Harvard Westlake Johnstone Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 1 | Peninsula WW | Parth Misra |
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| PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 3 | Marlborough LF | Mariel Cruz |
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| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 1 | Marlborough AK | Jacob Nails |
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| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 4 | Plano East Senior AD | Valorie Lam |
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| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 5 | Aragon ZA | Srinidhi Yerraguntala |
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| R2S - Damus | 5 | Marlborough MJ | Sohum Tiwary |
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| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 6 | Marlborough OO | Ben Cortez |
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| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 4 | Zoe Goor | Julian Kuffour |
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| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 1 | Mission San Jose | Sarah Roberts |
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| WTO - Loyola | 4 | Honor VD | Brixz Gonzaba |
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| WTO - Loyola | 5 | Marlborough AW | Lucas Hunter |
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| WTO - Loyola | 1 | Orange Lutheran AZ | Lena Mizrahi |
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| WTO - St Marx | 2 | Midlothian AC | Mohul Aggarwal |
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| WTO - St Marx | 6 | Dwight-Englewood EK | Lindsey Williams |
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| X | Finals | X | X |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 1 | Opponent: Peninsula WW | Judge: Parth Misra 1AC - Cosmic colonialism |
| PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Mariel Cruz 1AC - Global commons |
| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails 1AC - Global commons |
| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam 1AC - Virilio |
| PS - Peninsula Invitational | 5 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala 1AC - Lunar heritage sites |
| R2S - Damus | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Sohum Tiwary 1AC - Prison aff |
| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 6 | Opponent: Marlborough OO | Judge: Ben Cortez 1AC - Incarcerated workers |
| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 4 | Opponent: Zoe Goor | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1AC - Incarcerated workers |
| R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose | Judge: Sarah Roberts 1AC - China Aff |
| WTO - Loyola | 4 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Brixz Gonzaba 1AC K Aff |
| WTO - Loyola | 5 | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Lucas Hunter 1AC Soft-left COVID Aff |
| WTO - Loyola | 1 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi 1AC Soft-left structural violence |
| WTO - St Marx | 2 | Opponent: Midlothian AC | Judge: Mohul Aggarwal 1AC - Util FW Bioterror Drug prices Variants |
| WTO - St Marx | 6 | Opponent: Dwight-Englewood EK | Judge: Lindsey Williams 1AC - Econ adv WTO legitimacy adv Solvency Util |
| X | Finals | Opponent: X | Judge: X Elizabeth Johnstone Email - ejohnstone1@hwemailcom |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: X | Round: Finals | Opponent: X | Judge: X Email: ejohnstone1@hwemail.com I will disclose for every round, but please let me know if there's an issue! Names of tournaments: Names of topics: | 1/24/22 |
Loyola R1 - Pharma DATournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi Pharma DA1NC – DiseaseA. UQ: Pharma profits are up from COVID vaccines, patent waivers threaten thisBuchholz 5-17-21 AND almost $428 million accrued in the first nine months of the year. B. Link: Strong IP protection spurs innovation by encouraging risk-taking and incentivizing knowledge sharing—prefer statistical analysis of multiple studiesEzell and Cory 19 AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 C. IL: Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterrorMarjanovic and Feijao 20 AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. D. Impact: That causes extinction, which outweighs.Millett and Snyder-Beattie 17 AND and Japan using plague to cause an epidemic in China during WWII.27 1NC – Turns CaseTRIPS allows for a faster rollout of medicine, helping millions around the world.Kyle and Qian 13 AND higher quantities sold. However, conditions vary substantially across countries and products. | 9/4/21 |
PS - Peninsula R1 - COPUOS CPTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails COPUOS CPText: The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS)’s Legal Subcommittee ought to recognize outer space as a global commonsThe CP competes off of actor spec – they had complete control over how and who implements the aff, especially in this topic since the actor was not specified in the resolution. The actor is a key, debatable element and a change poses an opportunity cost, which is sufficient for competition.COPUOS has jurisdiction and has passed policy on similar topics in the pastUNOOSA AND an annual resolution on international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space. COPUOS is losing legitimacy due to an inability to reach consensus and thereby pass policies – the CP restores faith, discourages weak agreements, solves space debris, sustainability, and security issuesMasson-Zwaan 19 AND and then identify current principles and future issues that may raise more concerns. Restaurant PTX DARestaurant package coming now, but floor time is key and in short supplyMcpherson 1-15-22 AND . "The ques¬tion is, how will it come to the floor?" The plan is a political firestorm—-regulating private space is unpopular—-lawmakers want to encourage private space industries to encourage innovation and avoid government liability.Loren Grush 15, science reporter for The Verge, the technology and culture brand from Vox Media, where she specializes in news about Space and Space law, 2015, "Private space companies avoid FAA oversight again, with Congress' blessing," https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/16/9744298/private-space-government-regulation-spacex-asteroid-mining AND , H.R. 2262 guarantees that they will own those materials. | 1/22/22 |
