Changes for page Dulles Li Aff

Last modified by Justin Li on 2022/03/11 18:09

From version < 47.1 >
edited by Justin Li
on 2022/03/11 18:09
To version < 48.1
edited by Justin Li
on 2022/03/11 18:09
<
Change comment: There is no comment for this version

Summary

Details

Caselist.CitesClass[6]
Cites
... ... @@ -1,90 +1,0 @@
1 -1AC
2 -I affirm the resolution, "Resolved: In a democracy, a free press ought to prioritize objectivity over advocacy."
3 -Framework
4 -OBS: The Affirmative has no need to specify a plan on how to prioritize objectivity over advocacy or how it would be implemented, since the resolution is only asking whether we OUGHT to do it.
5 -The affirmative will provide the following definitions:
6 -
7 -A democracy is a government characterized by citizen rule and free social cooperation. In order for a democracy to function, citizens must have reliable access to information to govern themselves.
8 -Sonnemaker writes ~Tyler Sonnemaker, 2015; Claremont McKenna College; "Objectivity and the Role of Journalism in Democratic Societies," https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/70981185.pdf~~ brett
9 -The health of any democratic society depends greatly on the quality of information available to
10 -AND
11 -helps them make political decisions that will improve our democratic society for everyone?
12 -
13 -"Objectivity" in the press is a sliding scale of commitment to truthfulness, neutrality, and separating fact from opinion.
14 -Salvesen 19 ~Ingerid; Masters degree from the Centre for Development and the Environment at the University of Oslo and a bachelor degree in Journalism from Oslo and Akershus University College and Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile in Santiago, Chile. Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper @ University of Oxford; "Should journalists campaign on climate change?" https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-01/Paper2C20Salvesen20-20RISJ20FINAL_0.pdf~~ brett
15 -To understand it better, it is useful to split objectivity ~is~ into
16 -AND
17 -Thus, as the resolution is normative, the value should be morality.
18 -
19 -The criterion to achieve morality is upholding democratic values.
20 -Prefer this criterion for 3 reasons:
21 -1 — The resolution — debating about what is important to a democracy begs the question of what is in a democracy's interests. For example, if you said "a knife ought to cut butter", then a good knife would cut butter well. Similarly, a good democracy would be effective at promoting democratic values.
22 -2 — Debate itself — the fact we as debaters do research on topics to cite unbiased articles and switch sides every round proves that this very activity is dependent on strong democratic values. Upholding democracy should be paramount to institutions like debate and the press alike, even if they do it in different ways.
23 -3 — Democracy produces the best outcomes and individual liberty for those living within. The level of civilian control over the government matters for every single moral right.
24 -Jones writes ~Sean M. Lynn-Jones | March 1998; Associate, International Security Program Editorial Board Member, Quarterly Journal: International Security Former Editor, International Security; Former Series Editor, Belfer Center Studies in International Security; "Why the United States Should Spread Democracy," https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/why-united-states-should-spread-democracy~~ brett
25 -The first way in which the spread of democracy enhances the lives of those who
26 -AND
27 -spreading democracy will do more than to enlarge the democratic zone of peace.
28 -
29 -Contention 1: COVID
30 -Objectivity is specifically key during pandemics – advocacy alone spreads disinformation and independently kills democracy.
31 -Pimentel says in 2021 O. Ricardo Pimentel, Wisconsin Examiner October 19, 2021, journalist for about 40 years. He was most recently the editorial page editor for the San Antonio Express-News in Texas; the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel before that. He has also worked in various editing and reporting positions in newspapers in California, Arizona, Texas and Washington D.C., where he covered Congress, federal agencies and the Supreme Court for McClatchy Newspapers, 10-19-2021, "We are losing the values good journalism taught," Wisconsin Examiner, https://wisconsinexaminer.com/2021/10/19/we-are-losing-the-values-good-journalism-taught/ ella
32 -Everyone should be a journalist. The problem is, few people understand what journalism
33 -AND
34 -themselves journalists, but don't even know how to be knowledgeable news consumers.
35 -
36 -Empirics prove
37 -Garcia et al from 2021 Xosé López-García,1 Carmen Costa-Sánchez,2,* and Ángel Vizoso1 Paul B. Tchounwou, 6-29-2021, "Journalistic Fact-Checking of Information in Pandemic: Stakeholders, Hoaxes, and Strategies to Fight Disinformation during the COVID-19 Crisis in Spain," PubMed Central (PMC), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7908612/ ella
38 -The public health crisis created by COVID-19 represents a challenge for journalists and
39 -AND
