Bridgeland Traxler Neg
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Walt Whitman EY | Braedon Kirkpatrick |
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| Apple Valley | 3 | Dulles TY | Jeff Swift |
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| Berkeley | 1 | Mission San Jose SR | NA |
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| Berkeley | 4 | Young Genius Bay Area AA | Nick Fleming |
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| Berkeley | 5 | Harvard-Westlake MT | Nick Smith |
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| Berkeley | Triples | Plano Independent RP | Panel |
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| Emory | 2 | Wilson SR | Emily Atamov |
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| Emory | 4 | Harvard-Westlake IC | Kate Totz |
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| Emory | 6 | New Trier RK | Nitin Rastogi |
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| Grapevine | 1 | Northland Christian CS | Wyatt Hatfield |
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| Grapevine | 4 | Tommy Yu | Jack Quisenberry |
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| Isidore Newman | 3 | Vestavia Hills DS | Albert Sanchez |
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| Isidore Newman | 1 | Benjamin Franklin AH | Jenna Wright |
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| Isidore Newman | 6 | Christopher Columbus AM | Buvan Ganes |
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| Isidore Newman | Quarters | Valor Christian LS | Anthony Berryhill, Chetan Hertzig, Ausha Curry |
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| Katy Taylor TFA | 1 | Strake Jesuit OZ | Michael Rutledge |
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| Katy Taylor TFA | 3 | Jordan Diribe | Blake Ochoa |
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| Lexington | 3 | North Allegheny ST | Vanessa Chen |
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| Lexington | 6 | Bronx Science NK | Grant Brown |
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| Lexington | 1 | Solebury LM | Neda Bahrani |
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| Memorial | 2 | Jordan VS | Dunno |
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| Palm Classic | 1 | Sidwell SW | Kate Marin |
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| Palm Classic | 3 | Marlborough VA | Lindsay Van-Luvanee |
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| Palm Classic | 6 | BASIS Silicon Valley SK | Ben Erdmann |
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| UNLV | 2 | Peninsula AD | Pranav Vijayan |
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| UNLV | 3 | Eden Prairie AG | Conal Thomas-McGinnis |
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| UNLV | 5 | James Logan AB | Joseph Barquin |
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| UNLV | Doubles | Stockdale GS | Panel |
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| UT | 2 | Los Altos BF | Brett Cryan |
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| UT | 3 | Ft Lauderdale AA | Sriman Gaddam |
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| UT | 5 | Round Rock IM | Cale McCrary |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Apple Valley | 1 | Opponent: Walt Whitman EY | Judge: Braedon Kirkpatrick 1AC - Butler |
| Apple Valley | 3 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Jeff Swift 1AC - China |
| Berkeley | 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose SR | Judge: NA BYE |
| Berkeley | 4 | Opponent: Young Genius Bay Area AA | Judge: Nick Fleming 1AC - Whole Rez |
| Berkeley | 5 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake MT | Judge: Nick Smith 1AC - Mars |
| Berkeley | Triples | Opponent: Plano Independent RP | Judge: Panel 1AC - Lunar Heritage |
| Emory | 2 | Opponent: Wilson SR | Judge: Emily Atamov 1AC - Cap |
| Emory | 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Kate Totz 1AC - Cap |
| Emory | 6 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Nitin Rastogi 1AC - Lay |
| Grapevine | 1 | Opponent: Northland Christian CS | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield 1AC - Retrovirals |
| Grapevine | 4 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Jack Quisenberry 1AC - PragTrix |
| Isidore Newman | 3 | Opponent: Vestavia Hills DS | Judge: Albert Sanchez 1AC - Queer |
| Isidore Newman | 1 | Opponent: Benjamin Franklin AH | Judge: Jenna Wright 1AC - Poverty |
| Isidore Newman | 6 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus AM | Judge: Buvan Ganes 1AC - Rawls |
| Isidore Newman | Quarters | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: Anthony Berryhill, Chetan Hertzig, Ausha Curry 1AC - Disability |
| Katy Taylor TFA | 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit OZ | Judge: Michael Rutledge 1AC - Lay |
| Katy Taylor TFA | 3 | Opponent: Jordan Diribe | Judge: Blake Ochoa 1AC - Lay |
| Lexington | 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny ST | Judge: Vanessa Chen 1AC - SpaceCol |
| Lexington | 6 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Grant Brown 1AC - Heidegger |
| Lexington | 1 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Neda Bahrani 1AC - Debris |
| Memorial | 2 | Opponent: Jordan VS | Judge: Dunno 1AC - Covid |
| Palm Classic | 1 | Opponent: Sidwell SW | Judge: Kate Marin 1AC - |
| Palm Classic | 3 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Lindsay Van-Luvanee 1AC - Global Commons |
| Palm Classic | 6 | Opponent: BASIS Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Ben Erdmann 1AC - Prag |
| UNLV | 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AD | Judge: Pranav Vijayan 1AC - Asteroid Mining |
| UNLV | 3 | Opponent: Eden Prairie AG | Judge: Conal Thomas-McGinnis 1AC - US Russia |
| UNLV | 5 | Opponent: James Logan AB | Judge: Joseph Barquin 1AC - PTD |
| UNLV | Doubles | Opponent: Stockdale GS | Judge: Panel 1AC - Some Shit |
| UT | 2 | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Brett Cryan 1AC - Cap |
| UT | 3 | Opponent: Ft Lauderdale AA | Judge: Sriman Gaddam 1AC - Democracy |
| UT | 5 | Opponent: Round Rock IM | Judge: Cale McCrary 1AC - DemocracyStructural Violence |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
| Entry | Date |
|---|---|
0 - Contact InfoTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Email: parker_traxler@hotmail.com | 11/5/21 |
0 - DebateDrillsTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 8/3/21 |
0 - NavigationTournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All | 8/3/21 |
1 - Broken InterpsTournament: Lexington | Round: 3 | Opponent: North Allegheny ST | Judge: Vanessa Chen Interp - if the aff defends anything other than the entire resolution then they must provide a linked counter-solvency advocate for their specific advocacy in the 1AC. Interp - the aff must explicitly delineate a comprehensive role of the ballot and how the round plays out under it in the form of a text in the 1AC. | 1/15/22 |
