Eagan Engelstad Aff
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Blake | 1 | Peninsula AJ | Jonathan Hsu |
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| Blake | 5 | Eden Prarie SD | Devin Hernandez |
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| Blake | 3 | Lexington AG | Mike Girouard |
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| Blake | Quarters | Prospect ST | panel |
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| Contact info | 1 | contact | info |
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| Glenbrooks | 1 | Immaculate Heart AW | Nick Flemming |
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| Harvard | 6 | Scarsdale KS | Ronak Ahuja |
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| Harvard | 7 | Brookfield East DJ | Zac Clough |
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| Harvard | Triples | Strake Jesuit MS | Shields, Melin, Abhyankar |
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| Harvard | 2 | Newport EL | Shubh Agrawal |
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| Harvard | 3 | Cherry Creek KK | Jenn Melin |
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| Harvard RR | 5 | Lexington AG | Joseph Barquin, Jonathan Jeong |
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| Harvard RR | 3 | Dulles YT | Andrew Gong, Matthew Berhe |
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| Minneapple | 1 | San Mateo YR | Raunak Dua |
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| NDCA | 2 | Immaculate Heart RR | Nick Flemming |
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| UK season opener | 1 | Charlotte Latin AP | Emmiee Malyugina |
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| UK season opener | 3 | Woodro Wilson SR | Matt Davis |
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| Valley | 1 | Aragon Zayne Abraham | Arianna Nelson |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Blake | 1 | Opponent: Peninsula AJ | Judge: Jonathan Hsu 1ac - debris |
| Blake | 5 | Opponent: Eden Prarie SD | Judge: Devin Hernandez 1ac - space debris |
| Blake | 3 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Mike Girouard 1AC - debris (same as r1) |
| Blake | Quarters | Opponent: Prospect ST | Judge: panel AC - debris v2 (same as r5) |
| Glenbrooks | 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Nick Flemming 1ac - terror |
| Harvard | 6 | Opponent: Scarsdale KS | Judge: Ronak Ahuja 1ac - megaconstellations |
| Harvard | 7 | Opponent: Brookfield East DJ | Judge: Zac Clough 1ac - megaconstellations |
| Harvard | Triples | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MS | Judge: Shields, Melin, Abhyankar 1ac - megaconstellations |
| Harvard | 2 | Opponent: Newport EL | Judge: Shubh Agrawal 1ac - megaconstellations (same as RR) |
| Harvard | 3 | Opponent: Cherry Creek KK | Judge: Jenn Melin 1ac - megaconstellations |
| Harvard RR | 5 | Opponent: Lexington AG | Judge: Joseph Barquin, Jonathan Jeong 1ac - megaconstellations (same as r3) |
| Harvard RR | 3 | Opponent: Dulles YT | Judge: Andrew Gong, Matthew Berhe 1ac - megaconstellations |
| Minneapple | 1 | Opponent: San Mateo YR | Judge: Raunak Dua 1ac - terror |
| NDCA | 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Nick Flemming 1ac - starlink v2 |
| UK season opener | 1 | Opponent: Charlotte Latin AP | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1ac - PHE |
| UK season opener | 3 | Opponent: Woodro Wilson SR | Judge: Matt Davis 1ac - same |
| Valley | 1 | Opponent: Aragon Zayne Abraham | Judge: Arianna Nelson 1ac - PHE |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
Contact infoTournament: Contact info | Round: 1 | Opponent: contact | Judge: info email: aerinengelstad@gmail.com | 9/10/21 |
JANFEB -- STARLINK V1Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dulles YT | Judge: Andrew Gong, Matthew Berhe Aff harvard1ac – advantage 1: debrisSatellite internet constellations accelerate collision risks – more close encounters and less transparency means bad decisions are inevitable.Pultarova 21 "SpaceX Starlink satellites responsible for over half of close encounters in orbit, scientist says" Tereza Pultarova ~Master's in Science from the International Space University, France, to her Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University. She worked as a reporter at the Engineering and Technology magazine, freelanced for a range of publications including Live Science, Space.com, Professional Engineering, Via Satellite and Space News and served as a maternity cover science editor at the European Space Agency.~, August 18, 2021 https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellite-collision-alerts-on-the-rise SM LEO collisions due to constellations take out ISR and other military assets – debris cascades into different altitudes and triggers Kessler Syndrome.Wong 19 "Congested Outer Space: Increased Deployment of Small Satellite Constellations Could Hamper Military Space Operations" 2019 Arthur Wong ~Strategic Development of Forces Division, SHAPE. Prior to working at SHAPE he has worked at NATO HQ, within the Defence Investment Division on interoperability for NATO's multinational battlegroups.