40 -is highly contagious and has an increased risk for public health ~28~.
41 -
42 -COVID kills the economy and people
43 -Congressional Research Service explains in 2021 Congressional Research Service ,11-10-2021, "Global Economic Effects of COVID-19", Congressional Research Service, https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R46270.pdf ella
44 -Global Economic Effects of COVID-19 The COVID-19 viral pandemic is an
45 -AND
46 -date and the response by governments and international institutions to address these effects.
47 -
48 -Contention 2: Democracy
49 -Misinformation in the press is undemocratic in many ways, such as misleading the public about the Iraq war and allowing Russia to affect media outlets before the 2016 election.
50 -Watts writes in 2021 ~Duncan J.; 2021; Department of Computer and Information Science, Annenberg School of Communication, Operations, Information, and Decisions Department, "Measuring the news and its impact on democracy" https://www.pnas.org/content/118/15/e1912443118~~ brett
51 -First, while it is possible that exposure to fake news has more impact than
52 -AND
53 -(35, 36), science (37), and business (38).
54 -
55 -Journalistic objectivity critical for sustaining democracy
56 -Sonnemaker states in 2015 Tyler Sonnemaker, 2015, Claremont McKenna College, "Objectivity and the Role of Journalism in Democratic Societies", https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/70981185.pdf ella
57 -The health of any democratic society depends greatly on the quality of information available to
58 -AND
59 -branches that are in fact sturdier and more useful for the tree's growth.
60 -
61 -The recent Russia conflict proves-disinformation ramps up conflicts
62 -Abbruzzese 22 ~Jason Abbruzzese Feb. 24, 2022, Russian disinformation, propaganda ramp up as conflict in Ukraine grows, https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/russian-disinformation-propaganda-ramp-conflict-ukraine-grows-rcna17521~~
63 -Russia's effort to spread disinformation and propaganda across the internet and through foreign and domestic
64 -AND
65 -action but appeared to be footage from a conflict in Syria in 2020.
66 -
67 -TERMINAL IMPACT: US-Russia war would be devastating and lead to extinction.
68 -Owen Cotton-Barratt et al, 17 - PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute; "Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance," https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf
69 -The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated the unprecedented destructive power of nuclear weapons.
70 -AND
71 -and it seems unreasonable to rule out the possibility of them rising further in
72 -
73 -Contention 3: Polarization
74 -Advocacy empirically leads to extreme polarization and inequality gaps
75 -Gurri 21 Martin Gurri, former CIA analyst and the author of The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium, Winter 2021, "Slouching Toward Post-Journalism," City Journal, https://www.city-journal.org/journalism-advocacy-over-reporting ella
76 -Traditional newspapers never sold news; they sold an audience to advertisers. To a
77 -AND
78 -be a challenge to surmount but rather "an extinction-level event."
79 -
80 -Polarization ruins democracies
81 -Crane 22 David M. Crane, Founding Chief Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. He is the Founder of the Global Accountability Network and is also a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Syracuse University College of Law. He is the author of Every Living Thing: Facing Down Terrorists, Warlords, and Thugs in West Africa—A Story of Justice. He was assisted by Kanalya Arivalagan, 1-6-2022, "The End of Democratic Peace in the Age of the Strongman," No Publication, https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2022/01/crane-david-democratic-peace-age-of-strongman/ ella
82 -Democracy gives way to authoritarianism in different forms. In one of the forms,
83 -AND
84 -, this is a phenomenon that all liberal democracies face around the world.
85 -
86 -Polarization internally ruins democracies
87 -Mccoy 18 Jennifer Lynn Mccoy, Distinguished University Professor of Political Science, Georgia State University, 10-31-2018, "Extreme political polarization weakens democracy – can the US avoid that fate?," Conversation, https://theconversation.com/extreme-political-polarization-weakens-democracy-can-the-us-avoid-that-fate-105540 ella
88 -A collaborative research project I led on polarized democracies around the world examines the processes
89 -AND
90 -land. They approved Justice Brett Kavanaugh with only a single Democratic vote.
EntryDate
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -2022-03-11 03:33:07.0
Judge
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Ishan Rereddy
Opponent
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Strake Jesuit JW
ParentRound
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -6
Round
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -3
Team
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -Dulles Li Aff
Title
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -MA - 1AC - democracy stock v2
Tournament
... ... @@ -1,1 +1,0 @@
1 -TFA State

