1AR prices monopolies africa (v inequity) 1NC (trad) 2AR all 2NR all
Little Rock Classic
2
Opponent: JPG Dozda | Judge: NA
1AC- trad case 1NC- innovation US leadership CP 2NR- no case response 2AR All
UK Season Opener
3
Opponent: Henry Clay DG | Judge: Pamela Ehrenberg
1AC- Covid high prices ebola 1NC- innovation
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Cites
Entry
Date
AMR disad
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Dozda | Judge: NA Batista et. al Pedro Henrique D. Batista, Dennis Byrski, Matthias Lamping and Roberto Romandini, 16 January 2019, “IP-Based Incentives Against Antimicrobial Crisis: A European Perspective”, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40319-018-00782-w#Sec2
The use of antimicrobial agents contributes to the increase in antimicrobial resistance. Considering the natural selection process, only resistant microorganisms can survive after an antimicrobial treatment.Footnote19 These remaining microorganisms are then capable not only of rapidly proliferating, but also of transferring their resistance genetically by HGT, which increases resistance rates. The misuse and the overuse of antimicrobials (e.g. unnecessary prescription in cases of viral or non-infectious diseases, prescription of doses higher than necessary
Reducing patents increases AMR due to increased antibiotic use
10/1/21
Affirmative blocks
Tournament: UK Season Opener | Round: 3 | Opponent: Henry Clay DG | Judge: Pamela Ehrenberg Kaufman and Rubenstein 17 (Elliot, former editorial intern at National Review, and Adam, most recently a Robert L. Bartley Fellow at the Wall Street Journal, "America the White?", National Review, 9-7-2017, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/451149/whiteness-american-history-education-discourse, DOA: 9-10-2017) Snowball modified for gendered langauge
Jung and Kwon 15 Jung, Youn, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea and Soonman Kwon, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, July 2015, “The Effects of Intellectual Property Rights on Access to Medicines and Catastrophic Expenditure,” International Journal of Health Services, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 507–29. DOI.org (Crossref), doi:10.1177/0020731415584560/ Triumph Debate
9/15/21
Compulsorylicensingad
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: Finals | Opponent: Cabot Buckner | Judge: Connie Rivera Countries are resorting to compulsory licensing to access essential medicines, a method in which a patent is forcefully taken by the government and trade secrets are revealed.
https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l2098 Access to affordable medicines and vaccines is essential for both universal health coverage and meeting the sustainable development goals. However, as innovations of medicines are owned by companies, it is important to recognise that improving access to them is intertwined with international trade laws and intellectual property rights.
10/1/21
Ebolaad
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Jace Owens | Judge: NA Motari, M., Nikiema, J.-B., Kasilo, O. M. J., Kniazkov, S., Loua, A., Sougou, A., and Tumusiime, P. (2021, March 11). The role of intellectual property rights on access to medicines in the WHO AFRICAN region: 25 years after the TRIPS agreement. BMC Public Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7951129/.
Ebola has also reminded us that we have diseases where the current patent system does not deliver the innovation we need: The lack of expected return on investment was one of the major reasons why today we have to test the Canadian Ebola vaccine in a few months while this could have been done many years ago! We have been discussing this failure of the market driven RandD system for a long time. We hope that this reminder will trigger more long term financial commitments by governments
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Dozda | Judge: NA Increased Antibiotic use leads to large negative effects and economic decline, as well as increased income inequality Porooshat Dadgostar 2019 Dec 20, “ Antimicrobial Resistance: Implications and Costs”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6929930/
l global GDP could decrease by approximately 1 and there would be a 5–7 loss in developing countries by 2050.71,72 This percentage ultimately translates into $100-210 trillion.28,66 Multidrug- resistant TB alone could cost the world $16.7 trillion by 2050.73,74 Furthermore, due to AMR, the gap between the developing countries and the developed countries will become more pronounced; as a result, inequity will substantially increase.28 Most of the people who are pushed into extreme poverty as a result of AMR will be specifically from low-income countries
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: JPG Dozda | Judge: NA Gurgula and Lee, 21 Olga Gurgula, lecturer in intellectual property law at the Brunel Law School, Wen Hwa Lee, co-director of the Oxford Martin Schoool Programme on Affordable Medicines, University of Oxford, June 6th, 2021, “Covid-19 IP and access: Will the current system of medical innovation and access to medicines meet global expectations?”, Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1741134321993182 /TriumphDebate
Therefore, the establishment of new specifically designated research centres to investigate and prepare for new pandemics, and setting up the infrastructures for the development and manufacture of medicines by countries, may help to reduce the risks of new pandemics, as well as securing access to essential medicines when the pandemic ends. Another option is to create a system of open innovation, in which access to information, data and technologies could be freely achieved. ‘While innovation is critical, the usual process of managing innovation does not seem to work anymore’.67 This is the view that Chesbrough expressed almost 20 years ago and it is still valid today. He explained that the old paradigm of innovation was based on the closed model, where companies generate their ideas, develop, build, market and finance them on their own (ibid). One of the implicit rules of this model is ‘we should control our IP, so that our competitors don’t profit from our ideas’ (ibid). He further claimed that this paradigm created a ‘virtuous circle’, in which companies invested in their RandD, which led to breakthroughs, increasing their profits, which were then reinvested back into their internal RandD (ibid). Since IP was vigorously protected, others could not use it for their own profit (ibid).