~ https://www.japcc.org/congested-outer-space/ SM Collisions with early warning satellites causes miscalc and goes nuclear – magnified by the Kessler effectBlatt 20 ~Talia, joint concentration in Social Studies and Integrative Biology at Harvard, specialization in East Asian geopolitics and security issues~ "Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race," Harvard International Review, May 26, 2020, https://hir.harvard.edu/anti-satellite-weapons-and-the-emerging-space-arms-race/ TG Independently causes cyberwar and satellite hacking which escalates.Falco 19 "Opinion: Our satellites are prime targets for a cyberattack. And things could get worse." Gregory Falco ~Gregory Falco is a cyber research fellow at Harvard University's Belfer Center and a postdoctoral security researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He is the founder and chief executive of NeuroMesh, a tech security company.~ May 7, 2019 https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/our-satellites-are-prime-targets-for-a-cyberattack-and-things-could-get-worse/2019/05/07/31c85438-7041-11e9-8be0-ca575670e91c_story.html SM Empirics prove it's possible and likely by state and nonstate actors – especially true given private sector cost cutting.Akoto 20 "Hackers could shut down satellites — or turn them into weapons" February 13, 2020 William Akoto ~a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Denver.~ https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2020/02/13/Hackers-could-shut-down-satellites-or-turn-them-into-weapons/4091581597502/ SM Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won't stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG 1ac – advantage 2: warMegaconstellations drive numerous scenarios for conflictVictoria Samson 22 ~Victoria Samson is the Washington office director for the Secure World Foundation, an organization that focuses on space sustainability, and she has over 20 years of experience in military space and security issues. Previously, Ms. Samson was a senior analyst for the Center for Defense Information. She also was a senior policy associate at the Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, a consortium of arms control groups. Earlier, she was a researcher at Riverside Research Institute, where she worked on war-gaming scenarios for the Missile Defense Agency "The complicating role of the private sector in space", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 78:1, 6-10, 2022. DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2021.2014229~ China backlash to Starlink escalate tensions and repression – causes Sino-Indian warGoodwins 21 "Starlink's latent China crisis could spark a whole new world of warcraft" Rupert Goodwins ~British writer, broadcaster and technology journalist, Executive Editor @ ZDNet UK~, March 15, 2021 https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/15/starlink_china_crisis/ SM Sino-India war goes nuclear.Rachman 20 "Erosion of nuclear deterrence makes India-China relations critical" GIDEON RACHMAN ~Gideon Rachman became chief foreign affairs columnist for the Financial Times in July 2006. He joined the FT after a 15-year career at The Economist, which included spells as a foreign correspondent in Brussels, Washington and Bangkok.~ September 7, 2020 https://www.ft.com/content/311694ac-d1a4-4d92-a850-97e161ad887c SM 1ac - planPlan: The appropriation of outer space by private entities is unjust in the case of Large Satellite Constellations in Lower Earth OrbitTakaya et al 18 "The Principle of Non-Appropriation and the Exclusive Uses of LEO by Large Satellite Constellations" Yuri Takaya-Umehara ~Visiting researcher at the University of Tokyo since April 2017. She was affiliated to the Kobe University to provide a course on space law to post-graduate students (2011-2017). She chairs a working group on the formulation of global norms in space law organized by the Keio University since 2018. She obtained her Ph.D. degree at the IDEST of Paris XI University in France, LL.M. at the Leiden University in the Netherlands.