Schools

AbleTwoShine (CA)
Academy Of Classical Christian Studies (OK)
Acton Boxborough (MA)
Advanced Technologies (NV)
Albuquerque Academy (NM)
Alexander W Dreyfoos School Of The Arts (FL)
American (CA)
American Heritage Boca Delray (FL)
American Heritage Broward (FL)
Amplus Academy (NV)
Apple Valley (MN)
Appleton North (WI)
Aragon (CA)
Archbishop Mitty (CA)
Ardrey Kell (NC)
Ardsley (NY)
Arizona College Prep (AZ)
Astor Redhead Academy (CA)
Athenian (CA)
Auburn (AL)
Ayala (CA)
Bagel Academy (AL)
Bartlesville (OK)
BASIS Independent Silicon Valley (AL)
BASIS Peoria (AZ)
Basis Shavano (TX)
Beckman (CA)
Bellarmine (CA)
Bentonville West (AR)
Bergen County (NJ)
Bergen County Debate Club (NJ)
Bishops (CA)
Blue Springs South (MO)
Blue Valley (KS)
Boise Senior (ID)
Borah Senior (ID)
Brentwood School (CA)
Bridgeland (TX)
Bronx Science (NY)
Brookfield East (WI)
Brookline (MA)
Brophy College Prep (AZ)
Buhler (KS)
Burbank Senior (CA)
Byram Hills (NY)
Byron Nelson (TX)
Cabot (AR)
Caddo Magnet (LA)
Canyon Crest (CA)
Cardinal Gibbons (FL)
Carmel (IN)
Carmel Valley Independent (CA)
Carnegie Vanguard (TX)
Carrollwood Day (FL)
Cary Academy (NC)
Cassville (MO)
Catonsville (MD)
Central Valley (WA)
Century (ID)
Challenge Early College (TX)
Chaminade (NY)
Champion (TX)
Charlotte Latin School (NC)
Chattahoochee (GA)
Chelmsford (MA)
Cheyenne East (WY)
Christmas Independent (NY)
Christopher Columbus (FL)
Claudia Taylor Johnson (TX)
Clear Brook (TX)
Clear Lake (TX)
Clear Springs (TX)
Clements (TX)
Cogito Debate (CA)
College Park (TX)
Cooper City (FL)
Coppell (TX)
Crean Lutheran (CA)
Cupertino (CA)
Cypress Bay (FL)
Cypress Falls (TX)
Cypress Independent (TX)
Cypress Woods (TX)
Decatur (GA)
Denver East (CO)
Diamond Bar (CA)
Dougherty Valley (CA)
Dr Phillips (FL)
Dripping Springs (TX)
DSST Byers (CO)
DTHS (LA)
Dublin (CA)
Dulles (TX)
Durango (CO)
Durham Academy (NC)
Dwight Englewood (NJ)
Eagan (MN)
Eden Prairie (MN)
Edgemont (NY)
Edina (MN)
Edmond North (OK)
Elkins (TX)
Evergreen Valley (CA)
Fairmont Prep (CA)
Fairview (CO)
Flintridge Prep (CA)
Flower Mound (TX)
Fort Lauderdale (FL)
Freehold Township (NJ)
Fremont (CA)
Fullerton Union (CA)
Garland (TX)
Geffen (CA)
George Washington (CO)
Golden State Academy (CA)
Grapevine (TX)
Green River (WY)
Greenhill (TX)
Guyer (TX)
H S Two (CA)
Hamilton (AZ)
Harker (CA)
Harrison (NY)
Harvard Westlake (CA)
Hawken (OH)
Hebron (TX)
Heights (TX)
Hempstead (IA)
Highland (ID)
Holy Cross (LA)
Holy Ghost (PA)
Homestead (WI)
Honor (CA)
Houston Memorial (TX)
Hunter College (NY)
Immaculate Heart (CA)
Indian Springs (AL)
Interlake (WA)
Iowa City West (IA)
Irma Rangel YWLS (TX)
Irvington (CA)
Isidore Newman (LA)
Jackson (WY)
James Bowie (TX)
James Logan (CA)
Jenks (OK)
Jordan (TX)
Joshi Plat (MN)
Keller (TX)
Kelly Walsh (WY)
Kenston (OH)
Kent Denver (CO)
King (FL)
La Salle College (PA)
Lake Highland (FL)
Lake Oswego Senior (OR)
Lakeville (MN)
Lander Valley (WY)
Langham Creek (TX)
Lassiter (GA)
LC Anderson (TX)
LD Bell (TX)
Leland (CA)
Lexington (MA)
LHP (FL)
Liberty (OH)
Lincoln (OR)
Lincoln East (NE)
Lincoln North Star (NE)
Lincoln Southeast (NE)
Lincoln Southwest (NE)
Little Rock Central (AR)
Littleton (CO)
Livingston (NJ)
LNU (CA)
Los Altos (CA)
Lovejoy (TX)