1 - T-EmbodimentTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Lindsay Van-Luvanee Interp – affirmatives must demonstrate how they engage efforts to advocate the plan BEYOND scenario planning or embody methods of solvency against violence discussed in the AFF.Reid-Brinkley 20 ~Shanara Reid-Brinkley 2020, "The Future is Black: Afropessimism, Fugitivity, and Radical Hope in Education", Edited by Carl Grant, Ashley Woodson, Michael Dumas, https://books.google.com/books?id=SMHyDwAAQBAJandpg=PR5andsource=gbs_selected_pagesandcad=2~~#v=onepageandqandf=false//WY~~ They violate.First, ascetic tourism – reading the 1AC absent direct efforts to challenge communal violence posits them as tourists to violence. Benefits to scenario planning don't disprove the violation.Second, revitalization of stasis – our offense isn't just "going beyond scenario planning" BUT specification of such since it revitalizes stasis and forces research beyond traditional norms.Third, Effects T – words holding potential for action proves scenario planning could affect action, which still links since it still posits them as tourists over violence, and is infinitely regressive – anything could affect each other. | 2/12/22 |
2 - BaudrillardTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Dulles TY | Judge: Jeff Swift The endless appeals to objectivity and evidence near and dear to the status quo have lost all weight in the world of alternative facts and fake news – attempts to decipher the world through transparent metaphysics prove to not only be futile but also infinitely destructive as the quest to know everything merely reveals all that we can never know – meaning is contrary to its own intent; all information inevitably crumbles into the void of illusion.Shapiro 17 ~Alan N, Professor in Transdisciplinary design at Folkwang, 1/5, "Baudrillard and Trump: Simulation and Object-Orientation, Not True and False," http://www.alan-shapiro.com/baudrillard-and-trump-simulation-and-object-orientation-not-true-and-false-by-alan-n-shapiro/~~ Participation based political opposition legitimates cybernetic structures of control that undergird communication – the activist stance merely legitimates the reactionary one, like debates between MSNBC and Fox News.Anarchist News 10 ~"The University, Social Death, and the Inside Joke," http://anarchistnews.org/content/university-social-death-and-inside-joke~~ This system causes global implosive violence as a method for creating meaning for its own existence by destroying all mysterity in the world and rendering it intelligible.Artrip and Debrix 14 ~Artrip, Ryan Edward and François Debrix. "The Digital Fog of War: Baudrillard and the Violence of Representation." (2014)~ The political has lost the will for positive action. A society that maintains capitalist production is contingent upon subjects that are forced to labor under hyperreality – so we let the system collapse in on itself. All that is left in the power of the masses is negation – our alternative is the strategy of the masses.Baudrillard 93 (Jean, The Transparency of Evil: Essays on Extreme Phenomena, 1993) | 1/15/22 |
2 - Disablism PICTournament: Isidore Newman | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Valor Christian LS | Judge: Anthony Berryhill, Chetan Hertzig, Ausha Curry We advocate the entirety of the affirmative without their use of the term "ableism" – Instead, understanding oppression experienced surrounding disability should conceptualize it as "disablism" – breaks the connection between discrimination and abilityChapman 10, Professor of Social Work at York University (Christopher S., Crippling narratives and disabling shame: disability as a metaphor, affective dividing practices, and an ethics that might make a difference, still.my.revolution.tao.ca/node/68) | 1/15/22 |
2 - Heidegger KTournament: Lexington | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Grant Brown Heidegger was a terrible person.Fried, Professor of Philosophy at Suffolk University, '14 Heidegger's theories are inseparable from nazi-ism – his theory of non-instrumental being was closed off to Jews and their k of calculative logic is based on the Elders of Zion conspiracyRichard Brody, Why Does It Matter If Heidegger Was Anti-Semitic? March 27, 2014, www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/why-does-it-matter-if-heidegger-was-anti-semitic Reject the k – nazism implicates all of Heidegger's politics – the alt reinscribes fascismJoshua Rothman, The New Yorker, 4/28/14, "Is Heidegger Contaminated by Nazism?," www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/is-heidegger-contaminated-by-nazism | 2/6/22 |
2 - Spikes KTournament: Palm Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: BASIS Silicon Valley SK | Judge: Ben Erdmann Their refusal to allow contestation of spikes when extended in the NR recreates ableism – people with learning disabilities might miss a spike and lose.Thompson: Marshall Thompson ~debater at Whitman and coach of Harrison HS. Big fan of Wittgenstein, Winnie the Pooh and all around great guy~. "Musings on Debate." NSD, PDT, VBI. Ableism is a tactic of oppression that permeates all forms of discrimination - categorization based on normative biological standards justifies every form of discrimination and violence.Siebers: Siebers, Tobin ~Professor of Literary and Cultural Criticism @ University of Michigan~, "The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification". October 2009. | 2/19/22 |
2 - Util NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 6 | Opponent: Bronx Science NK | Judge: Grant Brown 1~ Phenomenal introspection – it's the most epistemically reliable- historical and moral disagreement over internal conceptions of morality such as questions of race, gender, class, religion, etc. prove the fallibility of non-observational based ethics. Introspection means that we value happiness because we can determine that we each value it – just as I can observe a lemon's yellowness, we can make those judgements about happiness.2~ Actor specificity – A~ Aggregation – every policy benefit some and harms others, which also means that side constraints freeze action, B~ No act-omission distinction – choosing to omit is an act itself – governments actively decide not to act so there is no omission, C~ States lack wills or intentions since policies are inherently collective actions. Actor specificity comes first since different agents have different ethical standings.3~ Only consequentialism can explain degrees of wrongness – If I break a promise to meet up for lunch that is not as bad as breaking a promise to take a dying person to the hospital. Only by evaluating the consequences of each scenario can we explain why the second one is much worse than the first.4~ Extinction first under any other framework – A~ It precludes the possibility of any kind of moral value – we can't confer value onto anything if we're not alive, B~ Future generations mean infinite magnitude – we must look towards future lives as well.5~ Reductionism – empirics prove.Parfit 84 ~Derek Parfit, cool hair. "Reasons and Persons" 1984. Brackets for gender~ 6~ No intent-foresight distinction— If we foresee a consequence, then it becomes part of our deliberation which makes it intrinsic to our action since we intend it to happen.7~ Calc indicts fail – A) they prove util is hard not impossible B) empirically denied policymakers use util all the time and every round on the west coast is larp, which proves its possible to reliably resolve offense under the framework.8~ Theory - ethical frameworks must be theoretically legitimate. Any standard is an interpretation of the word ought-thus framework is functionally a topicality argument about how to define the terms of the resolution. Prefer my interp –A~ Ground: Both debaters are guaranteed access to ground to engage under util – ie Aff gets plans and advantages, while Neg gets disads and counterplans. Additionally, anything can function as a util impact as long as an external benefit is articulated, so all your offense applies. Other frameworks deny 1 side the ability to engage the other on both the impact level and the link level.B~ Resolvability – only util can compare and choose between two different types of impacts – anything else forces judge intervention which takes the debate out of the debaters hands | 2/6/22 |