~ Quentin Verspieren ~Ph.D. in public policy @ The University of Tokyo, Assistant Professor of Space Policy @UTokyo, General Manager, Global Strategy @ArkEdge Space Inc., Associate Research Fellow @ESPI~ Goutham Karthikeyan ~The University of Tokyo and Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS-JAXA)~ 2018 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328094878_The_Principle_of_Non-Appropriation_and_the_Exclusive_Use_of_LEO_by_Large_Satellite_Constellations SM 1ac - fwrkThe meta-ethic is moral naturalism. Non-natural moral facts are epistemically inaccessiblePapineau 7 ~David, Academic philosopher. He works as Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, having previously taught for several years at Cambridge University and been a fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge, "Naturalism". http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/~~ No a priori reason—evidence proves.Schwartz ND "A Defense of Naïve Empiricism: It is Neither Self-Refuting Nor Dogmatic." Stephen P. Schwartz. Ithaca College. pp.1-14. Reject deontic meta-ethics for non-internal judgements, like the topic – there's a massive gap between intention and intrinsic qualities of actions.The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Pleasure and pain define intrinsic physical value and disvalue – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.~ 1ac - underview1AR theory is legit, drop the debater, and the highest layer- we need a way to check infinite NC abuse. 1AR is too short to go for drop the argument and gives the negative too much of an advantage in the 2NR. Even if the shell is 4 minutes, the neg can dump on it for 5:30 and go for 30 seconds of substance and auto win. Only DTD solves and allowing them to weigh against the shell only maximizes abuse.Use a comparative worlds paradigm where the Affirmative must prove the plan is better than the status quo or a competitive policy option.Net benefits:1~ Topic Education – Truth-testing moots topic education because it allows debaters to recycle generic arguments which deny the truth of everything. Outweighs other forms of education – we only have 2 months to debate the topic and can have discussions about other issues out of round.2~ AC tests new strategies in a way that turns power against itself to change the rigid political culture. Prefer abductive methods – avoids dogmatism – key to coalitions of change3~ Frameworks must be reflective, else they replicate stereotypes that are counter-productive to solutions. This requires a praxis, or a dual commitment to theory and practice====4~ Reciprocal burdens – proving a deductive argument is false only requires you win defense and proving an inductive argument is false is more difficult because of squo bias. Comparative worlds solves because it eschews the idea that either side unilaterally carries the burden of proof==== 3. Presumption and permissibility affirm –1. Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you'd believe me.2. Epistemics – we wouldn't be able to start a strand of reasoning since we'd have to question that reason.3. Illogical – presuming statements false is illogical since you can't say things like P and ~P are both wrong.4. Presuming obligations is logically safer since it's better to be supererogatory than fail to meet an obligation.5. Presuming statements false is impossible since we can't operate in a world where we don't trust anything.6. To negate means to deny the truth of, which means if there isn't offense to deny the truth of you should affirm.7. Otherwise we'd have to have a proactive justification to do things like drink water.8. If anything is permissible, then definitionally so is the aff since there is nothing that prevents us from doing it. | 2/25/22 |
JANFEB -- STARLINK V2Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart RR | Judge: Nick Flemming 1ac – advantage 1: debrisSatellite internet constellations accelerate collision risks – more close encounters and less transparency means bad decisions are inevitable.Pultarova 21 "SpaceX Starlink satellites responsible for over half of close encounters in orbit, scientist says" Tereza Pultarova ~Master's in Science from the International Space University, France, to her Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University. She worked as a reporter at the Engineering and Technology magazine, freelanced for a range of publications including Live Science, Space.com, Professional Engineering, Via Satellite and Space News and served as a maternity cover science editor at the European Space Agency.~, August 18, 2021 https://www.space.com/spacex-starlink-satellite-collision-alerts-on-the-rise SM LEO collisions due to constellations take out ISR and other military assets – debris cascades into different altitudes and triggers Kessler Syndrome.Wong 19 "Congested Outer Space: Increased Deployment of Small Satellite Constellations Could Hamper Military Space Operations" 2019 Arthur Wong ~Strategic Development of Forces Division, SHAPE. Prior to working at SHAPE he has worked at NATO HQ, within the Defence Investment Division on interoperability for NATO's multinational battlegroups.