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+==1AC—-Peninsula== |
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+===1AC—-Plan=== |
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+====Plan - Private entities ought not appropriate lunar heritage sites==== |
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+**Harrington 19**, Andrea J. "Preserving Humanity's Heritage in Space: Fifty Years after Apollo 11 and beyond." J. Air L. and Com. 84 (2019): 299. (Associate Professor and Director of the Schriever Space Scholars at USAF Air Command and Staff College)//Elmer |
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+The issue of humanity's cultural heritage in space has arisen as one of many unanswered |
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+AND |
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+destruction, loss, or private appropriation of our cultural heritage in space. |
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+ |
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+===1AC—-Lunar Heritage=== |
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+ |
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+====The Advantage is Lunar Heritage:==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Global Moon Rush by private actors is coming now.==== |
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+**Sample 19** Ian Sample 7-19-2019 "Apollo 11 site should be granted heritage status, says space agency boss" https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jul/19/apollo-11-site-heritage-status-space-agency-moon (PhD at Queens Mary College)//Elmer |
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+But protecting lunar heritage may not be straightforward. On Earth, the United Nations |
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+AND |
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+artefacts that will undoubtedly sell for tremendous amounts of money here on Earth." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====They'll beat Governments and won't be regulated by government agreements. ==== |
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+**Tillman 19** Nola Taylor Tillman 7-31-2019 "Will Private Companies Beat NASA to the Moon?" https://www.space.com/nasa-private-companies-moon-race.html (Science Journalist)//Elmer |
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+With private companies setting their sights on sending humans to the moon in the near |
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+AND |
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+changes "almost immediately," she said. That brings its own advantages. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Corporate development, tourism, and looting will destroy scientifically rich Tranquility base artifacts.==== |
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+**Fessl 19** Sophie Fessl 7-10-2019 "Should the Moon Landing Site Be a National Historic Landmark?" https://daily.jstor.org/should-the-moon-landing-site-be-a-national-historic-landmark/ (PhD King's College London, BA Oxford)//Elmer |
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+When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969, the |
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+AND |
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+that's on the moon was affected by a decades-long stay there. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Private entities are a unique threat—-universal rules key.==== |
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+Private Key Card – AT: Alt Causes |
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+AT: Unilat CP |
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+AT: Adv CP |
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+AT: Generic DA |
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+AT: OST DA |
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+ |
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+AND |
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+, commerce, and the use of the Moon and other celestial bodies. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Heritage Sites are critical for science research around Dust. ==== |
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+**OSTP 18** Office of Science and Technology Policy March 2018 "PROTECTING and PRESERVING APOLLO PROGRAM LUNAR LANDING SITES and ARTIFACTS" (The Office of Science and Technology Policy is a department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President, established by United States Congress on May 11, 1976, with a broad mandate to advise the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs.)//Elmer |
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+The Moon continues to hold great significance around the world. The successes of the |
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+AND |
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+to establish their appearance and condition at the time they were left behind. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Moon Dust Research key to Moon Basing.==== |
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+**Smith 19** Belinda Smith 7-18-2019 "Who protects Apollo sites when no-one owns the Moon?" https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2019-07-19/apollo-11-moon-landing-heritage-preservation-outer-space-treaty/11055458 (Strategic Communications Advisor at Department of Education and Training at University of Victoria)//Elmer |
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+It's not just about history Alongside heritage value, the bits and pieces left on |
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+AND |
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+Moon is a testament to what we did and when we did it." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Lunar Basing solves Earth Observation, which is key to Atmospheric Science, specifically key to resolve Super-Volcanoes and artic aviation ==== |
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+**Hamill 16**, Patrick. "Atmospheric observations from the moon: A lunar earth-observatory." 2016 Ieee International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss). IEEE, 2016. (Department of Physics and Astronomy at San Jose State University)//Elmer |
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+ABSTRACT A telescope placed on the Moon would be valuable tool for studies of the |
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+AND |
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+no interference of measurements of the radiation emitted from the surface of Earth. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Arctic aviation through Alaska solves nuclear wars.==== |
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+**Cooper 12 –** Kathleen Cooper, Master's Degrees in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix and Military Operational Art and Science from Air Command and Staff College, ""North To Alaska": The Geostrategic Importance of the Last Frontier", SAASS Thesis, June, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1019442.pdf |
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+This thesis examines whether Alaska is as strategically important today as when Mitchell made his |
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+AND |
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+hostile ballistic missiles. Alaska's significance continues to endure the test of time. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Volcano explosions cause Civilizational Collapse – Extinction – predicting and mitigating are key.==== |