JF - CIL CPTournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AD | Judge: Pranav Vijayan CP: States ought to:—Announce that appropriation of outer space by private actors violates the Outer Space Treaty and that this is a settled matter of customary international law—Announce that this action is taken pursuant to opinio juris (the belief that the action is taken pursuant to a legal obligation) and that non-compliant actors are in violation of international law—Fully comply, not appropriating outer space in a manner inconsistent with these proclamationsSolves the Aff.Fabio Tronchetti 8. Dr. Fabio Tronchetti works as a Co-Director of the Institute of Space Law and Strategy and as a Zhuoyue Associate Professor at Beihang University, "The Non–Appropriation Principle as a Structural Norm of International Law: A New Way of Interpreting Article II of the Outer Space Treaty," Air and Space Law, Volume 33, No 3, 2008, https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/Air+and+Space+Law/33.3/AILA2008021, RJP, DebateDrills. That competes —-1~ Widespread support for OST overhaul means a new treaty is likely—-top military leaders are pushing it.Theresa Hitchens 21. Theresa Hitchens is the Space and Air Force reporter at Breaking Defense. The former Defense News editor was a senior research associate at the University of Maryland's Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM). Before that, she spent six years in Geneva, Switzerland as director of the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). "US Should Push New Space Treaty: Atlantic Council," Breaking Defense, April 12, 2021, https://breakingdefense.com/2021/04/us-should-push-new-space-treaty-atlantic-council/, RJP, DebateDrills 2~ Space law is typically treaty-based—-Russian and Chinese proposals prove.Stephanie Nebehay 8. Reporter, Reuters, "China, Russia to Offer Treaty to Ban Arms in Space," Reuters, January 26, 2008, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-arms-space/china-russia-to-offer-treaty-to-ban-arms-in-space-idUSL2578979020080125, RJP, DebateDrills 3~ Treaties are the foundation of space law.Sophie Goguichvili et. al 21. Program Associate, the Wilson Center, "The Global Legal Landscape of Space: Who Writes the Rules on the Final Frontier?" The Wilson Center, October 1, 2021, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/global-legal-landscape-space-who-writes-rules-final-frontier, RJP, DebateDrills We solve better, since CIL is far superior to treaties for space AND causes follow-on.Koplow, 9 – Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. | 2/5/22 |
JF - Horsetrading DATournament: UNLV | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula AD | Judge: Pranav Vijayan The plan requires clarifying international space law—-causes strategic bargaining to extract concessionsAlexander William Salter 16, Assistant Professor of Economics, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, "SPACE DEBRIS: A LAW AND ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITAL COMMONS", 19 STAN. TECH. L. REV. 221 (2016), https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/19-2-2-salter-final_0.pdf Russia uses negotiations to push the PPWT—-erodes US space dominance—-unilat solvesMichael Listner 18, JD, Regent University School of Law, the founder and principal of the legal and policy think-tank/consultation firm Space Law and Policy Solutions, Sept 17 2018, "The art of lawfare and the real war in outer space", The Space Review, www.thespacereview.com/article/3571/1 The PPWT prohibits space-based missile defenseJack M. Beard 16, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Nebraska College of Law, Feb 15 2016, "Soft Law 's Failure on the Horizon: The International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities", University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2016, https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=andhttpsredir=1andarticle=1086andcontext=spacelaw Causes rogue state missile threats—-that escalatesPatrick M. Shanahan 19, Acting Secretary of Defense from January to June 2019, previously vice president and general manager of Boeing Missile Defense Systems, Jan 2019, "2019 MISSILE DEFENSE REVIEW", US Department of Defense, https://media.defense.gov/2019/Jan/17/2002080666/-1/-1/1/2019-MISSILE-DEFENSE-REVIEW.PDF | 2/5/22 |
JF - Innovation DATournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Young Genius Bay Area AA | Judge: Nick Fleming Private sector innovation in the commercial space industry is high and rising.Smith 18 ~Matthew Smith, 6-11-2018, "Commercialized Space and You," Science in the News, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/commercialized-space-and-you/~~//DDPT Private space companies must be allowed to have freedom in space in order to continue innovation – they're key for space colonization.Smith 18 ~Matthew Smith, 6-11-2018, "Commercialized Space and You," Science in the News, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/commercialized-space-and-you/~~//DDPT Strong commercial space industry catalyzes tech innovation – progress at the margins and spinoff tech change global information networks.Hampson 17 ~Joshua Hampson, 1-27-2017, "The Future of Space Commercialization," Niskanen Center, https://www.niskanencenter.org/wp-content/uploads/old_uploads/2017/01/TheFutureofSpaceCommercializationFinal.pdf~~//DDPT Tech innovation solves every existential threat – cumulative extinction events outweigh the affMatthews 18 ~Dylan Matthews, 10-26-2018, "How to help people millions of years from now," Vox, https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/10/26/18023366/far-future-effective-altruism-existential-risk-doing-good~~ | 2/20/22 |