PS - Peninsula R1 - Innovation DATournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails Innovation DAPrivate space firms are key to promote competition and drive innovationNguyen 21 Hanh Nguyen-Le is a second-year Master of Public Administration student at the London School of Economics. She is also the Government Affairs Associate at the Space Foundation, a nonprofit advocate organization for space exploration and space-inspired industries, where she focuses on U.S. Congressional relations and national space policy. "Billionaire Private Investment Is Good for the Space Industry, Whether We like It or Not." 2021. USAPP. July 19, 2021. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/07/19/billionaire-private-investment-is-good-for-the-space-industry-whether-we-like-it-or-not/.//WL AND has stimulated the space market and made space more accessible – and profitable. ====Space innovation is key to colonizing outer space- scientific discovery promotes breakthroughs that benefit society==== AND one of positive benefit for all, while making opportunities inclusive to all. Not colonizing space directly links to human and extraterrestrial extinction scenarios, which outweighMunevar, PhD, 19 ~Gonzalo Munevar, Professor Emeritus at Lawrence Technological University, PhD Philosophy @ UC Berkeley. "An obligation to colonize outer space", Futures, Vol. 110, Pg. 38-40, published June 2019, accessed 11-1-2021, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328718302660~~#!~~ HWIC AND solutions, as can be gathered from previous discussion on robotic missions.13 | 1/22/22 |
PS - Peninsula R1 - Laser Cannons CPTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails Laser Cannons CPCP –Outer Space ought to be made into a global commons except for the orbital space surrounding the ISS for purposes of single-use debris-limiting laser cannonsthe US and Japan ought to divert funds to build a laser cannon for the International Space Station and require gossamer sails on all future satellitesDebris is already here, the problem is cleaning it up, and only the profit motive from private entities can do itPowell 15 AND be the exact same ones needed to blaze a path to the stars. | 1/22/22 |
PS - Peninsula R1 - Restaurants DATournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails Restaurants DARestaurants failing means collapse of the economy – it takes other sectors down with itCAEDC 21 AND Local restaurants may even switch out their menus regularly to highlight seasonal produce. Economic decline causes global nuclear warStein Tønnesson 15, Research Professor, Peace Research Institute Oslo; Leader of East Asia Peace program, Uppsala University, 2015, "Deterrence, interdependence and Sino–US peace," International Area Studies Review, Vol. 18, No. 3, p. 297-311 AND each other, with a view to obliging Washington or Beijing to intervene. | 1/22/22 |
PS - Peninsula R1 - Space Weaponization DATournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough AK | Judge: Jacob Nails Space Weaponization DAThey said $$ at all costs Non-state actors in space are conflict dampeners – they avoid geopolitical tension and have financial incentives to keep conflict lowFrankowski 17 (Pawel, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of National Security. His current research interests include space policy, labour standards in free trade agreements, and theories of international relations, Jagiellonian University in Kakow, "OUTER SPACE AND PRIVATE COMPANIES CONSEQUENCES FOR GLOBAL SECURITY", https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.50.06) AND nascent public good provided by private actors for the sake of global security. Space weaponization and arms racing ensure space war goes nuclear – only strong private competition can check conflictHitchens ’17 (Theresa Hitchens, Theresa Hitchens is Senior Research Scholar at the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, Prior to joining CISSM, Hitchens was the director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) in Geneva from 2009 through 2014. Among her activities and accomplishments at UNIDIR, Hitchens served as a consultant to the U.N. Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence Building Measures in Outer Space Activities, provided expert advice to the Conference on Disarmament regarding the prevention of an arms race in outer space (PAROS), and launched UNIDIR's annual conference on cyber security, From 2001 to 2008, Hitchens worked at the Center for Defense Information, where she served as Director, and headed the center’s Space Security Project, setting the strategic direction of the center and conducting research on space policy and other international security issues, "Space weapon technology and policy", School of Public Policy University of Maryland, https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5009221?class=pdf, November 2017) AND in space that it does on the Earth, remains to be seen. | 1/22/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - CaseTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam CaseAuthor indictsVirilio’s a massive technophobe and has nothing to support his claims– his fundamentalism leads to a hyperviolence that outweighs and turns the K.Kellner 03 Kellner, 2003 – critical theorist in the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, George Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education in the GSEI at UCLA (Douglas, "Virilio, War, and Technology: Some Critical Reflections", illuminations: the critical theory project, http://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Illumina20Folder/kell29.htm *the brackets were included in the original article JI AND , mixing what might be appraised as positive and negative features and effects. Turn¬– TotalizingVirilio’s philosophy centers the world on one single principle– it’s totalizing and ignores other major factors.Brugger 99 (Niels Brugger. "Critical introduction to the work of Paul Virilio" presented as part of The Danish Transport Council: SPEED-A workshop on space, time and mobility. October 1999. www.trg.dk/transportraadet/pup/NT/NT-99-05.doc) JI AND examples are often extended to what is said to be a general tendency. Turn– FascismTheir technophobia is so extreme that it boosts fascism – turning their own goals.Stevenson ‘2