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+**Pamlin and Armstrong 15**, Dennis, and Stuart Armstrong. "Global challenges: 12 risks that threaten human civilization." Global Challenges Foundation, Stockholm (2015). (Entrepreneur and Founder of 21st Century Frontiers, Senior Associate at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Visiting Research Fellow at the Research Center of Journalism and Social Development at Renmin University)//Elmer |
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+3.2.2.1 Expected impact disaggregation 3.2.2 |
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+AND |
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+is possible only as a consequence of civilisation collapse and subsequent shocks.387 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Improved Atmospheric Science solves Natural Disasters.==== |
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+**Fox et Al 18** H. Steptoe, S. Jones, and H. Fox 2-28-2018 "Can Atmospheric Science Improve Global Disaster Resilience?" https://eos.org/editors-vox/can-atmospheric-science-improve-global-disaster-resilience (Science Writer at EOS)//Elmer |
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+Many of the natural disasters that make the news headlines are related to extreme or |
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+AND |
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+it may increase their risk of multi-hazard losses across different regions. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Natural Disasters are an Existential Event – outweighs Nuclear War.==== |
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+**Wright 18** Pam Wright 1-19-2018 "Extreme Weather Events Have Greatest Likelihood of Threatening Human Existence, Experts Say" https://weather.com/science/environment/news/2018-01-19-extreme-weather-threatens-human-existence (M.S. in Meteorology, editor for The Weather Channel)//Elmer |
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+Extreme weather events are the most likely threat to humanity in the next 10 years |
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+AND |
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+with a stronger sense of urgency in order to avoid potential system collapse." |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Lunar Basing key to Ageing Research – solves Ageing Crisis.==== |
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+**Green 10**, David A. "How the UK can lead the terrestrial translation of biomedical advances arising from lunar exploration activities." Earth, Moon, and Planets 107.1 (2010): 127-146. (Programme Director, Space Physiology and Health MSc at Kings College London)//Elmer |
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+Space-faring nations have accumulated much knowledge regarding the acute changes associated with microgravity |
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+AND |
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+terrestrial returns in terms of knowledge, health and wellbeing and economic development. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Ageing Crisis causes Russia War.==== |
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+**Brooks et Al 18**, Deborah Jordan, et al. "The demographic transition theory of war: why young societies are conflict prone and old societies are the most peaceful." International Security 43.3 (2018): 53-95. (associate professor in the Department of Government at Dartmouth College)//Elmer |
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+The third potential way to understand Russia's recent military assertiveness is based on closing window |
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+AND |
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+at least some revisionist international objectives before these constraints become even more powerful. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Political Dynamics makes Russian-Lash-out goes Nuclear.==== |
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+**Thompson 15** Loren Thompson 1-2-2015 "Why Putin's Russia Is The Biggest Threat To America In 2015" https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2015/01/02/why-putins-russia-is-the-biggest-threat-to-america-in-2015/~~#711522f74636 (COO at Lexington Institute)//Elmer |
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+A collapsing economy. Much of Putin's popularity within Russia is traceable to the impressive |
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+AND |
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+it is just a matter of time before some dictator calls America's bluff. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Nuke war causes extinction AND outweighs other existential risks==== |
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+**PND 16**. internally citing Zbigniew Brzezinski, Council of Foreign Relations and former national security adviser to President Carter, Toon and Robock's 2012 study on nuclear winter in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Gareth Evans' International Commission on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Report, Congressional EMP studies, studies on nuclear winter by Seth Baum of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute and Martin Hellman of Stanford University, and U.S. and Russian former Defense Secretaries and former heads of nuclear missile forces, brief submitted to the United Nations General Assembly, Open-Ended Working Group on nuclear risks. A/AC.286/NGO/13. 05-03-2016. http://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/OEWG/2016/Documents/NGO13.pdf //Re-cut by Elmer |
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+Consequences human survival 12. Even if the 'other' side does NOT launch in response |
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+AND |
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+course the immediate post-nuclear results for Hiroshima and Nagasaki as well. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===1AC—-Framework=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The standard is maximizing expected well-being. – we will spec – Hedonistic act Utilitarianism==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Prefer:==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue==== |
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+Blum et al. 18 |
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+Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S. |
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+Pleasure is not only one of the three primary reward functions but it also defines |
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+AND |
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+these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Extinction first –==== |
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+ |
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+====1 – Forecloses future improvement – we can never improve society because our impact is irreversible==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====2 – Turns suffering – mass death causes suffering because people can't get access to resources and basic necessities==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====3 – Moral obligation – allowing people to die is unethical and should be prevented because it creates ethics towards other people==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====4 – Objectivity – body count is the most objective way to calculate impacts because comparing suffering is unethical==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====5 – Moral uncertainty – if we're unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it==== |