JF - Kant NCTournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Neda Bahrani 1~ Is-ought gap – empiricism can only observe what is since that's the only thing in our perception, not what ought to be, but it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises which requires a priori premises to form morality.2~ Empirical uncertainty– evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know other's experiences makes empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics.3~ Infallibility – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why we should be reasoners is to concede authority to reason since the question itself uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.Reason requires that maxims we act upon must be universalizable – any reasoner would know that two plus two equals four because there is no a priori distinction between agents so norms must be universally valid.And willing an action that violates the freedom of others is a contradiction – if I decide to kill someone, that action is not universalizable because that would justify other people killing me too.Thus, the standard is respecting freedom. Prefer additionally –1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.2~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.3~ TJFs and they outweigh since it precludes engagement on the framework layer – prefer for Resource disparities- Our framework ensures big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity - their model crowds out small schools because they have to prep for every unique advantage under each aff, every counterplan, and every disad with carded responses to each of themAcquisition of property can never be unjust – to create rights violations, there must already be an owner of the property being violated, but that presupposes its appropriation by another entity.Feser 1, (Edward Feser, 1-1-2005, accessed on 12-15-2021, Cambridge University Press, "THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS AN UNJUST INITIAL ACQUISITION | Social Philosophy and Policy | Cambridge Core", Edward C. Feser is an American philosopher. He is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Pasadena City College in Pasadena, California. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/social-philosophy-and-policy/article/abs/there-is-no-such-thing-as-an-unjust-initial-acquisition/5C744D6D5C525E711EC75F75BF7109D1)~~brackets for gen lang~phs st | 2/6/22 |
JF - Lay NCTournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: New Trier RK | Judge: Nitin Rastogi I value justice with a value criterion of protecting private property.Prefer for 3 reasonsEveryone has a right to property that they have used their labor to create or modify anything else is unjustDay 66, J.P. Day, The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-) Vol. 16, No. 64, History of Philosophy Number (Jul., 1966), pp. 207-220 (14 pages) Livingston RB Without property rights there is no autonomy- this means property rights are a prerequisite to any other framework. We have to have ownership of our actions before we can act or examine the consequences of our actions.Chenval 06, Cheneval, Francis. "Property rights as human rights." Realizing property rights (2006): 11-17. https://www.philosophie.uzh.ch/static/SHRB/PDFs/Kap_1.pdf Livingston RB The right to property is a human rightArticle 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is a piece of international law, explicitly says property is a human rightUN 1948, United Nations. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/udhr.pdf Livingston RB Private property rights exist in spaceBrehm 15, Andrew Brehm, Wisconsin International Law Journal, "Private Property in Outer Space: Establishing a Foundation for Future Exploration" 33 Wis. Int'l L.J. 353 (2015) https://repository.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/item/77011 Livingston RB The Aff needs to prove that there is a distinction between earth and space that actually justifies stripping people of a fundamental human rightSpotswood 19, Beth Spotswood, Beth Spotswood is Alta's digital editor, events manager, and a contributing writer. In addition to her work for Alta, Beth writes for the San Francisco Chronicle. 4-4-2019, "Ethics in Space, Morals on Earth," Alta Online, https://www.altaonline.com/dispatches/a5208/ethics-in-space-morals-on-earth/ Livingston RB Any abridgement or change to private property rights in space violates and harms private property rightsEnsminger 97, Ensminger, Jean (1997) Changing Property Rights: Reconciling Formal and Informal Rights to Land in Africa. In: The Frontiers of The New Institutional Economics. Academic Press , San Diego, CA, pp. 165-196. ISBN 0122222407. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160315-111441599 Livingston RB | 2/5/22 |
JF - Mining DATournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wilson SR | Judge: Emily Atamov Private companies are set to mine in space – new tech and profit motives make space lucrativeGilbert 21, (Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and PhD student in Space Resources at the Colorado School of Mines, "Mining in Space is Coming"), 4-26-21, Milken Institute Review, https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming MNHS NL OST defines appropriation as occupation, use, or any other means – the aff definitely linksMallick and Rajagopalan 19, (Senjuti Mallick graduated from ILS Law College, Pune, in 2016. She was a Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA. She has been doing research on Outer Space Law since she was a student at ILS. Presently, she is working on different aspects of Space Law, in particular, Space debris mitigation and removal, and the law of the commons. She has published articles on Space Law in the All India Reporter Law Journal and The Hindu. Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan is the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019). She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020. As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues. Dr Rajagopalan joined ORF after a five-year stint at the National Security Council Secretariat (2003-2007), Government of India, where she was an Assistant Director. Prior to joining the NSCS, she was Research Officer at the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She was also a Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Politics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan in 2012, "If Space is the 'province of mankind', who owns its resources?"), 1-24-19, Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/ MNHS NL Squo private companies are willing to invest, but the plan crosses a perception barrier which destroys investmentShaw 13 - Lauren E, J.D. from Chapman University School of Law, "Asteroids, the New Western Frontier: Applying Principles of the General Mining Law of 1872 to Incentive Asteroid Mining", JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE, Volume 78, Issue 1, Article 2, https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307andcontext=jalc recut MNHS NL Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL Anthropogenic warming causes extinction —- mitigation efforts now are keyGriffin, 2015 (David, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", CNN, 4/14/2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ ) | 1/28/22 |