AND 'substitutes moralising critique for social analysis and political action' (Kellner, 2000). Speed and Tech can liberate – this outweighs their domination argsStevenson ‘2 AND and more culturally complex features of identity politics in respect of the Net. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - FWTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam FWThe standard is maximizing expected well-being. To clarify, hedonistic act util. Prefer –1~ Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 AND these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction or RDS. 2~ Substitutability—only consequentialism explains necessary enablers.Sinnott-Armstrong 92 ~Walter, professor of practical ethics. "An Argument for Consequentialism" Dartmouth College Philosophical Perspectives. 1992.~ AND substitutability if it claims that properties like this provide moral reasons. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - Laser Cannons CPTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam Laser Cannons CPCP –Ban the private appropriation of outer space except for the orbital space surrounding the ISS for purposes of single-use debris-limiting laser cannonsthe US and Japan ought to divert funds to build a laser cannon for the International Space Station and require gossamer sails on all future satellitesDebris is already here, the problem is cleaning it up, and only the profit motive from private entities can do itPowell 15 AND be the exact same ones needed to blaze a path to the stars. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - Right DisadTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam Right DisadTheir focus on speed ignores the brutal reality of the war itself – this allows the pentagon to sell the new "clean" wars to the public unwittingly reinforcing American militarism. Kishna 93Krishna, Dept. Poli Sci @ Hawaii, in ’93 ~Snakaran, Alternatives 18, 399~ JI AND sense of violence war can be more effectively sold to a jingoistic public. And, slowing things down plays into the hands of fundamentalisms of all stripes. The K would make the tea party’s nostalgic politics more effective. Conolly 02.Connolly, Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University, in ‘2 ~William, Neuropolitics, pg. 180~ JI AND We turn now to that dimension of citizen politics that reaches across states. And, we can’t go back to an age before technology—pursuing high-speed rail as a shared resource through an embrace of pluralism harnesses the revolutionary power of speed to democratic ends. Opening ourselves up to the dynamism of speed is crucial to overcome virulent nationalism, social violence, and the drumbeat of war. ¶Connolly 2 (William E. Krieger-Eisenhower Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins University, "Neuropolitics Thinking, Culture, Speed" Theory Out of Bounds, Volume 23, University of Minnesota Press, P140-2) JI AND so fast that the promise of democracy becomes translated into fascist becoming machines. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - Space Weaponization DATournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam Space Weaponization DAThey said $$ at all costs Non-state actors in space are conflict dampeners – they avoid geopolitical tension and have financial incentives to keep conflict lowFrankowski 17 (Pawel, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of National Security. His current research interests include space policy, labour standards in free trade agreements, and theories of international relations, Jagiellonian University in Kakow, "OUTER SPACE AND PRIVATE COMPANIES CONSEQUENCES FOR GLOBAL SECURITY", https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.50.06) AND nascent public good provided by private actors for the sake of global security. Space weaponization and arms racing ensure space war goes nuclear – only strong private competition can check conflictHitchens ’17 (Theresa Hitchens, Theresa Hitchens is Senior Research Scholar at the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, Prior to joining CISSM, Hitchens was the director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) in Geneva from 2009 through 2014. Among her activities and accomplishments at UNIDIR, Hitchens served as a consultant to the U.N. Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence Building Measures in Outer Space Activities, provided expert advice to the Conference on Disarmament regarding the prevention of an arms race in outer space (PAROS), and launched UNIDIR's annual conference on cyber security, From 2001 to 2008, Hitchens worked at the Center for Defense Information, where she served as Director, and headed the center’s Space Security Project, setting the strategic direction of the center and conducting research on space policy and other international security issues, "Space weapon technology and policy", School of Public Policy University of Maryland, https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5009221?class=pdf, November 2017) AND in space that it does on the Earth, remains to be seen. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R4 - T ImplementationTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Plano East Senior AD | Judge: Valorie Lam T – implementationT – must implementInterp and violation: the affirmative must defend the consequences of a world in which private entities do not appropriate space."Resolved:" refers to a legislative debate.Louisiana State Legislature 16, "Glossary of Legislative Terms," http://www.legis.state.la.us/glossary2.htm AND Senate Rules 10.9, 13.5 and 15.1) Unjust means unlawfulWaters 98 ~H. FRANKLIN WATERS, Senior District Judge. Colonia Ins. Co. v. City Nat. Bank, 13 F. Supp. 2d 891 - Dist. Court, WD Arkansas 1998~ TDI AND , Coleman is not entitled to summary judgment on plaintiffs' unjust enrichment claim. Negate–1~ Competitive equity—any alternative to our model of the topic as a baseline for discussion wrecks it—it’s impossible to negate alternative frameworks with the ground allocated to us by the parameters of the resolution—all 1AR defense to this claim will rely on concessionary ground which isn’t a stable basis for a year of debate.2~ Truth testing—they moot the role of the negative which is to force the aff to defend their core assumptions—allowing affs to reframe the debate around their terms makes engagement impossible—outweighs and turns the aff because clash is the only way to translate anything debate gives us outside of the activity.Drop the debater – their abusive advocacy skewed our 1NC construction, allowing 1AR restart doesn't solveCompeting interps on T – topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical, only competing interps create norms — reasonability is arbitrary and invites judge intervention causing a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R5 - CaseTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala CasePrivate space appropriation will solve extinction – presume negGinsberg 17 AND to do our best and try to make as much progress as possible." We’re still lightyears away from lunar mining — even Elon acknowledges the immense difficulties that we’re nowhere near solvingMining Technology 17 AND to do all of this whilst carrying an extremely heavy cargo of REM. