioinformatics are made, we rupture the cybernetic future whilst creating affective resistanceHui '19 The aff generates interventions into the affective structure of imperialism – that jams empire's communication networks and creates new resistances.Tiqqun '1 The time for change is now- the medical industry serves as an expansion of biopolitics in order to incorporate more bodies into the system.Thacker, Eugene. "The global genome - biotechnology, politics, and culture." (2005). |Harun + Sosa| The Role of the Judge is to think through virtual reality.We control a uniqueness question with regards to how the virtual collapses all thought and flesh into the digital archive – what we do now in response to this end of history and the recombination of human experience is the only discussion left.Kroker and Weinstein '94 | 9/27/21 |
SO- november 27th 2126 v2Tournament: mid america cup | Round: Doubles | Opponent: princeton jg | Judge: panel November 27th, 2126: "When the final extinction event has taken place…"(1)
April 30, 1796: The first medical patent was approved for the new invention of "Bilious Pills", marketed as a drug that solves all sorts of ailments. These pills, however, were a gimmick.CT Humanities. "First American Medicine Patent – Today in History: April 30 | Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project." Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project, 30 Apr. 2020, connecticuthistory.org/first-american-medicine-patent-today-in-history-april-30/. Two and a half centuries later: Apps are being developed to track and exteriorize the human senses by syncing ourselves with technology, marketed as a way to monitor our health and transmit biological data.~Arthur Kroker, running out of jokes here. 2014. "Exits to the Posthuman Future."~ sosa After all, data is always haunted by the trace of death.Kroker '14 This dawns the new age of bioinformatics- where expansion of biotechnology via IPRs and the globalization of cybernetics have become indistinguishablePellizzoni 15. Luigi, Associate Professor of Environmental and Political Sociology at the University of Trieste, Italy and co-editor of Neoliberalism and Technoscience. "Ontological Politics in a Disposable World: The New Mastery of Nature." 2015 sosa This bioinformatic mastery of the world enables bioprospecting- only furthering the cybernetic order.James Ming Chen 13, Justin Smith Morrill Chair in Law, Michigan State University; Of Counsel, Technology Law Group of Washington, D.C. 5-15-13. "BIOPROSPECT THEORY," https://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/989023a4-c9c1-49a6-854d-26ea7eb01cca.pdf brett As the cybernetic order progresses, the virtual class utilizes violent and combative strategies like IPRs to restructure society into a digital superhighway paved by our own fleshKroker and Weinstein '94 Thus, the inhuman ought to eliminate intellectual property rights for medicineYou should understand the affirmative as an analysis of our orientation to technology that reconfigures thought from cybernetic to techno-diverse- by starting with the question of how bioinformatics are made, we rupture the cybernetic future whilst creating affective resistanceHui '19 The aff generates interventions into the affective structure of imperialism – that jams empire's communication networks and creates new resistances.Tiqqun '1 The possibility to reappropriate tech generates communities of careDyer-Witheford and Matviyenko '19 The time for change is now- the medical industry serves as an expansion of biopolitics in order to incorporate more bodies into the system.Thacker, Eugene. "The global genome - biotechnology, politics, and culture." (2005). |Harun + Sosa| The Role of the Judge is to think through virtual reality.We control a uniqueness question with regards to how the virtual collapses all thought and flesh into the digital archive – what we do now in response to this end of history and the recombination of human experience is the only discussion left.Kroker and Weinstein '94 | 9/27/21 |
note about mid america cup rr r5Tournament: mid america cup rr | Round: 5 | Opponent: american heritage broward em | Judge: panel | 9/25/21 |
theory- framework ks badTournament: mid america cup rr | Round: 1 | Opponent: sage mp | Judge: panel | 9/27/21 |
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