JF - Mining DATournament: Berkeley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Young Genius Bay Area AA | Judge: Nick Fleming Private companies are set to mine in space – new tech and profit motives make space lucrativeGilbert 21, (Alex Gilbert is a complex systems researcher and PhD student in Space Resources at the Colorado School of Mines, "Mining in Space is Coming"), 4-26-21, Milken Institute Review, https://www.milkenreview.org/articles/mining-in-space-is-coming MNHS NL OST defines appropriation as occupation, use, or any other means – the aff definitely linksMallick and Rajagopalan 19, (Senjuti Mallick graduated from ILS Law College, Pune, in 2016. She was a Law Researcher at the High Court of Delhi from 2016 to 2018 and is currently pursuing LL.M in International Law at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, USA. She has been doing research on Outer Space Law since she was a student at ILS. Presently, she is working on different aspects of Space Law, in particular, Space debris mitigation and removal, and the law of the commons. She has published articles on Space Law in the All India Reporter Law Journal and The Hindu. Dr Rajeswari (Raji) Pillai Rajagopalan is the Director of the Centre for Security, Strategy and Technology (CSST) at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. Dr Rajagopalan was the Technical Advisor to the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) (July 2018-July 2019). She was also a Non-Resident Indo-Pacific Fellow at the Perth USAsia Centre from April-December 2020. As a senior Asia defence writer for The Diplomat, she writes a weekly column on Asian strategic issues. Dr Rajagopalan joined ORF after a five-year stint at the National Security Council Secretariat (2003-2007), Government of India, where she was an Assistant Director. Prior to joining the NSCS, she was Research Officer at the Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. She was also a Visiting Professor at the Graduate Institute of International Politics, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan in 2012, "If Space is the 'province of mankind', who owns its resources?"), 1-24-19, Observer Research Foundation, https://www.orfonline.org/research/if-space-is-the-province-of-mankind-who-owns-its-resources-47561/ MNHS NL Squo private companies are willing to invest, but the plan crosses a perception barrier which destroys investmentShaw 13 - Lauren E, J.D. from Chapman University School of Law, "Asteroids, the New Western Frontier: Applying Principles of the General Mining Law of 1872 to Incentive Asteroid Mining", JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE, Volume 78, Issue 1, Article 2, https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1307andcontext=jalc recut MNHS NL Space mining is the only way to solve climate changeDuran 21, (Paloma Duran is a journalist and industry analyst at Mexico Business News, "Is Space Mining the Best Option to Face Climate Change?"), 11-03-21, Mexico Business News, https://mexicobusiness.news/mining/news/space-mining-best-option-face-climate-change MNHS NL Anthropogenic warming causes extinction —- mitigation efforts now are keyGriffin, 2015 (David, Professor of Philosophy at Claremont, "The climate is ruined. So can civilization even survive?", CNN, 4/14/2015, http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/14/opinion/co2-crisis-griffin/ ) | 2/20/22 |
JF - Settler ColonialismTournament: Emory | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake IC | Judge: Kate Totz Discourses of space exploration are inextricably tied to the colonial legacies that created them – space is rendered Terra Nullius; another empty wilderness open to the extension of colonial interests.Smiles 20 – Deondre Smiles is Ojibwe, Black, and settler, and he is a citizen of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, as well as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria, in B.C., Canada, "The Settler Logics of (Outer) Space," Society and Space, October 26th, 2020, https://www.societyandspace.org/articles/the-settler-logics-of-outer-space sam dd Settler colonialism is genocide. The position of the Native necessitates endless violence against them by ensuring that the settler can hold the Natives' territory. The role of the ballot is to center indigenous scholarship.Wolfe 06 ~Patrick Wolfe (2006) Settler colonialism and the elimination of the native, Journal of Genocide Research, 8:4, 387-409, DOI: 10.1080/14623520601056240~ ~pT~ *bracketed The alternative is one of decolonization – an ethic of incommensurability leads to infinite native futures.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Tuck, Eve, and K. Wayne Yang. "Decolonization Is Not a Metaphor." Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society, vol. 1, no. 1, Sept. 2012, p., http://resolver.scholarsportal.info/resolve/19298692/v01i0001/nfp_dinam.xml.~~ ~pT~ | 1/29/22 |
JF - Settler Colonialism v2Tournament: Palm Classic | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlborough VA | Judge: Lindsay Van-Luvanee Settler colonialism is not a one-off event but an ongoing structure of dispossession that requires the elimination of Indigenous life. This is marked by ontological violence reasserted each day of occupation.Tuck and Yang 12 ~Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education and Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40 JJ~ Discourses of space exploration are inextricably tied to the colonial legacies that created them – space is rendered Terra Nullius; another empty wilderness open to the extension of colonial interests.Smiles 20 – Deondre Smiles is Ojibwe, Black, and settler, and he is a citizen of the Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, as well as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria, in B.C., Canada. The functionalist paradigm of debris removal that understands space debris as a barrier to future exploration relies on a hegemonic geography of space in which outer space is rendered empty and lifeless – it is critical to theorize space debris not through the lens of maximum utility but rather relationality.Hunter and Nelson 21 – Hannah Hunter is a PHD student in Philosophy at Queen's University, where her research is centered on animal-human relationships and geographies. Elizabeth Nelson is also pretty cool, I can't find her author info but it's a peer reviewed journal The alternative is to refuse the research project of the affirmative – this is a generative event that creates space for alternative modalities of knowing around outer space and insists upon the interrogation of the epistemological underpinnings of the 1ac.Tuck and Yang 14 – associate professor of critical race and indigenous studies at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto and director of ethnic studies at UC San Diego | 2/12/22 |