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R5 - Fem IR KTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala Fem IR KThe commons link – The aff’s trust in distinctions between the The aff’s trust in distinctions between the "private" and "common" strengthens patriarchal binaries where nature and resources are feminized, leading to never ending abuse and destructionSotiropoulou 17 AND Federici 2004, Mies 1998, Peterson 2003, Ehrenreich and English 1973). Congrats, you bring masculinity to space!Griffin 09 AND behave much better than on Earth?‘ (200-'1: 10). The aff’s drive to prevent extinction is a form of masculine survivalism where gendered bodies become the unwilling tools to sustain humanity. You should refuse their obsession with patriarchal reproduction.Mitchell 15 AND myriad cultural, political, aesthetic, sensual and other dimensions of reproduction. The impact is hypermasculine war-making- claims of objectivity are patently flawed because they are based in gendered decision-makingSjoberg 13 AND war languages, which produce (and reproduce) gendered cycles of violence. The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of an ontological revisionism that deconstructs the myth of the masculine western subject. This is a politics that destabilizes the masculine subject by revealing how its false universality underwrites gender violence globallyYoungs 04 AND power and influence in collective (most significantly state) and individual forms. The K comes first - policies are constituted by and produce subjects, not blanket assessments of outcomes and impacts. The ROB is to interrogate the gendered nature of the 1AC as a research project.Bacchi 16 AND issue? And how does it produce them as particular kinds of subjects? | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R5 - Space Weaponization DATournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala Space Weaponization DAThey said $$ at all costs Non-state actors in space are conflict dampeners – they avoid geopolitical tension and have financial incentives to keep conflict lowFrankowski 17 (Pawel, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of National Security. His current research interests include space policy, labour standards in free trade agreements, and theories of international relations, Jagiellonian University in Kakow, "OUTER SPACE AND PRIVATE COMPANIES CONSEQUENCES FOR GLOBAL SECURITY", https://doi.org/10.12797/Politeja.14.2017.50.06) AND nascent public good provided by private actors for the sake of global security. Space weaponization and arms racing ensure space war goes nuclear – only strong private competition can check conflictHitchens ’17 (Theresa Hitchens, Theresa Hitchens is Senior Research Scholar at the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, Prior to joining CISSM, Hitchens was the director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) in Geneva from 2009 through 2014. Among her activities and accomplishments at UNIDIR, Hitchens served as a consultant to the U.N. Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence Building Measures in Outer Space Activities, provided expert advice to the Conference on Disarmament regarding the prevention of an arms race in outer space (PAROS), and launched UNIDIR's annual conference on cyber security, From 2001 to 2008, Hitchens worked at the Center for Defense Information, where she served as Director, and headed the center’s Space Security Project, setting the strategic direction of the center and conducting research on space policy and other international security issues, "Space weapon technology and policy", School of Public Policy University of Maryland, https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5009221?class=pdf, November 2017) AND in space that it does on the Earth, remains to be seen. | 1/24/22 |
PS - Peninsula R5 - T specTournament: PS - Peninsula Invitational | Round: 5 | Opponent: Aragon ZA | Judge: Srinidhi Yerraguntala T specInterp and violation: Affirmatives may not defend only specific instances of outer space appropriation by private entities as unjust."The" can either indicate a definite generic or definite descriptionOjeda 91 ~Almerindo E. Ojeda, PhD linguistics from UChicago, professor of linguistics at UC Davis. "Definite Descriptions and Definite Generics", Linguistics and Philosophy, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 367-397, Published August 1991, https://www.harvardlds.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/1-s2.0-S0010027718300313-main-3.pdf~~ HWIC Moral statements are generic normative principles – necessitates the generic interpretationMcDonald 09 ~Hugh P. McDonald, professor of philosophy at the New York City College of Technology. "Principles: The Principles of Principles." The Pluralist, vol. 4, no. 3, ~University of Illinois Press, Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy~, 2009, pp. 98–126, https://www.jstor.org/stable/20708996~~ HWIC AND of emission from the sun but are not identical with those for red. | 1/24/22 |
PS - UNLV R1 - CaseTournament: PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula WW | Judge: Parth Misra CaseT/LThe state is not innocent — any space exploration perpetuates environmental and economic injustice, and launches allow governments to create capitalist areas of wasteKlinger 19 AND outer space and reconceived alongside evolving deliberations on the prospects for human survival. Public and private companies must work together to overcome blockages that each industry face, only together can the process be expeditedHouser 17 (Kristin Houser is a writer for Futurism , where she covers science and tech. Her written work has appeared in Business Insider, NBC News, and the World Economic Forum’s Agenda, among other publications https://futurism.com/private-companies-not-governments-are-shaping-the-future-of-space-exploration) HWLND AND but that can be later streamlined and improved upon in the private sector. Space law will be near impossible to enforce — numerous jurisdictional issues on other planets.Gohd 19 AND would no longer be in a habitat or craft from an Earth nation? Belief in apocalyptic space impacts diverts focus away from solutions we need on Earth, voids any progress towards solving the climate crisis and unleashes planetary doomWilliams 10 AND of our energies on solving the problems that create these threats on Earth? Ozone stable – and no impactLieberman 07
AND , "hunters now report finding blind rabbits; fisherman catch blind salmon." Effects off black carbon are over exaggerated.Nelsen, 2014. (Arthur Nelsen is Europe environment correspondent at the Guardian. Climate impact of black carbon severely overestimated, says study. September 26, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/26/climate-impact-of-black-carbon-severely-overestimated-says-study) AND because that way you can be sure that you are reducing global warming." | 2/5/22 |