Loveless Academic Magnet Program (AL)
Loyola (CA)
Loyola Blakefield (MD)
Lubbock (TX)
Lynbrook (CA)
Mahtomedi (MN)
Marcus (TX)
Marlboro (NJ)
Marlborough (CA)
Marquette University (WI)
Martin Luther King (CA)
Martinsburg (WV)
McDowell (PA)
McMillen (TX)
McNeil (TX)
Mercer Island (WA)
Midlothian (TX)
Midtown (GA)
Millard North (NE)
Millard South (NE)
Millburn (NJ)
Milpitas (CA)
Milton Academy (MA)
Minnetonka (MN)
Mission San Jose (CA)
Mission Vista (CA)
ModernBrain (CA)
Monta Vista (CA)
Montgomery (NJ)
Montgomery Academy (AL)
Montville (NJ)
MOORE (OK)
Mount Pleasant (TX)
Mount Vernon (WA)
Mountain House (CA)
Mountain View (AZ)
Nashua South (NH)
Needham (MA)
Neenah (WI)
New Trier (IL)
Newark Science (NJ)
Newman Smith (TX)
Newport (WA)
Newtown (CT)
North Allegheny (PA)
North Mecklenburg (NC)
Northern Valley (NJ)
Northland Christian (TX)
Northview (GA)
Northwood (CA)
Notre Dame San Jose (CA)
Nova Academy (CA)
NSU (FL)
NSU University School (FL)
OA Independent (CA)
Oak Ridge (CA)
Ogando Independent (XX)
Olathe East (KS)
Olympia (FL)
Omaha Central (NE)
Orange County School Of The Arts (CA)
Orange Lutheran (CA)
Oregon Episcopal School (OR)
Oxford (CA)
Park City (UT)
Parkway (LA)
Pasadena (TX)
Peachtree Ridge (GA)
Peninsula (CA)
Perry (AZ)
Phillips Exeter (NH)
Pine View (FL)
Plano East (TX)
Plano Independent (TX)
Plano West (TX)
Pocatello (ID)
Portola (CA)
Presentation (CA)
Princeton (NJ)
Proof (CA)
Prospect (CA)
Providence (NC)
Ramsay (AL)
Redlands (CA)
Ridge (NJ)
Ridge Point (TX)
Riverwood (GA)
Rock Springs (WY)
Roeper School (MI)
Rosemount (MN)
Round Rock (TX)
Royse City (TX)
Sage (CA)
Salado (TX)
Sam Barlow (OR)
Sammamish (WA)
San Angelo Central (TX)
San Mateo (CA)
Sandra Day Oconnor Independent (TX)
Saratoga (CA)
Scarsdale (NY)
Scripps Ranch (CA)
Sequoia (CA)
Sequoyah (GA)
Seven Lakes (TX)
Sharon (MA)
Shawnee Mission South (KS)
Sidwell (DC)
Silver Creek (CA)
Sky View (UT)
SLC West (UT)
Solebury (PA)
South Eugene (OR)
Southlake Carroll (TX)
Springfield Catholic (MO)
St Agnes (TX)
St Croix Prep (MN)
St Josephs (WV)
St Michael Albertville (MN)
St Thomas Aquinas (KS)
Stanford OHS (CA)
Stockdale (CA)
Strake Jesuit (TX)
Stratford (TX)
Strath Haven (PA)
Stuyvesant (NY)
Summit (NJ)
Syosset (NY)
Taft (CA)
Taravella (FL)
Tays (TX)
Tempe Prep (AZ)
Test School (AL)
Teurlings Catholic (LA)
Texas Academy Of Mathematics And Science (TX)
The Meadows (NV)
The Woodlands (TX)
Thomas Jefferson (VA)
Thunder Basin (WY)
Tom Glenn (TX)
Traber Robinson McLoughlin (MN)
Trinity Prep (FL)
Troy (CA)
Troy Independent (CA)
Tuloso Midway (TX)
Union (OK)
Unionville (PA)
University (CA)
Valley (IA)
Valley International (CA)
Valor Christian (CO)
Vandegrift (TX)
Verona Area (WI)
Vestavia Hills (AL)
Village (TX)
Walt Whitman (MD)
Wenatchee (WA)
West Broward (FL)
West Des Moines Valley (IA)
West Ranch (CA)
West Windsor Plainsboro North (NJ)
Westford (MA)
Westlake (TX)
Weston Erdmann (MN)
Westridge School (CA)
Westside (TX)
Westwood (TX)
Wichita East (KS)
William B Travis (TX)
William G Enloe (NC)
William P Clements (TX)
William Walker Indepedent (TX)
William Walker Independent (TX)
Wilson (DC)
Windward (CA)
Winston Churchill (TX)
Wyoming Virtual Academy (WY)
Yerba Buena (CA)
Yorktown (VA)
Youth Voices (IL)