JF - Space Colonization DATournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Solebury LM | Judge: Neda Bahrani Private sector innovation in the commercial space industry is high now.Smith 18 ~Matthew Smith, 6-11-2018, "Commercialized Space and You," Science in the News, https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/commercialized-space-and-you/~~//DDPT Private space appropriation is uniquely key to ensuring ongoing innovation towards space exploration and colonization.Cheng 20 ~Dean Cheng, 09-16-2020, "Outer Space and Private Property," Heritage Foundation, https://www.heritage.org/space-policy/commentary/outer-space-and-private-property~~//DDPT The private sector is the key internal link to space exploration and colonization.Sharma 9/7 ~Maanas Sharma, 9-7-2021, "The Space Review: The privatized frontier: the ethical implications and role of private companies in space exploration," The Space Review, https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4238/1~~//DDPT Space exploration solves extinction and endless resource wars.Collins 10 ~Patrick Collins, professor of economics at Azabu University in Japan, and a Collaborating Researcher with the Institute for Space and Astronautical Science, as well as adviser to a number of companies, Adriano V. Autino is President of the Space Renaissance International; Manager, CEO/CTO, Systems Engineering Consultant / Trainer at Andromeda Systems Engineering LLC; and Supplier of methodological tools and consultancy at Intermarine S.p.A, Acta Astronautica, Volume 66, Issues 11–12, June–July 2010, "What the growth of a space tourism industry could contribute to employment, economic growth, environmental protection, education, culture and world peace", Pages 1553–1562~ | 2/6/22 |
JF - T-Reduce v PTDTournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: James Logan AB | Judge: Joseph Barquin Interp: The affirmative must defend the ban of private actor appropriation of Outer Space - not a reduction.Unjust means dialectically contrary to law – only ban does that.The Law Dictionary, ND, Def of Unjust, URL: https://thelawdictionary.org/unjust/~~#:~~:text=Contrary20to20right20and20justice,conduct20furnished20by20the20laws, KR Unjust means opposed to law.FreeDictionary ~TheFreeDictionary, Unjust, xx-xx-xxxx,https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Unjust, 12-17-2021 amrita~ Violation: They defend a reduction- that's not oppositional to the law because it means that there's a world where the law would permit private appropriation.1ac babcock 19' (I read blue) Standards:1~ Predictable Limits – there's hundreds of other ways in which the affirmative can defend the restriction of private entities in Outer space – they can make some fines, etc, which makes it impossible for the negative to predict what process the affirmative is going to defend to mandate a ban of private actor appropriation of space. Our interp is the most predictable because it's grounded in the topic wording.2~ Topic ed – Bans are one of the most common and is most germane to the literature – increases the amount of ground and ability to have deep debates on the model which the majority of the literature is centered around as opposed to an irrelevant model that kills critical thinking abilities.Topicality is a voting issue that should be evaluated through competing interpretations—it tells the negative what they do and do not have to prepare for. Reasonability is arbitrary and unpredictable, inviting a race to the bottom and we'll win it links to our offense. No RVIs—it's your burden to be fair and T—same reason you don't win for answering inherency or putting defense on a disad. | 2/6/22 |
ND - ContractsTournament: Katy Taylor TFA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Jordan Diribe | Judge: Blake Ochoa Morality must be internally motivating because we must internalize and care about external claims for them to drive action, which means external motivation collapses.Joyce 01 ~Joyce, Richard – Professor of Philosophy at Victoria University of Wellington. The Myth of Morality. pp. 109-110. 2001. https://tonysss.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/the-myth-of-morality.pdf~~** Additionally, agents can only be motivated by their own desires – a) Opacity: We can't see into other people's minds which means their desires and motivation can't have influence on our motivation, b) People are self-interested; if they weren't nothing bad would ever happen because everyone would just be selfless all the time, c) Desires are infinite and incommunicable.Contracts solve – people agree to certain constraints to better promote their self-interest. People agree to channel their desires and in doing so, establish a set of moral agreements.Gauthier 86 ~Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print~ Thus, the standard is consistency with contractarian principles of mutual restraint. This is when people agree to constrain their actions for their own self-interest. To clarify, obligations arise from restraints we place on ourselves by entering contracts.Prefer additionally –1~ Actor Specificity – states are not moral entities but derive authority from the contracts that allows them to constrain action. This outweighs on empirics – states aren't bound by moral obligations, but they are by their contracts to other entities.2~ Performativity – you agree to 4 minutes of prep and if you tried to go over the judges would vote you down – their very performance justifies the NC framework and proves it collapses.3~ Regress – we can always question morality – authority begs the question of why their assessment ought to be preferred over other assessments – Contractarianism avoids this by allowing individuals to construct conceptions of the good based on a rational restriction of their future actions.4~ Consent – contractarianism is based on consent which determines what qualifies as a net good or harm. Moral theories must be based in consent otherwise actions could never be determinate.Now negate –1~ Striking cannot be unconditionally justified under contracts. Workers enter a contract when they agree to work for their employer in exchange for money. Breaking that contract by refusing to work but expecting pay is a violation of said contract.2~ A just government would be one that is consistent with contracts so it wouldn't recognize a right that allows workers to break contracts | 11/12/21 |
ND - EMT PICTournament: Katy Taylor TFA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit OZ | Judge: Michael Rutledge CP Text – A just government ought to provide an unconditional right to strike except for Ambulance and Paramedic workers.There are large paramedic Shortages right now, this is exacerbated in rural areas where health services are most neededKate Rogers, FEB 1 2019, "The need for EMTs and paramedics is growing, but finding people to fill the jobs isn't easy," CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/01/the-need-for-paramedics-is-growing-but-strong-labor-market-makes-hiring-hard.html | DD JH | 11/12/21 |
ND - Econ LayTournament: Isidore Newman | Round: 1 | Opponent: Benjamin Franklin AH | Judge: Jenna Wright Economy recovery and business confidence are high now.Michael Halloran writes on 9/14 ~Michael; 2021; M.B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University, former aerospace research engineer, Equity Strategist; Janney, "Despite Potential Headwinds, Key Labor Market Indicators Bode Well for the Economy," https://www.janney.com/latest-articles-commentary/all-insights/insights/2021/09/14/despite-potential-headwinds-key-labor-market-indicators-bode-well-for-the-economy~~ And as Tenza notes in their 2020 case study on South Africa that strikes are harmful to the economy.Tenza writes: ~Mlungisi Tenza (Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal). "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter vol.41 n.3 Port Elizabeth 2020. JDN. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextandpid=S1682-58532020000300004~~ Reduced economic growth negatively harms the quality of life for all involved long term, particularly workers and the bottom line. The Economic Policy Institute writes in 2009:EPI 09 ~Economic Policy Institute, 9-30-2009, "Economic scarring: The long-term impacts of the recession," https://www.epi.org/publication/bp243/~~ | 12/11/21 |