PS - UNLV R1 - Fem IR KTournament: PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: Peninsula WW | Judge: Parth Misra Fem IRThe aff’s drive to prevent extinction is a form of masculine survivalism where gendered bodies become the unwilling tools to sustain humanity. You should refuse their obsession with patriarchal reproduction.Mitchell 15 AND myriad cultural, political, aesthetic, sensual and other dimensions of reproduction. Framing space as a new province for "mankind" allows inequality to prevail – the aff using space as a scapegoat for existing problems creates a new world that reproduces structural imbalances and gendered dynamics in the formation of space law.Steer 20 AND the province of all mankind", let alone the province of all humanity. Their seemingly critical approach to climate justice is steeped in Western modernity’s narrative of "developing nations" as inherently vulnerable and ‘primitive’-Tuana 13 AND likely to suffer a worsening of their everyday conditions (2010, 130). Environmental management is underpinned by patriarchal relations to nature. The very concept of environmental extinction is intrinsic to gendered conceptions of humanity and conservation.Mitchell 15 AND in re-thinking dominant frames of extinction and the commodification of biodiversity. The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of an ontological revisionism that deconstructs the myth of the masculine western subject. This is a politics that destabilizes the masculine subject by revealing how its false universality underwrites gender violence globallyYoungs 04 AND power and influence in collective (most significantly state) and individual forms. The K comes first - policies are constituted by and produce subjects, not blanket assessments of outcomes and impacts. The ROB is to interrogate the gendered nature of the 1AC as a research projectBacchi 16 AND issue? And how does it produce them as particular kinds of subjects? | 2/5/22 |
PS - UNLV R3 - CaseTournament: PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Mariel Cruz CaseAdvantage 1Kessler syndrome is media hype – no riskVon Fange 17 AND . I’m removing Kessler Syndrome from my list of things to worry about. SolvencyThe term global commons leads to a false sense of security which exploits whatever is supposedly being protectedClancy 98 (The Tragedy of the Global Commons, Spring 1998, https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1136andcontext=ijgls pecial Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State, US Department of State, Indiana Journal of global legal studies)HWLND AND commons fall victim to the predatory interest of individual exploiting nations. | 2/6/22 |
PS - UNLV R3 - Fem IRTournament: PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Mariel Cruz Fem IRThe aff’s trust in distinctions between the "private" and "common" strengthens patriarchal binaries where nature and resources are feminized, leading to never ending abuse and destructionSotiropoulou 17 AND Federici 2004, Mies 1998, Peterson 2003, Ehrenreich and English 1973). Their method of i-law exacerbates suffering caused by existing hierarchies and allows states to use "one-size-fits-all" policy solutions. Only a feminist analysis can de-center states and increase accountability to break down gendered biases and create specific laws that can combat discrimination.Hodson and Lavers 19 AND methodology could off er alternative perspectives that illuminate pathways to doing law differently. Framing space as a new province for "mankind" allows inequality to prevail – the aff using space as a scapegoat for existing problems creates a new world that reproduces structural imbalances and gendered dynamics in the formation of space law.Steer 20 AND the province of all mankind", let alone the province of all humanity. The impact is hypermasculine war-making- claims of objectivity are patently flawed because they are based in gendered decision-makingSjoberg 13 AND war languages, which produce (and reproduce) gendered cycles of violence. The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of an ontological revisionism that deconstructs the myth of the masculine western subject. This is a politics that destabilizes the masculine subject by revealing how its false universality underwrites gender violence globallyYoungs 04 AND power and influence in collective (most significantly state) and individual forms. The K comes first - policies are constituted by and produce subjects, not blanket assessments of outcomes and impacts. The ROB is to interrogate the gendered nature of the 1AC as a research projectBacchi 16 AND issue? And how does it produce them as particular kinds of subjects? | 2/6/22 |
PS - UNLV R3 - T Positive ActionTournament: PS - Golden Desert Debate Tournament at UNLV | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough LF | Judge: Mariel Cruz T – Positive ActionUnjust refers to a negative action – it means contrary.Black’s Laws No Date "What is Unjust?" https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/ Elmer | 2/6/22 |
R2S - Damus R5 - Firefighters PICTournament: R2S - Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Sohum Tiwary Text: The 49 United States excluding California ought to recognize an unconditional right for incarcerated workers to strike. California should recognize a right for incarcerated workers, except those in the prison firefighter program, to strike.Firefighter programs decidedly better than prison and solve megafires – saves numerous preventable deaths.Hahn, 21 AND working the blaze and that the gratitude expressed toward first responders included us. The program reduces recidivism and violent crime by ingraining first-responder logic.Lockheart, 20 AND Once you've lived that life, it's a hard thing to leave behind. Megafires kill biodiversity.Stevens, 12 AND the impact of these mega fires over the long haul is very negative." Biodiversity loss causes extinction and turns climate changeTorres 16 AND relation between climate change and biodiversity loss is bidirectional. CasePrisons would go down fighting – causes legal lobbying to extend prison sentences to secure the labor pool – turns case.Serwer, 14 AND require the prisons to draw more incarcerated workers away from its firefighting crews. Strikes are generally not effective—the ones that work are surprises to the employer, meaning aff’s recognition of an unconditional right to strike undermines any chance of solvencyGarneau 19 ~Marianne Garneau is a labor educator and organizer with the historic IWW, Industrial Workers of the World. She’s the publisher of the website Organizing.Work. "Why Don’t Strikes Achieve More?" Organizing Work. May 1, 2019. https://organizing.work/2019/05/why-dont-strikes-achieve-more/~~ HW Alex Lee AND difference. And we will lose sight of what makes a strike effective. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - Damus R5 - SetCol KTournament: R2S - Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Sohum Tiwary Settler colonialism is the permeating structure of the nation-state which requires the elimination of Indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.Tuck and Yang 12 AND p. 36). Settler colonialism and its decolonization implicates and unsettles everyone. Grouping Native Americans under the umbrella of "people of color" destroys liberatory potential and homogenizes their unique experience.Cook-Lynn 07 AND studies, which has a tendency to obliterate difference, particularly political difference. Thus, the only alternative is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 AND one. Decolonization is not an "and". It is an elsewhere. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - Damus R5 - T WorkersTournament: R2S - Damus | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough MJ | Judge: Sohum Tiwary Interp: Workers have certain employment rights endowed to them.UK Government, ND AND the workplace to not be treated less favourably if they work part-time Violations:1. No minimum wage – 1AC Fulcher2. Wage theft – 1AC Fulcher3. No rest breaks or paid leave – 1AC Eisen4. Involuntary servitude is allowed for prisoners.Ourdocuments.gov, ND AND 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 5. "Employer" excludes government actors.29 U.S. Code § 152 AND anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - USC - Fire PICTournament: R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Zoe Goor | Judge: Julian Kuffour Fire PICText: The 49 United States excluding California ought to recognize an unconditional right for incarcerated workers to strike. California should recognize a right for incarcerated workers, except those in the prison firefighter program, to strike.Firefighter programs decidedly better than prison and solve megafires – saves numerous preventable deaths.Hahn, 21 AND working the blaze and that the gratitude expressed toward first responders included us. The program reduces recidivism and violent crime by ingraining first-responder logic.Lockheart, 20 AND Once you've lived that life, it's a hard thing to leave behind. Megafires kill biodiversity.Stevens, 12 AND the impact of these mega fires over the long haul is very negative." Biodiversity loss causes extinction and turns climate changePhil Torres, Scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, 5-20-2016, "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change," Future of Life Institute, https://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/ AND . So the causal relation between climate change and biodiversity loss is bidirectional. CaseTurn: Strikes racistRacism is institutionalized in the creation of Unions and in turn striking – It creates a Catch 22 and stonewalls Black workers, so they feel the lack of accessibility to unions is their own fault rather than the racist institution.Watson 6-14 AND frustrated, rather than seeing the mechanisms at work that produced this outcome. Turn: Prison labor goodPrison labor reduces recidivism – empiricsReynolds 97 AND been especially effective in reducing the likelihood of recidivism in the long term. SolvencyThe affirmative’s discourse of prison reform masks a superficial and dangerous attempt to relegitimize the horrors of the prison system.Karakatsanis 19 AND laws—shapes their ideas about how to "fix" the system. The prison-industrial complex reinscribes the domination of the state—it bolsters its capitalist, racist, and imperialist projects.Gilbert 08 AND but rather to redirect their frustrations toward those lower on the social ladder. The justice system is deliberately irrational and prejudiced—the only solution is to decouple the concepts of crime and punishment and embrace restorative justice.Davis 03 AND for his or her acts, and to assume the duty of repair." An abolitionist framework is key to challenge the prison-industrial complex.Allegra MacLeod, BA @ Scripps College of the Claremont Consortium, JD @ Yale, PhD @ Stanford, immigration and criminal lawyer, professor of political theory @ Stanford, consulting attorney with the Stanford Immigrants’ Rights and Criminal Defense Clinics, 2015, " Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice," Georgetown University Law Center, https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2502andcontext=facpub AND punishment institutions, especially the imposition of imprisonment or a sentence of death. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - USC - SetCol KTournament: R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | Round: 4 | Opponent: Zoe Goor | Judge: Julian Kuffour 1NC – SetColSettler colonialism is the permeating structure of the nation-state which requires the elimination of Indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.Tuck and Yang 12 AND p. 36). Settler colonialism and its decolonization implicates and unsettles everyone. Unions’ self-portrayal as social justice advocates ignores their mistreatment of Indigenous industry—they threaten Indigenous sovereignty and hide behind the courts.Harvard Law Review 21 AND government misunderstand the nature of enterprise as a tool of self-government. All reforms that aren’t invested in abolition reproduce settler colonialism and ascribe carcerality as an inevitable part of the social landscapeThibault 16 (Katie Thibault; Graduate in Gender Studies from Queen’s University; The Canadian Carceral State: Violent Colonial Logics of Indigenous Dispossession; April, 2016) – KLab2020-Mahintha AND g. "tough on crime" discourses), and ongoing colonial violence. Settler colonialism is a constant state of incarceration for Indigeneity. Prison reform assuages anxious settler desires whose existence is founded on the reproduction of Indigeneous bare life both inside and outside the prison. The alt is decolonization, which is mutually exclusive with the aff.Anthony and Blagg, 20—Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Technology, Sydney AND Professor of Criminology and Associate Dean of Research at the Law School, University of Western Australia (Thalia and Harry, "Hyperincarceration and Indigeneity," Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology, February 2020) AND been denied through an existence of bare life where hyperincarceration has loomed large. Decolonization necessitates abolition—settler colonialism is intimately connected to the prison system.Sepulveda 20 AND supremacy, rather than fashioning ways to include more people in its institutions. The role of the ballot is to best recognize Indigenous scholarship and resistance—any ethical commitment requires that the aff center discussion in Native scholarship and demands.Carlson 16 AND I believe our contributions to settler colonial studies are even more deeply problematic. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - USC R1 - CaseTournament: R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose | Judge: Sarah Roberts Case1NC China Econ UChinese economic collapse inevitable- omicron, housingEconomist 12-1-21 https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/chinas-economy-looks-especially-vulnerable-to-the-spread-of-omicron/21806564 AND capital than the regulatory minimum of 10.5, the firm says. Chinese government failing to stabilize economyTang 12-2-21 AND domestic slowdown and external spillover; and maintaining exports by improving external relations. 1. Soft power key to China’s riseMikail Kalimuddin 17, M.A., Brown University, Branch Head of the Singapore Defence Policy Office, 2017, "The Role of Soft Power in China’s Security Strategy: Case Studies on the south China Sea and Taiwan," https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1038741.pdf AND settled upon, this growth in institutional soft power will be particularly valuable. 2. Collapses the liberal orderEric Orts 18, the Guardsmark Professor at The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 6/27/18, "Foreign Affairs: Six Future Scenarios (and a Seventh)," https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/foreign-affairs-six-future-scenarios-seventh-eric-orts AND problems, such as the risks of thermonuclear war and global climate catastrophe. 3. Liberal order caps extinction risksYuval Noah Harari 18, Professor of History at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9/26/18, "We need a post-liberal order now," The Economist, https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/09/26/we-need-a-post-liberal-order-now AND walls keep rising, eventually the whole of humankind will feel the squeeze. 4. Chinese global governance isn’t peacefulBradley A. Thayer 18, associate professor of political science at the University of Minnesota-Duluth, with; John Friend; 10/3/18, "The World According to China," https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/the-world-according-to-china/ AND own borders speaks volumes to its goal of supplanting liberal values with authoritarianism. 5. China will use power aggressivelyJennifer Lind 18, Associate Professor, Department of Government, Dartmouth College, March/April 2018, "Life in China's Asia," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 97, No. 2 AND and what costs they are willing to pay to shape or forestall it. | 12/13/21 |
R2S - USC R1 - SetCol KTournament: R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose | Judge: Sarah Roberts KSettler colonialism is the permeating structure of the nation-state which requires the elimination of Indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.Tuck and Yang 12 AND p. 36). Settler colonialism and its decolonization implicates and unsettles everyone. Policy operates through the performance of settler benevolence despite its hierarchical nature. Rather than focus on the plan’s consequences and technical details, you should unsettle domestic policymaking and vote neg.Strakosch 18 AND need of state help, although the provision of this help remains unexceptional. Extinction impacts are fabricated by the settler death drive. Settlers have a psychological investment in imagining the end of the world to create a sense of white vulnerability at the expense of enacting decolonization. You should presume the aff to be falseDalley 16 AND effects that shape much of the contemporary literature emerging from white colonial settings. Thus, the only alternative is one of decolonization.Tuck and Yang 12 AND one. Decolonization is not an "and". It is an elsewhere. FW(Counter)-Interpretation: The 1AC is an object of research. The role of the neg should be to disprove the various meanings of that object. Plan focus restricts the debate to a ten second statement and leaves the rest of the aff unquestioned. They should be responsible for the way their knowledge is constructed and used because that produces the best model for activism and ethics in the context of the topic which is a unique education net benefit to our interpretationThey get to weigh their Aff’s research and the reasons why that research is desirable, which resolves any fairness concernsAll of our links implicate the effects of the plan, which is sufficient for plan focusThe role of the ballot is to best recognize Indigenous scholarship and resistance—any ethical commitment requires that the aff center discussion in Native scholarship and demands.Carlson 16 AND I believe our contributions to settler colonial studies are even more deeply problematic. | 12/13/21 |
WTO - Loyola R1 - CaseTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi CaseIP not enoughTech transfer is key and not included under IPSmith 05/05 AND every manufacturing process has to be looked at in a very careful way." 1. Existing compulsory licensing exemptions are sufficient to solveBacchus, JD 20 AND action should be no broader than necessary to address the global medical needs. | 1/22/22 |
WTO - Loyola R1 - Pharma DATournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi AND almost $428 million accrued in the first nine months of the year. B. Link: Strong IP protection spurs innovation by encouraging risk-taking and incentivizing knowledge sharing—prefer statistical analysis of multiple studies AND for foreign direct investment which in turn also leads to economic growth."56 C. IL: Biopharmaceutical innovation is key to prevent future pandemics and bioterror AND such public health threats to an even greater extent under improved innovation conditions. D. Impact: That causes extinction, which outweighs. AND and Japan using plague to cause an epidemic in China during WWII.27 1NC – Turns Case AND higher quantities sold. However, conditions vary substantially across countries and products. | 1/22/22 |