Tournament: UK Season Opener | Round: 2 | Opponent: Little Rock Central XJ | Judge: Michael Fain Value - Morality
Criterion - Util
Contention 1 - COVID 19 The COVID-19 emergency is a global crisis which will only continue to fester and proliferate until immediate and perhaps global action is taken. Uncertainties and variants with potentially more infectious tendencies are on the rise until innovation is aided with the reduction of Intellectual property protections. World Health Organization. (n.d.). 2021WHO director-general's opening remarks at the WTO - WHO high Level DIALOGUE: Expanding Covid-19 Vaccine manufacture to Promote equitable access. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-wto~-~--who-high-level-dialogue-expanding-covid-19-vaccine-manufacture-to-promote-equitable-access. Without doubt, the development AND Rapid diagnostics and life- saving therapeutics are also vital.
Contention 2 is Ebola Subpoint A- The occurrence of public health emergencies of global concern such as Ebola has served to highlight further the tensions between IPP and access to medicines. Motari, M., Nikiema, J.-B., Kasilo, O. M. J., Kniazkov, S., Loua, A., Sougou, A., and Tumusiime, P. (2021, March 11). The role of intellectual property rights on access to medicines in the WHO AFRICAN region: 25 years after the TRIPS agreement. BMC Public Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7951129/. The Ebola crisis again AND needed research and development.
Contention 3 - Compulsory Licensing Compulsory licensing, a provision in the TRIPS agreement, enables governments to supply its citizens with generic versions of patented treatments. Compulsory licensing was used as a successful policy tool for improving access to antiretroviral drugs in the face of the AIDS epidemic. Just as this strategy has tackled health crises in the past, it is key to tackling present illnesses that lack accessible treatments. Wong, H. (2020). The Case for Compulsory Licensing During Covid-19, 1–5. https://doi.org/ 10.7189/jogh.10.010358 The Doha Declaration reaffirmed that AND measures in the time of a pandemic.
According to a campaign group called ONE, richer countries are hoarding excess doses of COVID-19 vaccines and buying one billion more than their citizens need, which prevents poorer nations from getting vaccinated this year. “This huge vaccine excess is the embodiment of vaccine nationalism,
Without doubt, the development, approval and rollout of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 less than a year after the first reported cases is a stunning scientific achievement, But there remains a shocking imbalance in the global distribution of vaccines.
First, Intellectual property rights aren’t the cause of high prices; By implying the reduction of IPR will result in the lowering of prices, affirmative dismisses the substantial factors at the root of high medicine prices.
CWF confirms in 2018 that As long as drug companies (or a small group) hold monopoly (or oligopoly) power over potent new therapies, there is no free market solution to lowering drug prices. Only a countervailing nonmarket force of equal strength can bring those prices down. The existence of patents does not totally prevent competition. Often, other companies introduce drugs that are distinct enough to justify their own separate patents and accomplish the same therapeutic goal. This results in competition that lowers drug prices, but often by not enough to make the medications affordable for many patients. Drugmakers are also free to raise prices whenever they want at rates they alone determine.
10/1/21
pricesad
Tournament: Little Rock Classic | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Jace Owens | Judge: NA (insulin) When inventor Frederick Banting discovered insulin in 1923, he refused to put his name on the patent. He felt it was unethical for a doctor to profit from a discovery that would save lives. Banting’s co-inventors, James Collip and Charles Best, sold the insulin patent to the University of Toronto for a mere $1. They wanted everyone who needed their medication to be able to afford it.