ND - Final Offer Arbitration CPTournament: Isidore Newman | Round: 1 | Opponent: Benjamin Franklin AH | Judge: Jenna Wright Contention 2 is the counter-advocacy – A just government ought to recognize an unconditional right of workers to participate in final offer arbitration.Final offer arbitration incentivizes reasonableness amongst parties and minimizes time and money wasted – solves the aff but does it better.Max Bazerman and Daniel Kahneman write in 2016 ~Max H. Bazerman and Daniel Kahneman, Harvard Business Review, September 2016, "What Negotiators Can Learn from Baseball Salary Arbitrations," https://hbr.org/2016/09/how-to-make-the-other-side-play-fair~~ DD PT | 12/11/21 |
ND - Kant NCTournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Los Altos BF | Judge: Brett Cryan The meta ethic is practical reason. Prefer –1~ Is-ought gap – empiricism can only observe what is since that's the only thing in our perception, not what ought to be, but it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises which requires a priori premises to form morality.2~ Empirical uncertainty– evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know other's experiences makes empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.3~ Infallibility – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why we should be reasoners is to concede authority to reason since the question itself uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.4~ Action Theory – every action can be broken down to infinite amounts of movements, i.e. me moving my arm can be broken down to the infinite moments of every state my arm is in. Only reason can unify these movements because we use practical reason to achieve our goals, means all actions collapse to reason.Reason requires that maxims we act upon must be universalizable – any reasoner would know that two plus two equals four because there is no a priori distinction between agents so norms must be universally valid. These things are temporally consistent – I know that adding two numbers now and taking the sum will not result in me adding the same two numbers in the future and getting a different sum.And willing an action that violates the freedom of others is a contradiction – if I decide to kill someone, that action is not universalizable because that would justify other people killing me too. If I die, I cannot exercise my freedom to kill someone else. Thus, willing a violation of freedom results in limitation of my own freedom.Thus, the standard is respecting freedom. Prefer additionally –1~ Performativity—freedom is the key to the process of justification of arguments. Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place.2~ All other frameworks collapse—non-Kantian theories source obligations in extrinsically good objects, but that presupposes the goodness of the rational will.3~ TJFs and they outweigh since it precludes engagement on the framework layer – prefer for Resource disparities- Our framework ensures big squads don't have a comparative advantage since debates become about quality of arguments rather than quantity - their model crowds out small schools because they have to prep for every unique advantage under each aff, every counterplan, and every disad with carded responses to each of themNow negate –1~ Strikes violate individual autonomy by exercising coercion.Gourevitch 18 ~Alex; Brown University; "The Right to Strike: A Radical View," American Political Science Review; 2018; https://sci-hub.se/10.1017/s0003055418000321~~ Justin 2~ Means to an end: employees ignore their duty to help their patients in favor of higher wages which treats them as a means to an end.3~ Free-riding: strikes are a form of free-riding since those who don't participate still reap the benefits.Dolsak and Prakash 19 ~Nives and Aseem; We write on environmental issues, climate politics and NGOs; "Climate Strikes: What They Accomplish And How They Could Have More Impact," 9/14/19; Forbes; https://www.forbes.com/sites/prakashdolsak/2019/09/14/climate-strikes-what-they-accomplish-and-how-they-could-have-more-impact/?sh=2244a9bd5eed~~ Justin | 12/4/21 |
ND - Lay DATournament: Katy Taylor TFA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit OZ | Judge: Michael Rutledge Economy recovery and business confidence are high now.Michael Halloran writes on 9/14 ~Michael; 2021; M.B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University, former aerospace research engineer, Equity Strategist; Janney, "Despite Potential Headwinds, Key Labor Market Indicators Bode Well for the Economy," https://www.janney.com/latest-articles-commentary/all-insights/insights/2021/09/14/despite-potential-headwinds-key-labor-market-indicators-bode-well-for-the-economy~~ And as Tenza notes in their 2020 case study on South Africa that strikes are harmful to the economy.Tenza writes: ~Mlungisi Tenza (Senior Lecturer, University of KwaZulu-Natal). "The effects of violent strikes on the economy of a developing country: a case of South Africa." Obiter vol.41 n.3 Port Elizabeth 2020. JDN. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextandpid=S1682-58532020000300004~~ Reduced economic growth negatively harms the quality of life for all involved long term, particularly workers and the bottom line. The Economic Policy Institute writes in 2009:EPI 09 ~Economic Policy Institute, 9-30-2009, "Economic scarring: The long-term impacts of the recession," https://www.epi.org/publication/bp243/~~ | 11/12/21 |
ND - Police PICTournament: Katy Taylor TFA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Jordan Diribe | Judge: Blake Ochoa CP Text: A just government should recognize the unconditional right of non-police workers to strike, abolishing police unions.The aff makes police collective bargaining worse and gives more power to police unions.Andrew Grim, 20 Ph.D. candidate in history at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is at work on a dissertation on anti-police brutality activism in post-WWII Newark Police unions use collective bargaining to reinforce systems of racism and violence. Clark '19Paul F. Clark ~School Director and Professor of Labor and Employment Relations, Penn State~, 10-10-2019, "Why police unions are not part of the American labor movement," Conversation, https://theconversation.com/why-police-unions-are-not-part-of-the-american-labor-movement-142538 accessed 10/20/2021 marlborough jh Police backed by unions are more violent than non-unionized police. Ingraham '20.Christopher Ingraham ~Reporter~ 20. ("Police Unions and Police Misconduct: What the Research Says About the Connection," Washington Post, 6-10-2020, 10-27-2021 https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/06/10/police-unions-violence-research-george-floyd/)//AW | 11/12/21 |