~ https://www.japcc.org/congested-outer-space/ SM Collisions with early warning satellites causes miscalc and goes nuclear – magnified by the Kessler effectBlatt 20 ~Talia, joint concentration in Social Studies and Integrative Biology at Harvard, specialization in East Asian geopolitics and security issues~ "Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race," Harvard International Review, May 26, 2020, https://hir.harvard.edu/anti-satellite-weapons-and-the-emerging-space-arms-race/ TG Interconnectedness and surface area are keyGraczyk et al 21, Rafal, Paulo Esteves-Verissimo, and Marcus Voelp. "Sanctuary lost: a cyber-physical warfare in space." arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.05878 (2021). (University of Luxembourg, Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT) - CritiX group)Elmer Empirics prove it's possible and likely by state and nonstate actors – especially true given private sector cost cutting.Akoto 20 "Hackers could shut down satellites — or turn them into weapons" February 13, 2020 William Akoto ~a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Denver.~ https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2020/02/13/Hackers-could-shut-down-satellites-or-turn-them-into-weapons/4091581597502/ SM Nuke war causes extinction – Ice Age, famines, and war won't stay limitedEdwards 17 ~Paul N. Edwards, CISAC's William J. Perry Fellow in International Security at Stanford's Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Being interviewed by EarthSky. How nuclear war would affect Earth's climate. September 8, 2017. earthsky.org/human-world/how-nuclear-war-would-affect-earths-climate~ Note, we are only reading parts of the interview that are directly from Paul Edwards — MMG 1ac – advantage 2: democratizationMegaconstellations lock smaller countries out of the space market – causes conflictCassandra Steer 21 ~Cassandra Steer is a mission specialist with the Australian National University Institute of Space (InSpace) and a senior lecturer at its College of Law. "Small States Can Play a Big Role in Space" World Politics Review, July 20, 2021 https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/29819/small-space-powers-can-play-a-big-role-in-outer-space~~ Inequality triggers societal collapse—-extinction.Maavak '21 ~Matthew; April 2021; Author at Atlas Institute for International Affairs, external researcher at the Kazimieras Simonavicius University in Vilnius, Lithuania; Salus Journal, "Horizon 2030: Will Emerging Risks Unravel Our Global Systems?" vol. 9~ 1ac – advantage 3: ozoneMega-constellations destroy the ozone layer.Pultarova 21 "Air pollution from reentering megaconstellation satellites could cause ozone hole 2.0" Tereza Pultarova ~Master's in Science from the International Space University, France, to her Bachelor's in Journalism and Master's in Cultural Anthropology from Prague's Charles University. She worked as a reporter at the Engineering and Technology magazine, freelanced for a range of publications including Live Science, Space.com, Professional Engineering, Via Satellite and Space News and served as a maternity cover science editor at the European Space Agency.~, June 7, 2021 https://www.space.com/starlink-satellite-reentry-ozone-depletion-atmosphere SM it's recovering now but its erosion would cause ecosystem collapse – none of their defense assumes itKelsey Piper 21 ~"When the world actually solved an environmental crisis" Vox, Oct 3, 2021 https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22686105/future-of-life-ozone-hole-environmental-crisis~~ ExtinctionBrowne 20 "Scientists warn erosion of ozone layer could lead to a modern mass extinction event" EDWARD BROWNE May 28, 2020 https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1287983/ozone-layer-global-warming-mass-extinction-dinosaurs-Southampton SM AND 1ac - planPlan: Private entities ought not engage in the exclusive and permanent use of Low Earth Orbit via Large Satellite Constellations.Takaya et al 18 "The Principle of Non-Appropriation and the Exclusive Uses of LEO by Large Satellite Constellations" Yuri Takaya-Umehara ~Visiting researcher at the University of Tokyo since April 2017. She was affiliated to the Kobe University to provide a course on space law to post-graduate students (2011-2017). She chairs a working group on the formulation of global norms in space law organized by the Keio University since 2018. She obtained her Ph.D. degree at the IDEST of Paris XI University in France, LL.M. at the Leiden University in the Netherlands.