WTO - Loyola R1 - VaxxDip CPTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Orange Lutheran AZ | Judge: Lena Mizrahi VaxxDip CPText: The People’s Republic of China should offer Chinese developed vaccines and medical technology related to COVID-19 to the world for free.The CP massively ramps up Chinese "vaccine diplomacy" which solves the caseJuecheng and Yuwei 8-13-21 AND production, boosting fair distribution, and licensing local production in more countries. Successful vaccine diplomacy is key to overall Chinese Soft PowerHuang, PhD, 3-11-21 AND . In reality, Chinese vaccines are often priced higher than $10. Chinese leadership solves extinction.Shen Yamei 18, Deputy Director and Associate Research Fellow of Department for American Studies, China Institute of International Studies, 1-9-2018, "Probing into the "Chinese Solution" for the Transformation of Global Governance," CAIFC, http://www.caifc.org.cn/en/content.aspx?id=4491 AND , refugees, climate change and public hygiene by debt forgiveness and assistance. We should embrace Chinese soft power- it’s based on principles of self-determination and cooperation that will reduce war and improve global living conditions.Li, PhD, ‘18 AND can mean a more peaceful 21st century. The world should embrace it. | 1/22/22 |
WTO - Loyola R4 - Fem IR KTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Brixz Gonzaba L: Global South TropeTheir seemingly critical approach to climate justice is steeped in Western modernity’s narrative of "developing nations" as inherently vulnerable and ‘primitive’-Tuana 13 AND likely to suffer a worsening of their everyday conditions (2010, 130). Violation: It was used in this tag: "The resolution’s centering of the World Trade Organization as a mechanism for engagement with IPP only proves the discursive investment debate has in racial capitalism. The field of IPP exists internationally through the WTO because global law on intellectual property frames the Global South through the representation of "illicit economies" in order to legitimate representations of the Western Scientist Savior." (source: their Aff) | 12/13/21 |
WTO - Loyola R4 - T FrameworkTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 4 | Opponent: Honor VD | Judge: Brixz Gonzaba Fairness: Revolutionary ethics must be tempered by ethical ideals like fairness- their rejection of norms has no end point and collapses into atrocityRobinson, JD Yale, 17 AND a warning against committing atrocities in pursuit of fairness, not against fairness. | 12/13/21 |
WTO - Loyola R5 - Cap KTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Lucas Hunter Cap KWhile on the surface the aff seems anti-corporate, their advantages are designed to paper over the faults of neoliberalism and protect capital on a broader scale.The aff’s faith in market logics allows for rampant international austerity and privatization of healthcare – this is a tradeoff DA that outweighs and turns case.Sell and Williams, 20 AND as powerful and often dominant logics operating in and influencing that governance system. The WTO is inevitably a tool of accumulation for capitalist imperialism – international institutional monopoly capitalism overdetermines the plan’s move to peace – causes war, environmental degradation, and extinction.Cuong, 18 AND that maintains the existence of capitalism and adapts it to new historical conditions. Securitizing biological risks ties health to the protection of global capitalism. ‘Disease as threat’ narratives militarize responsibility for public health, replicating past colonial structures to secure neoliberalism.Mohan J. DUTTA, 15. Professor and Head of the Department of Communications and New Media at the National University of Singapore, Adjunct Professor of Communication at the Brian Lamb School of Communication at Purdue University. Neoliberal Health Organizing, 2015, p. 167-169. AND forms of governance because of the paradoxes of networked flows in neoliberal governance. Our critique independently outweighs the case - neoliberalism causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the affs single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics neolib wants us to engage in so the root cause goes unquestioned. Farbod 15 ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) AND enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. Capitalism causes inevitable crises, inequality, and dehumanization—the alternative is a class-based critique of the system—pedagogical spaces are the crucial staging ground for keeping socialism on the horizonMcLaren, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4 AND memories. Its potential remains untapped and its promise needs to be redeemed. The role of the ballot is to resist neoliberal ideology – filter negative arguments through an epistemological dismantling of neoliberalism.HAY and ROSAMUND, PhDs, 2002 (Colin and Ben, Journal of European Public Policy Volume 9, Issue 2, 2002 p. 3-5) AND then the content of such ideas is likely to affect significantly political dynamics. | 12/13/21 |
WTO - Loyola R5 - Structural Violence PICTournament: WTO - Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marlborough AW | Judge: Lucas Hunter Structural Violence PICCounterplan Text: We advocate the entirety of the AC without the use of the words "structural violence".The counterplan is inherently competitive. Since we defend the entirety of the aff advocacy aside from a change in certain rhetoric a perm would be severance out of both the reps and the language of the 1AC.DefinitionThey misunderstand the meaning of the term "structural violence". It is a specific term of art used in the sociological field of peace research that has been widely discredited by both critics and the terms creator.Structural violence" is a term coined by Johan Galtung, it refers to violence where no single decision maker is responsible- like poverty which results from the global economy, which ignores that multiple actors are responsible. Galtung 12Galtung Institute 12 AND Structural violence is the most problematic area to be addressed for conflict transformation. Net BenefitsReliance on the vague concept of "structural violence" recreates oppression.Subpoint A: Theories of "structural violence" distract solutions to material conditions in favor of vague criticism of poorly defined systems. Existing structures will co-opt your criticism and the process trades off with more effective reforms.1.Structural violence obscures analysis necessary to reduce poverty and violence- this card is on fire. Boulding 77Kenneth Boulding, Prof Univ. of Michigan and UC Boulder, Journal of Peace Research 1977; 14; 75 p. Boulding p. 83-4 AND it may have done a disservice in preventing us from finding the answer. 1NC Case3. Weakening IP is insufficient—multiple other barriers to equity.Bonadillo and Chandler 21 AND Prime Minister Boris Johnson have recently pushed for plans to share vaccines instead. 4. Focus on vaccine equity obscures vaccine "rollout" issuesAdler 7-20-21 AND South Africa whose industrial policies have long called for limitations on IP rights. | 12/13/21 |
no thanksTournament: R2S - USC Trojan Invitational | Round: 6 | Opponent: Marlborough OO | Judge: Ben Cortez | 12/13/21 |
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