SO - Kant NCTournament: Memorial | Round: 2 | Opponent: Jordan VS | Judge: Dunno Ethics must begin a priori –A~ Is-ought gap – empiricism can only observe what is since that's the only thing in our perception, not what ought to be, but it's impossible to derive an ought from descriptive premises which requires a priori premises to form morality.B~ Empirical uncertainty– evil demon could deceive us, dreaming, simulation, and inability to know other's experiences makes empiricism an unreliable basis for universal ethics. Outweighs since it would be escapable since people could say they don't experience the same.C~ Infallibility – practical reason is the only unescapable authority because to ask why we should be reasoners is to concede authority to reason since the question itself uses reason – anything else is nonbinding and arbitrary.Reason requires that maxims we act upon must be universalizable – A. Any reasoner would know that two plus two equals four because there is no a priori distinction between agents so norms must be universally valid. B. Any non-universalizable norm justifies someone's ability to impede on your ends – it's impossible to will a violation of freedom since deciding to do so would will incompatible ends since it logically entails justifying willing a violation of your own freedom.Individuals must be considered to have a right to property, otherwise it's impossible to consider them as volitional.Kant 1797 - Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797 Governments have a burden of being minimally interventionist on liberties so to not infringe upon self-ownership.Feser 8/21 ~Feser, Edward. "Robert Nozick (1938—2002)." https://iep.utm.edu/nozick/. Web. August 21, 2021.~ Thus, the standard is consistency with respecting a system of outer freedom. Prefer additionally –1~ Self-ownership is a prerequisite to any form of just government existing in the first place.Feser 8/21 ~Feser, Edward. "Robert Nozick (1938—2002)." https://iep.utm.edu/nozick/. Web. August 21, 2021.~ 2~ Innate rights necessitates the ability to own objects external to yourselfRipstein 9 Ripstein, Arthur. Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2009. Print. Now negate –~1~ Reducing IP is a form of free riding that fails the universality test, but also uses the creators of the medicine as means to an end.Dyke 18 ~Raymond Van Dyke, 7-17-2018, "The Categorical Imperative for Innovation and Patenting," IPWatchdog, https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2018/07/17/categorical-imperative-innovation-patenting/id=99178/~~ DD PT ~2~ Restrictions of intellectual property rights are violations of liberty.Pozzo 06 ~Pozzo, Riccardo (2006), "Immanuel Kant on intellectual property", https://www.scielo.br/j/trans/a/rLfb3yPN3p4KPsYpxp8LQCp/?format=pdfandlang=en~~ DD PT | 10/8/21 |
SO - Nebel TTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northland Christian CS | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield Medicines is a generic bare plural It applies to this topic – democracy was the subject of SeptOct that year the same way medicines are the subject of SeptOct because “Member nations ought to eliminate IP for covid – therefore, member nations ought to eliminate IP protections for all” is illogical | 9/11/21 |
SO - SetCol K v1Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Tommy Yu | Judge: Jack Quisenberry Genocidal disposition is not an event but on an ongoing process that functions through a tripartite structure of elimination, replacement, and indoctrination. Debate as a competitive research activity is not isolated from said violence, but works to iteratively indoctrinate settler ideologies which is necessary to maintain the broader process of genocide.Patel 14 ~Lisa (Leigh) Patel (2014), Countering Coloniality in Educational Research: From Ownership to Answerability, Educational Studies, 50:4, 357-377, DOI: 10.1080/00131946.2014.924942, Accesed via Taylor Francis Online~itsnagisa The will to elimination has indoctrinated itself into all settler institutions making genocidal elimination possible. The inevitable 1AR's link turns and permutations will conflate the distinctions between colonization and racialized violence and in such create a quagmire rather than creating a language to fuel liberation programs. This should be starred as a reason why you should at least within debate refuse to invest into a politics of contingencyRifkin 14 ~Mark, 'Settler Common Sense: Queerness and Everyday Colonialism in the American Renaissance,'~itsnagisa The 1AC is a call upon the shadow archive that uses the benign affect of medical access to enact widespread genocidal violence.Pugliese 13 ~Pugliese, Joseph~ "State Violence and the Execution of Law Biopolitical caesurae of torture, black sites, drones" GlassHouse Book, 2013~itsnagisa International law attempts to uphold the ideology of colonial saviorism – it attempts to justify ongoing genocide and serves as a scheme to remake native cultures into a Eurocentric image.Mutua 01 ~Mutua, Makau, Savages, Victims, and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights (2001). Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 201-245, 2001, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1525547~~ DD PT The alternative is total refusal – only in this mode of upheaval are new futurisms possibleGrande 18 – Sandy Grande, Professor of Education and Director of the Center for the Critical Study of Race and Ethnicity at Connecticut University, 2018 ("Refusing the Settler Society of the Spectacle," Handbook of Indigenous Education, Published by Springer, Edited by Elizabeth Ann McKinley and Linda Tuhiwai Smith, ISBN 978-981-10-1839-8, pp. 1-17) FW: Eval the 1AC as a scholarly artifact – the affirmative should have to defend their epistemic orientation prior to evaluating a risk of fiated solvency.a.~ Anti-Naitve Education DA – Fiat is illusory and voting for them doesn't do anything – but voting negative can reshape the scholastic practices within this activity – that outweighs because repeated practices presented in speech activities give way to parasitic spaces only challenging the underlying epistemology that shapes that is able to disrupt those settler psyches and mitigate the violence in an anti-settler activity. That Comes first: 1.~ A 1 chance that debate does shape subject formation outweighs a risk that it doesn't – because its not worth risking genocide. 2.~ Accessibility structures procedural fairness - if we win a link argument it proves why the space that they forward is not only violent but also inaccessible for native folx.B.~ Isopolitics DA – Fiat is a form of colonial roleplaying whereby debaters can play the colonizer pretending to legislate on this land which all necessarily presumes an ethicality behind land ownershop and western law. Negation of this authority destabilizes this organizing logic of settler Political selfhood which is an independent reason you should vote negative. This means that we have impact turned their end point of their education offense because rather the constructing advocates who push towards a decolonial ethics, the skills they create, cultivate settlers who think they are more creative without giving out the land. | 9/11/21 |
SO - TT ROBTournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Northland Christian CS | Judge: Wyatt Hatfield Now negate – Permissibility and presumption negate – | 9/11/21 |
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