~ Quentin Verspieren ~Ph.D. in public policy @ The University of Tokyo, Assistant Professor of Space Policy @UTokyo, General Manager, Global Strategy @ArkEdge Space Inc., Associate Research Fellow @ESPI~ Goutham Karthikeyan ~The University of Tokyo and Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS-JAXA)~ 2018 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328094878_The_Principle_of_Non-Appropriation_and_the_Exclusive_Use_of_LEO_by_Large_Satellite_Constellations SM 1ac - fwrkThe meta-ethic is moral naturalism. Non-natural moral facts are epistemically inaccessiblePapineau 7 ~David, Academic philosopher. He works as Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, having previously taught for several years at Cambridge University and been a fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge, "Naturalism". http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/~~ No a priori reason—evidence proves.Schwartz ND "A Defense of Naïve Empiricism: It is Neither Self-Refuting Nor Dogmatic." Stephen P. Schwartz. Ithaca College. pp.1-14. Reject deontic meta-ethics for non-internal judgements, like the topic – there's a massive gap between intention and intrinsic qualities of actions.The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Pleasure and pain define intrinsic physical value and disvalue – robust neuroscience.Blum et al. 18 ~Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research and Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment and Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research and Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, "Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies", U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.~ 1ac - underview1AR theory is legit, drop the debater, and the highest layer- we need a way to check infinite NC abuse. 1AR is too short to go for drop the argument and gives the negative too much of an advantage in the 2NR. Even if the shell is 4 minutes, the neg can dump on it for 5:30 and go for 30 seconds of substance and auto win. Only DTD solves and allowing them to weigh against the shell only maximizes abuse.Use a comparative worlds paradigm where the Affirmative must prove the plan is better than the status quo or a competitive policy option.Net benefits:1~ Topic Education – Truth-testing moots topic education because it allows debaters to recycle generic arguments which deny the truth of everything. Outweighs other forms of education – we only have 2 months to debate the topic and can have discussions about other issues out of round.2~ AC tests new strategies in a way that turns power against itself to change the rigid political culture. Prefer abductive methods – avoids dogmatism – key to coalitions of change3~ Frameworks must be reflective, else they replicate stereotypes that are counter-productive to solutions. This requires a praxis, or a dual commitment to theory and practice====4~ Reciprocal burdens – proving a deductive argument is false only requires you win defense and proving an inductive argument is false is more difficult because of squo bias. Comparative worlds solves because it eschews the idea that either side unilaterally carries the burden of proof==== 3. Presumption and permissibility affirm –1. Statements are true before false since if I told you my name, you'd believe me.2. Epistemics – we wouldn't be able to start a strand of reasoning since we'd have to question that reason.3. Illogical – presuming statements false is illogical since you can't say things like P and ~P are both wrong.4. Presuming obligations is logically safer since it's better to be supererogatory than fail to meet an obligation.5. Presuming statements false is impossible since we can't operate in a world where we don't trust anything.6. To negate means to deny the truth of, which means if there isn't offense to deny the truth of you should affirm.7. Otherwise we'd have to have a proactive justification to do things like drink water.8. If anything is permissible, then definitionally so is the aff since there is nothing that prevents us from doing it. | 4/10/22 |
JANFEB -- STARWARS V2Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Eden Prarie SD | Judge: Devin Hernandez | 12/19/21 |
NOVDEC -- TERROR V2Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart AW | Judge: Nick Flemming | 11/20/21 |
SEPTOCT -- PHE V1Tournament: UK season opener | Round: 1 | Opponent: Charlotte Latin AP | Judge: Emmiee Malyugina 1ac1ac - AdvantageVaccine nationalism and profit driven incentives runs IP laws – covid and AIDS provesMiriam Berger, 2-23-2021, Berger attended Wesleyan University, BA in College Social Studies; Oxford University, MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies, "Global vaccine inequality runs deep. Some countries say intellectual property rights are part of the problem.," Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/02/20/poor-countries-arent-getting-vaccines-waiving-intellectual-property-rights-could-help/** Eagan AE Covid proves countries can produce their own vaccine – ending IP laws solvesPublic Citizen, 3-29-2021, Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power, "Waiver of the WTO's Intellectual Property Rules: Facts vs. Common Myths," https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-the-wtos-intellectual-property-rules-myths-vs-facts/ Eagan AE Waiving for COVID spills up and creates precedentBrink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, Brink Lindsey is the VP of the Niskanen Center a nonpartisan think tank, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/ Eagan AE IP protections are the vital internal link to reduce vaccine inequality. Empirics disprove all pro patent argumentsKumar, PhD, 7-12-21, Rajeesh, Associate Fellow Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, IDSA, "WTO TRIPS Waiver and COVID-19 Vaccine Equity", https://www.idsa.in/issuebrief/wto-trips-waiver-covid-vaccine-rkumar-120721) Pandemics are only increasing – and getting more deadly – ending IP laws is necessary Pandemics exacerbate racial disparities — COVID provesWen and Sadeghi 20 ~Wen, Leana, and Nakisa Sadeghi. "Addressing racial health disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate and long-term policy solutions." Health Affairs (July 20, 2020). https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200716.620294/full/~~ Pandemics are an existential threat WTO flexibilities aren't enough – nor are they designed for pandemics like covidPublic Citizen, 3-29-2021, Public Citizen is a nonprofit consumer advocacy organization that champions the public interest in the halls of power, "Waiver of the WTO's Intellectual Property Rules: Facts vs. Common Myths," https://www.citizen.org/article/waiver-of-the-wtos-intellectual-property-rules-myths-vs-facts/ Eagan AE And it doesn't hurt innovation – in the case of PHE governments cover costsBrink Lindsey, 6-3-2021, Brink Lindsey is the VP of the Niskanen Center a nonpartisan think tank, "Why intellectual property and pandemics don't mix," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2021/06/03/why-intellectual-property-and-pandemics-dont-mix/ Eagan AE It directly questions liberal institutions and increases political willMeyer, 6/18/21, Meyer, David ~the Editor of CEO Daily and a senior writer on Fortune's European team. Author of the digital rights primer, Control Shift: How Technology Affects You and Your Rights.~ "The WTO's survival hinges on the COVID-19 vaccine patent debate, waiver advocates warn,", https://fortune.com/2021/06/18/wto-covid-vaccines-patents-waiver-south-africa-trips/ Fortune, June 18, 2021. AA 1ac - plan====Thus the plan – The Member Nations of the World Trade Organization ought to reduce intellectual property protections for medicines by eliminating them in the case of Global Public Health Emergencies. ==== The plan would model India and South Africa's proposalDhar, Biswajit and KM Gopakumar (2020). Dhar is a Professor of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India and adviser to ARTNeT and Gopakumar is a Legal Advisor, Third World Network, Penang, Malaysia, "Towards more affordable medicine: A proposal to waive certain obligations from the Agreement on TRIPS", ARTNeT Working Paper Series No. 200, November 2020, Bangkok: ESCAP, https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/knowledge-products/AWP200_Dhar.pdf Intellectual property includes patents, industrial designs, trademarks, copyright laws, and geographical indicationsChandra Nath Saha and Sanjib Bhattacharya, Apr/Jun 2011, Chandra is a Quality Assurance Department, Claris Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, Bhattacharya is a Pharmacognosy Division, Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal, India, "Intellectual property rights: An overview and implications in pharmaceutical industry", NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217699/ Reduce means to reduce in size, amount, or intensityWalker '4 Medicines includes articles – things put into youNY Code 21, 8-25-2021, "Section 528.4," No Publication, https://casetext.com/regulation/new-york-codes-rules-and-regulations/title-20-department-of-taxation-and-finance/chapter-iv-sales-and-use-and-other-miscellaneous-taxes/subchapter-a-sales-and-use-taxes/part-528-exemptions/section-5284-drugs-and-medicines-medical-equipment-and-supplies ArchanSen + Eagan AE ====Global public health Emergencies means the international spread of disease==== 1ac - FrameworkEvaluate the debate through the lens of probability – weighing impossibly long internal link chains distorts policy analysis by promoting selectivity and the ignoring of realismConetta and Knight 98 (Carl Conetta and Charles Knight, writers for the Project on Defense Alternatives of the Commonwealth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Project on Defense Alternatives, February 1998, http://www.comw.org/pda/bullyweb.html) cliv Prefer probability first –Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, "From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics" p. 211-232) In order to have the most accurate evaluation of consequences we must listen to the oppressedLawrence Hinman, professor of philosophy, writes in Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory, 2012: ~Lawrence Hinman, prof. emeritus of philosophy @ San Diego, Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory, 5th ed. 2012 p. 152~ | 9/11/21 |
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